Overview of the types and characteristics of heaters, their scope. Types of insulation for walls Building insulation materials

Many homeowners face the problem of warming the house, and, consequently, the choice of thermal insulation material. After all, a warm house is not only a comfortable stay, but also a decent savings on heating. Practical owners responsibly approach the choice of insulation. We have reviewed the most popular and affordable materials that can be purchased at any hardware store in previous articles.

And now let's focus on the novelties of the modern market - innovative developments that are confidently entering our lives.

Liquid heat insulators: KORUND, Isolate, Teplomett, Astratek and others

Liquid heaters in Russia are produced by several companies, so the brands have different names. But the essence of their action is the same, and the generalizing names are heat paint or liquid ceramic thermal insulation. Outwardly, it is a viscous white suspension with good adhesion to all types of surfaces. Liquid insulation is applied with a brush, roller or sprayed. The result is a thin, elastic, durable polymer coating that can significantly reduce heat loss.

Thermal paint reflects and scatters radiation, it does not harm UV rays in any way, it is ideal for insulating structures with high temperatures. The composition of liquid heat insulators includes ceramic microspheres filled with rarefied air and an acrylic binder. In addition, fire retardant additives are introduced into this mixture to prevent corrosion and the formation of fungus.

The invention of thermal paint made it possible to obtain a long-sought set of properties: this heat insulator is light, flexible, applied in a thin layer, stretchable and suitable for any surface.

Advantages:

saves usable space;
has a high heat-insulating ability;
has a low weight;
hides noise well;
protects not only from the cold, but also from the summer heat;
easy to apply;
safe for human health and does not harm the environment.

Thermal paint can be used to insulate walls, floors and roofs. In addition, it is suitable for surfaces with complex geometry (slopes, pipes, valves, containers of various shapes). After painting the facades of buildings, it is possible to produce subsequent finishing cladding, and after applying to the walls from the inside, wallpaper can be glued.

The disadvantage of liquid thermal insulation is only the price. But there are all prerequisites that with the development and spread of the technology for its creation, thermal paint will become more accessible.

Plastmigran

Plastmigran is a new material based on mineral wool and polystyrene dust. After mixing the components, the composition is placed in a perforated metal module, where it is blown with steam under high pressure. The absence of chemical additives ensures the environmental friendliness of the material. Plastmigran is durable, waterproof and fire resistant.

Plastmigran is literally devoid of flaws. But due to the high cost of equipment for its production, it has not found wide application. Externally, these are thin plates or molded products that are easy and convenient to mount.

plastic.

Flaws:

for better adhesion to the base, degreasing with special chemical compounds is required;
high cost of production;
shortage in the domestic market;
high price.

Plastmigran is perhaps the most unfamiliar word for potential customers interested in thermal insulation materials. But many experts are sure that the future belongs to him.

Teplolen

This insulation is not so new, but we included it in the list of innovations in view of the fact that in our country few people are familiar with it, despite all its positive qualities. So, what is heat? This is an insulating material created on the basis of flax fiber.

Linen has long been known for its unique properties: linen clothes are warm in winter and not hot in summer. These abilities were taken into account when creating the thermal facility. In order for the insulation to keep its shape, 15% of a thermal bonding fiber is introduced into the flax fibers.

The material will certainly interest people interested in creating an eco-friendly home. Installation of a heating system does not involve the creation of a vapor barrier, it perfectly regulates moisture exchange, and also has bactericidal properties, which is especially valuable when it comes to wooden buildings. Teplolen is mounted similarly to other fibrous heaters. And its price is comparable to the price of extruded polystyrene.

So, the advantages:

environmental friendliness;
good heat and sound insulation properties;
providing a comfortable microclimate due to a smooth change in temperature and humidity;
absence of painful microflora;
ease and familiarity of installation;
no shrinkage;
durability.

Thermal linen is very popular in Finland, there are three factories for its production. And in Russia, insulation has just begun to conquer the market, but it is already predicting a great future.

Modern variations of fiberboard: Green Board®

Many will say that fibrolite is not an innovation, but a well-forgotten old one, because it was produced back in Soviet times, and in the West it has long been known as WWCB plates. But the material that will be discussed is an improved fiberboard, created on the basis of wood fiber, liquid glass and Portland cement.

This insulation has a unique property: its temperature begins to change only 10 hours after the outside temperature changes. So, in the heat, the fibrolite will warm up only in the evening, while the mineral wool will take about a couple of hours.

Advantages.

Modern thermal insulation has all the characteristics to protect our home. With the advent of cold weather, each building and structure needs its own thermal insulation in order to provide a comfortable living space for the people living in it. It is very important to properly perform the thermal insulation process for your private home so that it does not have dangerous "thermal bridges" that take you away from heat and can harm your home.

In this article, we will try to provide you with information about modern thermal insulation materials to help you choose the best one for your needs.

What is modern thermal insulation? This material must fulfill several functions, all of which relate to creating a comfortable and healthy atmosphere in your living space.

Requirements for modern thermal insulation

The main requirements for modern thermal insulation materials are:

1. Thermal conductivity. The best insulating materials should have the lowest thermal conductivity to reduce the overall heat transfer coefficient. Thus, less insulating material is required. Gas is one of the best insulating materials. The insulating properties of commercially available insulating materials are determined by the amount of gas retained within the material and the number of gas pockets.

Therefore, the higher the number of cells (which can support gas stagnation) and the smaller their size, the lower the thermal conductivity of such an insulating material. Gas-holding cells should not be interconnected, as this leads to heat convection. So, we need high thermal performance - the better the material insulates from low temperatures in winter and high temperatures in summer, the better.

2. Vapor permeability moisture. The best modern insulating materials must have very low moisture permeability. Thus, water absorption becomes negligible. Moisture condensation and corrosion are kept to a minimum. Do not confuse moisture permeability with vapor permeability. High vapor permeability - allows you to freely remove excess moisture from the premises to avoid the appearance of fungus and mold.

3.Low weight modern thermal insulation - will provide you with cheap transportation, ease of operation; there will be no need to strengthen walls, foundations, etc.

4. Resistance / setting functions. The insulation material must be resistant to water, solvents and chemicals. It must be durable and not lose its insulating effectiveness over time. The material must allow a wide choice of adhesives for its installation. Modern thermal insulation material should be easy to install, light and easy to handle.

It is desirable that ordinary tools can be used for installation work. Modern thermal insulation must be economical, with significant savings in initial cost, and it must also provide savings in long-term efficiency.

Modern thermal insulation is environmentally friendly and durable

5. Security features. The insulating material must be assessed as non-flammable and non-explosive. Flammability - The lower the flammability rating of a material, the less additional investment will be required. In case of ignition of the insulating material, the products of combustion must not form toxic impurities. Modern thermal insulation is environmentally friendly product, the material must be safe for human health.

6. Choice of finishes- the material must be able to decorate; the more variety of finishes you can use, the better.

7. Durability- a necessary condition for the long-term operation of modern heat-insulating material.

8. Price– good materials cannot be cheap, we need an optimal ratio: price-quality.

The most effective insulating materials:

Styrofoam;
extruded polystyrene foam;
Basalt mineral wool;
Laying the density of aerated concrete;
Rolls of foam foil;
Ecowool;
Foam glass;

Styrofoam

The main advantage of thermal insulation boards when you are insulating with polystyrene foam is their small thickness. This material is suitable for any additional warming and finishing measures without special preparation.

The pluses include the absence of polystyrene foam reactions to soap formulations and mineral additives. Modern thermal insulation - expanded polystyrene does not interact with bituminous mastics, cement mortars, lime, gypsum materials and asphalt emulsions. Well resists aggressive groundwater, does not collapse under their influence.

Modern thermal insulation expanded polystyrene, this is the usual foam

The guaranteed service life of this type of insulation is more than 25 years. It will always protect you from exposure to ultraviolet radiation, foams are very resistant to solar radiation.

Its only major drawback is that it is a highly flammable material. Expanded polystyrene is not recommended to insulate wooden houses. In addition, turpentine and acetone should be avoided on polystyrene foam, many types of varnish, as well as drying oil, can completely dissolve this material. Expanded polystyrene is also dissolved in all products created by the method of oil distillation.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Modern thermal insulation - (XPS) consists of closed cells and provides improved surface roughness, higher rigidity and reduced thermal conductivity. If you like, extruded polystyrene foam is the big brother of polystyrene foam.

Extruded foams are made by mixing polystyrene with a solvent, adding pressurized gas, and finally extruding the mixture to the desired material thickness. The extrusion process improves the characteristics of the final product.

Extruded polystyrene foam and the polystyrene foam we have already considered consist of the same substance, the difference is the technology for creating granules. As a result of the formation of independent pores during the extrusion process, mechanical resistance improves, the material becomes more uniform.

The material is not expensive with good heat-conducting properties and characteristics. This type of insulation has a guaranteed lifespan of over 25 years, but tests have now shown that modern XPS insulation lasts up to 50 years.

Extruded polystyrene foam is flammable, so additional protection and ventilation must be provided. At the finishing stage, any suitable material can be used, but when applying layers, for better adhesion, the XPS surface must be well prepared by mechanically roughening it (scratching).

Mineral wool

Modern thermal insulation is quite expensive. It is not surprising that the requirements of buyers for it are increased. Mineral wool has excellent vapor permeability and does not burn. With the help of this material, the so-called "protective" type of thermal insulation is created.

Thermal coating insulation is carried out using fiber coatings. It is a strong, lightweight material made from alumina, zirconium and quartz ceramic fibers. Mineral wool has a high density, which ensures a durability of more than 25 years. The advantage is also the possibility of finishing any type of building materials.

Modern thermal insulation aerated concrete

Super thick and heavy modern thermal insulation, but it has good vapor permeability. This is a non-combustible material. It should also be noted the fact that this material is structural and is a wall material. Aerated concrete will significantly reduce the relative cost of the share of thermal insulation in the construction of buildings. It is possible to use lightweight aerated concrete.

Modern thermal insulation aerated concrete, easily processed with a familiar tool.

Foam foil rolls

Modern thermal insulation foil foam. Thermal insulation film rolls (PE foam with glued foil on one or both sides) have good heat resistance and weight. Quite an expensive material compared to other types of thermal insulation. A bright representative of thermal insulation is the brand - cellular, foamed polyethylene foam.

Thermal insulation of the walls of the building with film film rolls makes the process even more expensive, since additional investments in ventilation systems and ventilation measures have to be made.

Modern thermal insulation foil foam.

The properties of this material (lack of adhesion of polymeric materials and cement) greatly limit the choice of finishes and reduce the range of applications where it can be used.

The presence of foil on both sides of this insulating material does not affect the thermal resistance of the walls, a slight improvement in thermal resistance is observed only in an enclosed air space, the effect of which is measured within the mathematical error. The material rarely finds use in building structural layers. Basically it's roofing.

Ecowool

Not expensive and very practical modern thermal insulation. made of cellulose, so its main advantage is quite obvious - it is a natural, very environmentally friendly material. Due to its looseness and weak bearing capacity, a wide choice of finishes is not possible. Ecowool can be diluted with water and poured into the brickwork (creating the so-called "well") or sprayed into the frame of the frame structure using special equipment.

Modern wall insulation with ecowool.

The flammability of this material prohibits its use in mass construction. The guaranteed service life of this type of insulation is about 10-15 years.

Foam glass FOAMGLAS

Unique modern thermal insulation Foamglass FOAMGLAS®. Life time thermal insulation material, practically unlimited. Modern thermal insulation is not subject to aging. Maintains physical properties throughout the life of the building. The exceptional performance of FOAMGLAS® insulation shows performance even under extreme conditions.

modern thermal insulation FOAMGLAS®

Foam glass is used as an insulating material and has the following advantages:

high resistance to fire;
high resistance to microbiological attack;
good resistance to most chemicals;
high temperature resistance;
available in various presentations (e.g. blankets, mats, free filling and slabs);
low thermal conductivity.

modern fiberglass insulation is available in rolls of various thicknesses, also called blankets and mats. The width of blankets and mats will depend on how they are to be installed, and some face foil or kraft paper on one side to act as vapor barriers.

However, the main technical limitations of fiberglass as insulation are:

poor structural strength or compressive strength;
propensity to install after installation if not installed properly;
its moisture permeability.

Rigid panels can be made with compressed fiberglass. These lightweight insulation boards have relatively high R values for their thickness.

We hope this article has helped you in case you are looking for some information about modern thermal insulation materials.

One of the primary tasks that is solved at the stage of construction or repair of commercial and private housing is its insulation. Today it is a question not so much of comfort, how much economy on expensive energy carriers. Therefore, all kinds of insulation for walls, which are used inside and outside buildings, are more relevant than ever.

Market of heat-insulating materials

The modern market of heat-insulating materials demonstrates high growth rates. The reason is the proven efficiency of using energy-saving technologies, which allows saving up to 40% on heating resources. This problem is usually solved in a complex way, but one of the important stages is invariably the thermal insulation of walls and facades with such materials:

mineral and glass wool;
cellulose insulation;
expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
fibrolite;
liquid ceramic insulation;
cork and other materials.

When choosing insulation for walls, buyers pay attention to thermal conductivity, the cost per unit area, the complexity of installation and performance.

Mineral wool is an affordable and popular insulation. This is a material with a chaotic fibrous structure, obtained by melting igneous and metamorphic rocks. Mineral wool is used to insulate frame structures and walls designed for different degrees of load, the contours of structures and structures. Its advantages:

high resistance to fire;
low thermal conductivity;
biological and chemical resistance;
soundproofing of premises;
the ability to repel moisture without saturation with it (hydrophobicity);
mechanical strength;
resistance to temperature deformation;
ease of installation.

And now about the minuses of mineral wool. This insulation contains in its composition harmful components that adversely affect the human body. Respiratory organs, skin and mucous membranes are especially susceptible to them. Phenol in mineral wool, which is used to insulate walls, causes nausea, weakness and headaches. In order to prevent the harmful effects of this building material, it is isolated from direct contact with the air circulating in the room.

Properties and characteristics of glass wool

Glass wool is a type of mineral insulation. In its production, waste from the glass industry is used. Glass wool consists entirely of fibrous inclusions and is characterized by high elasticity, strength and vibration resistance. Its thermal conductivity varies from 0.030 to 0.052 W/(m K).

Glass wool is commercially available in the form of mats and rolls. Thanks to the rolled or compressed form pressing technology, it occupies a small volume, which simplifies its transportation, storage and installation on a construction site. Glass wool properties:

high soundproofing ability;
mechanical strength;
flexibility and elasticity;
resistance to mold and mildew;
environmental Safety.

The main drawback of glass wool is the need to strictly observe personal safety precautions when working with it. Thin and sharp fibers are prone to brittleness, and when they get on the skin or mucous membranes, they cause irritation, injuring them. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the walls with glass wool in overalls that do not leave open areas of the body (the use of gloves is mandatory!).

Properties and characteristics of cellulose insulation

Ecowool, or cellulose insulation, is a loose and lightweight insulating material that covers walls, roofs, partitions and individual structures. 80% of its composition is occupied by paper waste (recycled waste paper), the rest is boric acid or borax, which provides a low ability to burn.

The popularity of cellulose as a heater is due to its affordable cost and environmental friendliness (it gives a second life to the waste that litters the planet). Its main characteristics:

density - 30-65 kg / m 3;
thermal conductivity - 0.032-0.041 W / (m K);
vapor permeability - 0.3 mg/(m h Pa);
sound absorption - 36-45 dB.

Cellulose does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it, has low air permeability, is hypoallergenic and hygienic. During installation, it fills the available hollow spaces, forming a seamless covering on the wall. When laying with a dry method, it is possible to work at sub-zero temperatures.

Benefits of Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene is a synthetic gas-filled material based on polystyrene, which is foamed with vapors of low-boiling liquids. It looks like a huge amount of fine-mesh granules sintered together. The higher the density of the material, the more durable it is. Other properties of Styrofoam for wall insulation:

low thermal conductivity - 0.028-0.034 W / (m K);
mechanical strength;
chemical and biological resistance;
low vapor and moisture permeability;
ability to sound absorption;
long service life (up to 30 years).

Extruded polystyrene foam: properties and characteristics

Extruded polystyrene foam for walls has the same structure as pressed one, but at the same time, closed pores are smaller - 0.1-0.2 mm. The main thing that distinguishes these two materials is the manufacturing technology of the pellets. Because of it, extruded polystyrene foam received less flexibility and a margin of safety than the foamed variety, a different vapor permeability - 0.013 mg / (m h Pa), but retained high thermal conductivity - 0.029-0.034 W / (m K).

Properties and characteristics of fibrolite

Fibrolit - a heater in the form of plates made of wood fibers and binders. The section shows a base made of natural fibers and a layer of Portland cement (60 and 40%, respectively). Characteristics of fiberboard for walls:

thermal conductivity - 0.08-0.1 W / (m K);
humidity - up to 20%;
water absorption - 35-40%;
bending strength - 0.5-1.3 MPa.

Fiberboard is a non-combustible insulation, provides excellent sound insulation, does not rot, it is not affected by fungus and mold, and its service life is up to 60 years.

Environmentally friendly cork materials

If you choose an ecological insulation for walls, you should pay attention to cork materials. They are 100% natural, as they are extracted from oak bark. The structure of the cork sheet resembles microcells that are filled with gases.

The heat transfer coefficient of the cork is 0.043-0.050 W/(m·K). The insulation does not burn, does not rot and does not absorb foreign odors. It withstands temperature changes, absorbs sounds and vibrations, easily fits on the wall without special knowledge and tools.

Liquid ceramic insulation: properties and characteristics

Liquid ceramic insulation is a modern insulation in the form of a liquid suspension-foam. This is an innovative product that replaces classic solutions to reduce heat loss through walls. The coating is flexible and dense, evenly fills the available cavities. The maximum effect of thermal insulation is achieved due to the vacuum in the micro-cavities of the substance.

Advantages of liquid ceramic insulation as wall insulation:

high anti-corrosion properties;
durability (up to 15 years);
wide operating temperature range;
thermal expansion flexibility;
ease of application;
environmental friendliness.

Liquid foam is made from a polymer resin that cures in air. For its application it is necessary to use special equipment. This is a practical and inexpensive option to reduce heat loss through walls, roofs or foundations. Liquid foam has the following properties:

excellent adhesion with any surfaces and materials;
minimal preparation of the base (cleaning and draining the wall);
high vapor permeability;
no excess pressure after drying;
easy application and removal of excess.

Liquid Styrofoam is ideal as insulation for horizontal and sloping surfaces, but also works well in wall insulation.

Consider the main types of insulation for walls.

Modern heaters: expanded polystyrene, penoizol, polyurethane foam, glass wool.

Materials for wall insulation inside: foam

The high density of the foam increases the growth of its properties such as stiffness, grain size reduction, strength.

Widespread use is due to the following advantages of foam:

Styrofoam (or expanded polystyrene) is a completely safe, environmentally friendly material that can even be used as food packaging, as well as for the manufacture of disposable tableware.
Polyfoam does not emit harmful substances during operation.
Styrofoam, depending on the brand, has a very low thermal conductivity in the range of 0.025-0.04 W / m ° C. It is also a material with a very low level of moisture permeability.
Styrofoam is an excellent soundproofing material.
The ability of foam to absorb shocks allows it to be widely used in the packaging of fragile products that require careful transportation (for example, furniture, glass, television, radio equipment, etc.).
Polyfoam is a durable material, which allows it to be used in building capital structures. With the correct construction of the building structure, it saves its properties for 50 years.

The possibility of using foam under load is due to its high mechanical characteristics. This greatly reduces the total cost of construction costs (for example, in the construction of roofs, floors). It has a very high compressive density. Styrofoam can be laid under a concrete screed on the floor. Polyfoam is very convenient in work. The process of its installation in building structures is not laborious.

Foam workers do not need goggles, respirators or gloves.

Styrofoam does not undergo the process of decay, has antibacterial characteristics, is resistant to sea water, main alkalis, acids. Not subject to corrosion. Polyfoam is an affordable inexpensive material.

When using polystyrene foam in construction, it is forbidden to allow it to come into contact with chemicals such as organic solvents (turpentine, acetone, paint thinner, ethyl acetate); petroleum products (kerosene, gasoline, resins, etc.); saturated hydrocarbons (alcohol).

Contact with the compounds listed above may damage the structure of the foam or dissolve it completely.

Styrofoam is a very good insulation. The best option in terms of price. Its use for external insulation of facades of residential buildings makes it possible to significantly reduce heat loss. Styrofoam with a thickness of 12 centimeters in terms of its heat-saving characteristics is equivalent to:

reinforced concrete wall 4 meters thick;
brick wall 2 meters thick;
wooden wall 0.5 meters thick.

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Materials for wall insulation inside: penoizol

Penoizol is made from a foaming agent, polymer resin, and phosphoric acid. It is produced in sheet form, as well as foam, which is poured between the walls immediately at the time of their construction.

Penoizol in terms of its main characteristics and appearance is very similar to polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. It is widely exploited and used under various brand names.

Penoizol is by far the only polymeric material for thermal insulation that is not capable of self-combustion. This is one of its benefits. He was assigned G2 flammability group. According to this indicator, penoizol is superior to expanded polystyrene (polystyrene), belonging to the G4 group. Penoizol under the influence of open fire does not ignite, but slowly evaporates. The best option in terms of fire safety.

A material with a fine-mesh structure, without large air bubbles, which, during the cutting process, allows only the walls of the bubbles damaged by the cut to crumble. Penoizol is odorless, has elasticity, that is, it can restore its original shape with a slight deformation.

Penoizol has a very low thermal conductivity, which is approximately 0.030-0.06 W / (m * K). According to this parameter, it is ahead of polystyrene and mineral wool.

Penoizol is a vapor-permeable material. It does not lose its qualities from high temperatures and moisture. Excess water evaporates quickly to the outside as a vapor. This happens only in the warm season.

Penoizol is the thinnest material with the same thermal insulation.

It is highly undesirable for penoizol to absorb moisture before frost in the autumn months. The lack of a sufficient amount of heat will not give it the opportunity to release this moisture into the atmospheric air. This can cause the thermal insulation characteristics of penoizol to deteriorate.

The moisture accumulated in the material, at low air temperatures, can freeze and disrupt the structure of penoizol. Therefore, the most desirable option is the use of penoizol between the walls in the middle layer of the structure. If there are areas with broken integrity in the outer wall, then they must be eliminated before the onset of cold weather.

One of the main advantages of penoizol is its low cost. This is a cheap heat-insulating material, and in terms of quality-price ratio, it is ahead of other wall heaters.

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Materials for wall insulation inside: polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a foamed plastic. Foamed plastic is a plastic filled mass, air or other gas is used as a filler.

Polyurethane foam is a durable and lightweight material with a unique structure that looks like a frozen foam.

Polyurethane foam has a wide variety of uses in different fields of activity. Its widespread use is due to the possibility of obtaining it at the place of use and the ease of the process of obtaining.

Polyurethane foam is a widely used thermal insulation material.

Polyurethane foam withstands critical temperatures and is elastic. The material is noise and vibration insulator. It is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Along with this, it has high wear resistance and strength, retains all properties in a fairly wide temperature range of operation.

Compared to other heaters, the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam is not related to moisture, and therefore the material can be used and stored in wet areas.

Polyurethane foam has high strength and low weight, low thermal conductivity and low vapor permeability. Polyurethane foam can be glued to walls or ceilings of any kind.

Polyurethane foam is a fireproof material. This allows it to be used on any surface.

Polyurethane foam, as a heater, protects the walls of buildings from low temperatures, roofs and pipelines. Installation of polyurethane foam does not require experience or special tools.

When working with polyurethane foam, you can not dismantle the old coatings. It will protect the building from street noise and create a favorable environment for relaxation.

The popularity of polyurethane foam was facilitated by the ease of production and low price. The best option in terms of reliability.

Polyurethane foam is used:

when creating refrigeration equipment: thermal insulation of commercial or domestic refrigerators;
when creating refrigeration transport equipment: thermal insulation of refrigerated trucks;
during the construction of a civil and industrial facility;
during major repairs or during the construction of individual houses and residential buildings;
in civil and industrial construction: internal and external heat and waterproofing;
in the construction of pipeline transport: thermal insulation of gas pipelines and oil pipelines;
during the construction of heating networks of settlements;
in the manufacture of electrical and radio engineering: giving vibration resistance to electrical devices;
creation of interior parts in the automotive industry;
production of upholstered furniture;
in aircraft and carriage building;
in other areas of engineering.

Today, there are many materials that effectively retain heat indoors. They differ in different characteristics. To choose the best option, you need to understand the features of each type of thermal insulation. This will help to understand the advice of experts. What types of insulation for walls from the inside are in demand today, as well as their features will be discussed in detail later.

Features of internal insulation

Heaters for the house inside have a certain set of qualities. Unlike external thermal insulation, in this case it will be necessary to use only environmentally friendly materials. They should not emit harmful substances into the environment, including when the temperature rises.

Experts say that external insulation is much more effective than internal insulation. However, in some cases it becomes almost impossible to perform such work. Exterior finishes can be expensive. You will need to hire specialists who will perform such work. This is especially true for insulation in apartment buildings. Only a specially trained master can work at height.

In some houses, the apartment is located in such a way that it becomes almost impossible to perform external insulation. A ventilation shaft or an emergency ladder may pass near the outer wall. It is also worth considering that the appearance of some old houses cannot be changed. The authorities issue laws that do not allow external insulation in such buildings. It can be monuments of architecture, culture or history. Their appearance should remain unchanged.

However, when warming the house from the inside, the owners face a number of difficulties. Knowing the features of such work, you can avoid significant errors. If you mount a thick layer of insulation indoors, the area of the room will noticeably decrease. In the room, you will need to move away from the walls or take out all the furniture. Therefore, during the repair process, the premises will not be operated. Indoors, you will need to install additional ventilation and take a number of measures that will reduce the likelihood of condensation.

How to choose material?

Today, for home insulation, different materials are used for walls from the inside, as well as materials in the format of plates. They differ in thickness, density and other important characteristics. When choosing a material, you need to take into account the thickness of the wall, as well as the climate. You will also need to consider what material the walls of the house are made of.

So, insulation for the walls of a wooden house inside will differ somewhat in their characteristics from the thermal insulation that is used in a brick building. When choosing, first of all, they take into account the lower this indicator, the smaller the thermal insulation layer will need to be installed in the room. This indicator is directly dependent on such a characteristic as hygroscopicity.

One of the important indicators is the density of the material. For insulation of vertical structures, thermal insulation with a high density is acquired. It should not deform under the influence of gravity. Otherwise, the soft insulation will simply slide down.

Be sure to pay attention to the level of hygroscopicity. If the material is able to absorb moisture, at some point it will not be able to perform the functions assigned to it. Therefore, for such heaters, it is important to apply a layer of hydro- and vapor barrier.

Safety

One of the important indicators when choosing thermal insulation is its safety. It should not burn and release harmful substances into the environment. Particularly high requirements are put forward to the insulation for the walls of a wooden house inside.

In this case, varieties such as extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene are not suitable. These are materials that can burn. At the same time, they release harmful substances into the environment that kill faster than fire.

Types of materials and their cost

The cost of a particular material is not the last factor when choosing a heater. It is worth considering that today many materials are used for internal insulation. The most popular of them are the following varieties.

Often installers make insulation from mineral wool. It is sold in rolls or slabs. The second option is preferable, since the density and hardness of this material is higher. The average cost of this insulation is 150-160 rubles / m². The cost of this material varies significantly depending on the manufacturer, type of fibers and other characteristics.

Ecowool is much cheaper. Its price is about 35-50 rubles/kg. However, it is worth noting that this material is soft. During installation, you will need to lay it very tightly. Therefore, the consumption will be higher than that of basalt fiber slabs.

One of the most common and affordable materials for buyers is foam. It costs about 3-3.5 thousand rubles / m³. The cost depends on the strength class and thickness of the panel. Extruded polystyrene foam (EPP) is much more popular today. It surpasses polystyrene in almost all respects. The price of extruded polystyrene foam (50 mm) is 5-5.5 thousand rubles / m³. This material is strong enough to be used not only for wall insulation, but also for the floor.

Since the price of extruded polystyrene foam (50 mm) is acceptable for many categories of buyers, it is often purchased. However, it is not always possible to install such material.

Sometimes the owners of a house or apartment decide to perform polyurethane foam insulation. This material has a lot of positive qualities. However, its cost will be quite high. It is 200-300 rubles/kg. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the additional costs of paying for the work of a specialist. You won't be able to do everything on your own. You will need to purchase or rent expensive equipment.

Foil heaters are relatively inexpensive. Their price depends on the type of base. The cost of thermal insulation, which is made of polyethylene foam, is 40-45 rubles / m². At the same time, the price of foil-based insulation can reach 140-145 rubles / m² or even more. The cost depends on the thickness of the material.

Styrofoam

Insulation from polyurethane foam and polystyrene is very popular today. This determines the acceptable cost of such materials. However, before buying, it is worth considering both the positive and negative sides of the foam.

The advantage of this type of insulation is an acceptable cost. If we compare polystyrene with other types of thermal insulation materials, then repairs using it will be much cheaper.

At the same time, the level of thermal conductivity is low. This material perfectly copes with the tasks assigned to it. The heat stays indoors during the cold season. However, it is very important to properly mount and calculate the thickness of the foam. Almost anyone can install it. It does not take much time and does not require special skills. The master should only follow the generally accepted instructions.

Thermal insulation made of this material will be used for a long time. The material does not absorb water at all. Because of this, the rate of its destruction will be very low. However, it is worth considering that polystyrene is far from the best option for insulation. It is a combustible material that releases toxic substances into the air. It can not be used when finishing a wooden house.

The boards are quite fragile. They may break if not handled carefully. Rodents easily spoil this material. They create tunnels in it, which significantly reduces the thermal insulation characteristics.

The material is completely vapor-tight. As a result, it will be necessary to equip a forced ventilation system. Otherwise, the appearance of fungus on the walls will be inevitable.

Extruded polystyrene foam

PPU insulation is considered a more acceptable option. differs in the improved characteristics, in comparison with polyfoam. These two materials are made from the same polymer. However, its processing is different. As a result, materials with different densities and thermal insulation qualities are obtained.

The thermal conductivity of expanded polystyrene is much lower than that of polystyrene. Therefore, it is used for warming not only walls, but also roofs and floors. The flammability index of this material is lower.

Also expanded polystyrene is much stronger. It has a low water absorption rate. In this case, even hydro- or vapor barrier may not be required. This material does not absorb water, does not pass steam. This makes it durable. However, this is also a disadvantage. The room will also need good ventilation.

Mounting the material is quite simple. How to fix the insulation to the wall from the inside, the standard installation instructions will tell you. To do this, use a special glue. Sheets do not deform, do not break like foam. This is a reliable, durable insulation.

The thickness of expanded polystyrene will be less than that of polystyrene at a similar level of thermal conductivity. Therefore, this material takes up much less usable space in the room. With internal insulation, this is a significant advantage.

Compared to Styrofoam, extruded polystyrene foam has fewer disadvantages. However, they are still there. The lack of vapor permeability is a significant disadvantage. The combustibility of the material is significantly reduced. However, it can still ignite. At the same time, harmful substances are released into the air. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam is an order of magnitude higher than that of polystyrene. This fact can also be attributed to the shortcomings of the material.

Extruded polystyrene foam is also not installed in wooden houses. It does not meet fire safety requirements.

Mineral wool

When using this type of insulation, vapor barrier is not required. The material adheres very tightly to the wall. Moisture cannot penetrate through it. There will be no condensation on the back of the finish. Do-it-yourself insulation with polyurethane foam is quite difficult to do. To do this, you will need to rent special equipment. More often turn to professionals for help. They will do the job quickly, correctly and efficiently.

Foil heaters

Wall insulation with foil insulation from the inside is a good option, since the thickness of the roll is only a few millimeters. Almost everyone can mount such material on the surface. This material consists of a base and a layer of foil. The top layer reflects the infrared rays of the spectrum, directing them back into the room. The underlay does not allow heat to pass from the room to the outside.

Today, there are many types of insulation for walls from the inside on sale. It is important to choose the right base material. It could be polyethylene foam. He is not able to provide high-quality insulation in the room. This is an additional insulation, which is most often mounted behind the battery. This allows her warmth to be reflected back into the room.

Also on sale are materials based on foamed rubber. This material can replace high-quality insulation, which can be used to finish the interior. Rolls have different thicknesses. They can be from 5 mm to 1.5 cm thick. The thicker the substrate, the better the material prevents heat loss in the room. Modern types of insulation for walls from the inside allow you to install materials with your own hands.