Constructive choice of floor slabs for aerated concrete house. How to make wooden floors in a house from aerated concrete between floors: waterproofing, installation, support of beams Sealing of floor beams in aerated concrete

To determine the choice of flooring for an aerated concrete house, first you need to make calculations on the bearing capacity of the walls, that is, what maximum load the walls can withstand.

After all, if your walls are only 200 mm thick made of D400 aerated concrete with a strength class of B1.5, and at the same time the span is quite long, then the bearing capacity for a monolithic or slab floor may not be enough. In such a situation, it is necessary to use wooden, aerated concrete or precast monolithic floors.

Also important factors influencing the choice of floors are:

Floor bearing capacity
Maximum span length
Soundproofing
Price
Construction time
Possibility of access of special equipment

We will talk about all these factors and nuances further, considering and comparing each of the overlap options.

Overlap types:

Monolithic
Prefabricated monolithic
Reinforced concrete slabs
Aerated concrete slabs
Wooden or metal beams

Floor slabs are a common choice for aerated concrete houses. Reinforced concrete slabs have the following advantages and disadvantages:

Low cost.
Good load-bearing capacity (400 to 800 kg / m2).
High speed of installation of the slabs themselves.
Good soundproofing of the floor.
Slab length up to 9 meters.
Installation requires a crane.
It is necessary to build an armored belt along the perimeter of the walls.

Such ceilings are made of reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete with a density of D500 or D600. It is possible to order your own version of the plates at the factory. Although the thermal insulation of these floors is good, there is little sense in it, since the second floor also needs to be heated, and there is little sense in separating them with thermal insulation.

If we consider the aerated concrete floor as a ceiling from a cold attic, then it is too expensive, it is cheaper to make it from wooden beams insulated with mineral wool.

Advantages and disadvantages:

High speed of installation.
The lightness of the slabs.
Excellent thermal insulation.
You can do without an armored belt, although it is desirable.
Average load-bearing capacity (up to 600 kg / m2).
The length of the slabs is up to 6.4 meters.
High price.
It is required to hire a crane.

The main advantage of monolithic ceilings is that you can fill the overlap of almost any shape, which gives you more freedom when planning a house. To strengthen the structure, reinforced reinforced beams are made, which increase the bearing capacity of the floors and the possible length of the span. Unlike floor slabs, the monolith distributes the load along the entire perimeter of the walls.

Advantages and disadvantages:

Bearing capacity (up to 1000 kg / m2).
The length of the spans is up to 9 meters.
Excellent soundproofing.
Armopoyas not required.
It is required to hire a concrete mixer and a concrete pump.
The highest cost of all floor options.
It takes a long time to build and wait for the concrete to harden.

If you are planning large halls and rooms in the house, then for a monolithic overlap the bearing capacity of the aerated concrete itself may not be enough, in which case you can use reinforced concrete columns, reinforced slabs and beams. You can get acquainted with such reinforced concrete products by the link.

Precast-monolithic floors consist of factory-made reinforced beams, between which aerated concrete blocks are installed, acting as aggregates. Reinforcement is laid on top and high-quality concrete M250-M300 is poured.

Advantages and disadvantages:

Span length up to 9 meters.
Freedom to plan.
The presence of an armored belt is not required.
Relatively light weight.
Bearing capacity (up to 600 kg / m2)
Average price.
Great savings in concrete, in comparison with a pure monolith.
Good soundproofing.
Installation of an armored belt is not required.
No crane required.

This overlap is also very common, and it can be made by two people, without the involvement of special equipment. As beams, massive blocks of solid or glued wood with a thickness of up to 200 mm and a height of up to 400 mm are used. The beams should be treated with an antiseptic, and the areas where they rest on the walls should be waterproofed with mastic or roofing felt. The spacing of the beams depends on the expected loads and varies from 300 to 600 mm.

Advantages and disadvantages:

Lowest cost.
High speed of installation.
No special equipment required.
Low load-bearing capacity.
Poor soundproofing.
The presence of an armored belt is required.
The maximum span length is 6 meters.

You can make a span of more than six meters, but then a deflection will form, and the bearing capacity will decrease.

Aerated concrete is a modern energy-saving material for the construction of summer cottages, houses and cottages. These are lightweight wall slabs that can crack from excessive pressure. It is for this reason that wooden ones are the best way with the least stress. The only drawback of this material is its low strength.

Benefits of wooden floors

It is not required to mount a bulky and heavy reinforced concrete reinforcement if it is exactly on to perform in the aerated concrete house. After all, wooden floors are distinguished by their lightness and ease of installation.

Wooden floors of a foam block house

The advantages of wooden floors include:

a light weight;
a large assortment of wood;
low cost;
simple and quick installation;
environmental friendliness;
flexibility in configuration.

Important!
When installing floors on the first floor, attic, basement or underground, it is imperative to treat wooden elements with anti-flammable and moisture-repellent agents. This will help prevent mold and mildew growth, and will also reduce the flammability of floors.

Construction of a house from aerated concrete with a wooden floor

The disadvantages include:

flammability;
the need for treatment with antiseptic and fire retardants.

Overlapping the first floor with wooden beams

Wooden floors are laid on the load-bearing beams. Usually they are made of glued or solid timber.

Options for arranging the floors of the basement and attic

There are three types of slabs:

beam;
ribbed;
beam-ribbed.

Beam floors can consist of beams on which the subfloor is laid, then insulation and decorative flooring materials.

Interfloor overlap made of wooden beams

Ribbed are rarely used. This type of flooring is used if the house is being built from a wooden frame. A distinctive feature is the frequent laying of ribs and sheathing. Allowed 0.3 - 0.5 m. Allowable rib sizes: up to 5 m in length, up to 0.3 m in width. Ceilings are sheathed with OSB, chipboard or plywood. Mineral wool is used as soundproofing.

Ribbed hardwood floor

Beam-ribbed floors consist of beams and ribs. In this case, the ribs are laid over the beams. The number of beams in this method will require much less. Wood consumption is reduced, but installation becomes more difficult.

Ribbed-beam floor

Wooden floor structure

The rungs are installed during the construction phase, at the same time as the walls are erected.

The height and section of the slab beam depends on:

step frequency;
beam thickness;
the size of the load on the bearing floors;
type of wood beams.

Important!
For a span of 5 m, a beam of 18 * 10cm or 20 * 7.5cm is used. Such beams are laid every 60 cm. With increased loads, such a section can cause deflection. Therefore, the frequency of laying the beams should be increased, but not overloaded the structure.

Installation of wooden floor beams

The installation of the crossbars into the wall is sealed by 12 cm. The end of the beam, which is attached to the wall, must be treated with a waterproofing agent. Leave an air space around the bar. So that the crossbar does not sit too rigidly, its end is cut down at a slope of 70 degrees. Wooden spacers with a thickness of 2 cm are mounted under the timber to evenly distribute the weight. When wood comes into contact with various materials, a waterproofing layer is laid from:

bituminous agents, primer;
rolled roofing material, bitumen or roofing felts;
bitumen-based liquid waterproofing;
linocrome.

Installation of wooden beams into the walls of the house

The elongation of the crossbar is made in the form of a lock. Two bars are connected with an overlap of 50-100 cm and bolted. It is very important to carry out the joints above the support.

Crossbar elongation

Then the design is complemented by heat and sound insulation. The insulating layer must be flush with the ceilings. Therefore, a roll is made in the lower part of them in order to fix the cranial bars with a cross section of 5 * 5 cm. The bottom of the floor is hemmed with OSB, chipboard, plywood or drywall.

Ceiling insulation with mineral wool

Logs are laid on the constructed beams, and a plank floor is laid on top of them. Vibration and noise absorbing pads are laid under the rough coating.

Insulation between the lags

To avoid sagging of the ceiling from unnecessary loads on the floor covering of the upper floor, the ceiling can be installed using split beams. Why the floor structure is divided, for which the supporting beams are installed separately.

In general, the construction of a wooden attic floor pie consists of layers:

load-bearing bars;
logs, insulation, sound insulation, vapor barrier;
rough boardwalk;
facing floor covering.

Wood Attic Floor Pie

Feature of the technology of installation of wooden floors

The first step in erecting a wooden floor for a house is always to calculate the structural elements.

Installation should be started along the shortest wall of the room.
The step of the flooring is often equal to 1 meter and often depends on the section of the floor beam. The smaller the section, the smaller the step.

Advice!
It is better to use a bar with a large section and a rare installation pitch than to install a palisade made of weak material.

Interfloor wooden floors

The first beam is carefully exposed using a level. Its surface should be perfectly flat.
The beam must withstand loads of up to 400 kilograms per 1 square meter of the entire area.
The most acceptable size of the support bar is a ratio of 1.5 parts of height to 1 part of width.

Installation of interfloor wooden floors

The second step is to prepare for installation.

At the stage of erecting the walls, it is necessary to provide for the attachment points for the beams of the future floor with the following parameters:

crossbar spacing - 1 meter;
the depth of the timber - 30 cm;
beam width - 30 cm.

After the installation of the beam, the end sides are treated with waterproofing and insulating materials, while the air space is not filled with any additional materials, but remains free.

Wooden floor of a house - top view

The final third step is the assembly of the overlap pie, which consists of the following operations:

Before installation, it is imperative to impregnate all wooden structural elements with moisture and fire-resistant impregnations. The ends are not processed.
The beams are carefully measured and installed around the perimeter of the room so that up to 40-50 cm of the size of the room remains on both sides of the mount. The beams must be trapezoidal by sawing them off at an angle of 70 degrees. This technique will add strength to the structure.
We install the extreme beams strictly according to the level and with the help of a perpendicular beam, we center them. The ends of the beams should not abut closely. During installation, it is necessary to leave a ventilation gap of 2-4 cm.
Having leveled and installed exactly all the floor beams, they are fixed with dry crushed stone. Then, the planting nests are concreted with a solution of crushed stone with cement.
After complete drying of the crushed stone-concrete screed, thermal insulation is performed. To do this, it is necessary to cover a layer of expanded polystyrene, or ecoauts, you can also use expanded clay.
A hydro-barrier is laid on top of the heat-insulating layer. As a waterproofing agent, you can use: liquid rubber, injection resins, bitumen mastic or seamless polyurea.
Then the logs are laid. A 5 cm thick beam is used as a base material. A transverse layer of the subfloor is laid on top of the log using self-tapping screws. The material for the subfloor is additionally treated with an antiseptic.
For the flooring, we follow the same steps as for the flooring. We glue the waterproofing layer, fix the logs, proceed to the installation of the ceiling.
The final step will be to clean the floor and ceiling structures.

In houses made of aerated concrete, it will not be superfluous to equip a monolithic aerated concrete belt for laying floor beams. It is created with the help of special aerated concrete blocks, which allow to evenly distribute the load on the load-bearing walls. It is thanks to the distribution of the load that the aerated concrete slabs do not crack.

Important!
The area of contact between wood and stone material leads to the formation of condensation and subsequent decay of wood materials. That is why it is very important to avoid direct adhesion of wood to concrete and metal. Be sure to lay a waterproofing material.

Installation of wooden floor beams

The low strength of aerated concrete implies the arrangement of a support cushion. The calculation of loads and the correct selection of materials, taking into account the small thickness of the walls, significantly reduces the likelihood of facing the outer unit, but at the same time, it allows high-quality insulation with foaming compounds.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Teacher of History and Theory of Culture ". Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

The advantages of installing wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete include low load on the walls, affordable cost of building materials, the ability to implement complex and non-standard projects, no need for lifting equipment and ease of installation. The installation technology is considered simple, special attention is paid to the correct distribution of the load on the blocks, the treatment of wood with fire retardants and antiseptics, and the protection of the structure from external influences.

Calculation of materials

The approximate load on the timber and walls is 400 kg / m 2 (if necessary, its exact value is found by adding the weight of structures and furniture). The cross-section of load-bearing sawn timber is selected taking into account the provision of deflection within 1/300 of the main span. At the same time, the permissible length of a wooden beam is 6 m, when choosing its size, it is necessary to approach the aerated concrete partitions by at least 15 cm. The recommended spacing of the supports varies in the region of 60-100 cm, but no more. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with others.

The standard scheme includes elements with a cross section of 50 × 100 and above, located transversely to the main span, sheathed with boards from below, steam, heat and waterproofing layers, and a flooring that acts as a floor or protects the insulation from external influences. The calculation is reduced to the choice of the section and the pitch of the bearing supports, which in turn depend on the area of the room and the magnitude of the loads expected for aerated concrete and overlap. The recommended sizes of wooden beams are easier to take from the tables:

	Bar section, mm
Span length, m	2	3	4	5	6
With a beam spacing of 60 cm and a default load of 400 kg / m2	75 × 100	75 × 200	100 × 200	150 × 200	150 × 225
The same, with a step of 1 m	75 × 150	100 × 175	125 × 200	150 × 225	175 × 250
With a step of 1 m and a design load on a wooden floor of 150 kg / m 2		50 × 140	60 × 180	80 × 200	100 × 220
The same at 200 kg / m 2		50 × 160	70 × 180	100 × 200	140 × 220
- / - 250 kg / m 2		60 × 160	70 × 200	120 × 200	160 × 220
- / - 300 kg / m 2		70 × 160	80 × 200	120 × 220	200 × 220

It is easy to see that knowing the exact value of the weight loads can save at least 20% on the purchase of wooden beams. The amount of the remaining lumber is found from the account of the area of \ u200b \ u200bthe premises and the size of the staircase (if any). When drawing up an estimate, compulsory costs include the cost of treating wood with antiseptics and fire retardants. The sizes and type of insulation are selected based on the intended purpose of the structure: 10 cm is enough for the overlap between the floors, the main task of the layer in this case is to provide good sound insulation, preference is given to breathable fibrous materials. When laying it on the ground floor (floors on the ground), the minimum is 20 cm, when arranging an attic - 15-20.

DIY installation guide

For interfloor and attic floors, work begins after the armopoyas is laid on top of aerated concrete blocks along the entire perimeter of the walls.

1. Preparation of the material. Elements of the required length are filed at an angle of 60-70 ° at the section of entry to aerated concrete from the upper side and wrapped with tar paper or roofing felt.

2. Preparation. Pieces of insulation are placed between the future beam and the outer wall and a gap is left for free air circulation.

3. Installation of supports, starting from the outermost elements according to the selected scheme. For fixing to the armored belt (U-shaped blocks or reinforced concrete tape), metal corners or pins treated with anti-corrosion compounds are used. This stage should not be carried out by yourself, for even placement requires the forces of at least two people, the level of each support is carefully checked.

4. Fixing the vapor barrier taking into account the recommended overlap. This layer is mandatory when dividing two floors or an attic; when assembling the overlap of the first floor in a house made of aerated concrete, films or membranes are replaced with a denser and more reliable roll waterproofing.

5. Installation of a runner that serves as a ceiling. Planks with a thickness of 25 cm or more or sheet materials, for example, drywall, are attached to the underside of the beams. At this stage, between them and the vapor barrier, you need to make a ventilation gap of 1-2 cm.

6. Placement of insulation between wooden elements. To determine the thickness of this layer, it is advisable to make a heat engineering calculation, in the absence of data, the minimum is assumed to be 10 cm.Thermal insulation is laid without gaps, with tight adjoining to the beams, slabs or mineral wool mats with springy edges are best suited for these purposes, they are easy to use and retain the ability of wood and aerated concrete blocks to transmit air.

7. Protection of the insulation from getting wet. In this case, thin waterproofing membranes and films have optimal characteristics; roofing material is used mainly in attics.

8. Covering with logs and flooring of the future floor. When laying interfloor floors, it can be made from grooved boards, plywood or chipboard sheets, the final version depends on the type of floor covering. When arranging unexploited attics, in order to save money, this stage is skipped, it is enough to lay over the beams of the bridges to move.

9. Decorative finishing of the ceiling. Large beams are sometimes left open, but such an interior will not be appropriate everywhere; in residential buildings, the lower flooring is revetted with clapboard, plaster or covered with tension structures.

These instructions are suitable for the installation of floors with any configuration on top of aerated concrete with a density of at least 400 kg / m 3 and expanded clay concrete. The main risk area is the contact areas of wood, blocks and metal. A direct abutment is avoided; in these areas of the walls, insulation or synthetic materials are provided and gaps are left. The prerequisites include the choice of the right wood: no large knots, cracks and weak areas and a moisture content of no higher than 15%. The necessary characteristics are possessed by glued or dried timber and finished I-beams.

To ensure maximum reliability of the floor operation during its assembly, it is recommended:

Connect the beams with screws, not nails.
Take into account fire safety requirements and impregnate materials not only with antiseptics, but also with fire retardants. All elements are processed in advance, exclusively dry timber is laid on the walls of aerated concrete. In order to save money, this stage can be carried out independently.
Carry out an accurate calculation of the thickness and reconcile the obtained data with the parameters of the armored belt. In order to prevent the formation of cold bridges in houses, a thin layer of thermal insulation is laid in these areas, ideally protecting both of these structures. Laying mineral wool or foam only on the side of the armopoyas or overlap is a violation, an exception is made only when U-shaped blocks are used to increase the bearing capacity of the walls.
Treat metal fasteners with anti-corrosion compounds.

A timber joist floor is optimal only in low-rise aerated concrete houses; with other options, the design is entrusted to specialists.

Aerated concrete is a fairly warm and light material. Its increasing popularity is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks retain heat well and have a low cost. But it is important to remember that this material is not highly durable. This must be taken into account when choosing the rest of the supporting structures. If we talk about floors, then wooden floors in such a house made of aerated concrete will be the best option.

Types of structures

To divide the interfloor space, the following types of structures can be used:

overlapping on beams;
slab overlap;
monolithic overlap.

The use of heavy metal or reinforced concrete elements in an aerated concrete house is undesirable, therefore, overlapping on wooden beams is the most common and reasonable option.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete

Supporting scheme for reinforced concrete floors

The positive aspects of this type of construction include:

high speed of installation;
reliability and durability;
incombustibility.

The disadvantages of this type are much more. They are especially noticeable when building a private house made of aerated concrete:

limited number of standard sizes;
large mass of elements;
the need to use lifting equipment;
the impossibility of using with a complex shape of the room;
the need for a large storage area.

In addition, heavy reinforced concrete floors increase the load on the walls and foundations of the house, thereby significantly reducing the savings achieved through the use of aerated concrete.

Monolithic reinforced concrete

The monolithic floor allows you to use it in rooms with complex shapes and atypical spans. There are two types of such floors for a private house:

on wooden beams and moisture-resistant plywood;
on metal beams and profiled sheet.

The second for an aerated concrete house immediately disappears due to the high mass and too large differences in the characteristics of the material. Monolithic slabs using timber beams are suitable for buildings with small spans, since as the distance between the walls increases, the thickness of the concrete layer increases.

The construction of concrete floors of considerable thickness creates too large loads on fragile aerated concrete walls.

The positive characteristics of this type of construction include:

the ability to fill an area of any shape;
no need for complicated technique;
strength and reliability.

The disadvantages include:

labor intensity of the process;
it is necessary to install formwork and special support posts;
the complexity of technological modes when laying the mixture;
large mass of the structure.

Wooden

Installation of beams

The positive qualities of wooden floors include:

low cost;
small weight;
the possibility of giving the structure of various configurations;
ease of installation;
no need for complex equipment.

The features of this material include the need for two types of special processing using fire retardants and antiseptics. The former protect the wood from fire, while the latter prevent fungal or mold damage. This is especially important when erecting the floor of the first floor in the presence of a cold basement or underground and attic floor in a cold attic. In both of these cases, wooden structures are in contact with cold air and condensation is possible on them, which leads to damage by microorganisms.

Floor device using wooden beams

Supporting wooden beams on aerated concrete walls

The main bearing element of such a structure is a wooden beam, which transfers the payload and the load of the floor structure to the walls. There are three options:

beam;
ribbed;
beam-ribbed.

When designing a beam, the greatest attention is paid to the load-bearing element. In order to choose the right cross-section, specialists perform strength and stiffness calculations. The device of such structures in a private house allows an approximate selection of the cross-section of the beams. It depends on the pitch of the bearing elements. With a step of 0.6 m, the following values can be given:

75 by 100 mm with a span of 2 m;
75 by 150 mm with a span of 2.5 m;
75 by 200 mm - 3 m;
100 by 200 mm - 4-4.5 m;
125 x 200 mm - 5m m;
150 x 200 mm - 6 m.

If the spacing of the beams is larger, the values should be increased.
In general, the pie attic floor looks like this:

bearing beams;
lags;
boardwalk;
clean floor.

When installing a basement floor or overlap of the last floor, when they come into contact with cold air, insulation is laid between the logs. In this case, it becomes necessary to install a vapor barrier layer from the warm air side and moisture protection from the cold air side.

An important point is the fastening of the load-bearing beams to the walls. The depth of support is taken at least 12 cm. When materials of different structure come into contact, it is necessary to provide a layer of waterproofing: the ends of the beams are covered with a waterproofing material. As waterproofing, you can use:

bituminous mastic;
roofing material;
roofing felt (outdated material);
hydroisol;
linocrome.

The beam should not be rigidly fixed. Sometimes for this, a bevel at an angle of 70 degrees is provided at the end.

To evenly distribute the load, small wooden plates are installed under the bearing points of the beam. They should be wider than the support bar.

Beams are installed simultaneously with the construction of the walls. First, you need to lay the extreme elements and check their evenness using a building level and a straight long board. After making sure that it is horizontal, the remaining bars are mounted.

With proper installation and careful processing of wooden horizontal elements, a very long service life and high reliability can be achieved. For a house made of aerated concrete, this type of structure will be an excellent solution at a reasonable price.

Modern private houses often have more than one floor. The reason for this is simple - a smaller basement area, which means a lower construction cost, with a decent total area of the whole house. The presence of more than one floor near the house requires the arrangement of interfloor ceilings. And this is in addition to the attic, if you are not going to arrange an attic instead of an attic.

Houses built from different building materials require an individual approach. Therefore, there are several methods for installing floors. And thanks to new materials, new types of them have arisen.

Overlaps: what are they and how they differ

For houses made of aerated concrete, there are two most suitable types of floors - reinforced concrete and wood. Naturally, each of them has its own characteristics, its own advantages and disadvantages, which must be taken into account when choosing the most suitable for you.

Reinforced concrete floors are considered by many to be the most modern and durable. As the name implies, one of the types of reinforced concrete slabs is used for its arrangement. They provide a high level of fire resistance, they are very strong and durable, there are practically no restrictions on the length. Plates made of this material do not particularly suffer from high humidity. And, importantly, they have a low price.

Although, of course, this type of floor has disadvantages. This is, firstly, the high weight of the slabs. They are heavy and large, which must be taken into account when laying the foundation and erecting walls. Due to the same weight, it is difficult to lay them on your own - it is practically impossible to do without special equipment and assistants. In addition, if you do not make an additional concrete or brick distribution belt under the slabs, then they can violate the integrity of the walls. Reinforced concrete requires additional insulation.

By the type of slabs, reinforced concrete floors are divided into:

Made from conventional hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs;
Monolithic.

Ceiling made of hollow reinforced concrete slabs

Hollow reinforced concrete slabs give greater lightness to floor structures

Hollow reinforced concrete slabs are made from heavy grades of concrete, but they are lightened with the help of special air chambers-voids, usually in the form of a cylinder. Sometimes these voids significantly reduce the weight of the slabs.

Among their advantages are:

Great lightness of the whole structure. As already noted, air chambers allow to reduce the weight of each slab, which has a positive effect on the level of load on the foundation and walls;
Great strength. The voids not only have a good effect on the weight, but also on the strength of the concrete. They create a frame that increases the durability of the material;
Simplified installation. Due to their lower weight, these plates are installed quickly and with minimal effort;
No restrictions on the shape of the bases. Thanks to hollow floor slabs, even the most complex shapes can be made in the house;
Aesthetics. One of the important problems is the location of communications so that they are less visible. In hollow core slabs, they can be placed inside chambers.

The main disadvantage of these slabs in comparison with other options for reinforced concrete floors is just their strength. Yet they are less durable than, for example, monolithic slabs and are more susceptible to moisture and temperature changes.

Slabs made of monolithic slabs have the highest load-bearing capacity

Monolithic floors are distinguished by the greatest strength, but the payment for this is their great weight, the largest of all reinforced concrete slabs. The strength of monolithic slabs is achieved through the use of stiffening ribs and two-layer bonds.

Of the advantages of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, it is worth noting:

High strength. Their bearing capacity is the highest of all types of reinforced concrete slabs;
Ease of manufacture. In order to make such a plate, you do not need special shapes or special technological skills. Often they are made right on the construction site;
Simple installation.

But all these advantages come next to disadvantages that may seem significant to many:

The need for formwork and supports. Although they can be rented, these are still additional costs. In addition, both the formwork and the supports are rather cumbersome;
Stopping construction at low temperatures. Monolithic concrete cannot be produced when it is cold, which in the domestic climate significantly reduces the time when it is possible to build a house;
Freezes for a long time. Pauses in construction will also have to be made due to the fact that monolithic slabs require a long solidification period;
Low level of sound insulation. The sound permeability of such slabs is very high;
High cost. The production cost may be too high.

Wooden floors: what is it?

Wooden floors can be erected without the involvement of expensive equipment

Wooden floors are the most traditional type. When erecting them, we use a material that we have presented quite widely, environmentally friendly and quite durable - wood.

They are lighter than reinforced concrete. And this eliminates the need to build a particularly powerful foundation, which is not necessary in itself when using aerated concrete as the main building material. Their undoubted advantage is that you can build them yourself, and there is certainly no need to involve expensive equipment.

Wooden floors: construction

Arrangement of interfloor ceilings requires a particularly careful approach to calculating the cross-section of beams. The fact is that the load on them can be quite high - these are people, furniture, and communications - and it must be taken into account. I-beams are often used as the main material of the supporting base. In addition to them, ordinary or glued beams are used.

Beams are laid in increments of 60 cm to 1.2 m. It all depends on their section - the smaller it is, the smaller the distance between them. The optimal length is considered to be no more than six meters, otherwise the deflection may be greater than the required one in 1/300 of the span length.

When calculating the parameters necessary for the beams, do not forget that their length should be about 30 cm longer than the span length, since they go into each wall by 15 cm.

In addition to beams and boards, the construction of a wooden floor in an aerated concrete house provides for the presence of a reinforcing belt.

Wooden floors: fasten to the walls

Beams need to be laid in niches on a reinforced concrete belt, doing this perpendicular to the bearing walls. Before fixing the beams in the niches, the latter are covered with a waterproofing material. An ordinary roofing material with bituminous mastic, or a modern self-adhesive membrane can act as a waterproofing layer.

An ordinary roofing material can act as a waterproofing layer.

The beams are attached to anchor plates or pins installed when the reinforcing belt is poured. Also, instead of them, it is permissible to use steel corners on self-tapping screws and dowels. Between the ends of the beam and the walls of the niche, which it is laid, there must be a gap of at least 2 cm, but not more than 3 cm. This gap is necessary in case of thermal expansion.

At the end ends, an incision is made at 60-70 degrees. It is done so that the wood "breathes" and moisture does not linger in it.

These ends are covered with an antiseptic, for a length of at least 75 cm, but it is important that it is not oil-based. All seams are filled with sealant to prevent rotting. And in the remaining space between the end of the beam in the niche and the wall, insulation is placed.

Beams running along the walls should not be placed right next to them. Between them and the aerated concrete blocks, you need to leave a gap of up to 3 cm, which is filled with sealant and insulation.

Wooden floors: interbeam space

A layer of insulating and warming material is laid on the roll

The inter-girder space is filled only after all work on the installation of the beams has been completed. Boards up to 50 cm thick are well suited here. For rolling, they are nailed from below to the beams. It is possible to make shields from such boards along the cranial bars, but if you use I-beams, then there is no need for them.

On the roll, you need to lay a layer of insulating and insulating material, at least 10 cm thick. It's not only about keeping warm, but also about sufficient sound insulation.

Then you can start arranging the floor. For the floor, wooden logs are nailed to the beams for a start. The rest depends on the type of flooring. If it is planned to be wooden, then the boards are laid directly on the logs, but if we are talking about linoleum, laminate or parquet, then first it is worth equipping a continuous leveling coating. Plywood or chipboard are suitable for him. The roll from the bottom can also be hemmed with plasterboard, clapboard or some other material, depending on what the ceiling should be.

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt: something you can't do without

One of the most important parts of the floor structure is a monolithic reinforced concrete belt

One of the most important parts of the structure of floors in aerated concrete house is a reinforced monolithic belt. The main task of this belt is to distribute the load from the floors and the roof. Due to the special importance of this belt, it is sometimes also called a ring beam.

For the arrangement of the belt, reinforcement and concrete of the M200 brand are needed. It is best to use steel rods and staples as a reinforcing element. The diameter of the rods should be about 8 mm, and the diameter of the staples should be 6 mm.

Brackets for connection, rods are installed at a distance of 15 cm from each other. Then they are placed inside the formwork.

I use U-shaped aerated concrete blocks as formwork. The exact position of the reinforcement inside the blocks is ensured by spacers. When they are installed and secured, it is time for concreting. But in front of him, you need to moisten the walls of the formwork.

Concrete for a monolithic belt must be laid in layers, each of which is well compacted with a trowel. The metal, especially at the bottom, should be tightly filled with material. Once the ring girder is completely ready, all excess concrete should be removed as quickly as possible. If there is protruding gravel, then it is drowned in the filler. The concrete will harden for about three days. For the construction of walls, a thin layer of mortar is applied to the belt.

General requirements for the construction of wooden floors

The construction of floors is a responsible business. It is necessary to monitor their strength, ability to withstand loads. Also, different types require different approaches. But, if we are talking about a house made of aerated concrete blocks, then there are a number of requirements that must be taken into account:

Overlappings can only be laid on a reinforced monolithic reinforced concrete belt to distribute the load;
They should not rest on either internal structures or external walls. For this, the first must be below the external load-bearing walls;
To hold the supporting structures of the floor, reinforcing bars are installed, which are anchored. The length depends on the type;
A gap is left between the floor beams and blocks in the niches, which is filled with waterproofing materials;
The length of the beams should not exceed 6 m, and the height and width are calculated based on the span and the expected load.

Wooden floors for a house made of aerated concrete blocks are the most suitable option both in case you build with your own hands and if you hire builders. Their installation is much easier than reinforced concrete ones. The result is less and cost. Plus, thanks to the lightweight construction, you don't have to spend on a solid foundation.

The choice in favor of wooden floors is a choice in favor of accessibility, strength and durability. This is a modern choice because wood is a natural material. It is not for nothing that today they are more and more often preferred again. You can read reviews about wooden floors on the forums.

Video

Watch a video about the construction of timber floors