House on a metal frame. Houses from a metal profile: what is it and how to build

Erecting own house, every owner wants it to be reliable, comfortable and at the same time be inexpensive. Today, there are many ways to build residential buildings, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Metal frame houses are also offered on the market, and some choose this type of structure. But what advantages does it have, what should you think about before deciding on this acquisition, and how do the owners of such mansions respond?

What does the term "frame house" mean?

The frame structure has several layers, like a pie. Externally, the building may look different. It is sheathed with siding, clapboard or other materials that can withstand bad weather and temperature changes. But the main thing in such a structure is the house, which is made of durable outer skin insulation is necessarily laid, so such buildings are used as shops, baths, summer cottages and, of course, for housing.

House project: price and design

Even before construction begins, it is important to decide on the project. There are two options here: you can order an individual drawing for your future home, or you can choose a ready-made one from the catalog. The second option will cost much less, because you do not have to pay for the work of engineers. In addition, the construction itself will begin faster, because you do not have to wait until the personal project of the house is made and adjusted. Price for finished drawing depends on the size of the building and its complexity. So, for example, the project of a small cottage with two floors will cost about 1000 euros.

Construction assembly

You need to make a reservation right away that it is very difficult to build a house from a metal frame with your own hands. Without skills and experience, this is impossible. Since the whole structure is rather thin-walled, it requires secure fastening of all. The sheathing can also be securely fixed. Also, the profile is the basis of the walls in the building itself, and it is necessary for installing windows and doors. It can also be noted here that the cost of a metal frame, together with fasteners, is approximately 160 thousand rubles of the Russian Federation per set. After the installation of the frame, the facade is sheathed, for this a profiled sheet is used. To maintain a comfortable temperature in the building, insulation is laid layer by layer on the walls and ceilings. In such a design, waterproofing elements are necessarily present. From above, this building is closed with external panels.

Advantages of metal frame structures

Of course, such houses have many advantages. These include:

• fast frame, as well as completely the entire building. Only a couple of months pass from the moment of ordering to its commissioning;
• appearance the buildings are decent and modern;
• a house can be built by a team of four people, and this saves money on attracting labor;
• it is very easy to perform thanks to the even and thoughtful frame of the entire building;
• ease of construction means that it will not be necessary to prepare a powerful foundation, and shrinkage will be negligible;
• in operation, this structure is economical, since it is easy to heat it;
• metal frame houses are durable;
• usually in the work are used environmentally friendly construction and Decoration Materials, so the building does not "emit" harmful chemicals;
• such a building is able to withstand in seismically unstable zones. Due to the "elasticity" of the frame, the house can withstand shocks up to 9 points;
• according to approximate estimates, the building can stand for more than a hundred years;
• this method of construction allows you to embody various design ideas;
• houses from a metal frame are easy to repair, and at the same time a lot of money will not be spent;
• due to good sound insulation, extraneous noise from the yard does not penetrate into the house;
• construction work can be carried out during the cold season.

Does this technology have disadvantages?

It is known that each building has its shortcomings. What can alert a person who is thinking about such a home? Insofar as we are talking about the entire system of such construction, you can pay attention to the material of the frame. It is made of galvanized steel, which itself has good thermal conductivity and a tendency to corrosion, which is very dangerous for a thin structure. But manufacturers claim that they were able to compensate for these shortcomings with various compositions with which the metal was processed. It is also worth noting that metal frame houses must be built by professionals. If errors are made during assembly, the entire structure will soon collapse. Therefore, it is important to note that it will not be possible to save on the construction of a building by entrusting the work to amateurs.

Metal frame houses, as the name indicates, are built on the basis of light and durable metal structures that act as cladding and walls, as well as various claddings, thermal insulation and various protective membranes that protect structures from the effects of the external and internal environment. from the frame differ in that the load-bearing and enclosing-insulating properties of the walls are distributed between different layers and elements, each coping with its specific task. Most often, metal frame technology is used for the construction of public or industrial buildings. In addition, to frame houses this type is often used by architects and engineers to create an unusual exterior or interior of a building. Sometimes parts of the metal frame are left open as a decorative element outside or inside the building.

Types of frame houses

frame houses can be roughly divided into several types.
Houses with a frame made of rolled metal, which are distinguished by the fact that the entire structure is supported by metal columns. This design is durable, but at the same time it is quite light compared to reinforced concrete. For example, most skyscrapers have such a frame at the base. True, the complexity of installation frame structures of this kind and the need to manufacture separate parts and parts (sometimes the whole set) prevent their distribution in private construction. Therefore, houses from a rolling frame are mostly built in cases where you need to create a very original interior or building exterior. Sometimes parts of the frame are left outside the house in the form of a bizarre decor, often of an unusual geometric shape.

Houses with a metal frame made of a lightweight profile

Another type of metal frame houses is lightweight profile houses. The difference of such a house lies precisely in its frame, which is made of steel thin-walled structures. Such structures are similar to metal profiles for installing drywall, only those used for the construction of buildings are thicker and more rigid. Usually, light-weight metal frame houses are quite inexpensive, although they do not have a long service life.

Mobile and modular houses

With some degree of relativity, some types of mobile and modular houses can be attributed to metal-framed houses. Almost all mobile homes are based on a rigid metal frame, and most of the modular houses consist of modules formed by a combined frame made of metal and wood. Therefore, this technology is not very suitable for the construction of capital residential houses. It is better to use it for the construction of garden or guest houses, ancillary facilities, etc.

Warming and finishing

These manipulations are followed by the installation of a windproof film along the outer contour of the building frame, after which it is sheathed with insulation. After installing windows and front door start decorating the façade. In addition, in parallel, they lay the insulation inside the frame of the building, and then the vapor barrier film, as well as drywall, lay the subfloor.

After that comes the phase fine finish. In this case, it all depends only on your imagination and the size of the budget, since a huge variety of finishing materials is available on the market. All! Your home is ready!

Pay attention to how much the appearance of the house depends on the cladding. There is an opinion that metal frame houses do not look very good compared to wooden or brick ones. However, do not forget about the possibilities frame houses, allowing you to experiment with finishes as your heart desires. If necessary, you can even simulate a wooden house! Pay attention to how harmoniously the combination of warm matte looks wood paneling with a cold muted sheen of metal that complements the gloss of large windows and doors.

Stages of construction: foundation and assembly of the metal frame

The process of building a frame building begins at the factory, where ready-made structural parts are assembled, and often already assembled into panels at the factory, which reduces the cost of on-site installation. After summing up the external communications, work begins on laying the foundation. Any kind of foundation is suitable for frame houses made of light galvanized steel. To meet quality standards, it is better to use a shallow slab or strip foundation. Several people are quite capable of assembling the metal frame of a house with an area of ​​​​about 150-200 km2. sq. over a period of 7 to 10 days. If it is necessary to mount panels assembled in advance at the factory, then the duration of work is reduced to 4-6 days.

After mounting the frame, begin roofing followed by the laying of communications.

Distinctive features of frame houses

Frame houses are distinguished by the simplicity of changes in the external and interior design, which is ideal for the construction of attics, additional rooms (for example, bathrooms or dressing rooms), garages, guest rooms and auxiliary rooms etc. If you like experiments with planning, frame houses will allow you to bring your experiments to life, changing the appearance of the facade using different cladding - DSP, artificial stone or brick.

Typically, the thickness of the walls of a metal frame house is no more than 25-30 centimeters, which allows you to increase the usable area inside the house. One of the main factors is the relatively low cost of building frame houses and the fairly fast construction speed. On average, the complex of works takes from 1 to 4 months, and due to the peculiarities of the technology, the installation of structures can be carried out throughout the year and even at sub-zero temperatures.

Disadvantages of metal frame houses

There is an opinion that frame houses are fire hazardous due to the use of many synthetic materials. In addition, such houses are quite light and can easily become a victim of a strong hurricane. The life of a frame house is not very long - 30-50 years, however, it is much easier to repair than, say, a brick or wooden house, which makes it much easier to replace protective films, heater, etc. In addition, frame buildings have a low heat capacity and often do not meet environmental standards.

Advantages of metal frame houses

Frame houses are practically not subject to obsolescence, as their facade can be easily altered depending on modern fashion. In addition, metal frame houses make it possible to realize the most different variants façade planning and finishing facing brick, plasters, wall paneling, finishing stone, siding and their combinations. The technology for building frame houses is quite affordable and you will not have problems finding a contractor. Moreover, this technology is relatively easy, so that the most talented builders among us, in principle, can cope with the construction on their own, especially since the construction of a frame house requires very little time and absolutely no heavy equipment. In addition, houses made of a metal frame are distinguished by the absence of shrinkage, which will allow you to immediately carry out Finishing work and move into such a house. And the last - frame houses are very earthquake-resistant and can withstand loads up to 9 points on the Richter scale.

Futuristic restaurant

An excellent example of the possibilities of a metal frame for creating whimsical images of complex designs. As we mentioned above, metal frame technology is ideal for the construction of non-residential buildings, like this restaurant on the coast. If she can handle such unusual shapes, then how can she not cope with an ordinary private house?

The building is a combination of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame and metal structures and is a complex engineering structure with the most modern views engineering support. The restaurant includes three halls: a panoramic hall for 50 seats, with glass walls and a hardened Triplex floor, a summer terrace for 110 seats located at an altitude of 15 meters above the water level and an underwater hall for 90 seats with porthole windows, located in the underground part , where all the production and engineering facilities of the restaurant are located.

The welded frame of a metal building is a durable and strong internal frame of the structure. The benefits of such frame structures from metal - lightness, strength, relative simplicity, high rates of manufacture and installation, mobility and independence from the access road to the place of installation and installation, ease of embedding in any space. The metal frame of the building is perfectly compatible with the simplest block and pile foundation, and is also easy to complete, configure and rebuild. The material of the metal frame of the building is a profile pipe, less often a corner and a channel are used.

The metal frame of the building includes bottom harness, top harness and racks between them. AT metal frame it is very simple to provide doors, openings, windows and metal roof and floor lathing. A metal frame building can be sheathed with corrugated board, wood, sandwich panels. The metal frame is very easy and convenient to sheathe and insulate. metal frame for building

Advantages of buildings from a metal frame:

• Buildings erected using metal frame technology are distinguished by their low cost (when compared with buildings built using traditional technology). The cost of construction mainly depends on the materials used. The cheapest by far are houses on wooden frames. The cost of houses with a frame of profile pipe much more, and their price is directly proportional to the cross section of the pipe. Indeed, for example, bending a profile pipe is a rather laborious operation, and it is not cheap.
• High speed of erection of a metal frame building. The use of profile for the frame as the main material can reduce the construction time of the building several times.

• The absence of so-called “wet” processes in the technology of building residential buildings using a frame (except for laying the foundation). This allows the installation of a frame building at any time of the year and regardless of weather conditions.
• Do-it-yourself manufacturing of metal structures provides for the absence of any shrinkage - not only during construction, but also during the operation of the structure.

Construction of a house with a frame from a profile pipe

When a house is created from metal structures by working with your own hands, then the most optimal solution will use a frame from a profile pipe. Despite the apparent simplicity, such a frame will have enough complex structure. Be sure to have a foundation that will be lighter than conventional construction. Here it is worth paying attention to the fact that without a foundation, structures can be created that will later move from one place to another, for example, greenhouses or greenhouses.

In this case, appropriate adjustments should be made to the calculation of the profile pipe. Usually, profile pipes of square section with a size of 60x60 or 100x100 mm are used for the frame of a residential building. You can determine the dimensions of the pipe more precisely by knowing the dimensions of your house and using the profile pipe calculator. carried out outside the production premises must be carried out in compliance with all necessary safety requirements.

We produce frame elements from profile pipes as follows:

1. We take pipes and, if necessary, cut off from them the part that is needed for the installation of the structure.
2. We bend the pipes if they need to be given an arcuate shape, having previously calculated the radius of curvature. This operation can be done with special tool- a manual pipe bender, or contact a specialized workshop where the pipes can be bent to pipe bending machine.
3. The resulting frame elements are welded according to the requirements of the drawing for the metal structure.

For interior decoration the most optimal solution would be to use a grooved board made of coniferous wood, having a width of 40-60 mm. The board must be treated with antiseptics and antipyretics (substances that reduce the combustibility of wood). For the subfloor, you can use a board laid on top of the logs from the same profile pipe. Any profile coating can be laid over the subfloor. As a heater, extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 60-100 mm is not bad. And the racks of the frame from the profile pipe can be additionally insulated with foam insulation strips.

For exterior decoration, you can use siding or facade plaster, and if finances allow, then natural wood. Proper handling metal pipes allows you to make a roof from them not only as a separate structure, but also as a frame element. Calculation of a profile pipe for manufacturing roof rafters is carried out taking into account the planned roofing: light and with a large angle of the roof allows the use of thinner pipes.

Construction of a metal frame for the construction of a garage

When creating from metal structures, working with your own hands, you need to take into account the fact that this design must be very rigid, durable and stable. A corner of a large section can serve as a material for the frame. It is better to fasten the frame elements by welding, but you can also use a wrench-bolt connection by drilling holes for fasteners with a puncher.

The assembly of the metal frame must be carried out at the construction site. First, the lower frame is mounted, which is attached at the corners to the pins protruding from the foundation - this ensures its immobility. Then installed corner posts connected at the top by ceiling girders.

Do-it-yourself metal structures are installed along the back and side walls vertical racks, which will ensure the rigidity of the structure and will serve as a crate for mounting wall cladding. Between the posts there should be a distance equal to the width of the sheathing sheet, or be slightly less by 3-5 cm if installation with an overlap is provided.

“What they just don’t come up with!” - perhaps this is the first thought of most readers who first encountered such a concept as frame houses made of metal profiles. The use of metal as load-bearing structures seems a rather strange decision, but do not rush to conclusions - study all sides of the issue.

Houses made of metal - is there any experience?

Metal products as load-bearing structures have been used for a very long time, numerous shopping centers skyscrapers are prime examples of this. True, the technologies and materials used in the construction of such large facilities do not at all justify themselves in private housing construction - metal-rolled products are very heavy, bulky, for connection individual elements they use special welding and riveting technologies; you cannot build such a house with your own hands.

Everything changed when light steel thin-walled structures were invented - further LSTK. For such structures, only thin steel sheets, formed into a Z-profile with through grooves or perforations, which should trap the cold. This type of LSTK is also called a thermal profile, and if we talk about private construction, then it is advisable to use only it.

Of course, no matter what tricks manufacturers come up with, metal remains a material with high thermal conductivity. This fact in most cases scares away people who sort through the options for frame houses. The problem is solved by high-quality thermal insulation, which is a multilayer cake. The calculation of insulation, the determination of the dew point should be carried out only by specialists with extensive experience, otherwise you risk getting a lot of problems when operating the house.

The second point that scares off consumers is metal corrosion. Without going into details chemical reactions, we all know that metal rusts, including steel. The formation of rust directly affects the strength of the metal structure, in our case, the strength of the "skeleton" of the house. This problem was solved by hot galvanizing, thanks to which metal constructions get a protective shell with a thickness of 20 microns. At correct installation and providing reliable protection from moisture, it can extend the life of metal up to 100 years!

The advantages of a metal frame - does the tree rest?

Metal frame houses are a technology that is unlikely to displace wood from. The maximum that is destined for them is to develop in parallel. And this is completely justified - that of metal, that of wooden frames there are disadvantages and advantages. Perhaps, it is in this comparison that it is best to consider metal-frame houses - how are they better and worse than wooden ones?

Metal, as mentioned above, has a high thermal conductivity - wood is much better in this regard, it itself is a heat-insulating material, participating in general scheme home insulation. In a metal frame structure, there is no hope for the frame - all thermal protection tasks fall on the insulation and sheathing.

In completely wooden house, built with your own hands, to live more comfortably. The tree breathes, filling the air with aromas. However, this living material has a lot of enemies - woodworms, moisture, fungus. Of course, today there are many ways to protect yourself from all these factors, but this results in high costs. These enemies are not afraid of metal, except, perhaps, moisture, although the processes in both cases will proceed at different speeds in favor of the metal.

However, there is another side of the issue - modern house too much household appliances, which affect the frame, magnetizing it. This can affect the well-being of especially sensitive residents. The light weight of LSTC (up to 50 kg per m 2) allows you to build a house with your own hands on the lightest foundation. Even on heaving soils, which do not allow the use of recessed foundations, you can build a large spacious house. The metal frame is devoid of such shortcomings of wood as shrinkage and shrinkage.

The accuracy of mounting the elements of the metal frame is always on top. Thanks to this, time, labor and, as a result, finances are saved - construction from LSTC is cheaper. Cheaper and the cost of the elements themselves.

Disadvantages of a metal frame - forewarned is forearmed!

Oddly enough, but a metal frame during a fire behaves much worse than a wooden one. You should not think that using metal in construction, you will protect yourself more than in the case of wooden beam- fires in most cases start outside (set on fire) or inside the house (malfunction of household appliances), where there are many materials that will catch fire and burn out - furniture, things, decoration.

The main thing is that during a fire all residents can successfully evacuate - the more time they have before the collapse of the house, the higher the chances! So, a metal frame significantly reduces the evacuation time - with high temperatures the skeleton of the house loses its rigidity, which is why the house spirals, falls, warps. The tree in the process of burning keeps the house from destruction much longer - the timber is charred, but keeps its shape inside.

Another drawback that is detected almost immediately during the design and operation process is the difficulty in installing built-in furniture and appliances. By default, the metal frame does not have a rigid, reliable base to which it would be possible to mount the shelves with your own hands, or install massive cabinets and canisters on top. So the builders, together with the owners of the house, must determine in advance the places that will need to be reinforced with additional profiles and platforms from the boards.

The bearing capacity of LSTK significantly limits the number of storeys and the use of heavy building materials. Do not use heavy ceramic tiles, install a fireplace on the upper floors. In the latter case, it is generally difficult to combine steel profiles with structural materials (brick, cement).

An important point is the protection of the house structure from industrial currents and atmospheric discharges. Metal profiles are excellent conductors of electricity, and therefore can be dangerous for the inhabitants of the house. This problem is solved by the potential equalization system, the calculation and installation of which is the lot of professionals.

Installation of LSTK - we collect the designer!

Building a house from LSTK is really like assembling a construction set for children. Before installation, a project of the future home is created - all the little things are thought out in the project, up to where the furniture will be installed and Appliances. It is highly desirable that, in addition to the drawing, a 3D project of the house be developed - so the customer will see the house with his own eyes.

After clearance project documentation drawings are transferred to the production line. Frame parts are made individually, numbered, packed and sent to the construction site. Finished profiles already have holes for fasteners and engineering communications. Connecting elements also come in a complex.

It is more difficult with a thermal profile - in most cases, builders are offered ready-made sizes and shapes, which should be taken into account when designing. It is best not to change the existing length, do not cut or shorten anything. In any case, each item is packed and labeled according to the drawings of the house project. Builders do not have to select parts - they just need to fasten the profiles with their own hands, according to the marking individual parts. This approach significantly speeds up the construction process.

The construction of LSTK is of increasing interest among modern consumers, due to one important advantage - the possibility of free planning. Light trusses allow you to create spans up to 14 meters long without additional elements in charge of support. The rooms inside the house are very spacious, free, filled with air.

It should be remembered that what more room, the more difficult it will be to heat them, respectively, the better it is to insulate the walls with your own hands. Non-combustible mineral wool boards, as well as moisture-resistant polystyrene foam, ecowool have proven themselves best. LSTC, although not very friendly with other structural materials, is easy to finish, whether it is a block house that imitates a rounded log, or porcelain stoneware, which will give the building the appearance of a solid structure.

Frame houses are popular in recent times and the materials used to make them are varied.

The main criteria underlying the selection building materials- it is sufficient strength, durability, safety for human life, water resistance, heat protection, and high resistance to. The standard option is . In houses frame type about 85% of the inhabitants of European countries and the USA live with metal profiles. In the regions of Russia, a steel frame was previously used in the construction of industrial facilities, warehouse hangars and workshops. To date, it is most often used in the construction of residential buildings.

The basis of this type of houses is completely produced from metal. From it, the frame of all floors is made, as well as. The thickness of the profiles used, and their shape is different for each specific case, because they experience different external loads.

These buildings have certain features:

• lightweight metal frame for the house greatly reduces the weight of the building;
• accelerated construction time: due to the straightness of the steel profile, you do not need a level, a special square, a plumb line and a drill;
• Reliable insulation protects against thermal shocks.

As a rule, the space between all wall panels filled with foam concrete or aerated concrete. You can use polyurethane foam insulation. To do this, use a certain method of spraying.

The space that we filled should form a special dense layer that reliably and efficiently retains heat. It is necessary to fill with foam all the cavities inside the metal profiles, and that's it. problem areas. insulation material have to go High Quality and when solidified form a dense coating.

For clearance frame walls houses use all common finishing building materials.

For their decor, you can use only painting, as well as plaster. original solution will finish under natural stone.

Use also finish silicate or decorative brick, .

The cost of a frame house from a metal profile

The cost of a house with a metal frame will consist of the cost of the following important indicators:

• project;
• materials;
• construction and installation works.

When buying a certain assembly of a house, the price will decrease due to the exclusion of an individual development of a plan. But the standard common project has its own price. The cost of building materials and works does not exceed the price of wooden houses.

For example, cost two-story house 6x6 m of panels with a rough finish will cost about 700 thousand rubles. If you choose to assemble it yourself, you can significantly save.