How to insulate ventilation in a private house. Insulation of ventilation pipes and air ducts: materials and technology

It happens that a newly created ventilation system in a private house in the summer works flawlessly, pleases with efficiency and presentability. However, with the advent of winter, the homeowner suddenly discovers that a small amount of frost appears on the outside of the air duct. It is not difficult to guess that this is a signal for action, otherwise, after a relatively short period of time, the pipe will begin to collapse. As a result, a serious material resource will be required to fix the problem. And, if you react in time, then you just need to buy a heater for ventilation, which can be fixed without special efforts on one's own.

What happens if you don't insulate

The appearance of frost and ice on the outer surfaces of the ventilation pipe indicates that condensate accumulates inside the duct, which is fraught with:

rust on galvanized pipe;
depressurization of the ventilation system;
reduction of the area of the flowing part of the air duct;
decrease in quality indicators of air exchange;
moisture penetration into the middle wall structures and ceilings between floors, etc.

In a word, poor ventilation in winter will lead to physical deterioration of the entire building. Moisture on the walls of the ventilation passages will form the more, the greater the difference between the temperature indicators of the air flows moving through the pipes and the air outside (on the street). Hence the positive answer to the question of whether it is necessary to insulate exhaust pipe ventilation in a private house?

Solving a set of problems with the help of insulation

The ventilation “set” includes a list of equipment for supplying and removing air flows that maintain the required microclimate characteristics inside the premises. This also includes air ducts: transport air "arteries" passing from the side of the street and indoors.

In order for the air channels to have the necessary strength indicator, the necessary cross-country ability, their proper insulation is required. For this, norms are adopted that ensure sanitary and epidemiological stability in residential buildings. Do not neglect the requirements building regulations and norms in terms of heating, organization of ventilation and air conditioning, as well as the use of thermal insulation and protection of buildings from heat losses.

Insulation of ventilation in a private house solves the following tasks in a complex:

does not allow the moisture that has fallen out of the air to settle on the surfaces of ventilation structures;
increases the resistance of structures to fire;
helps to reduce heat loss;
"quenches" the high generating frequencies of sound and vibration vibrations.

Criteria for choosing insulation for ventilation insulation

You need to know how and how to insulate pipes for ventilation. The preference in the choice is given to the indicator thermal resistance material. The main role of the insulation is to bring the temperature on the surface of the pipe to the maximum amount of air leaving it. In this way, condensation can be avoided. For this purpose, materials based on mineral fiber (stone and mineral wool, fiberglass), foam elastomers, and polyacrylates are used: polystyrene - a product of styrene polymerization, polyurethane, etc.

Insulation based on metal and glass threads obtained from inorganic components is supplied to the trade network in the form of plates or rigid (semi-rigid) rolled materials. The choice is simplified by a wide range of heaters with different densities, prices and thermal insulation characteristics. Undeniable advantage mineral wool insulation in rot and fire resistance.

Attention! If you do not know how to insulate the ventilation pipe in the attic, especially if it is not heated, use special sections of mineral wool to outer cladding especially for pipes. At the same time, the inner surfaces of the sleeves are insulated with fiberglass treated with a special impregnation.

Arguments in favor of internal and external insulation

Insulated pipes for ventilation are either lining from the inside or external insulation. Each method is characterized ambiguously.

Interior finish:

it is more difficult to carry out work inside the duct, but the insulation itself is protected from external temperature, mechanical influences;
laying the layer inside will lead to a decrease in the useful working section of the duct, which requires preliminary work to increase it;
interior decoration must be airtight and vapor-tight so as not to absorb moisture from the air;
the surface of the insulation should not be rough so as not to interfere with the movement of air through the pipe.

External pipe protection is easier to install, but also only in a vapor-tight version. At the same time, it is necessary to foresee how to insulate the ventilation exhaust pipe that rises above the living space, and what kind of hydraulic barrier to make. The outer containment should protect the exhaust structures from mechanical damage. An important requirement for insulation is incombustibility, because. when an open flame appears and contact with atmospheric oxygen, the degree of ignition of the insulation increases significantly. External insulation does not affect the size of the internal section of the ventilation duct and does not require its expansion. Yes, and pathogens (viruses, bacteria), which often occupy inside the walls of the air ducts and, being in isolation, are protected from adverse conditions, do not take root in the insulation layer from the outside.

Pipe insulation: work procedure

When isolating ventilation with a polystyrene shell, the following is carried out:

clarification of the dimensions of the ventilation pipe, in particular, the inner diameter;
making cuts with a knife (you can use a saw);
coverage by fragments of the cylinder (shell) of the pipe, their displacement between themselves by a couple of centimeters;
closing with force of the lock interface "comb-groove" of the parts on the sides.

The structure (shell) is easily installed and dismantled in case of work with the pipe.

Works on insulation with foamed polyethylene in the form of a finished shell of a ventilation pipe are as follows:

withdrawal necessary measurements pipes: so that the insulation tightly fits the surface of the duct;
finding special seam on the capsule and separating it along this seam;
fixing the shell on the insulated pipe;
insulation of joints and seams adhesive method or tape.

Protection from fire-resistant polypropylene or polyurethane foam is performed as follows:

dimensions are determined;
semi-cylindrical segments are cut from a solid workpiece with a margin for the cover layer;
a capsule is formed from the cut fragments around the pipe;
the resulting joints are hermetically fastened with bandages.

If the ventilation opening in the house is in the shape of a rectangle:

a rolled or slab insulation of the required thickness is selected (for example, basalt fiber);
it is cut and cut to size into fragments that are convenient to assemble when facing;
with the help of steel wire, previously calcined, the pieces are fastened together;
seams are hermetically sealed with strips of foil with an adhesive layer applied to it.

Thermal insulation for ventilation by any of these methods, with all the positive aspects, has one weak point - "cold bridges". It is important to prevent violations of the work technology and the prerequisites for their formation during the installation process. To do this, the joints between the ventilation ducts and the structures of the house are especially carefully isolated, otherwise the effect expected from the insulation will decrease.

The arrangement of the exhaust system in moderate climatic conditions requires a separate approach to solving the problem of condensate. For real estate located in a cold climate zone, insulation of the ventilation pipe is one of the prerequisites for normal gas exchange.

Why insulation is required and what can happen if you bypass this issue - this will be discussed.

Each air duct of the ventilation system, working to release heat from the room, requires mandatory insulation. In the cold season, due to the temperature difference between the warm air emitted from the room and the cold air outside, condensate forms inside the pipe. Modern split ventilation systems and similar climatic equipment with "own" air channels have special blocks, counteracting the formation of condensate and removing accumulated moisture.

Ventilation pipes, in most private homes, which are an ordinary piece of metal or plastic, are unable to carry out such a removal of condensate. And the process of formation of dew drops occurs much faster in them. The result is the appearance of wet spots on the floors, frost, accompanied by a decrease in the air channel inside the pipe.

Dampness causes the formation of fungus, creates optimal conditions for the development of pathogenic microorganisms. You can get rid of these troubles by using a heater for ventilation pipes. In this case, it is not always necessary to completely “wrap” the air channel in order to minimize the formation of condensate.

The right approach to insulation

To answer the question: how to insulate a ventilation pipe in a private house correctly and at the same time economically, you should understand the reasons for the appearance of condensate. The temperature difference always leads to the appearance of condensate, but the most abundant release of "dew" is observed in the segment of active contact between warm and cold air. The closer you can move it to the outlet of the pipeline, the less potential danger and damage from condensate will be.

Ventilation in a private house is an indispensable component for maintaining a comfortable microclimate in residential premises. However, along with its positive properties, it is often the main source of heat loss. How to insulate a ventilation pipe in a private house, and what is the best way to use it?

During operation, a small layer of ice can often be observed on the surface of the ventilation pipe. Its appearance is due to the temperature difference between the material of manufacture and the air leaving the residential building. This results in the formation of moisture and the appearance of frost and ice.

Vent pipe icing

If this process is left to chance, then a number of negative factors may appear as a result. They will directly affect not only the integrity and functionality, but can also affect the performance of the entire building. The reason for this is the condensate that forms on the inner wall of the pipe. Its constant presence can lead to the following consequences:

The occurrence of corrosion processes on a galvanized surface. Over time, this can lead to a violation of the sealing of the ventilation system;
Reducing the bore diameter of the pipe. Its gradual icing reduces the actual diameter air vent. As a result, air exchange rates are reduced;
Impact on the walls of the house. Water can penetrate into the wall structure and floors. This will cause an increase in humidity, which will affect the general condition of the house.

The issue of insulation of the ventilation pipe is recommended to be addressed at the stage of building construction. However, this is not always possible. It is often necessary to install thermal insulation layer to an already functioning system.

Material selection

Insulation for ventilation

First of all, it is necessary to choose the right thermal insulation. It must have a number of properties that will subsequently affect operational qualities ventilation system. You also need to take into account the cost of materials and the complexity of installation.

The priority when choosing is the degree of thermal insulation. The main purpose of the insulation is to bring the temperature on the surface of the pipe as close as possible to the degree of heating of the warm air leaving the house. This is the only way to get rid of the appearance of condensate. For this you can use whole line materials:

Basalt wool. The best option for arranging ready-made or just installed ventilation. Its fibrous structure can completely repeat the shape of the air channel. The disadvantage is hygroscopicity - basalt wool gradually absorbs moisture. For protection, it is necessary to install an external waterproofing layer;
Styrofoam shell. It is made only for pipes of round section and a certain diameter. The advantage is ease of installation, good thermal insulation qualities, water resistance (detailed). Polypropylene foam has similar qualities. It differs only in a denser structure;
Foamed polyethylene. It's stretchy polymer material, which can be purchased in rolls or as soft shells. Some models have an adhesive backing for ease of installation.

One of the parameters for choosing a certain type of heat insulator is the thickness of the material. For medium-sized regions of Russia, it is enough to install thermal insulation with a thickness of 20 to 50 mm. The lower the temperature in winter, the greater the layer of insulation must be mounted on the ventilation system.

Installation order

The method of installation of insulation directly depends on the selected material. Scotch tape is used to fasten basalt wool. When installing a ready-made foam shell Special attention is given to sealing the connecting seams.

It is not necessary to mount a heat insulator on the entire ventilation system. It is important to provide an adequate level of protection against exposure negative temperatures on certain sections of the pipeline:

Ventilation outlet to the roof. Here the greatest heat losses occur;
The passage of the highway through an unheated room. Most often this refers to the attic;
Areas of direct contact between pipe and outer wall building.

In all other cases, the installation of insulation is not required. It is important to periodically check the possible presence of condensation on the inner surface. If it appears even after sealing the air ducts, an additional layer of insulation will be needed.

The ventilation system is a complex of equipment, the main task of which is the supply and removal of air in order to maintain the desired microclimate in the room. Among other things, ventilation consists of air ducts. They carry out the transport of air masses. They are located both inside and outside the building. According to regulatory documentation, air ducts must be distinguished by a certain margin of safety, sufficient throughput, and be equipped with sound and heat insulation. Why is it necessary to insulate ventilation ducts?

The feasibility of insulating ventilation wiring

Insulation of ventilation pipes significantly reduces the noise level.

Insulation of ventilation ducts is carried out in order to:

prevent the formation of condensate;
increasing the level of fire resistance of pipes;
reducing the level of heat loss;
reduce noise and vibration when moving air.

Condensation falls on the outside of the ducts due to the temperature difference between the environment and the air moving inside. The latter is always warmer than the former. Condensation leads to corrosion of the metal and its icing in winter time. All this reduces the life of the structure. Noises in ventilation system is the result of the resulting air turbulence and the operation of the fans. Noise reduces the level of comfort in the room. Insulation of ventilation in a private house and office building will help eliminate this unpleasant fact.

Thermal insulation with outside improves fire-prevention characteristics of air ducts, prevents the spread of fire. Proper insulation ventilation in a private house reduces the level of its heat loss. In this case, the heat exchange between warm air inside the ducts and environment.

Today on sale you can find air pipes that are already equipped with thermal insulation materials and do not have an additional layer. How and how to insulate a ventilation pipe in a private house? Choice required material and the progress of work must be carried out in strict accordance with regulatory documentation, namely:

SNiP of 2003 on heating, ventilation and air conditioning;
SanPiN on sanitary and epidemiological requirements in residential premises;
SNiP on insulating materials;
SNiP on the thermal protection of the building.

Without the proper level of training and knowledge, it is not recommended to perform insulation work. To do this, seek the help of professionals.

Lack of or incorrect insulation leads to condensation and corrosion.

inside or outside? How to insulate a ventilation pipe in a private house: inside or outside? Each of the options has its own advantages and disadvantages. So, organizing internal thermal insulation is more difficult from a technical point of view. At the same time, the thermal insulation material here does not need to be protected from mechanical stress. However, when carrying out internal works it is necessary to increase the cross-sectional area of air ducts so that they do not change throughput. The insulation is covered with a hardened, smooth film so that resistance does not increase when moving air masses. Here you will also need a vapor barrier material. Otherwise, the insulation will absorb moisture from the air.

The external thermal insulation of the ventilation pipe is simpler in execution. However, it also needs vapor barrier. Plus, it is necessary to organize a hydro-barrier of the structure protruding beyond the limits of the living quarters, and protection against mechanical stress. External thermal insulation material is a potential hazard in case of fire. It promotes the spread of fire, so you need to choose non-combustible materials. However, using this technique, there is no need to increase the cross section of the ducts.

In any of the proposed options, before insulating the ventilation pipe, it is necessary to calculate the correct thickness of the thermal insulation material.

Thermal insulation material for ventilation

Foam sleeve with external reflective insulation.

What and how to insulate the ventilation pipe? Experts offer the following list of suitable materials:

based on mineral fibers - mineral wool, fiberglass,;
based on polymer derivatives - polystyrene, polyurethane, etc.;
foam elastomers.

Insulation for ventilation ducts based on mineral fibers is sold in the form of rigid or semi-rigid plates and rolls. Their density, and therefore thermal insulation properties lie within wide limits, which greatly simplifies the selection process. You can find mineral wool in the form of pipe sections. They are suitable for external insulation. Ventilation pipe insulation inside impossible without fiberglass, which is coated with a special impregnation.

Foam elastomers are categorized non-combustible materials. They are suitable for external and internal work. This closed-cell material has a smooth surface, and therefore does not create additional resistance to the movement of air masses. It is available in the form of flexible plates and foam. Polymer derivatives can have both open-cell and closed-cell structures. The former are distinguished by good sound insulation, the latter by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. Both species do not rot, fungi and bacteria do not multiply on their surface. They are used for interior work.

Thermal insulation of the exhaust system at home

Thorn-groove lock.

The hood is an essential attribute modern kitchen, bathroom. Through it, excess steam and moisture, which were formed as a result of cooking and using hot water. Due to the large temperature difference between the exhaust air and the environment, condensation forms on the surface of the duct. The metal is corroded. In addition, the accumulated moisture penetrates the material of the walls and ceiling of the room. To prevent the formation of condensate, the duct must be thermally insulated. How to insulate the hood in a private house?

If purchased and installed exhaust system factory-made, it is necessarily equipped with an internal, insulating layer. But this part of the duct remains indoors. Insulation of the hood in a private house, which is located outside the living quarters, can be done with mineral wool.

At the initial stage, the pipe is cleaned of dust, dirt, debris. Further, the pipe is wrapped with a purchased slab or roll insulation. The thickness of the material is calculated from building codes. But in most cases one layer is enough. mineral wool, 5 cm thick. Fasteners are carried out using adhesive tape. In this case, the seams are glued with aluminum adhesive tape. On top of the cotton wool is wrapped with a thickness thermal insulation material 2 cm. All connecting seams additionally glued with adhesive, foil tape.

Insulation of external ventilation. Do I need to insulate the ventilation pipe that runs through the attic? In the case of an unheated attic, insulation work is mandatory. When choosing a material, not only the danger of moisture penetration is taken into account, but also the likelihood of damage to the insulation by rodents. Styrofoams are suitable here. They are produced in the form of a kind of shell, which greatly simplifies installation work.

Insulation of exhaust ventilation is carried out according to the following scheme:

selection of suitable thermal insulation;
its installation;
installation protective cover.

The choice of thermal insulation is carried out according to the dimensions of the air pipe itself. Otherwise, the insulation may not completely cover the surface of the duct or will overlap, which will also adversely affect its protective functions. Further, with the help of a knife or a saw, the shell is cut with subsequent installation.

Modern material is equipped with a tongue-and-groove locking connection. During installation work you can't break it. Otherwise, the insulation will not hold tightly over the pipe.

Warming supply ventilation ends with gluing the joints with a special tape and installing a protective cover. It is attached with bandages.

Mineral wool with foil is ideal.

Air duct work rectangular section . How to insulate exhaust ventilation rectangular section? Here you can use both rolled and board material. Perfect option- basalt fibre. It does not contribute to the spread of fire, does not rot. Disadvantages - vapor permeability and hygroscopicity - are eliminated by installing a hydro- and vapor barrier.

How to insulate ventilation in a private rectangular house? Prepare insulation of the desired thickness. Cut it into easy-to-assemble pieces. As fasteners, calcined, steel wire. To seal the seams, foil, adhesive tape is useful.

Work is performed in the following order:

installation of a heater;
gluing joints;
fasteners with wire;
winding with protective, foil insulation;
fixation of the protective shell.

When working with basalt fiber, be sure to use personal protective equipment.

Basic questions on thermal insulation of the ventilation system

Why insulate the ventilation pipe? Thermal insulation layer prevents condensation on the surface metal pipe which prolongs its service life. Insulation reduces heat transfer between the warm air from the room and the cold environment. Insulation work improves fire safety buildings to prevent the spread of fire. Is it necessary to insulate the ventilation pipes that run through an unheated attic? Experts answer this question in the affirmative. After all, there is a possibility of condensation.

What and how to properly insulate ventilation? Fibrous materials, polymer derivatives and foam elastomers are suitable for insulation work. They are mounted both inside and outside the ducts. Each of the methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. How to do the work correctly, only a specialist will advise. That is why, if you need thermal insulation of air ducts, you need to seek help from real professionals. Professional installation of insulation on the ventilation pipe is shown in the video:

Arrangement of various kinds engineering communications provides for well-known ventilation pipes installed on the roof. This technique has its own special moments and needs strict adherence to all technological processes installation. Usually it is used in a private house. In this way, output channels are equipped for ventilation of rooms, installations sewer riser, attic ventilation.

How to insulate ventilation pipes on the roof, and what materials are best used for this?

Ventilation pipes on the roof should be placed in such a way that the exhaust air can be removed through them without much difficulty. At the same time, its height and diameter are determined based on the required performance.

Note! Most simple view the device is considered to be the output of pipes through the roofing ridge. In this case, the main condition is considered to be correctly performed insulation in order to prevent the formation of condensate.

Without additional insulation, moisture will accumulate on inland areas pipes and flow down the walls, penetrating into all leaky places. This will cause the appearance of damp areas on the walls and ceilings, their premature destruction. Yes, and your air pipes can also suffer from condensation manifestations. To avoid all these unpleasant moments, you should take care of the insulation device around the ventilation ducts.

Which areas need to be insulated?

So, is it necessary to insulate ventilation, and in what places it must be done without fail? The answer suggests itself - insulation should be performed in those places where rapid cooling air masses. The ventilation pipe laid through a solid wall must be passed through a special heat-insulated liner and insulated to the deflector element itself. In private houses, such pipes pass through attics and are brought out through the roof. And their insulation is carried out from the point where noticeable cooling begins. Moreover, it is recommended to slightly move the insulation border towards a warm room. This is in case the frosts are more severe than usual.

Materials for insulation

You should consider all acceptable methods of insulation and choose the most suitable one. It is important that the method we choose meets certain requirements:

Good thermal insulation properties.
Fire safety. The material must not be flammable.
Relatively low cost.

We will analyze only those options when the channels are insulated from the outside. After all, it is not always possible to dismantle the structure, and the inner diameter will noticeably decrease due to insulation. So what is the best way to do this kind of work?

One of known materials mineral wool is considered. It is a cheap option, has one hundred percent fire safety, and is produced in rolls with a layer thickness of five centimeters. But there are also disadvantages associated with labor-intensive work. The fact is that cotton must be wrapped around the pipe, arranged on top protective layer foil or galvanized steel. Work with such material should be carried out in protective equipment that protects the respiratory system and eyes.

During operation, the material is somewhat caked, forming gaps in the insulation layer. If on insulation layer moisture has penetrated, it also loses its properties. The best solution application is considered corrugated pipe, which is based on cotton wool. But this method is good at the zero moment of the construction of ventilation pipes.

A good solution is to use insulation material foam, especially if you purchased a ready-made detachable shell. It remains to put it on the pipe and connect it to each other at the seams. This method gives good thermal insulation, is performed quite simply and without fear for health, is relatively cheap. But at the same time, the material is considered combustible and releases toxins when burned.

You can use the shell of polyurethane foam and polypropylene foam. Such materials are stronger than polystyrene, and are more expensive. In work, they need a bandage, performed by ordinary knitting wire. The manufacturer produces such insulation structures in the form of tubes of various diameters with cuts. Such blanks can only be put on the pipe, and the insulation is ready. The material is cheap, able to withstand moisture and slight mechanical stress.

And another option is self-adhesive material. The way it works is simple - remove protective film on the adhesive side, applied to the pipe and pressed. This material is great for square or rectangular shafts. The layer of insulating material reaches one centimeter. If necessary, it can be used in several layers.

Remember! Depends on the right insulation effective work your ventilation system.

Video

This video will help you understand what and how best to do when equipping the ventilation of a private house: