Technology for the production of furniture boards from birch. furniture board

FEATURES OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF MANUFACTURING FURNITURE BOARD

(SPbGLTA, St. Petersburg, RF)

The article places for consideration key regulations of the technology of manufacture furniture shield, as well as conditions and factors having influence on the quality of treatment of the furniture shield and its gluing.

Furniture board - as the main semi-finished product used in the production of cabinet furniture made of solid wood, stair parts, etc., is the most demanded environmentally friendly material. And at the same time, the process of its manufacture is characterized by labor-, material-, and energy-consuming, in contrast to the manufacturing technology board materials such as chipboard, fiberboard, MDF.

The multi-operational nature of the technological process is due to the specifics of the material itself - wood- as an object of processing, the equipment and materials used, as well as the requirements for the quality of the final product. Wood with anisotropy of properties, different density, structure, flaws, type of sawing significantly affects the choice of technology. There are several schemes of the manufacturing process, but the most common and effective is the so-called "Swedish" technology. But in any case, compliance with the technology, modes, processing parameters is a guarantee of obtaining a furniture board High Quality that meets consumer and operational requirements. As a rule, lamellas in a furniture board are glued to a smooth joint using PVAD-based adhesives with the addition of a hardener, or without it, if this is not specified in the terms of reference. Such binders have a transparent, elastic adhesive seam of high strength, which is necessary for a furniture board, withstand temperature and humidity deformations, and mechanical loads. With the use of these adhesives in the bonding technology, it is possible to use HDTV intensification or conductive heating.

It is necessary to note the following conditions of the technological process, without which gluing a high-quality shield is impossible:

Homogeneity of moisture indicators of lumber drying quality. The final humidity required by the technology (for a furniture board it is 8±1.5%). Such tight limits on humidity are due to operational and technological requirements. The lower one is associated with the gluing process (surface wettability with a binder, absorbency, adhesive penetration), further machining of the shield (calibration, grinding, milling). Overdried wood impairs the quality of its processing, forms chips, peels the fiber, and has low plasticity. Too high moisture content of the lumber to be processed leads to even worse problems when gluing the board, its further sanding and finishing. When planing, the quality of the jointed surface of the lamellas is unsatisfactory due to the formation of hairiness. The high humidity of the lamellas affects the duration of holding in a hot press, the polymerization of the binder and the strength of the glue line. The heterogeneity of the humidity indicators of the quality of lumber drying, especially the differences in humidity over their cross section, as a result of cutting into lamellas, leads to the fact that slats with different humidity, different from the average, get into the assembled shield. This contributes to the appearance of various kinds of deformations. The tendency of the lamellas to reach an equilibrium moisture state in the glued board, when it is kept under certain conditions, contributes to their shrinkage and swelling to varying degrees. Such processes entail either warping of the shield or cracking at its ends during its processing and operation.

Undoubtedly, the uniformity of moisture indicators of drying quality is a key condition for the production of high-quality furniture panels.

The geometry of the slats, i.e. squareness and dimensional stability. For pressing it is very important condition. If it is not observed, proper contact between the bonding surfaces is not ensured, non-adhesion is formed along the entire length of the shield - this is a marriage. The geometry of the lamellas can be achieved by the accuracy of the equipment settings, the qualifications of the service personnel and the technical equipment of the machines on which lumber is processed. Modern equipment allows this requirement to be met, but not always. Slat planing guarantees the geometry, if the knives in the planing drums are set perpendicular to the tables (planing bases) and the clarity of working out the clamps and feed rollers. When using Swedish technology, i.e. planing lumber with simultaneous cutting them into lamellas, the most accurate perpendicularity of the processed edges is ensured, since the saw shaft with the saw set is perpendicular to the tables. The correct positioning of the saw shaft in relation to the tables of the four-sided machine, as well as the adjustment of the clamps, will make it possible to obtain a lamella with strictly perpendicular sides.

The amount of binder applied to the surfaces to be glued (glue consumption). Glue consumption is regulated by the supplier, but is specified by the gluing conditions, viscosity, wood species, its moisture content, application equipment, etc. The average consumption is 120-150 g/sq. m. Insufficient application of the binder is the reason for the low strength of the adhesive joint and, as a result, the sticking of the shield. Consumption too high - it is necessary to increase the holding time, both before pressing and during the gluing process, the productivity of the leading equipment drops sharply. In the technology of applying glue, it is convenient to use the roller method. The upper clamping is adjustable, the lower one is corrugated with grooves, the depth and width of which has certain dimensions. Glue in the process of its application to the lamella should be located on the surface in the form of even strips without gaps.

Pressing pressure. An essential condition for gluing, without pressing pressure it is impossible to ensure proper contact between the surfaces to be glued. Optionally, the pressure must be high in order to prevent deformation of the lamellas in the shield. The criterion for evaluating the pressing pressure is a small amount of glue that has come out on the ends and on the surface of the shield.

The conditions listed above are necessary, not fulfilling them entails serious economic problems for the enterprise. The percentage of scrap is increasing, it is good if it is tracked in the initial operations, and not in the final product at the consumer.

In addition to the basic conditions in the technology of manufacturing furniture panels, there are a number of features that should be mentioned.

First, the duration of technological holdings of the material. There is an opinion that a planed lath should not be in a free state for a long time, more than a day, i.e. everything that is planed should be glued. This is due to the loss of activity of the adhesive surface, namely its oxidation and closure of wood pores. Exposure of the shield after gluing before further machining. German experts believe that a glued shield should be aged for at least 4 hours, some say at least 6. In any case, the boards must be cured, especially after hot pressing, to ensure the relaxation of temperature and humidity stresses arising during the bonding process.

Secondly, the pressing temperature. Temperature is an intensification of the process, for various breeds it should be regulated. For softwoods, the pressing temperature should not exceed 75 - 80 °C. If the lumber was dried without crystallization of the resin, then the high pressing temperature promotes the release of resin on the surface of the shield, and this has an unsatisfactory effect on further grinding (the abrasive is quickly clogged with wood dust along with osmol), the grinding surface becomes wavy and in some cases burns. As a result, it is not the process of grinding as one of the types of wood cutting, but the mashing of wood. Therefore, finishing such a shield with paints and varnishes will be problematic. For hardwoods, especially oak, there is no need for high temperatures. The basic density of oak is much higher than that of pine, and, accordingly, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is greater. In addition to the temperature, the polymerization of the binder is also influenced by the duration of exposure of the panels in the hot press. It is believed that for coniferous species, the holding time is at least 1.5 - 2 minutes for each centimeter of the shield thickness at a temperature on the surface of the press plates of 75 - 80 ° C. For hardwoods, these values should be adjusted depending on the species, its initial moisture content and other factors. Specifically for oak furniture panels, exposure should not be long, as well as high temperatures, since tannin coloring substances are released and, when interacting with a binder, a dark adhesive seam is formed.

Thirdly, when setting up the shield, the condition of the correct orientation of the annual rings in adjacent lamellas, as well as radial, tangential and mixed cuts, especially for oak materials, must be observed. It is impossible to allow slats of different sawing in one shield; it is necessary to perform strict sorting. Failure to comply with these conditions in a place with poor-quality drying of wood entails serious consequences in the operation of such panels. Various shrinkage (swelling) in the radial and tangential directions, when the shields are held under certain conditions, can cause their severe deformation and integrity violation.

In conclusion of this work, the following should be noted, all of the listed features of the technology for manufacturing furniture panels are only a small part. huge question. The answers to which lie in the specifics and eccentricity of the problem under study, since few manufacturers of furniture panels pay due attention to its technology, increase the useful yield during cutting, improve quality, rational use wood - as a product of wildlife.

Such products are a product of complex processing of wood material. The production of a furniture board, during which a monolithic finished product is obtained from individual wooden bars by processing and gluing, allows you to save money and use timber with maximum efficiency.

Scope of furniture board

The products are a safe material, which allows them to be widely introduced in factories as furniture semi-finished products for the manufacture of facades, panels, window sills, cabinets, and shelving.

In construction, shields are used when installing stairs:

steps;
balusters;
railing;
sites;
stringers.

In the interior of children's rooms, corridor kitchens, walls and ceilings are decorated with wooden panel panels. The size of a furniture board is on average from 20 to 40 mm thick, it can change depending on the wishes of the customer.

Softwood processing technology

The raw material for the production of wooden boards is unedged and edged board from coniferous or hardwood species - ash, birch, oak. Most often, material from coniferous species (pine, spruce) is used, it is cheap and can be processed.

The shield is a worthy replacement for an array, due to more efficient use of material, while maintaining quality characteristics, but at a low cost.

Technological operations, as well as control during the manufacturing process, must be strictly observed so that the product turns out to be of high quality, meets the necessary requirements and norms of the standard, and also has an aesthetic appearance.

In the manufacture of shields, several types of boards are used, which allows you to expand the price range for the finished product by breaking it down by grade.

Depending on the area in which the shields will be used, they are made single-layer and multi-layer.

In the first option, bars, slats or boards are glued along the wood fiber, resulting in a shield with a thickness of 15 to 60 mm.

The multilayer product has two front sides and several odd inner layers. They are laid out symmetrically in thickness, and the total height of the lamella is often 70–80 mm.

Stages of production of glued furniture board:

processing (trimming) and sorting of blanks;
identification of defective areas and cutting the workpiece in width;
processing by given parameters with simultaneous removal of erroneous zones;
connecting pieces along the length, applying glue;
product packaging;
elimination of incorrect seams;
final calibration and polishing;
cutting finished material according to given sizes.

Conditions for opening a business for the production of furniture panels

The demand for this type of product is quite high, the production of wooden panels is a good idea to create your own business. For the assembly and sale of small wholesale lots of goods, it is more expedient to open a small workshop, where it will perform longitudinal cutting and gluing of lamellas.

But a profitable option would be to create an object near the forest, where trees are cut down, and there are also sawmills for getting boards and timber. But working with imported raw materials will be a profitable business.

To do this, you need to rent a warehouse or workshop, the structure of which includes:

Administrative premises.
Warehouse with timber and separately - finished products and the territory where the necessary equipment will be installed.
The size of the workshop space often depends on the dimensions of the machine park. To organize your own business, you need to draw up a plan and calculate all the risks.

It is easy to rent equipment for production or take out a loan and purchase used but working machines.

Technical equipment and its features

For the production of furniture panels, the following industrial equipment is required:

Drying chambers for wood preparation - there are vacuum, convective type, aerodynamic.
Universal woodworking machines - Winner Blazer and Warrior units have proven themselves.
Double-sided thicknessers for domestic-made lamellas, as well as Ostermann, GRIGGIO.
Clamps for gluing the shield: fan - from RAUTEK, INDUK, pneumatic - Stromab.

And also installations for optimization of face cutting allow to receive a minimum of waste. There are walk-throughs - for piece processing from Quadro and devices with a Cursal pusher - for obtaining a bunch of boards.

The equipment for splicing along the length allows you to connect short workpieces into lamellas, a feature that makes it possible to transform the marriage into a working material. Automatic, semi-automatic lines, tenoning machines Beaver and OMGA.

Adhesive application systems are used in case of flat surfaces for uniform distribution connecting substance. For gluing the timber, the composition is applied directly on the KM-250 machine.

Designed for cutting materials along and across. There are: with a ball carriage - Ostermann, a roller carriage - FILATO, format-cutting centers - SELCO.

Additionally, in the production, machines are used for artificial aging or brushing of wood. To obtain a unique texture of a furniture board, special abrasive brushes or grinding drums GRIGGIO and domestic models - from Elmediagroup - KS200, KS1 are used.

Benefits and applications

Boards are widely demanded in furniture production, as a finishing material for interiors. Due to the textured texture of wood, products are used for the production of both standard furniture and for individual orders.

Despite a fairly large range of other materials (chipboard, MDF), glued laminated timber products are in demand due to many advantages.

Furniture panels, unlike the array, do not shrink, so the dimensions remain the same over time. This feature allows you to significantly save on the use of the material.

Panel products are environmentally friendly, so they are used as decoration for children's rooms and for the manufacture of teenage and other furniture. The technology of manufacturing wooden boards makes it possible to use wood efficiently, which significantly saves money and helps to save the forest from large areas of deforestation.

The received material acquires decorative look by giving beautiful texture wood using brushing (grinding), which allows the use of furniture boards for finishing various rooms.

Possibility to make a furniture product of any size and thickness, depending on the wishes of the customer. Production of furniture boards - a good idea for a business project, there is a constant demand for such products, especially for high-quality and relatively inexpensive products. Wood details are widely used by craftsmen both for the manufacture of furniture and for interior decoration, also due to the affordable price.

The modern production of glued panels is a business with a short payback period and constant profit. Initial costs will be returned by the owner within the first 6 months, and a wide material base will reduce this figure by half.

Video: Production of furniture board

furniture board is a square or rectangular shaped wood-based material made by gluing together along the width and, in some cases, along the length of planed wooden blocks, with a width of each block from 10 mm to 50 mm. In Ukraine, most of the furniture boards are made of coniferous wood (pine, spruce), and hardwood boards (oak, beech, ash, maple, birch) are also somewhat popular. Furniture panels are used for the manufacture of furniture, decorative elements and building elements, as an environmentally friendly and aesthetically more attractive analogue of chipboard.
The furniture board has been used for a long time and the technology of its manufacture has changed insignificantly over the past 100 years. In the canonical version wooden blocks were compressed together with metal clamps, at present their functions are performed by presses. Sharp increase consumption of furniture panels began in the 70s of the 20th century, when it became possible to mass-produce this product.

Currently, both in the furniture industry and in construction, among glued wood materials, a large number of cheaper analogues of this material have appeared, therefore, wooden boards are used in highly specialized cases, namely:

for reasons environmental safety: furniture board hypoallergenic natural material;
for aesthetic reasons: this natural material with proper processing, it looks more elegant than substitutes;
for reasons of practicality.

Advantages of a furniture board over other board materials:

a) furniture made of wooden panels lasts longer than furniture made of chipboard or MDF;
b) this furniture is repairable: since the tree is homogeneous in its structure, even a damaged piece of furniture can be restored (not replaced, but restored) and it will look like new;
c) wood is a hygroscopic material, i.e. it regulates the humidity in the room;
d) glued board furniture has properties to adsorb harmful substances.

The use of coniferous and deciduous species makes it possible to produce furniture boards of various types and designs with individual textures and various properties. The glued board is divided into quality grades from A to C. The grade is determined by two sides: A/A, A/B, A/C, B/B, B/C, C/C

grade A is selected according to the pattern, even in tone, uniform in texture, without defects (knots, sapwood, etc.);
grade B - without pattern selection, even in tone, uniform in texture, without defects;
Grade C – without selection by pattern, tone and texture, minor defects (knots no more than 5 mm, sapwood). Mechanical damage not allowed in all classes.

In the production of furniture panels, you can get various shield depending on its area of application. There are basically two types here. This is a single-layer glued board, which is also called a massive board, a glued board, or simply a single-layer board. A single-layer shield has a thickness of 14 to 60 mm, made of wooden blanks (slats, boards or timber) with a width of 18 mm, which are glued to each other in one layer parallel to the direction of the fibers.

The second type of glued board is a multilayer board, consisting of two front layers and a desired but odd number of middle layers. The layers must be laid symmetrically in thickness, which determines the positive properties of the multilayer shield. Multi-layer glued board, usually with a thickness of 12 mm to 60 mm (special size up to 75 mm), three- or five-layer, with symmetrical laying and glued from several single-layer boards representing the front and middle layers.

The main stages of the technological process of manufacturing a furniture board are:

1) drying of blanks;
2) transverse cutting;
3) cutting and cutting;
4) preliminary planing;
5) trimming and sorting;
6) splicing;
7) planing;
8) gluing;
9) formatting;
10) grinding;
11) packing

Drying blanks

Drying blanks is the main stage of the technological process for the production of furniture panels. It determines the further adaptation of shield materials to the place of their use. Drying of the material takes place in three stages. The first is the pre-drying of wood in the open air, naturally. The drying time of the blanks depends on the climatic conditions (temperature, air humidity and air movement). Depending on the time of year, there may be fluctuations in climatic factors affecting the duration of drying. On average, wood loses 3-5% of its moisture, and these values vary depending on the type of wood. The second stage is the drying of lumber in a drying chamber under the influence of high temperatures over 100 °C. The most common is the method of convective-chamber drying, i.e. in a room equipped with electric or steam heating batteries with mandatory temperature control and with measurement of humidity inside the drying chamber. Along the access roads, a stack is placed inside the dryer with obligatory gaskets between the layers of the stack. Also, an important point of the drying chamber is the adjustment of the air flows inside, so that the air supersaturated with moisture is constantly drawn out of the chamber. The third stage is the uniform cooling of the wood after evaporation. After the immediate drying process is completed, the wood dries up in places, other areas, on the contrary, are too wet; it is necessary to plan a conditioning phase during which the unevenly distributed residual moisture in the wood is distributed over cross section blanks. This increases the relative humidity of the air, while the temperature in the drying chamber does not change. In addition, stresses in the wood decrease; after conditioning, the dried material must be cooled to a temperature of 30-40 ° C; before the chamber opens, the heating is turned off, but the climate is still maintained. You need to know that after drying and in the future, the percentage of moisture in wood for the manufacture of furniture panels should be 9-11%. Loading blanks into the drying chamber

Cross cutting

Cross cutting, or preliminary trimming, trimming of curvature - this stage of the technological process is decisive for the yield and creation of the cost of raw materials. Here the profit per shield is determined. Cross cut, cut to length and trimming are considered together based on maximum yield and value creation. Thus, for each new board, a sequence of optimizing steps is calculated. Mostly dried and warped wood is subjected to transverse cutting. Lumber after drying often has curvature, twisting, which are difficult to optimize to obtain a greater yield of wood. In order to minimize deformation, the so-called trimming is carried out, which reduces the loss of material during the subsequent processing of the workpieces. For cross cutting, mainly cross-cutting machines with a lower saw are used.

The length of the trimmed sections is chosen in such a way that it is possible to obtain a fixed-length lamella through them and that it is easy to handle. In this case, only large defects are cut out of the workpiece and cutting is performed along the ends. Further technological process cut boards or lamellas have a rectilinear arrangement of fibers directed parallel to the cut edge.

Trimming and cutting

Trimming involves the removal of rounded parts of the board (wane) from the board or timber. Exist different kinds pruning. One of them is parallel cropping. The workpiece is cut in one working pass in such a way that the sides and edges are parallel to each other. In this case, at least one of the two processing units must be adjusted, otherwise the material is not optimized in width. When cutting narrow blanks from edged lumber parallel to the edge, the resulting blanks have a direct arrangement of fibers.

Cutting is the cutting of a wide workpiece (we are talking about lumber) in the longitudinal direction into narrow workpieces. In most cases, the core is cut from the blanks, which is located directly in the center of the log and surrounds the core tube. Thanks to cutting lumber, especially very wide blanks, most of the internal stresses are removed. Thus, an improvement in quality is achieved, the boards crack and warp less. For this technological operation, depending on the size and productivity of the company, both technically simple and very complex machines are used. Simple installations include longitudinal edged circular saws, which, with the help of a processing unit, cut round lumber, separating useful material and slats from wide workpieces.

Preplaning

During preliminary planing, a certain layer is removed from the workpiece that has left the sawmill, which allows visual inspection of the surface. Four-sided preliminary planing is carried out after cutting. It is necessary if all sides are controlled, for example by a scanner, and high requirements are placed on the surface of the material. Beneath the contaminated surface that has come out of the sawmill, it is difficult to determine with the naked eye the defects of the wood, discoloration and the direction of the fibers. For the scanner that is used in the next step with optimizing trimming, fault detection can be difficult due to the poor contrast of the wood.

Trimming and sorting

Trimming or trimming is called cutting blanks to certain lengths. In the production of furniture panels we are talking mainly about the optimization process, in which quality characteristics are taken into account and thus the length of the workpieces is set. The so-called defects of the wood, such as fallen knots, blue stain, pitching, etc., are cut out, as a result, segments free of defects are obtained. Short segments are further connected into blanks of the required length, for example, by splicing on a mini-tenon. The next option is cutting to fixed lengths. In this case, a long board is cut to the required lengths without much consideration for major defects. Some types of wood may not contain defects for several meters. So you can get fixed lengths that do not contain defects. Such blanks are subsequently sorted mainly by length and color. In the production of furniture panels, trimming and sorting are optimizing operations that can be carried out manually or fully automatically.

When processing manually, the recognition of defects is carried out by the worker, who marks the defective place with a fluorescent chalk or laser. The machine reads the marking and makes a cut on this section of the board. The trimmed workpiece is then fed to a sorting station, where it is sorted according to certain criteria.

With full automation of the trimming process, the scanner scans up to four sides of the passing workpiece, captures the material data and transmits it to trimming machine. A cut is made and the workpiece is transported further. At the end of the machine there are sorting sections, which, depending on the sorting criteria, have different lengths. Here, the workpieces are automatically distributed by means of ejectors according to certain criteria. Mainly trimmed sections are optimized and sorted here by color and/or length
Workpiece optimization on a PAUL machine. Left sorted blanks

Splice

Short trimmed blanks with a length of 150-300 mm should not be sorted into waste, they should be fed further into production. For example, to obtain blanks of various lengths that do not contain defects. Butt joints along the length do not have the strength required for stretching and bending. These loads can be taken without any problems with tenon joints;

Splicing on a vertical spike. The vertical spike is cut into vertically arranged lamellas. The jagged profile is visible on the surface of the shield. It finds application mainly in the production of window, construction and structural timber. A package of blanks is subjected to gear profile milling. In some countries and in some industries, a visible vertical spike on the surface of the shield is accepted. Can be found this species connections on products where it is invisible.

Splicing on a horizontal spike. By production of a furniture board, as a rule, connection on a horizontal tenon is applied. A stepped joint is visible on the surface of the shield. A serrated profile is visible on the narrow side. The lamellae are fed horizontally into a continuously running splicing line. Feeding in the longitudinal direction of pressed short blanks spliced onto a mini-thorn is carried out mainly arbitrarily, the location of annual rings is not taken into account.

Planing

Longitudinal milling in order to remove glue sagging, steps between lamellas, and obtain accurate geometric parameters is called planing.

Rectangularity of the lamellas. The individual lamellas must be rectangular, with an angle exactly equal to 90°. The thicker the workpiece, the more critical the squareness. The adhesive line must not be open, otherwise the board will take on a curved or wavy shape after the press, or the adhesive lines will remain open.

Lamella parallelism. When gluing the lamellas into a board, very small inaccuracies in the width of the individual lamellas can add up and lead to the opening of the adhesive seams. At the same time, soft rock blanks in the press stick together better than hard rock blanks. Accuracy is important.

For optimal bonding of planed lamellas into a solid board, the following conditions must be met:

the optimal cutting step is 1.5-2.0 mm (if less than 1.5 mm, there is a danger of a polishing effect; more than 2.0 mm - the consumption of glue increases, a visible glue line appears, the cohesive strength of the glue weakens);
the depth of the pile should be less than 0.1 mm (if more, then the consumption of glue increases, a visible glue line appears, the cohesive strength of the glue weakens).

Gluing

At this stage of the direct production of furniture panels, glue is applied to the narrow side of the finished processed lamellas, and then the lamellas are connected into a shield. Glue is applied to one side of the lamellas. Loading into the press is carried out in a batch way. The lamellae are in contact with each other and are generally pushed mechanically into the pressing area. The press is closed, and the side clamp is activated, leveling the irregularities, at the same time the necessary pressure is applied to the adhesive seams.

Each type of wood must have its own pressing temperature. Recommended blanks should be pressed at low temperatures. Very hot pressing can produce steam. There is a risk of discoloration of the workpieces (steam effect) and the occurrence of cracks in the wood. This applies in particular to recommended wood species such as oak. With prolonged pressing at a temperature of more than 100 ° C, the final drying and shrinkage of the wood occurs. A color change may occur, for example in beech, as a result of the greenhouse effect. A slight temperature difference between the top and bottom hotplates can cause the shield to warp. A temperature difference of 5°C causes the shield to warp. The higher the pressing temperature, the greater the risk of deformation. For the production of oak panels, cold pressing or pressing with high frequency currents is particularly suitable. Oak lamellas, however, at a maximum temperature of 50-60°C are pressed into a high-quality single-layer board. The reason is the short pressing time. At high temperatures, the formation of microcracks is possible, which become visible after varnishing the shield. The surface of the shield dries very quickly, the shield has a tendency to partial long-term warping. Pressing with the use of currents is highly recommended in the production of a massive shield.

In the hot method, heat is applied during the pressing process. By applying heat, the pressing time can be greatly reduced. Depending on the required pressing temperature, warm water is used as a heating medium, hot water, thermal oil. The pressing time is highly dependent on the warm-up time. The larger it is, the longer the pressing process. When using hot water in pipes, the average temperature is 55°C. Hot water heats the wood up to 90-110 °C. Thermal oil in pipes can reach temperatures of 110-130°C

It should be borne in mind that not every heat transfer medium is suitable for every type of wood and every type of glue. PVA glue has thermoplastic properties. When pressed with hot water, the adhesive remains plastic and does not cure. It can only glue at a maximum press temperature of 50-60°C. The pressing time is reduced from 10-30 min. an average of four minutes. Time saving is up to 86%. The urea-based adhesive only cures at high temperatures. A temperature of 60°C or more is required. Warm water temperature is not enough. When using this adhesive, hot water, thermal oil or high frequency currents must be used as a heat transfer medium. The gluing method using high-frequency currents is based on capacitive or dielectric heating in a high-frequency field of alternating voltage. High frequency in the industry is limited to the frequency range of 3-13.56 MHz to avoid faults and superposition of fluctuations - for example, transmitting frequencies from television, radio and military transmissions. Other frequencies require special permission. High frequency currents do not heat the wood. Current seeks the path of least resistance. Since the adhesive has a high moisture content, it heats up more and faster than the surrounding wood (selective heating). In an alternating field, the electrons begin to oscillate, produce friction against each other and thus heat up the adhesive line. Water "boils away". At the end of the pressing process, the seam is completely cured, during the conventional gluing process, a certain time is required for curing.

Formatting

Formatting is called cutting the shield into a final size (length x width). In industrial formatting, various machines can be used. As a rule, a double trimming machine is used in the production of furniture panels.

The longitudinal side when exiting the press is straight and parallel. In the longitudinal direction, the board has an indefinite shift of the lamellas, which makes it impossible to accurately lay on the existing stops. Therefore, the shield is first cut to length. When cutting to length, the end shift of the lamellas is removed and the base surface for cutting to width is reached. After the shield is cut to length, the width is formatted. The result is a rectangular panel with parallel edges, corresponding to the required dimensions.

grinding

Calibration of the shield with removal of adhesive residues, achievement required size in thickness and grinding the surface of the shield to obtain a given purity is called grinding. After formatting the shield, it is transferred to the surface finish by grinding. In this case, the difference in the lamellas is removed. The more precisely the press works, the less material needs to be removed. The service life of the sanding belt is increased and costs are reduced.

When sanding with a wide belt grinding machine The first step of grinding is to make a base plane. First, the so-called contact roller leveling is carried out. The next step is calibration, in which the material is removed to a certain thickness. Finishing is carried out with a sanding shoe, mainly with a grit of 100, but here the wishes of the customers are taken into account.

Package

After grinding, the glued board is wrapped in a heat-shrinkable polyethylene film in order to protect it from dirt and mechanical stress.

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Products are used for the manufacture of wooden furniture, countertops, window sills and stairs. Wood is used as a raw material: oak, ash, larch, pine, linden, beech. Edged timber is glued with special glue. One-piece shield and spliced shield are offered. One-piece - lamellas glued in width, spliced - also in length. Coloring, varnishing available.

In the production of lumber, a board 10-50 mm wide is allowed, grades "Extra", "Economy", A, B, etc. categories. Dry before gluing. The advantages of the product are natural wood, environmental friendliness, durability, beauty. Products surpass furniture with facades made of veneer, chipboard, MDF in terms of characteristics and are inferior only to solid wood products. Spike - open, closed.

The manufacturer encourages furniture factories, wood suppliers and dealers to cooperate. Address, phone, website in the "Contacts" tab. Order delivery - Moscow, regions, foreign countries. Dealers - personal wholesale prices. To order a price list or buy materials in bulk, contact the manager.