External wall cladding material. Sheathing the house outside: materials and technologies

After the construction of a private house is completed, the developer has a question about how to sheathe it to create the required thermal insulation and an attractive appearance. Modern facing materials are widely represented on construction market Therefore, it is important to understand their characteristics in order to choose the best option.

Cladding material requirements

Exterior finish is important

Facing materials are used to create a comfortable environment in the house, prevent the occurrence of dampness and give the building an attractive appearance. All of them must meet a number of requirements:

• Thermal conductivity should be minimal, which will reduce heat loss.
• The vapor permeability of the inner layers of the material should not allow condensation to occur.
• The level of moisture resistance should prevent the penetration and stay of moisture in the material.
• The degree of heat resistance should be maximum, which will allow the skin to not be deformed and not ignite under the influence of high temperatures.
• Do not enter into chemical interaction with substances that fall on the lining material and do not change their properties when exposed to them.
• The material must be protected from biological factors and not be food for animals.
• The properties and characteristics of the material should not change under the influence of sunlight.

The effectiveness of the cladding can be maximized not only when it is securely fixed on the surface of the walls, but also if the installation technology is followed.

Plastering a house

Sheathing the house from the outside with the use of foam, fiber cement or glass wool in the form of mats provides for further plastering. Therefore, the crate is not provided in this case. This technique is usually used when facing walls made of brick or reinforced concrete.

Plastering a house

The technology for performing work is as follows:

• To install the insulation on the wall, a profile made of metal is fixed. It is selected in accordance with the thickness of the insulation material. The installation of profiles must be level.
• In order to improve the adhesion of wall material and insulation, their surface must be cleaned of dust and moistened with water.
• After that, glue is applied to the insulation material.
• The plates of the first row are installed on the profile and pressed against the wall surface with force.
• In the future, the installation of plates occurs according to the principle that is used when laying bricks in dressing.

After fixing two or three rows with glue, the plates are additionally fixed to the dowels.

• After waiting for the glue to dry, the slopes are glued with corners equipped with a reinforcing mesh. For this, the same glue is used.
• When the corners dry out, the sickle mesh is fixed with glue over the entire surface, which will be insulated.
• After the glue dries, apply to the surface polymer plaster in several layers.
• The final stage is the imposition of decorative plaster.

Decorative plaster

Sheathing a house using crates

Insulation of walls using battens may involve their installation in 1-2 layers. At the same time, the bars that make up the frame are arranged in accordance with the installation scheme of the decorative cladding.
To achieve the best result, pre-marking should be carried out taking into account the dimensions of the insulation material. After that, the installation of bars or profiles is carried out. In case of sheathing wooden surface, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier before fixing the insulation.

Sheathing a house using crates

The mats are laid in the crate space and, if necessary, they are fixed with anchors. Having completed this stage, it is necessary to stretch and fix the diffusion membrane with construction brackets. The work ends with the installation of decorative material.

Types of decorative trim

Possibilities of modern facing materials allow you to transform the surface of the walls beyond recognition. The installation of each of them has a certain specificity, which significantly affects the appearance of the building.

Clinker thermal panels

This material belongs to modern species cladding, which will not only insulate the building, but also decorate it. The main characteristics of clinker thermal panels are as follows:

• versatility of the material;
• externally, the material is an imitation of brickwork, its color scheme can be selected in accordance with personal taste preferences;
• simplicity and convenience during installation;
• a wide range of materials on which this cladding can be mounted;
• the insignificant weight of the material does not require strengthening the foundation;
• care of the surface of the cladding can be carried out under the pressure of water, since the material has an extremely low water absorption rate;
• tight fit of the panels to the wall surface reliably isolate the house from heat loss.

Clinker thermal panels

The basis of thermal panels consists of polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene. Clinker tiles are attached to it. This design allows you to increase the thermal insulation several times, as well as increase the durability of the wall material. This is due to the fact that the panels are reliable protection against the effects of atmospheric factors. At the same time, the operational life of the material reaches half a century without repair.

sheathing

Thermal panels are mounted using the original connection mechanism, which ensures maximum tightness of connections. When assembled, the cladding is a single plane.
The configuration of the panels corresponds to their location on the building, and can be straight, wall or corner. The use of plastic guides prevents the occurrence of deformations and internal stresses of the cladding material.

Facing the house with clinker thermal panels

Before you begin to sheathe the house from the outside, it is important to examine the surface of the walls. If there are various defects that may interfere with the cladding process, they should be removed and the wall smoothed. If the irregularities are significant, then a crate device is necessary. The location of the crate parts should provide the required rigidity of the casing fastening. After completion of the cladding measures, it is necessary to grout the joints between the panels with a special grouting material. Thus, the maximum tightness of the insulation elements is achieved, and the cladding is given a look similar to brickwork.

In progress

House siding upholstery

House cladding with siding is very popular. Appearance this material can simulate various natural coatings. In its production, various different materials. Mono-extrusion or co-extrusion is the basis of siding technology. In the first case, a homogeneous mass is the basis for the formation of the panel, in the second case, the elements have two layers, one of which serves to protect against external factors, and the other is the basis of the product.

Outer beauty

High-quality siding has a number of advantages:

• High resistance to mechanical impact in the form of impacts and scratches.
• Sufficient elasticity.
• It has the required level of fire safety and is resistant to temperature changes. This makes it possible to use the material in different climate conditions.
• Absolute resistance to biological factors.
• Exposure to sunlight does not lead to a loss of material characteristics, so it has a significant durability.
• High operational qualities.
• The material is unpretentious in care. It is enough to direct a water jet to the surface of the cladding to clean it.
• Siding is safe for human health.
• Installation of this cladding is simple.
• Affordable cost.

Siding installation

Siding installation

Sheathing the house from the outside with the help of siding in the horizontal direction begins from the bottom of the building. This is done by overlapping the panels one on top of the other with a lock-like fixation. The fastening of the panel to the material of the crate is carried out in its upper part through specially provided gratings.

During the installation of siding, it is necessary that the number of joints in the vertical direction be as small as possible. If possible, it is recommended to use a specially designed profile for joining, which is mounted in strict accordance with the vertical along the entire length
This type of cladding acquires completeness when using a variety of decorative elements. Corners, soffits, ebbs, slopes and a number of others can be applied here.

Block house

Can be used as house cladding outside interesting solution cladding material - block house. For its manufacture, natural wood is used in the form of boards with a surface in the form of a semicircle. As a result of installation by a block house, the house takes the form of a log cabin.

House sheathed in a block house

The smooth side of the facing material is provided with two longitudinal grooves. Their purpose is to relieve emerging stresses and improve the quality of ventilation. Installation of facing boards is carried out with the help of grooves and reciprocal spikes, respectively, from below and from above.

The material for the production of the block house is coniferous wood. With its high-quality processing, significant durability of the cladding can be achieved. The material has a number of unique properties:

• the material is absolutely environmentally friendly;
• has significant strength properties with a small mass;
• ability to withstand significant temperature fluctuations;
• ease of installation;
• the tree has the ability to "breathe", which allows you to get a comfortable atmosphere in the premises of the house;
• the cost of the material is available to a wide category of consumers and is much lower than a solid log.

In addition to wood, a block house can be made of metal or vinyl with imitation of natural logs. In this case, the cost of products is significantly reduced while maintaining the attractiveness of the lined surface and the durability of the material. In this case, the unique atmosphere that the tree creates will be lost.

Facade cladding with block house

Before starting work on wall cladding with a block house, it is necessary that the wood be adapted to the operating conditions. After that, the panels are treated with an antiseptic. In the process of drying it can be identified various defects that need to be eliminated and reapplied with an antiseptic.

In the process of sheathing with a block house

Installation of a block house begins from the bottom of the house. In this case, the spike of the first panel should be directed upwards. This arrangement will prevent the penetration of atmospheric moisture. In places where the use of self-tapping screws is envisaged, after screwing in, they are decorated to match the color of the material. For further installation, a groove-thorn scheme with fastening on the crate is used.

External cladding wooden house performs several important functions - it protects the walls from atmospheric influences, insulates the building, makes it more aesthetic appearance. Even at the design stage, you should think about how to sheathe wooden house on the outside to match the finish technical requirements and financial opportunities.

Consider the popular cladding options and find out which ones are best suited for cladding houses made of wood.

Wooden houses to this day remain the most environmentally friendly, "breathable", useful and comfortable for living. However, wood is a short-lived material, and therefore requires mandatory protection.

In addition, because of its softness and friability, the wood is attractive to rodents, bugs and other living creatures.

But protection becomes more effective if the facade of a wooden house is covered with sheathing from above - reliable, beautiful, heat-insulating.

The tree constantly absorbs moisture, as a result of which it deforms, loses strength and density, darkens over time, becomes covered with cracks, begins to rot and mold.

There are no universal rules for choosing a facing material, but preference is given to a finish that has the following characteristics:

• is a heater;
• has vapor permeability;
• easy to install;
• has a low cost;
• does not require permanent painting.

Definitely win wooden types sheathing - lining, block house, planken, imitation of timber. They have the same characteristics as the main construction material, and preserve the naturalness and environmental friendliness of the building.

Overview of materials for home decoration

Often, when buying, they are guided only by the cost of the facing material. This is the wrong approach because cheap finish requires additional investment.

Buy expensive, but not suitable for technical parameters material is also wrong. Therefore, all aspects must be taken into account - cost, characteristics, compliance with the climatic zone.

The modern market provides an opportunity to choose exactly the skin that fits perfectly in all respects. Popular finishes include four in wood and four in other natural and synthetic materials.

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When choosing a material, you can rely on the standards specified in GOST 8242-88. There are also more stringent standards. DIN 68126/86, which set out the requirements for the so-called "euro lining".

At the cottage, they rest not only from the hustle and bustle of the city. Clean air is an essential part of outdoor recreation. Many are tormented by the question of how to sheathe the walls in the country house inside inexpensively, and maintain comfort. For this, an environmentally friendly material is used that can transfer the winter unheated period without cost. It is desirable to keep the style of decoration natural, country.

Why did my friend and I study materials

Vadik and I each have several aunts who have no one to help except their nephews. At the beginning of spring, we began to prepare for summer season. We need to start putting things in order. The most time-consuming work was the decoration of the walls inside. It is necessary to choose a material that allows the walls to breathe. It is advisable to keep the style.

The task was complicated by the fact that in the winter no one lived in the country. The room was not heated. Our relatives couldn't spend a lot of money on decorating the inside. We will do the work ourselves, but the material must be purchased inexpensively. The combination of price and quality is easier to choose than the cost of the material and its naturalness, environmental friendliness.

I told Vadik about different finishing materials for wooden houses. As a result, he compiled a table that can be taken as a basis when choosing an option than to sheathe wooden walls in the country.

Positive qualities of the material	Negative qualities of the skin	Where not to apply trim
	drywall
price	hygroscopicity low vapor permeability	at seasonal dachas
ease of installation	the need for plaster	in buildings that have not shrunk
	low vapor permeability
	gypsum fiber sheets
price	fracture at the joints	Unheated dachas
flexibility	reduced vapor permeability	not shrink
easy installation	decrease in environmental friendliness
	laminate
durability	the walls don't breathe	unheated rooms
	high cost of installation and material	bedrooms and children's rooms
	cork panels
eco-friendly	very expensive	in damp rooms
durable	fragile	boiler houses
aesthetic
	lining
environmentally friendly material	high price	boiler houses
durability	fire hazard	damp rooms
plastic
aesthetic appearance
	MDF
average cost	low ductility	seasonal buildings
environmental friendliness	hygroscopicity	damp rooms
high vapor permeability		fire hazardous premises
no deformation
	plywood
plastic	the presence of glue	in damp areas
naturalness	hygroscopicity
price	joint sealing
	OSB boards
environmental friendliness	contains formaldehyde	bedrooms
no deformation	cutting dust	children's rooms
low cost
	lining wooden
naturalness	breaks down when exposed to temperature	Unheated premises
easy to handle	lit
aesthetic appearance
	block house
average cost	complicated installation on the skin	damp rooms
natural wood
aesthetic appearance
	glass-magnesium sheet
cheap	needs coverage	children's rooms
light	low vapor permeability	bedrooms
flexible

Natural materials are more expensive. Savings are obtained due to the lack of wall decoration after sheathing. No need to plaster, glue or paint.

Advantages and disadvantages of solid wood

Wood is a warm and clean material. For many years, after the completion of construction, it fills the house inside with its aroma. To finish the walls, it is necessary to take into account the shrinkage of the new structure and the constant expansion of logs with changes in humidity and temperature. Beam and boards play less.

The lack of natural material for finishing the walls of the cottage is at a high cost. To make it inexpensive, you can use lining trim and substandard and do it yourself. The work becomes more complicated, it is necessary to eliminate defects, and select the size. The beauty of the pattern is preserved. You can fasten the board to wooden walls with self-tapping screws without a frame. Brick and plastered surfaces should be sheathed with a profile or slats.

To protect against moisture, wood trim is impregnated protective compounds. The coverage is updated regularly. In the country house, which is not heated, in a year.

Finishing with slabs of wood chips, shavings and sawdust

Finishing with slabs of wood chips, shavings and sawdust

Finishing the wall is inexpensively possible with slabs made from waste wood processing. OSB boards are pressed from wood chips. As a connecting material, glue from natural ingredients is used. For finishing, they have a number of advantages over other materials:

• vapor permeability close to solid wood;
• do not deform from moisture - multidirectional fibers;
• flexible, does not collapse when the walls shrink;
• holds fasteners well;
• has an aesthetic appearance;
• easily processed.

Lack of formaldehyde content, especially in moisture-resistant kitchen and bathroom boards. Supports combustion. When sawing, fine dust is formed. You must wear a respirator.

We sheathed OSB in all rooms, except for bedrooms, in a country house used seasonally. Its construction was completed last year, and the house was shrinking. We needed a finish that would withstand deformation.

MDF boards do not contain harmful substances. Sawdust ground into dust is glued together with tree resin. My friend and I chose a material with veneer veneer and sheathed the inside walls in the country house where my aunt lives all year round. The house has heating and was built more than five years ago.

Plywood trim for painting and wallpaper

In an apartment and houses with constant heating, drywall is often used to level the walls. The plates have a smooth surface and under the wallpaper it is enough to putty only joints and dents from self-tapping screws. fasten large sheets you can directly to the walls if they are even. Gypsum is poorly breathable and swells with moisture. Therefore, for unheated dacha, the walls of which are made of logs, it must be laid in several layers, according to a sliding pattern. Plaster and protective paint exclude the term "inexpensive".

The final stage of construction is the sheathing of the house. The facade is the "face" of the building, so the choice of materials for its decoration is approached in detail. They must meet the following requirements:

• maintain their characteristics throughout the entire period of operation;
• prevent heat loss;
• have steam and air permeability;
• withstand temperature fluctuations;
• protect walls from precipitation, ultraviolet radiation;
• be resistant to fire;
• resist biological influences (fungus, mold).

In addition, the facade must be beautiful, durable, strong. To implement these tasks, different materials are used: lining, siding, plaster, panels, facing brick, tiles. The choice of finish depends on the characteristics of the walls of the house, the need for additional insulation, the preferences of the owner.

wood finish

This option is considered practical and environmentally friendly. The facade made of high-quality wood will be durable, wear-resistant. Outside, it looks respectable and stylish. Wood materials are used for finishing walls made of concrete, brick, aerated concrete, as well as for facing a wooden house. Their advantages:

• provide good sound insulation and warming;
• resistant to mechanical stress;
• combined with stone, brick, metal;
• allow you to quickly transform the facade.

When giving preference to wood, one should take into account its inherent disadvantages:

They are easily eliminated by processing the tree from the outside with antiseptics, fire retardants.

Used for cladding houses wooden panels(lining), block house, sheet materials. The lining is very popular due to its availability and ease of installation. Using it for, outside the panels are placed horizontally, and inside - vertically. Due to this, the rigidity of the structure is significantly increased, improved performance characteristics. After treatment with an antiseptic, the lining will retain its natural beauty for a long time.

To look like a log house, use a block house. It is a profiled board, one side of which has a rounded shape. Thanks to this, sheathing with massive logs is imitated. This provides the following benefits:

• high thermal insulation properties;
• increased cladding strength;
• resistance to moisture, ultraviolet;
• ease of installation.

In order for the block house to retain its properties for as long as possible, it must be periodically painted and applied with protective agents.

Siding

A practical, affordable material is siding. These panels have a special locking connection, which ensures reliability and ease of installation. They are made from metal, vinyl and wood. The outer coating imitates plank sheathing, stone, brick and other materials.

Vinyl siding is suitable for use in any climate zone. It successfully resists deformations under the influence of temperatures, mechanical shocks. Panels come in a variety of colors and textures. In order for them to serve for many years without repair and damage, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules when choosing:

• give preference light colors, dark colors quickly burn out;
• perform installation at positive temperatures to avoid a large amount of waste;
• panels should not be tightly fixed, be sure to leave a gap for thermal expansion.

Metal siding does not require special labor costs during installation. Its main advantages are incombustibility and high strength. The outside of the panel is coated protective layer preventing corrosion of the material. It is often used for, as it does not make the structure heavier, and thanks to the insulation pad, it increases thermal insulation.

Mounting the facade of the siding, use special additional elements. Their type and number are determined depending on the configuration of the house, its size, number and shape of openings.

The panels are made from a mixture of cement and synthetic fibers. Due to this, they are in many ways superior in characteristics to other materials. They can be used for finishing wooden, brick, aerated concrete houses. The outer coating perfectly imitates wood, stone, tiles. For installation, you will need a frame made of metal or wooden profiles. Coverage benefits:

• has a long service life;
• does not rot, does not give in to corrosion;
• endures any impact;
• safe for others;
• does not burn.

The use of fiber cement panels allows you to restore the geometry of the facade without prior alignment, to hide defects. The material has a low thermal conductivity, so it helps to minimize heating costs.

The disadvantages of the panels include:

• must be painted after installation;
• the surface can be deformed under the influence of moisture;
• should be protected from shock.

Porcelain stoneware is made from a mixture of white clay, feldspar, and quartz. Mineral pigments give the required color to the plates. Externally, the material perfectly conveys the structure different types natural stones. Porcelain tiles are fixed to the facade with glue or by means of a frame. Its advantages:

• frost resistance, durability;
• do not absorb moisture;
• UV resistant;
• fireproof;
• resistant to acids and alkalis.

The disadvantage of the cladding is considered to be a rather large weight, which must be taken into account when calculating the foundation.

Natural stone is a symbol of good quality, wealth. Finishing of marble or granite on the outside of the house gives the building solidity. When facing a wooden house with a stone, a plinth is laid out, and the walls are covered with plaster, siding or facing bricks. The pluses include natural beauty surface, excellent performance characteristics (strength, resistance to any impact). The disadvantage of stone finishes is significant weight, requiring a reinforced base.

In order to reduce the mass of the cladding, while retaining its inherent decorative properties, the stone began to be used as the front part. facing panels. A small thickness of the surface layer (up to 8 mm), fixed on an aluminum-plastic frame, reduces the weight of the finishing material.

Glass facades

The use of glass allows you to make the facade unique in beauty and architectural style. Diversity glass panels in terms of functionality (anti-burglary, reinforced, hardened), thickness, color ensures the reliability, strength and durability of the cladding. Their advantages:

• due to the special coating reduce heat loss;
• provide good sound insulation;
• reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

The disadvantages of glass finishes are the complexity of installation, high cost design work. However, the unique design of the facade fully justifies the money invested in it.

Facing brick

Due to the combination of decorative and protective properties, facing bricks are often used for facade cladding. A variety of sizes, shapes, colors allows you to create compositions that are unique in terms of aesthetic indicators. In addition, the brick provides reliable protection houses from mechanical influences and weather disasters. The material has the following advantages:

• high strength;
• frost resistance;
• low moisture absorption;
• does not fade in the sun.

There are several types of bricks. ceramic brick made from a mixture of clay with additives by drying, followed by firing. Its disadvantages include the appearance of efflorescence outside - white deposits. Hyper-pressed brick is made by pressing a mixture of shell rock or limestone with cement. Its disadvantages: low ventilation capacity, quickly fades under the influence of the sun.

From clay by firing at high temperatures receive clinker brick. This technology provides a high density of the material, causing its frost resistance, water resistance. Efflorescence does not form on it. The disadvantage of facing is its high price.

Walls made of logs, timber and boards in themselves provide high thermal insulation and create a beautiful exterior. However, in some cases, additional outer skin:

1. Draft protection. The joints between timber, logs and boards are the weak point of any. You can close the gaps, but after the wood is deformed, the work will have to be repeated. Many sheathing materials are equipped with a system of spikes and grooves, so they are not blown through. In addition, the outer finish is not deformed.
2. Damp protection. In conditions high humidity the wood starts to rot. The casing is sealed and does not let water through. As a result, the service life of the entire building is significantly increased.
3. Increased thermal insulation. Additional thermal insulation reduces heating costs in winter and helps keep the house pleasantly cooler in summer.

Advice. All protective properties of the sheathing can be improved by additionally laying layers of vapor and thermal insulation.

1. Exterior improvement. After several years of operation, wooden walls darken and deform a little, which worsens the appearance of the building. All kinds of paint and varnish coatings are not always able to correct the situation, which cannot be said about materials for exterior cladding. The latter allow you to completely transform the exterior of the building. Some coatings outwardly imitate expensive materials such as natural stone.

Exterior cladding work can be done at any time - both at the stage of building construction, and in the process of its overhaul.

Cladding materials

For exterior finish the following materials are used:

Advice. Difficult to create Beautiful design exterior, using a single type of material. Combinations of various colors and types of finishes usually look more attractive.

How to choose material for exterior cladding

When choosing a specific material for sheathing, several criteria should be taken into account:

• sheath weight. Outer skin creates an additional load on the supporting structures of the house - walls and. If these elements of the building are worn out or the load on them approaches the limit value, it is necessary overhaul or building renovation. You will also have to abandon the use of heavy facing materials (brick, thermal panels, cement and ceramic siding). When calculating the additional load, one should not forget about the mass of the fixing material, heat and vapor barrier;
• exterior design. The appearance of the house is best created, guided by your own taste. Fresh ideas are easy to get by studying ready-made options exteriors. You can also turn to the services of professional designers;
• shortcomings of the existing design. The cladding must compensate for or eliminate existing defects in the building. So, if in current state the house looks ugly, the future design should be carefully worked out, with large heat losses in the winter months - improve insulation, etc. It should be remembered that the outer skin is not load-bearing structure and cannot strengthen the walls;
• price. The use of certain materials (primarily decorative brick, cement and ceramic siding) can be ruled out due to prohibitive costs. When calculating the total costs, one should not forget about the costs of fixing material, insulation and tools;
• complexity of installation and maintenance. Even a beginner can successfully handle fastening lining, block house, metal and PVC siding. Other materials require some experience construction works. Also, finishing in this case is best done together with 1-2 assistants. Wood-based sheathing must be cleaned once every 1-3 years from pollution, rot, old paintwork and then re-treat with protective compounds. Otherwise, it will quickly lose its attractive appearance and rot;
• building construction. In some cases, sheathing using certain materials is not possible. For example, you can't place brickwork on a foundation of insufficient width. However, metal and PVC siding are universal.

The outer skin of wooden houses performs a decorative function, and can also serve as additional protection against drafts, dampness and cold. For exterior finish buildings use different materials - brick, wood, PVC panels, ceramics and cement. When choosing any of them, it is important not to forget about the total load on the walls and foundation.

How to sheathe and how to insulate a wooden house - video