What does the word parapet mean? Parapets - what is it? parapet height
- (French parapet, from Italian parapetto, from parare - to protect and petto - chest) 1) a low solid wall enclosing the roof of a building, a terrace, a balcony, an embankment, a bridge, etc. P. often serves as a pedestal for decorative vases and statues . Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Parapet (French parapet, from Italian parapetto, from parare - to protect and petto - chest)
1) a low solid wall enclosing the covering of a building, a terrace, a balcony, an embankment, a bridge, etc. Often serves as a pedestal for decorative vases and statues. 2) A wall located on the crest of a dam, breakwater, dam, etc. and protecting it from being washed away by waves. P. is also called a wall, arranged in shipping locks to enclose the territory adjacent to the chamber.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
Synonyms:See what "Parapet" is in other dictionaries:
- (fr., from lat. parare to protect, and pectus chest). 1) a stone or earthen wall built on top of a fortification and serving to cover those who guard it. 2) a breast-height fence placed on a terrace, bridge or embankment. Dictionary… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
PARAPET, parapet, male. (from the Greek para against and petomai I fly). 1. Fence, railing along something, a fence that protects against falling. Bridge parapet. There is a parapet along the edge of the roof. 2. A cover that protects against bullet damage (military). Explanatory … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
parapet- a, m. parapet m., it. parapetto. fort. 1. A low stone wall that served as a parapet on the fortress walls. BAS 1. military Low cover, stone, earthen, from shots. Dal. The guns fire barbette when the parapet at the batteries is only... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
Railing, fence, barrier, fence, wall Dictionary of Russian synonyms. parapet n., number of synonyms: 5 barrier (15) about ... Synonym dictionary
Parapet- - fencing of a balcony, roof of a building, bridge, embankment, etc. In some cases, the parapet is solved as a decorative artistic element ... Builder's Dictionary
- (French parapet from Italian parapetto), a low solid wall passing along the edge of the roof, terrace, balcony, along the embankment, bridge (as a barrier); on the crest of a dam, pier, dam (to protect against the destructive action of waves), in navigable ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
PARAPET, a, husband. Low barrier wall, railing. P. bridge. | adj. parapet, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Husband. railings, handrails, balustrades, baluster, fence, low wall; | military low cover, stone, earthen, from shots. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
- (French parapet, Italian parapetto, protect and petto chest from ragage), a fence, railing or a low solid wall running along the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, along a bridge, embankment (as a barrier), on the crest of a dam, pier ,… … Art Encyclopedia
Stone fence, arranged instead of railings on massive bridges. Technical railway dictionary. M.: State transport railway publishing house. N. N. Vasiliev, O. N. Isaakyan, N. O. Roginsky, Ya. B. Smolyansky, V. A. Sokovich, T … Technical railway dictionary
Parapet- as a rule, a deaf fence of a height difference. Here: a structural element that encloses the paths of movement and functional spaces, combining functions according to the criteria of safety and information content ...
Fencing of a balcony, roof of a building, bridge, embankment, etc. In some cases, it is solved as a decorative artistic element.
Watch value Parapet in other dictionaries
Parapet- parapet, m. (from the Greek para - against and petomai - I fly). 1. Fence, railing along something, a fence that prevents falling. bridge. There is a parapet along the edge of the roof. 2. Cover protecting……..
Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Parapet- m. railings, handrails, balustrades, baluster, fence, low wall; | military low cover, stone, earthen, from shots.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Parapet M.- 1. A low wall enclosing a balcony, bridge, embankment, building roof, etc. 2. A low stone wall that served as a parapet on the fortress walls.
Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova
Parapet- -a; m.
1. A low wall, a fence along smth. P. balcony. P.
What is the purpose of a parapet on a roof?
roofs. Granite parapets of the Neva.
2. Military. obsolete Shaft to protect against enemy bullets, cores and……..
Explanatory Dictionary of Kuznetsov
Parapet- (French parapet - from Italian parapetto), a low solid wall running along the edge of the roof, terrace, balcony, along the embankment, bridge (as a barrier); on the crest of the dam……..
Big encyclopedic dictionary
Parapet- - fencing, a low solid wall on the edge of a roof, embankment, balcony, terrace, on the crest of a dam, dam, breakwater, etc.
Historical dictionary
Parapet- (from French parapet, Italian parapetto, from parare - to protect and petto - chest) - a fence, railing or a low solid wall running along the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, along a bridge, embankment ...... ..
Architectural Dictionary
PARAPET- PARAPET, -a, m. Low barrier wall, railing. P. bridge. || adj. parapet, th, th.
Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Battlement parapet- The battlements are the completion of the walls of fortresses, feudal castles of individual towers, an element of a fortification that covers the defenders. Combat slots on the teeth and……..
Architectural Dictionary
See the Wikipedia article for Parapet
Translate Parapet to language:
The word "parapet" of French-Italian origin, its literal translation would sound like "to protect the chest."
Roof parapet: what is it and how is it arranged?
In the field of construction, the term "parapet" means a small fence (wall) around the perimeter of the roof of a building (both residential and public). In other words, this is a kind of continuation of the walls that protrude above the level of the roof. Such a barrier structure is intended for both flat and pitched roofs.
Types of parapet and its functions
Experts distinguish several types of parapet, depending on the building structure:
- flat (with a flat surface, additionally equipped with droppers for water drainage);
- ridge (covered with an additional visor);
- complex (ridge with built-in drippers, bent under the visor);
- simple or gable;
- figured (in the form of a railing).
See also: Detailed description of ondulin
The choice of the shape of the parapet fence depends on its functional purpose. Consider the main functions of the parapet for the roofs of any buildings:
- Protective:
- from roofing failures by strong gusts of wind;
- from fire in the event of a fire in a neighboring building;
- from free precipitation to maintain the integrity of the roof.
- Decorative - for individualization of the design solution (decorated with decorative elements in the form of stucco molding, figured overlays, etc.).
Depending on the material of manufacture, such fences are brick or metal.
Roof railing materials
For roofs of public buildings, the parapet should be made of metal materials:
- steel - stainless, galvanized or powder-coated (to increase the service life and give the desired color shade);
- copper;
- various alloys (provided for by the relevant building codes) - aluminum, finished metal profiles.
The thickness of the metal structure should be from 3 mm. In addition, it is covered with a layer of special paint to prevent corrosion. Also, these structures require equipment with struts and racks, as they are attached to the roof with their help.
Such a parapet, used on the roof, combines both main functions - both protective and aesthetic.
Brick is used most often in the construction of residential buildings. The parapet of this material is built directly in the process of building the house itself. Features of the brick fence are:
- small height;
- metal apron;
- a groove for the establishment of a roofing, which is fixed with a special bar.
Concrete blocks and monolithic reinforced concrete can also be used to create a parapet.
Features of installing a parapet on the roof
Russian construction is subject to special building codes and regulations, which are adopted by local executive authorities in the form of technical regulations - SNiPs. According to these standard norms, the height of the parapets can be different - 60 centimeters, 90 centimeters, 1 meter 20 centimeters. These criteria depend on the slope of the roof and the height of the eaves:
- if the slope is up to 12%, the height of the parapet fence on the roof is allowed over 10 meters;
- if the slope exceeds 12%, then the parapet can be more than 7 meters.
Such standards are provided for by fire safety for roofs with a flat roof type, balconies and loggias, as well as open flights of stairs, etc.
See also: What is better to choose for the roof: metal tiles or corrugated board
SNiP also provides for a number of nuances in the construction of a parapet fence on the roof:
- For industrial buildings with internal drains, a parapet with a height of up to 60 centimeters is needed with an additional fence in the form of a lattice from the surface of the roof itself.
- For residential apartment buildings - a height of 1 m 20 centimeters (with handrails for stairs from 90 centimeters).
- For public (administrative) buildings - from 90 centimeters.
In all cases, the parapet railing must be continuous, and flights of stairs with handrails capable of withstanding horizontal loads of more than 0.3 kN / m.
Before installing the parapet on the roof, experts recommend paying attention to such significant points:
- the choice of high-quality materials (otherwise, the operation of such a fence will be relatively short);
- the possibility of using climbing equipment with a house height of more than three floors (or calling a professional high-altitude installer);
- the need for mandatory two-layer waterproofing, consisting of a layer of bitumen and a layer of roofing material (in modern construction it is possible to use polymer materials instead of roofing material, which have a higher service life).
See also: What is better ondulin or metal tile
And finally, experts advise watching a special video on installing a parapet fence for review: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abAxyDdbXI4.
The parapet is presented in the form of a fence located on flat or pitched roofs and ensuring safe movement along them during repair work. Parapet designs can be any and depend directly on building requirements. So, what are parapets for, and how to install them correctly?
Properly assembled roof parapet fencing reliably protects the roof from wind, with strong gusts of which even deformation and tearing of the coating is possible. No less important is the aesthetic purpose of the parapet - due to it, the roof of high-rise buildings is ennobled, blocks of air conditioning systems and other communications are hidden under it.
On high-rise buildings, there must be an apron from precipitation from galvanized steel sheets, metal profiles, concrete slabs, copper caps. In construction practice, brick parapets are in high demand - they are laid on top of the finished roofing. In height, such a parapet should be at least 0.5 m, and inside it there will be a roofing carpet, on top of which a special clamping bar is laid - as can be seen in the photo. To improve the strength of the structure, masonry can be performed with wooden or metal reinforcing parts. The installation of metal handrails is a mandatory procedure, then due to them the height of the parapet will be at least 1.2 m.
Assembling the parapet structure
The metal parapet is mounted quite simply - from the main part, the so-called shelf, and figured or straight bends located at 90 degrees.
Rules for the parapet:
- parapets not lower than 1.2 m are installed on the exploited roofs;
- on a non-operated flat roof of a building that is less than 10 m, a decorative metal fence can perform the function of a parapet, and the absence of any fence at all is also acceptable; if the building is higher than 10 m, then the parapet is installed without fail;
- where there is an adjoining of a soft roof to a parapet, a waterproofing carpet is laid, and special crutches are used for fastening (for more details: “How to make an adjoining roof to a parapet - arranging knots in practice”);
- if a PVC material or a TPO membrane is laid as a roofing, then an additional waterproofing carpet will be required to fix the drip;
- if galvanized steel parapets are installed above 45 cm, then a protective apron is required, on top of which a clamping metal rail is attached to the screws and all joints are sealed (read also: “Roof drips”).
Coating the parapet with copper, in detail on the video:
Performing installation work
To build a parapet, you need to prepare in advance:
- the required number of bricks and mortar for their laying;
- metal fittings;
- clamping bars;
- to close the parapet assembly of a flat roof, there must be an apron (read: “How does the parapet assembly on the roof work”);
- waterproofing material;
- metal caps;
- material and tools for fasteners.
The work is carried out after the complete installation of the ceilings and the main roofing. The laying of each row requires reinforcement with steel rods, while their height should not be less than 50 cm, otherwise it will be necessary to install additional fences (for more details: “Height of the roof fence - what you need to know”).
Parapet on the roof - all ways of high-quality finishing in the photo review!
Upon completion of the work, a smooth connection of the enclosing elements and the roof is performed. To do this, the roofing is attached at an angle of 45 degrees to a sand-cement mortar, then two layers of roofing material are placed on top of it, and the entire system is smeared with a bitumen composition. Remember that the junction of the roof to the parapet must be carefully processed - the quality of the entire structure depends on this (more: "The junction of the roof to the wall - installation").
As soon as everything dries, the waterproofing must be fixed with self-tapping screws, a clamping bar and an apron must be installed. Caps can be different: flat, gable, decorative, but, regardless of the choice, they are also fastened with self-tapping screws. A galvanized parapet and other similar roof railings are installed in a similar way.
The design, despite its great importance in creating a safe roof, is quite simple to install. The basic rules for the installation of elements should be observed, the most important of which are the adjoining of the roof to the parapet and high-quality fastening.
Recall that parapets are mandatory during the construction and repair of high-rise buildings (more than 10 m), in other situations, decorative metal handrails can be dispensed with.
What is a parapet
Safety on the street, at work and at home is the main requirement for a fulfilling life. The construction industry is actively assisting in this matter, together with the employees of ZhEKs and executive authorities, since the level of accidents on roads and roofs is beyond the permissible range. Building builders and road builders combat this problem with parapets.
What is the parapet of the building
The word itself came to us from the French language “parapet”, and this word is also found in Italian, which is defined as “elevated wall”. In our everyday language, a parapet refers to an elongated wall on rooftops and roads that functions as a safety guard against falls and accidents, like a handrail on a bridge, rooftops, stairs, and high ground. Often during the construction of private houses, between the second and first floors, it is used to create a recreation area, instead of a balcony, because in this case the parapet allows you to expand the space. In other cases, it narrows the space and limits it somewhat.
According to SNiP, the device of parapets is necessary for roofs:
- with a height of over 10 m (to the eaves) and a slope of up to 12%;
- with a height of more than 7 m and a slope of slopes of more than 12%;
The history of the development of the parapet in buildings
For the first time, the parapet began to be used in the construction of buildings at the end of the 15th century AD in France in the town of Staibulein. Later this idea was picked up by Greece, Spain and Italy. Turkey decorated the parapets of the building with national and religious patterns and drawings. Since the 20th century, there has been an intensive "spurt" in the development of the auto industry, which has introduced many rules and adjustments to the charter of society's behavior on the roads. So, there were rules of the road. The main rule on the road has always been considered - the safety of the life of a pedestrian and a driver. And bridges, uneven paths in contact with the sidewalk, carried a huge danger to society. At high speed, the car often fell into a pond, rates, river due to the fact that there were no restrictive elements on the roads. For this purpose, curbs and roadside fences were invented. In order to eliminate accidents on buildings and multi-storey buildings since the 1950s in the USSR, architects have necessarily used this element of "insurance" on the roofs of buildings and balconies. To this day, builders and architects adhere to this building rule. And also on balconies and bridges they use railings, which are also a subspecies of the parapet.
What are the parapets of the building:
- flat, their surface is completely flat, they are equipped with drippers responsible for draining water, which are separated in opposite directions;
- ridge, which are attached from below and covered with a visor;
- complex, the water in them is discharged from two different sides, and the droppers are bent under the visor;
- simple, having two slopes;
- curly, outwardly resembling a railing.
Types of parapet
- Fence;
- Fundamental;
- For roof and roofing;
- curb;
- Roadside.
The fence most often has some kind of ornament or pattern, since it ends with the scheme of the structure of the fence. The use of a wrought iron fence made of metal not only decorates the external shape of the fence, but also ensures the safety of property and non-penetration into private territory.
Foundation reinforces the structure and provides an additional area of space for use in waterproofing. This type is also often used in playgrounds: in sandboxes and play areas. In this case, the parapet represents the role of the playground boundary. During the construction of professional pools, a parapet is necessarily created for it, which helps to retain the water of the pool.
Curb and roadside differ only in height, but in general, that one, that - is performed on a motorway and on roads. The curb protects pedestrians from car collisions on the sidewalk, and the roadside protects the car from dangerous sections of the road: a bridge, a cliff, a sharp and dangerous descent, a faulty road. The rules of the road indicate the places where the parapet on the road must be present in good condition, which are equipped with special night vision lights.
Parapet manufacturing methods
A parapet is made from almost any building material. For office buildings, a lightweight construction of metal pipes covered with plastic or glass is usually used. The safety regulation requires that the parapet on the roof of the building be at least 0.60 cm high. On an unsafe roof, the design of metal pipes ensures the safety of staying on the roof.
Another fairly common form is considered to be a forged parapet made of metal products: this type of manufacturing not only looks aesthetically pleasing, but also has the longest service life. Carry out forged products from stainless material. The most common type is made of bricks or concrete mass. This type is considered the most affordable, economical, from a material point of view, and easy to build. Only now it requires regular maintenance of the appearance with the help of special solutions and paints. This type is used in the construction of roads and private houses.
For the roof and roof, the parapet is mainly used in the construction of high-rise buildings, since the roof is unsafe for residents and people around, as well as in order to organize a sewage vault. Usually, this type of parapet has special plinths with a sewer hole for sewage.
It is best to entrust the fasteners and the structure of the parapet to professionals, despite the fact that it is not so difficult to remove it yourself. The whole problem lies in the quality and safety of fastening. Basically, companies specializing in installation work carry out the fastening and installation of parapets on any part of the building. They also provide a guarantee of the safety of the performance of this work and insurance. Thanks to special fasteners, this type of work is carried out with the main goal - to protect people from accidents.
What is a parapet: definition, standards and types
What is a parapet? In order to explain this concept, it is necessary to turn to the construction topic. This is a wall that encloses the roof of a building, its walls, a balcony and additional forms of architectural structures.
It is worth considering in more detail what it is - a roof parapet. This design is a fence in order to avoid an unforeseen fall of a person, as well as to protect the building from various climatic conditions.
To answer the question “the parapet of the building - what is it?”, It is necessary to study the construction topic again. First of all, it is a guarantee of safety, security, and in some cases also an interesting design solution.
Analysis of the state and choice of a way to strengthen the parapet. Required material for laying a parapet
In order to clarify what a parapet is, it is necessary to conduct its qualitative analysis. In order for the subsequently installed fence to serve for a long time and with high quality, it is worth noting a few basic details that you need to pay attention to:
- The first thing to examine is the presence of visible damage. As well as assess the condition of the old mounts.
- It is also worth considering the quality of previously used materials. And design features in general.
- It is necessary to take into account the fact that it will not work to independently assess the condition of the balcony. This requires permission from the Housing Commission. After all, such a design is technically located in a public place. And with an unacceptable load, it can lead to unforeseen, dangerous consequences.
It should be noted the parameters that are recommended for installing the parapet in accordance with GOST 25772-83. It is indicated that the height should be 1 meter in buildings that have no more than 10 floors. When the building is higher than 30 meters, the fence must be at least 1.1 meters.
After carrying out all the necessary measurements and checks, it is necessary to choose a method of strengthening, based on what a parapet is and what types of it exist. There are several types of suitable materials.
Metal reinforcement of the parapet
This method is suitable for leaving the balcony open or installing cold glazing. With a sufficiently strong state of the parapet, it is simply necessary to strengthen it with metal corners in the necessary places. When the deterioration of the object is at the limiting level, then the structure is simply completely replaced with a new one. With the help of welding and fastening to the wall. This option is quite stable in terms of weather conditions, changing seasons, operation.
Strengthening the parapet with a foam block
Another common option for strengthening the structure is the use of foam blocks. This is a modern version, which is distinguished by its strength, heat resistance, sound insulation. Such material is environmentally friendly and durable.
It is worth noting the optimal cost for this product. It is cheaper than many analogues, but this does not affect its quality in any way. It is worth noting the positive qualities of the foam block:
- The first thing to note is its fire resistance.
- Also, its environmentally friendly components can be considered an advantage. It does not pose a threat to the environment or human health.
- Note a fairly long service life. The material is durable.
- Strengthening with foam blocks can be carried out without certain skills. It is enough to have an idea about this process. But for the quality of the work performed, it is recommended to use the services of professionals.
It is necessary to consider the main technical features of strengthening the parapet when using a foam block.
First you need to calculate and measure the parameters of the object in relation to the window openings. It is also required to lay an insulating layer on the balcony slab. When working with foam blocks, you need to use a level for accurate calculation. Holes in the outer wall must be removed by drilling. It is required to use adhesive (capable of connecting dissimilar substances) plaster. The outer side is usually sheathed with galvanized sheets or siding.
Balcony parapet insulation
Due to changing weather conditions, it is necessary to insulate the parapet. This happens in order to avoid getting cold into your own home, as well as to preserve items stored on the balcony. The main option is complete thermal insulation. It concerns not only the above object, but also the floor, ceiling, walls. Most often, sheet materials are used for this process, which are divided into foam plastic, foam plastic, finished panels, and sometimes mineral wool. If a foam block was used to strengthen the structure, then the insulation should be carried out from the inside. It is worth considering the points of the process in detail:
- Penofol must be applied to the inside of the parapet using self-tapping screws.
- In order to reduce material consumption and speed up the work process, it is required to build a crate. It is assembled from several bars laid vertically and horizontally, which helps to reduce the amount of time for measurements.
- Then you need to cut the insulation into pieces of a certain size. And lay it in the crate.
- Fill the seams with foam. Remove excess after complete drying.
It is worth noting that due to the fact that the balcony, by its design, protrudes beyond the boundaries of the house, it is quite difficult to achieve its complete isolation. If we talk about the loggia, then complete insulation is possible here, due to the fact that the object is located inside the building.
Technical specifications
What is a parapet, the definition of the concept and its technical parameters should be considered in more detail in order to know the technology of a possible installation.
For a process such as strengthening, it is necessary to comply with all established standards. Especially if the work is carried out independently, without the intervention of specialists. It is worth adhering to the instructions of the SNiP of January 31, 2003, where paragraph 8.3 specifies the height of the parapet in meters. It is required that the fences be solid, without interruptions. Loads are calculated on the basis of not less than 0.3 kN/m. This is required for the insulation of the parapet.
Balcony railing
Knowing the definition of what a parapet is, it will not be difficult to carry out its competent sheathing.
For its high-quality insulation, it is customary to use the following materials: siding, corrugated board, plaster - the most popular of them. There are several options for cladding the structure: internal and external. First you need to consider the option outside.
For this process, siding is most often used. Its advantages are ease of use, relatively low price, the ability to choose different options for colors and shades. When choosing a material for covering a balcony from the outside, you can seek help from a specialist, and there is also an option to come up with your own design.
As for the interior decoration, this is a definite completion of the restoration repair work, which relates to the insulation, reinforcement and cladding of the balcony and loggia. It can be carried out using certain materials:
- PVC panels.
- Drywall to be painted after installation.
- Wooden lining.
In some cases, decorative stone or tile can be used. But these materials are quite expensive. They are not easy to install, since such a work process requires certain skills. Decorative stone looks very beautiful, aesthetically pleasing, expensive. But at the same time it is difficult to apply it, it is very whimsical in everyday life. Requires some care.
If we talk about tiles, then it also looks beautiful. Its weight plays an important role. This material is quite massive, which is why it is necessary to correctly calculate the volumes and structure of the parapet so that the tile does not damage it and jeopardize the entire concept of the structure.
If we talk about what a standard parapet is, then it may not fit modern glazing. It is worth paying special attention to a special opening designed for window blocks.
conclusions
In general, if you answer the question, parapets - what is it, then it is an integral part of any modern structure. It serves to protect, improve the building.
Parapets - what is it? parapet height. Parapet: photo
Most elements of buildings are difficult to imagine without components such as parapets. What is it - a functional element or just a means of decoration? First of all, it is still an important detail that allows you to protect the roof, fences, walls, foundation, window openings from the outside from various mechanical damage and the negative effects of environmental factors. What is the meaning of the word parapet? This is a wall of a small wall or a fence along something.
A little more.
This element is a solid wall, for the manufacture of which metal is most often used, for example, galvanized steel. First, it is resistant to corrosion. Secondly, it is reliable in operation, and therefore the parapet will last much longer. Thirdly, a modern parapet (the photo confirms this) can be of very different shapes and functional purposes. At the same time, it is important to choose a design that will not change the appearance of the building and can become its important element.
What kinds?
The design of any building and structure will be incomplete if the parapets are not properly equipped. We have already understood that this is an important functional part of any design. Now let's figure out what types of parapets exist:
- A flat parapet is a flat surface on which droppers are spread out to the sides.
- Flat design, the drip of which is rectangular. It is more reliable in fastening to the surface.
- The simplest parapet has two slopes and is used to protect the walls of fences from the effects of precipitation.
- The parapet-horse is distinguished by the presence of a lower mount, which is covered with a visor from above.
- The complex design is the presence of two droppers, while the water will drain in two directions. To date, these are the most durable parapets.
That this additional tool significantly improves the appearance of a house or structure is immediately evident from the photographs. At the same time, it is used both for decorating a roof or stairs, and for arranging a terrace or balcony.
Roof, foundation and fence solutions
Parapets for the foundation are spanning strips, thanks to which the foundation will be protected from moisture. In this design there is a main part, limbs and droppers. They are made of galvanized steel, which means that the service life will be high. The parapet is created so that attention is not focused on it, but at the same time the structure is reliably protected.
The roof parapet is a solid bar that serves to protect the roof. As a rule, the most vulnerable place of any house is the junction of the roof and the facade, and it is thanks to the parapet that it is possible to protect it from the negative effects of atmospheric phenomena. In the standard version, the roof parapet consists of the main part, bends, which are located at an angle to the main bar, and side drips through which water is drained.
Why is a fence needed?
Most often, parapets are mounted on the roofing system, as well as along the edges of terraces and balconies as a fence. If the roof is flat or pitched, then parapets are installed only if their height reaches 10 meters: this will protect a person from falling, for example, during work. In addition to the direct protective function, the parapet is also needed in order to give the building an attractive appearance. At the same time, the shape and execution of this element should be chosen in accordance with the style and architectural decision adopted for decorating the house. Parapets are subject to the following requirements:
- The height for operated roofs must be at least 1.2 m.
- If a flat roof is not in use, you can do without a parapet and replace it, for example, with a decorative metal fence.
- The parapet node (that is, the place of its junction with the roof) must be reliably waterproofed and strengthened.
- A roof parapet with a height of 45 cm or more must be equipped with a protective apron, which is usually fixed with a metal nut.
Mounting Features
At its core, installing a parapet is not difficult, but it is still better to entrust this work to professionals. The quality of the waterproofing of the structure depends on the quality of the installation. If you do not take into account that various parapets have their own installation features, that this fence must be reliable and of high quality, then the walls and ceiling on the balcony, for example, will get wet, which means that certain difficulties will arise in operation, which will lead to the need for repairs.
What about the balcony?
On the balcony, a parapet is needed not only for security purposes. For example, you decided to put double-glazed windows in this room, and earlier there were simple frames. Most likely, in this case, the balcony parapet will have to be increased so that the installation of plastic structures is of high quality, and the window is installed tightly and tightly. Most often, this section on the balcony is made of concrete, metal or wooden beams, and in terms of their technical characteristics, these materials are similar to each other.
When arranging a balcony, one should proceed from the quality and safety of the structure, and not from its decorative properties. So, the height of the parapet should be approximately 80-120 cm - these are the most optimal dimensions for the equipment of the barrier. In addition, it is important to consider what load will fall on the parapet and the balcony as a whole. For the construction of a new parapet, you can use such a versatile material as a foam block. First, it's lightweight. Secondly, it is flame retardant. Thirdly, it is not afraid of moisture, especially if you additionally wrap it with glassine. Masonry can be done using glue, so that the masonry seams will not freeze through.
If a small balcony is being designed, then in order to increase the usable space, it is possible to carry out glazing with removal, while the entire structure will be taken out of the parapet. Thanks to this solution, you can visually make the space of the balcony larger, and besides, it will look much more attractive.
Fence: how to arrange?
A beautiful fence is an opportunity to create a harmonious architectural ensemble in your suburban area. To protect your fence from moisture and precipitation in general, parapets are a must. That this is a very important component of the enclosing structure is also clear because as a result of the accumulation of moisture and its further freezing in frost, the pores of concrete will either expand or narrow. And this means that over time, cracks will go along the fence.
That is why most homeowners prefer to install ebbs or caps on the fence. With their help, you can cover the horizontal surface of the fence around its entire perimeter and at the same time give the structure an attractive look. It is important that the parapet is chosen correctly - in accordance with the size of the fence. First, it will evenly distribute the load. And secondly, it will be possible to make the joint as high quality as possible.
Features of the parapet for the fence
In the standard version, the parapet consists of a shelf (that is, the main part) and drips. It is attached by means of bends, which are located at right angles to the shelf. It must be remembered that if the fence is lined with stone, you should first install the parapet elements. Otherwise, in the first winter, the entire lining will simply disappear. It is best to choose steel parapets for the fence, but aluminum, copper, polyester and other variations are also suitable. For example, a parapet with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm will serve for about ten years if it is also protected with a special bar.
What does the law say?
According to federal law No. 122-FZ, in industrial buildings the height of the parapet may be less than 0.6 m, but at the same time it will need to be supplemented with a lattice fence. On the operated roofs of residential buildings, fences and ventilation outlets must be arranged. In public buildings, the height of the parapets of stairs, terraces, roofs, balconies must be at least 0.9 m. In this case, the fence must be continuous and equipped with handrails. Regardless of the height of the building, the fence must necessarily form flat roofs, outdoor galleries, open outdoor stairs, flights of stairs, landings, balconies and loggias.
What is a parapet on the roof of a flat roof and what is its height according to SNiP
One of the most important conditions for a decent human life is a guarantee of safety in the working area, on the street and indoors.
Employees of construction companies, repair workers, who are on a flat roof, cannot feel completely safe there.
Parapets play a huge role, they are actively used in various construction processes, thereby protecting buildings, territories, ensuring their maximum safety and integrity.
Then, in order to protect the roof of a single building along the perimeter, a parapet is equipped.
Roof parapet - purpose
The parapet is a kind of side that is placed along the edge of the roofing pie. This design, as a rule, is constructed after the construction of the walls, the installation of the ceiling, as well as after the completion of thermal and waterproofing works for the roof.
Actually this building is a kind of continuation of the existing wall. It is for this reason that the parapet on the roof is in most cases made of brick. Occasionally, the barrier may be metal, stone, concrete panels or solid reinforced concrete structures.
On some buildings, erected in a peculiar manner of execution, the enclosing railings are made of stainless steel, glass, or a combination of two or three materials.
Functions that this design performs:
- The main purpose of the parapet is guarantee of people's safety.
- Railings are able to delay the simultaneous convergence of a large amount of precipitation and snow cover from the roof.
- Decorates the building.
- Disguises unattractive communication systems located on the roof.
- Provides active resistance to strong wind gusts. Heavy winds can break the tightness of the roofing cake.
- The presence of a parapet allows you to create cafes or viewing platforms on the roof.
- Guardrails protect the sides of the roof, and this in turn improves the waterproofing of the roof.
Initially, parapets began to be used in the construction of buildings in France in the second half of the 15th century AD. A little later, the builders of Greece, Spain and Italy took advantage of this idea.
Since 1950, in the Soviet Union, architects in their projects have mandatory provided for this component of insurance on flat or pitched roofs of buildings and structures with an increased number of storeys.
These canons, established in construction, are still adhered to.
Railings are also considered a subspecies of parapets; they are usually used on balconies and bridges.
What are the types of parapets
When is it necessary to equip an appropriate parapet?
- Where the slope angle is up to 12% and buildings that are higher than 10 meters.
- If the height of the object is more than seven meters, and the angle of the roof is more than 12%, then on the roof install a parapet or fence, which will delay the snowfall in large quantities at a time.
If the building is built in gross violation of the relevant standards, then it cannot be put into service. Therefore, the existing standards in construction must be observed.
Minimum parapet height on a flat roof SNiP:
- Not less than 45 cm for uncommissioned roofs.
- If people are located on the roof, the height of the building envelope is 120 cm.
The parapet is considered a continuation of the wall and its width corresponds to the width of the wall. This indicator is not less than 50 cm.
Device and design features
In the prescriptions for the building of the enclosing structure prescribed in SNiP II-26-76, it is said that this element includes:
- barrage. These are scaffolds all over the roof of the building. This elevation performs barrier and also protective functions.
- waterproofing apron. Made from moisture resistant material. Its purpose is protection against moisture penetrating the structure. Usually roofing material or other soft roofing material is used.
- roof wedge(gusset). This special device protect the parapet from damage at the attachment points. As a rule, cement or a bar of wood with a triangular section is used. With the help of a wedge, it is possible to cut a ninety-degree angle that forms between the roof and the parapet. Rubbish is clogged in this corner and water accumulates in it.
- Protective canopy. It is made of strong, very resistant steel.
The weakest point is the area where the roof connects to the parapet.
On this segment, damage to the cake as a result most often occurs and leaks occur., which lead to rotting of a flat roof.
In this case, you can not do without repairing the parapet, and possibly without dismantling it.
To avoid unforeseen situations, it is necessary to strictly observe the technology when performing the installation of the junction node.
Roof junction with brick parapet
As mentioned above, it is necessary to build a structure from bricks after the installation of floors and further coating of all layers of the roof.
Here you need to adhere to the following rules:
- When the height of the enclosing structure is less than 50 cm, the waterproofing layer must be wound on the entire side surface of the parapet and fix it with bituminous mastic.
- With a fence height above 50 cm, the groove is best done at a height of 25 cm from the existing roof level. In this case, the waterproofing must reach the height of the groove, and the edges of the insulating material must be brought into this recess and pressed with a metal bar. Places where there are joints must be smeared with bitumen.
If the junction of the roof to the parapet is carried out in compliance with all the rules, then the roof can be operated without repair for a long period of time.
Attachment of the roof to the fence
How to properly equip the junction on a soft roof
It is much more difficult to perform unmistakable work on adjoining this parapet to a soft roof. This design has a "weak" point - the angle between the fence and the roof.
Roll-type roofing materials are distinguished by a certain flexibility. But the situation can be easily corrected. It is about reducing the angle of contact. To achieve this, you need to pour a concrete tide at an angle of 45 degrees.
The ebb should be closed with a strip of insulation, the sides of which must be brought to the parapet.
Your next steps:
- It is necessary to fuse a heat-insulating sheet on the roof;
- A roofing carpet is laid on the sidewall of the blind area (the corner must be closed).
Using this design, you will be able to get a reliable junction of the soft roof to the parapet. The joints in this case will have high-quality waterproofing.
Designing a parapet in stages:
- The basis of the barrier is the ceiling and roof covering, and work must begin with it.
- It is necessary to lay a row of reinforcement with a height of more than 0.5 meters.
- It is necessary to carry out the laying of the enclosing structure. The material can be chosen at your discretion, but it is better to consult a specialist on this issue.
- The masonry must be connected with a fence.
Junction node on a soft roof
Conclusion
The parapet is considered an important and in most cases an indispensable component of flat and pitched roofs. It is very important when mounting the structure to comply with the norms prescribed in SNiP. Particular attention should be paid to the abutment of the roof to the fence.
This issue cannot be left without proper participation. There is also another important point in the implementation of work on the arrangement of a galvanized steel parapet - this is the phased implementation of all your actions.
Useful video
In this video you will learn how to install the parapet adjoining the roof:
If you're determined to build your home with a trendy and functional flat roof, then it's time to put some thought into fencing! So an open area at a height will be safe, comfortable and suitable even for children's games. Moreover, the roof parapet will simultaneously play an important aesthetic role, giving the exterior of the building a complete, logical and stylish look.
You will be surprised to learn how many types of parapets exist, what design masterpieces are made from them and which option is best for you!
So, let's start with what exactly is called a parapet on the roof, and what it should be like. In fact, this is a low perimeter fence, which is equipped not only on roofs, but also on terraces, balconies, bridges and even embankments. The parapet is rightfully considered one of the architectural elements of buildings, because it is always visible, even from afar.
Rain and melt water often falls not only on the cornices, but also on the attics and walls, which are gradually filled with moisture. After some time, the surface begins to crumble, and the masonry begins to collapse. That's just in order to protect the walls and install parapets.
The profiles themselves are often used as lightning rods. To do this, they are grounded, the profiles themselves are selected from a rather thick metal with a seam or terminal connection, high-temperature soldering, welding or threaded connection. But in Russia, there is no official permission to use a metal parapet as a lightning rod yet, as in many other countries.
What is, in fact, a lightning rod? This is a metal part that intercepts the lightning discharge and does not allow the structure to come into contact with the high-temperature channel. And any lightning rod should include three main elements: a lightning receiver, down conductor and grounding.
According to Russian legislation, a lightning rod can be made of steel, aluminum or copper with a thickness of 50, 70 and 35 mm2, respectively, and a minimum thickness of at least 0.5 mm.
At the same time, neither a layer of plastic up to 1 mm, nor a layer of anti-corrosion paint or even an asphalt coating up to 0.5 mm is an obstacle for lightning. In principle, a metal parapet meets these requirements if there is no combustible building structure underneath. But often it is made from other materials too:
Types and types of roof fencing
You have probably noticed that most often the edges of a flat roof are trimmed with metal profiles in the form of attics. This is necessary in order to effectively separate rainwater from the walls, protect the roofing material from mechanical damage and provide the most reliable waterproofing for the parapet.
It will be interesting for you to know that in Western countries the shape of the parapet profile is not chosen based on economic considerations or design ideas - everything is dictated by the codes of construction work.
The profiles for the parapet themselves are load-bearing and non-bearing. If they are mounted on special, corrosion-resistant fasteners and brackets, these are load-bearing systems. The profile itself must be of sufficient thickness, from 1.25 mm, and resistant to any wind.
But non-bearing profiles are attached to auxiliary and supporting structures. They are much thinner, from only 0.4 to 0.8 mm, made of anti-corrosion metal, as well as wood. The compensation bar is glued below the main profile.
The main requirement for the corners and joints of the parapet is water tightness. Therefore, the edging fasteners are always mounted flush. A tWhere the metal edging is glued to the edges of the roof, the width of the overlap must be from 120 mm, and all joints must be waterproof.
If in the process of arranging the parapet you have to install elements with a length of 3 meters or more, then additional structures will be needed.
In total, the thickness of the metal directly depends on the purpose of the parapet:
To solve a problem of any complexity, companies today offer a wide choice: parapets of various shapes, corners, decorative strips and special elements for fixing.
The main requirement for the parapet is that the edging should be sloped to a horizontal surface and equipped with a cornice.
Technical requirements and building codes
With a minimum or zero angle of inclination, a metal parapet is able to withstand increased atmospheric loads.
Modern parapets are made of copper, aluminum and titanium-zinc. Depending on the material of manufacture, the method of connecting the profile is selected: riveting, double fold, welding and high- or low-temperature soldering.
For a copper profile, it is necessary to install a cornice with a size of 50 mm or more. Separately, we also note titanium-zinc, for which there are installation rules: installation with a slope of at least 3 °, and up to 15 ° it is necessary to lay a separating layer with a drainage function.
In Russia, they are rare, but still there are wooden parapets. Naturally, a cover must also be installed on top of them, but this time with an anti-condensate superdiffuse membrane. To do this, you need to install the strips on which the top cover will be attached. Next, a part of the membrane is laid on the corner.
Now, metal strips are also installed on the sides of the parapet, which will protect the tree. A cover is made from a metal sheet (in this case, titanium-zinc is suitable):
To connect the profiles of the parapet end-to-end, you need a standing, double or recumbent fold, as well as trim strips. Abroad, some rules for arranging a parapet recommend connecting the corners of the attics by welding, or cutting the corners of the attic from a single canvas, while others say that only internal corners should be made from two parts. In a word, both options are acceptable to some extent.
The main thing is to take into account the linear expansion and contraction of the metal, because the parapet is in the open air, and most of all of all the structures of the house heats up in the heat and rapidly loses temperature in the cold.
Therefore, if you fasten the roof parapet too rigidly, for example, with a standing seam, or place metal profiles directly on the edge of the roof, then material distortion cannot be avoided.
That is why, if the standing seam technique has already been applied, the use of overlapping butt strips and expansion joints is also necessary:
Arrangement of a parapet on a residential building
Additional supporting and auxiliary structures are made of steel, aluminum and wooden profiles. If you chose wood, the bars should be at least 30 mm thick, plus treat them with bio- and fire retardants.
If you consider metal substructures more reliable, then take a steel profile or stainless aluminum. Ideally, if it is the same metal as the parapet, otherwise consider the compatibility of such materials.
By the way, in Russia most often the parapets are simply glued together. To do this, produce special adhesives for fixing metal products to almost any surface. Those. the parapet, cornice and ebb can be securely fixed to a concrete, wood or brick surface.
For this purpose, moisture-resistant plywood is most often laid on the supporting base of the roof perimeter and fixed. Such a base for the parapet is almost perfect, and metal is attached with Enke glue. This method, unlike others, allows not only to achieve a flat surface and provide the desired reduction in wind noise.
By the way, the easiest option for arranging a parapet is to cover it with mastic or modern liquid rubber:
Parapet roof fastening methods
Parapets are recommended to be made of a metal profile and installed with a slope of 3 ° towards the roof. At the same time, the height of the parapet and the extension beyond the roof depends on the height of the building. There is such a thing as the elevation of the parapet roof.
Let's look at each type of parapet roof attachment.
Method number 1. crutches
We are talking about special products made of steel strip with a width of 40-60 mm and a thickness of 4-5 mm. These strips are welded into a T-shaped profile, which is quite laborious, but most practical, because this increases the contact area.
But crutches have such disadvantages as low corrosion resistance, which causes rusty streaks on the facades of the building, plus the need for a large number of point fasteners. And this leads to loosening of fasteners, separation of the profile in strong winds and the frequent need for repairs.
The main requirement for the installation of crutches is tightness:
Method number 2. False planks
The roof of the parapet is also fastened to false strips made of stainless and galvanized steel with a thickness of at least 1 mm. This method requires welding, but is more reliable in the wind, because here the entire load is evenly distributed over all corners.
Method number 3. overlap
This is the simplest and most affordable profile, but it is far from the most airtight. It is allowed to be used only with a ventilated base and a profile width of up to 300 mm. An additional mount for finishing is mounted on the slats themselves, and at the end of the installation, the tightness of the entire parapet is carefully checked.
Method number 4. sticking
With parapet widths from 600 mm, parapet covers are glued to the base in combination with T-profiles or false strips. Such fastening is the most resistant to wind load and moisture, because there is already an additional layer of waterproofing - glue. Adhesive based on rubber, bitumen and polyurethane fills the pores of the base.
In combination with gluing and a false strip, a UDS connector and an underlay profile are also used.
Here is another good example where sticking is applied:
Only gluing helps when foam is used as a parapet roof. This method is often resorted to when the parapet itself is a continuation of the load-bearing wall of the house, and then it can serve as a bridge of cold. Even more: condense moisture!
Here's how to make such a roof:
- Step 1. Connect the planks at the junction of the corner with mounting glue.
- Step 2. Also put the foam strips on the glue themselves, and cut off the excess from the side of the street.
- Step 3. Stitch the excess foam on top and sweep away debris.
- Step 4. Tape the inner and outer corners with tape, and apply mounting foam on top.
- Step 5. Cut the roofing membrane into pieces of the desired size, and stick on top of the foam.
- Step 6. Carefully seal all seams.
- Step 7. Smooth out the entire surface by hand.
Here's what such a process looks like:
Method number 5. Single or double fold
Single rebate is one of the most popular methods, suitable for profile widths up to 450 mm and ventilated spaces.
A double rebate is recommended with a parapet width of 600 mm or more and with a ventilated space. Another type of fastening with such initial data is prohibited, because temperature fluctuations and additional stresses easily arise here, and, as a result, the nodes are loosened.
Method number 6. Mounting in the inner or outer bar
This method is suitable for adhesive bonding, the presence of a ventilated base and a profile width of up to 600 mm.
Method number 7. Laying a waterproofing membrane
One of the most reliable ways to protect a parapet is to wrap it with a PVC membrane. This must be done in such a way that the PVC membrane either goes on a horizontal surface by 80-100 mm, or on the outer surface of the parapet:
- Step 1. First of all, you need to fix it with a metal rail.
- Step 2. Cut the metal rail to the desired length and fix it on the parapet.
- Step 3 Attach the membrane strip to the parapet between the metal strips.
- Step 4 Lay the membrane tape over the parapet.
- Step 5. Cut out special corners from the membrane and secure them with stitching rollers and a welding machine.
- Step 6. Treat all the edges and folds of the membrane with the same tools.
- Step 7 Lay the canvases at the bottom of the parapet in two layers.
- Step 8 Cover additionally all corners.
Such a membrane can be left like the rest on the roof surface, or additionally covered with metal covers:
We also mention the modern fashion to use a flat roof with a parapet for practical purposes, equipping it with recreation areas and additional open space for personal tasks. In this case, a special glass railing is attached to the parapet:
This is the technology of the device, protection and waterproofing of the parapet of a residential building. Study! And if you have any questions, ask them in the comments to the article.
Many building elements cannot be imagined without architectural elements such as parapets. What is it - a functional element or an ordinary building decor? First of all, the parapet is a rather important aspect, which makes it possible to protect fences, foundations, window frames and walls from the outside from all sorts of damage. What does the abbreviation parapet mean? First of all, it is a wall or fence along the object.
Roof parapets
Let's describe the parapets in more detail. These objects look like a solid wall, in the production of which a metal base of steel is used. It is quite resistant to corrosion. Secondly, they are not whimsical in operation, in connection with which the parapets serve for a long period. Thirdly, the parapets manufactured today have a variety of sizes and form factors and differ in their intended purpose. With all this, it is important to decide on a construct that will not change the appearance of buildings and can be its main element.
Parapets: varieties
Each building is designed individually, and of course its design will not be complete if you do not correctly build a system of parapets. We previously understood that this is an integral part of any building. Now we propose to consider what types of parapets are used today:
- Flat is nothing more than a flat space with diluted droppers on both sides. The flat design of the parapet has a rectangular droplet. This form is the most reliable and easy to install. The simplest design has a pair of slopes and is usually used to protect fences and exterior walls from aggressive influences.
- The parapet-horse is supplemented with a bottom mount, which is covered with a visor on top. The device of this parapet is also difficult due to the installation of two droppers at once. Today, parapets of this design are more durable.
Roof, fence and of course foundation solutions.
Foundation parapets are a kind of slats that protect the base from the damaging effects of water. The design contains the main segment, as well as drips and folds. They are made of steel with a coated galvanized layer, which has a beneficial effect on the service life. Parapets are designed to be the least visible, yet still perform the immediate task reliably. Roof parapets are nothing more than a bar that will serve as a reliable fence for you. Often, the weakest point of any house is the connecting space of the facade and the roof, and it is the parapets that can protect it from harmful atmospheric influences. In ordinary variations, the roof parapets consist of the main part, bends located under the bevel in relation to the bar.
Is fencing really necessary?
Parapets are often installed on the roof, as well as along the side of the balconies. If the roof is of a pitched type, then the element is mounted at a roof height of 10 meters: this will make it possible to save a person from an unintentional fall, for example, during work. As for the main protective purpose, parapets are also necessary in order for the building to acquire an attractive appearance. The form should be selected based on the style decision of a particular building.
Fence parapets
- Today, parapets must meet the following requirements:
The height for the roofs of buildings in operation is 1.2 m. If and besides, it is not used, you can not install a parapet or confine yourself to installing a metal fence. The element assembly must be securely fastened and insulated from moisture. A parapet from 45 cm must be additionally equipped with a protective apron.
Device Features
Based on the direct purpose of the parapet, the design is not complicated and not at all mandatory, but professional builders should still mount it. Since the degree of quality of the device of this element will depend on how well the overall in a buiding. If the device does not take into account a number of characteristic features and the difference in the designs of parapets of various types and purposes, then the walls of both the building itself and the balcony and roof will often get wet. The quality of the materials used also plays an important role in the final result.
