Panels for wall insulation from the inside. Wall insulation from the inside in a corner apartment

The construction industry does not stand still, so today houses are built using new multi-layer building materials. They retain heat in the room much better than buildings made of brick or concrete, which is especially noticeable during the onset of cold weather. However, many of us live in apartments of the old housing stock and are faced with the problem of the need to insulate the walls.

This question is also relevant for those who own a corner apartment, as well as for owners of a private house. If the apartment is cold in winter and there is a draft, or huge sums come to you for heating a private house, the housing needs to be insulated. Proper thermal insulation of the walls will make your apartment warmer and save on heating the house.

Experts unanimously argue that wall insulation from the outside is much more effective. However, situations are known when it is necessary to insulate a wall that joins a staircase or adjoins an elevator shaft. In addition, external wall insulation is unacceptable for those who live in architectural monuments or buildings designed in a certain architectural style. How to warm up in this case?

What you need to know about the insulation of the apartment from the inside?

Experts believe that warming an apartment from the inside can lead to such unexpected results that all the effort and money expended will be wasted. This process must be taken with all responsibility: choose the right material and mount it correctly.

Residents of apartments in which internal wall insulation work was carried out a few years ago often find that the room does not get warmer. Moreover, the wall begins to freeze even more! This situation is explained by the accumulation of condensed moisture in the room, which leads to the appearance of dampness and mold fungi, destruction on the outer wall and peeling of the interior finish, as a result of which the thermal insulation only becomes worse, and heat losses increase.

Therefore, builders do not recommend using ordinary drywall sheets for wall insulation. Its installation can be the final stage of insulation work, but not the main way to finish the walls. Insulating an apartment from the inside is an extremely responsible task, because this work is carried out with the expectation of a long service life, so it is important to take into account all the nuances and features of this type of insulation.

Disadvantages of internal insulation of the walls of the apartment

Before deciding on the thermal insulation of your apartment from the inside, analyze the negative aspects that may accompany such insulation.

Thermal insulation of walls inside the room should be entrusted to professionals!

• First of all, you will have to go for a reduction in the area of ​​​​the room - depending on the material chosen and the features of its installation, it can decrease by 1-1.5 sq.m.
• When carrying out internal insulation work, you will need to vacate the premises for a while, which creates problems for residents one-room apartments and large families where many people live.
• Insulation work requires skill and certain skills - if you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.
• You can not limit yourself to simple wall cladding, otherwise mold and fungus will form, and the insulation will not last long. These negative aspects will lead to the formation of an unhealthy microclimate, the destruction of the interior decoration of the room and outer wall premises. Similar troubles occur if you do not adhere to the process.

• The building material chosen for insulation should be a weak heat conductor, since its purpose is to retain heat in your apartment.
• The material must be selected environmentally friendly, since the release of hazardous substances will adversely affect the health of the residents of the apartment.
• The material must be refractory and not react to temperature changes.
• The material must be moisture resistant, otherwise it will not last long and will not provide heat retention.
• When choosing a thermal insulation material, remember that its vapor permeability should be low (preferably lower than that of outer wall- then the steam will not go into the room, but outside).
• Choose a quality thermal insulation material that retains its shape for a long time.
• For insulation of walls from the inside, heaters are optimal, which are mounted without joints, gaps and seams.
• Joints and joints must be carefully sealed.
• When installing, use a vapor barrier film. Please note that in this case it is impossible to save - the film must be of high quality.
• Remember that to reduce humidity, the room must be regularly ventilated. To do this, make small ventilation holes with grates in the walls.
• Before carrying out insulation work, treat the surface of the walls with an antibacterial composition aimed at destroying fungus and mold, as well as preventing their occurrence.

Traditional materials for warming an apartment

Mineral wool

This material is most often used when working on the internal insulation of the room. When working with mineral wool, install metal racks, between which layers of cotton wool are placed. Then the structure is covered with plasterboard panels, plastered and finished with a decorative coating. This is one of the most economical ways to insulate walls.

However mineral wool has a very high moisture absorption capacity and is not durable material. So such insulation is rather a temporary measure, since the room will become damp in a few years and will require more capital investments. Experts are especially negative about mineral wool in rolls, since it is characterized by a very low coefficient of heat resistance.

Today, the construction market offers new types of this material, the properties of which are more reminiscent of polystyrene. It is worth noting that it will not be possible to ensure 100% dryness of the room, since the vapor permeability of mineral wool is always higher than that of any material that is used to build the outer wall.

Expanded polystyrene (styrofoam)

This material is becoming increasingly popular: it is characterized by good resistance to moisture absorption, has a low vapor permeability, low thermal conductivity, and also has a small thickness, which makes it possible to save space and do without mounting frames.

Expanded polystyrene can withstand significant loads, compression and tearing forces. Styrofoam is very light, and it can be easily divided into the desired pieces using a simple knife. Expanded polystyrene is easy to install and is attached with dowels or glue, however, the place where the material comes into contact with the wall must be insulated with polyurethane foam for greater tightness.

The modern market offers two types of this material - foamed and extruded, so you may wonder which one is more suitable for interior work. The main difference between them is the manufacturing method:

• foam type foam is produced by foaming individual granules. Experts say that over time, experiencing temperature changes, changes in humidity conditions and other factors, the bond between individual particles of expanded polystyrene foam type becomes weaker, and this leads to breaks.
• extruded foam is produced by squeezing a liquid mass through the holes of the extruder apparatus. Such expanded polystyrene is considered more durable, as it has a solid structure. By and large, these differences are more fundamental for outdoor work, since indoors, with proper wall preparation, external environment material will not be significantly affected.

However, the foam is not ideal for insulation, since there will still be joints between its sheets, which will facilitate the penetration of moisture. During the installation process, it is necessary to fit the sheets to each other as tightly as possible, smearing the seams with sealant. Now on the building materials market you can find polystyrene foam with a cut edge - when it is installed, the joints are more airtight. The disadvantages include poor sound insulation of such material.

polyurethane foam

This material consists of many sealed cells filled with air or an inert gas. Construction experts consider this material the most reliable in wall insulation. Polyurethane foam is very easy to use and most convenient to install, as it does not require additional fasteners. It is moisture resistant, has excellent thermal insulation and fills all the cracks and holes. it is also characterized by high "tenacity", forming a single whole with the wall. This material does not get wet and does not pass moisture.

Polyurethane foam is one of the most reliable insulation

For the installation of polyurethane foam should be prepared metal carcass or formwork so that the final surface is as even as possible and has a given thickness. The material is applied in the form of a layer or spraying directly onto the surface - it foams immediately and hardens almost instantly. Further, experts in the construction industry advise to fix the layer of polyethylene film with glue.

Before execution decorative finishes the premises should be covered with drywall sheets, since the material itself is fragile and does not have a sufficient degree of density to withstand Finishing work. Alas, the installation of drywall will somewhat reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Modern materials for wall insulation

Innovations in the construction industry almost every year make it possible to launch new materials on the market that manufacturers recommend using for internal insulation of apartments. Among these materials, the following types can be distinguished:

• "Warm" plaster. It practically does not take up the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe insulated room and looks good, however, this material is characterized by high vapor permeability and perfectly absorbs moisture. The ability of such plaster to retain heat cannot be compared with the same polyurethane foam or polystyrene.
• Foamed polyethylene. This material has a foil coating, so it retains heat well. However, it is difficult to install - not every master knows how to work with this material, since it is necessary to ensure the correct layer of air between it and the wall.
• Liquid ceramics (ceramic thermal insulation). This is a new product on the building insulation market - a liquid mass of vacuum microcavities, consisting of a silicone-ceramic mixture and a polymeric liquid that binds them. If a coloring pigment is added to the liquid, then this material is called thermal paint. The manufacturers of this material claim that 1 cm of this insulation replaces 5 cm of mineral wool. It has good tenacity and well protects against the formation of mold. The disadvantages include the high cost of this material, and its consumption is quite significant. Liquid ceramics was invented in the USA, but today in some states it is forbidden to use it as an internal insulation, which makes us think about its environmental qualities.

Features of the insulation work

After you decide on the method of insulation, you can begin to purchase the materials necessary for work. In this case, it is worth considering such important aspects as the time and conditions under which it is best to carry out insulation work. Savings in this case are inappropriate: strictly adhere to all the points that are required technological process, as an attempt to save 10-15% of the cost of repairs will subsequently turn into significant problems.

It is better to carry out work in the warm season - from late spring to early autumn, when there is no frequent precipitation, dampness and high humidity. At the beginning of work, you need to dismantle all the decorative coating - remove the wallpaper or peel off the paint, and also beat off the layer of plaster, because you have to work with the base, that is, brick or concrete surface. finished wall must be cleaned of dust using a vacuum cleaner (or carefully walking with a hard broom), paying particular attention to damp places.

After that, the surface of the wall must be treated with antifungal agents and primed. It is best to choose a primer that is characterized a high degree penetration. After each step, the surface should dry well. To speed up the process a little and dry the wall to its full depth, use a heat gun - this way you will reduce the humidity as much as possible.

If you are planning to insulate brick wall polystyrene foam, it must first be plastered, and it is desirable to use mixtures intended for bathrooms and pools. If the surface of the walls is uneven, use beacons. The plaster must be allowed to dry without the use of heat guns, naturally- then its strength will be higher.

The next step should be priming the plaster layer. If you are insulating walls made of concrete, make sure that all joints between the plates are sealed with sealant, or apply mastic. Only after the specified preparatory work can proceed to the direct insulation of the walls with the selected materials.

External thermal insulation of structures high-rise building- a complex event performed by masters - high-altitude workers for the appropriate payment. An alternative solution that requires much lower costs is the insulation of walls from the inside. How to implement it correctly, read this article.

How to insulate the premises of the apartment

Thermal insulation of buildings is recommended to be performed from the outside, but this option is not always available to residents of high-rise buildings. Warming inside rooms is cheaper, but requires strict adherence to technology, otherwise dampness and mold will form in the thickness of the “pie”.

Important. The secret of internal thermal insulation is the creation of a barrier to the path of water vapor penetrating into the concrete enclosure from the room. In such structures, the dew point occurs at the junction of the insulation with the wall, which is why the steam that has fallen into this zone condenses. A small amount of moisture has time to weather out into the street, and a large amount accumulates and serves as a focus for the formation of fungus.

How can you insulate the internal surfaces of walls, floors and ceilings in a brick or panel house:

• mineral wool sold in slabs and rolls;
• polymeric materials based on polystyrene - polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam, often called foam plastic by the name of the brand;
• polyethylene foam coated on one side with a reflective foil layer.

For thermal insulation of roofs, attics and walls of private houses, polyurethane foam is also used, applied through a spray gun using a compressor. Inexpensive this method you can’t name it, it is rarely used in apartments. Now let's analyze each insulation separately.

Properties of mineral wool

Commercially available mineral wool is made on the basis of glass and basalt fibers. Inside the apartment, it is better to use the second one, since glass wool is intended for outdoor work and insulation of cold roofs.

Basalt or stone wool has the following properties:

• high fire resistance (can withstand temperatures up to 600 ° C);
• good indicators of thermal conductivity - 0.05 W / (m ° C) in the operating mode;
• the material is permeable to water vapor and is able to accumulate moisture;
• The price starts from 27 USD. e. for 1 m³.

Reference. Mineral wool is produced in various densities: 35-60 kg/m³ in rolls, up to 200 kg/m³ in slabs.

Porous mineral wool products are suitable for external insulation of facades and internal insulation of walls wooden house, in particular, the frame. From the inside of buildings built of brick or reinforced concrete, the material should not be used due to high vapor permeability. In addition, cotton wool contains harmful dust and is inferior to polymers in thermal conductivity.

Polystyrene insulation

Materials in the form of solid boards are made of expanded polystyrene and are divided into 2 groups:

1. Polyfoam with density from 15 to 35 kg/m³.
2. Extruded polystyrene foam (otherwise - penoplex) with a density of 30-50 kg / m³.

It looks like foam in slabs

The difference between them lies in thermal conductivity, vapor permeability and price. Styrofoam is the cheapest insulation (from 32 cu per 1 m³), ​​capable of passing water vapor in small quantities. Penoplex practically does not let vapor through, and in terms of thermal insulation ability it significantly exceeds foam plastic: the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.043 W / (m ° C) versus 0.053. The price of the "extruder" is decent - from 197 USD. e. per cubic meter.

Note. Both materials are equally combustible and have high hardness, but extruded polystyrene is more durable.

In an apartment where every meter of area counts, it is best to use penoplex and its derivatives for insulation with your own hands, despite the high cost. If the budget is limited, you can take the foam, but carefully perform the vapor barrier, which will be discussed later.

Polyethylene foil products

Foamed polyethylene is produced in the form of thin sheets 6-10 mm thick with a layer of aluminum foil glued on one side. The role of the latter is to reflect infrared heat back to the room.

Reference. The material is often called by the names of popular brands - "Penofol" and "Isolon".

By thermal insulation characteristics"Penofol" is close to extruded polystyrene foam, and it repels moisture even better. There is no need to talk about the durability of polyethylene, this is a well-known fact. There is only one drawback: the products do not have the required thickness to create a serious obstacle to heat flow.

Polyethylene foam is an excellent addition to other heaters. It can act as a vapor barrier or serve as primary thermal insulation for balconies and loggias. Use "Penofol" as independent material should not be - due to the small thickness of the sheet, the application will not give the expected effect. More information about the choice of thermal insulation is described in the video:

Technology of internal thermal insulation

There are 2 ways of internal insulation of the walls of the apartment:

1. Mounting insulation directly on a leveled surface under plaster or wallpaper.
2. Installation of material on a subsystem of metal profiles for plasterboard lining.

The first method is used in order to save usable volume, when the walls are fairly even, and plasterboard finishing is not planned. The advantage of the second option is the ability to lay a thick layer of heat-insulating material.

Before you insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, you need to prepare it: remove old wallpaper and falling off plaster, remove protrusions and repair cracks. It is highly recommended to prime the surface with an antibacterial composition for 2 times.

An important point. Direct fastening of the slab insulation to the surface is provided suitable type adhesive mixture. For mineral wool and foam, different compositions are used.

In order not to arrange additional vapor barrier of the "pie", it is better to glue extruded polystyrene foam 40-50 mm thick to the wall. More foam will be needed - 8-10 cm, and material with a density of 35 kg / m³ should be taken and fastened in 2 layers of 40 mm each with overlapping seams. The technology is like this:

Attention! It is not allowed to insulate the wall of the apartment, which is wet or covered with fungus from the inside. The surface must be clean and absolutely dry. How to properly insulate with foam, look at the video:

At the end of the work, you should wait for the complete solidification of the solution for 1-2 days, and then proceed to the further facing of the apartment. If it is planned to install drywall on a frame made of galvanized profiles, then the insulation is done as follows:

Advice. Instead of a conventional film, Penofol can be used as vapor insulation, only the canvases need to be laid end-to-end and glued with aluminum tape. This option is also suitable for a bathroom with high humidity.

If the inside is thermally insulated with foam plastic or foam plastic, it is undesirable to use a frame made of wooden beams. Due to contact polymer material with organic, the latter will start to rot. The tree is excellent "friends" with mineral wool.

To prevent the wall from freezing from the side of the window in winter, do not forget to insulate the slopes with thin plates of extruded polystyrene foam. How to make the thermal insulation of an apartment under the cladding of the plasterboard, see the next video:

Floor and ceiling insulation

When above the apartment of the last floor is located cold attic or iron concrete floor, it is desirable to insulate the ceiling. Methods of work are similar to the thermal insulation of walls - gluing plates to the surface or installing a subsystem. The material is fixed to the ceiling with dowels in the form of umbrellas or self-tapping screws to the profiles.

Warming of the floors of the first floor is carried out in three ways:

• from the inside under a cement-sand screed;
• the same, on wooden logs;
• outside, from the basement.

Floors can be insulated with high-density foam plastic 35 kg/m³, foam plastic and slab mineral wool 100 kg/m³. In the first case, the material is laid on a concrete floor, covered with a vapor barrier film and poured with a cement-sand mortar. In the second option, the insulation is laid between the lags, and in the third, it is attached to the slabs from the basement.

Conclusion

If you decide to insulate the apartment with your own hands, then it is better to do this during the repair process. All external fences of the premises should be sheathed with insulation at the same time, and not postpone the thermal insulation of ceilings or floors for the next time. Also pay attention to the efficiency of ventilation: after insulation, the dwelling should not turn into a thermos, water vapor must be removed with a hood.

Structural engineer with over 8 years experience in construction.
Graduated from East Ukrainian National University them. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronic Industry Equipment in 2011.

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Pay increases every year utilities, especially for heating and electricity, and the rooms are still cold, even when the batteries are hot. Best and effective solution problems of heat conservation is the insulation of the walls of apartments from the outside or from the inside of the room.

Insulation from the outside in practice can be difficult to implement if:

• the facade of the building has an expensive finish;
• the apartment is adjacent to unheated technical rooms;
• the building you live in is a listed building and there is no way to obtain a work permit;
• the house is multi-storey, the insulation of the wall of one apartment spoils the design of the facade of the entire building;
• insulation must be carried out by the entire riser, but this is not always realistic due to the financial capabilities of individual residents;
• attracting construction organizations requires significant cash injections.

To preserve heat, it is necessary to take care of the tightness of the doorway and. A simple way to create a comfortable microclimate in the apartment: in the summer heat, the desired coolness, and in the winter cold, warmth is the insulation of the walls of the apartment rooms from the inside. Find out how to choose the right insulation in a large range of products offered.

The work of thermal insulation of apartments from the inside is complex and time-consuming. Experts do not have a common opinion and recommendations on wall insulation, although there are many developments and proposals, but they are the same in one thing - for a good result, you need to purchase high-quality material and properly prepare the wall surface.

When choosing a heater, it is necessary to take into account the following properties:

• low thermal conductivity;
• minimal hygroscopicity (moisture absorption);
• good sound insulation;
• mechanical strength and durability;
• does not support combustion and prevents the spread of fire;
• light weight and easy to install.

Having come to the market or to a building materials store, it is difficult to choose the necessary insulation in a huge variety of products. Let's take a look at some of the most used thermal insulation materials. Producers: and others.

Inorganic type insulation

The material for the production of this type of heat insulators are mineral substances: sand, glass, asbestos, various rocks.

• Wall surface preparation. The walls need to be level. If the new building and the wall are brick, it is necessary; if it is concrete, it is enough to level with putty. If we decide to insulate the walls of the apartment in which we live, it is necessary to clean them of wallpaper, paint, remove nails, dowels from the surface, and cover the chips and recesses with alabaster, if there are protruding irregularities, beat them off. In the presence of fungus or mold, we clean with an emery cloth, and wash and dry the walls, putty the surface, if there are significant irregularities, we plaster.
• Preparing the work site. When preparing the wall, remove the plinth and flooring, baguette, so that nothing prevents the installation of foam boards. We prime a dry wall with a brush or spray, you can use an antifungal primer. Experts recommend laying between the PPS slabs and the wall waterproofing material then moisture will not get on the insulation.
• Foam padding. After complete leveling and drying of the wall surface, we begin to lay the foam, starting from the corner, from the floor. We press the insulation tightly to the surface and drill a hole exactly in the center with a recess of 5 cm into the wall, drive in fasteners - an umbrella, and then a dowel so that the hat does not protrude on the surface of the sheet. Carefully fix the foam plate in 5-6 places. And so each sheet is carefully pressed against the wall and against each other, we provide a dense and monolithic mount. If there are gaps, they can be removed. mounting foam.
  Now more and more often glue is used to fix the foam, which is applied to the wall with a comb.
• We seal the seams between the foam sheets. We apply glue to all the seams, and put a reinforced tape on top, so that it becomes one with the surface of the foam and does not appear in the form of bumps and folds. To obtain the desired effect, we stretch it and press it against the foam with a spatula and press it into the adhesive mixture. We also coat the caps of the fastening elements with glue. It is impossible for gaps to remain, they become “cold bridges” and nullify all the work.
• We lay the vapor barrier material. After the surface at the seams becomes dry, it is necessary to cover the insulation with a special material. To do this, we apply a mesh (film) over the foam plastic, which protects it from moisture coming from inside the room. From above, along the seams covered with a reinforced mesh, we apply glue along its width and apply a vapor barrier material, with a spatula we sink it into the glue, and so on, each row with a slight overlap. After the wall is covered with a grid, we smooth out the irregularities using sandpaper or a special grinding tool.
• Outcome. Before us is a flat wall that can be decorated at your discretion.

Warming the walls of the apartment with underfloor heating mats

This method of insulation is used extremely rarely and can easily be called experimental. If the walls are very cold, this is a great option to keep and increase the heat in the room, although the cost of electricity increases.
The work is carried out in several stages:

• we attach a ready-to-use mat to the wall

  Modern construction is developing at lightning speed. It is difficult to follow the new creative innovations in the technology of interior insulation from the inside. What was progressive yesterday seems time-consuming, complex and of lesser quality today. This applies to the insulation of apartments by the method warm plaster, relatively recently this method was very popular. It is worth mentioning this option, maybe someone, due to certain circumstances, will be interested in it. The whole point is a layer of 100 mm, so that it holds, we do the work in three stages:

  1. Liquid plaster is "sprayed" on the wall with a layer of 10 mm thick, filling all the cracks, recesses, surface cracks.
  2. After the first layer has dried, apply the main 60 mm and also dry thoroughly.
  3. Finishing layer - grouting 5 mm thick.

  The process is laborious, it takes a lot of effort and time to dry each layer, professional skills are needed in order to get the job done.

  We provide effective ventilation of the room insulated from the inside

  Proper ventilation is essential for the health of both the home and the occupants. Insulation of an apartment often leads to a violation of certain ventilation conditions of the apartment. That is, it is important to ensure the temperature, humidity, speed of air flow. If the balance is disturbed, then on the walls, and due to lack of oxygen, the tenants will suffer from headaches and weakness.

  Natural ventilation has a number of disadvantages: heat loss in winter time, in summer it is impossible to carry out normal air conditioning, noise, dust. To create an optimal microclimate, it is necessary forced ventilation using duct fans. Their start can be blocked with the inclusion of lighting. Everything needs to be opened ventilation grates for better air exchange.

  Do not interfere with the daily ventilation of the rooms.

  Insulation of apartments is carried out in combination with insulation of the floor (especially the first floor), ceiling or roof (important if the room is located on last floor), doors, windows.

Sometimes it happens that the heating works well, there is a three-chamber double-glazed window, there are no cracks and drafts, but the room is cold. This situation is especially common in corner apartment. This is due to large heat losses. One of the ways out in this case may be additional insulation of the apartment from the inside.

Inside or outside?

It is most correct to fix the insulation from the outside. In this case, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer will be significantly less, and the likelihood of condensation is reduced to a minimum.

Internal insulation, although not the best the best option, but still has the right to life, especially in the following cases:

• administrative ban on execution facade works for insulation;
• the presence of a compensatory expansion joint;
• the presence of electrical or gas communications;
• the exit of the wall in need of insulation into the elevator shaft;
• the location of the apartment above the first floor.

The last point requires a little clarification. If the insulation is done by hand, then on the ground floor, thermal insulation can be attached both from the outside and from inside. With an increase in the number of storeys, the use of climbing equipment is already required and for independent work only the option of internal insulation is suitable.

Types of heaters

To date, there is a large selection of what you can do with thermal insulation:

• mineral basalt wool;
• glass wool;
• expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
• extruded polystyrene foam (EPS);
• foam polyethylene.

Fiber materials

Mineral wool and glass wool belong to the class of fibrous heaters. They are mats or rolls of compressed fibers. There is air inside between the fibers.

A characteristic feature of such materials is a sharp decrease in thermal insulation characteristics when wet, which entails the need to use additional vapor barrier from the side of the room.

The only option when mats can be used without additional protection is to place them inside the wall.

The insulation is placed between the outer and inner layers, made of brick or concrete.

Foam materials

Styrofoam and similar in properties to XPS in the form of plates have a closed cellular structure. The air enclosed inside the cells isolated from each other is a good heat insulator.

A significant advantage of such materials is that they are not afraid of moisture. No additional protection is required when using them.

More recently, a new roll material- foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, foiled on one or both sides with aluminum. It can be used as a support material to improve thermal insulation properties the entire wall structure.

Foil polyethylene, in addition to the function of direct insulation, is able to create a vapor barrier and a screen that reflects infrared heat from heating devices into the room.

Basic schemes for performing work

Insulating the walls of an apartment by simply sheathing them from the inside with a thick layer of thermal insulation is a very risky undertaking. There is a high chance that the effort will be wasted.

In the inner layers of the structure, zones favorable for the formation of condensate will form. Moisture, regardless of the type of insulation used (for wool a little faster, for EPPS slower), will come to the surface of the finish in the form of weeping spots, and then fungus and mold. In order for the wall to be dry and warm, there are two solutions.

Construction of an additional wall

In this case, a "well" masonry with internal insulation is reproduced. An additional partition is erected at some distance from the main wall of brick or wall blocks. The thickness varies between 100 - 150 mm. A heater is installed in the resulting gap.

Inside, the possible dew point will be either in the thickness of the outer wall, or on its border with the insulation. Whole array inner wall stays dry.

External wall heating

A heating mat of an electric floor is fixed on the insulated surface, which automatically turns on when critical temperatures are reached. On top of the heating mat, thermal insulation and a final fine finish are mounted. In practice, such a scheme is implemented quite rarely due to the high costs of electricity in cold period of the year.

A similar principle arises when insulating the walls of a panel house with an internal arrangement of the system central heating. circulating through pipes hot water heats the wall from the inside and prevents condensation from forming.

It is enough to mount the required layer of the missing thermal insulation to get the desired effect.

Performance of thermal insulation works

Depending on the climatic zone where the building is located, the material and thickness of the walls, the composition and design of the insulation of the internal surfaces of the room will vary. Possible options there will be a very large number. To obtain optimal results, it is necessary in each case to carry out at least approximate calculations before starting work.

For getting general idea on the progress of the work, you can consider the process of insulating a brick and concrete wall using EPPS.

Material selection

One of the brands under which XPS is produced is penoplex. This material is 20 - 100 mm thick, 600 x 1200 mm in size. A distinctive feature is the presence of a fold along the perimeter, which provides a tight pairing of adjacent sheets.

Fastening foam to the surface is much easier than in the case of mineral wool. There is no need to build a frame or use plastic "fungi" to fix the insulation. It is quite possible to get by with “liquid nails” construction adhesive (for a more or less even surface) or adhesive solution based on a ready-made dry mix (if necessary, smoothing small irregularities).

Determining the thickness of the heat insulator

How much insulation to lay in the wall? The answer to this question can be given by heat calculation, which takes into account the type of building, building material, climate zone and parameters of the heating system.

When doing work with your own hands, such calculations are often problematic. In practice, most often limited to approximate, averaged values.

So, for a brick wall with a thickness of 300 - 500 mm, it is quite enough to lay 100 - 150 mm of foam inside.

This design will be able to withstand up to -30 ° C. In panel houses with an intra-wall heating system, 100 mm of insulation will be enough.

The process of doing thermal insulation with your own hands begins with the preparation of the base. The surface of the brickwork and the joints with the ceilings are examined in order to identify through cracks. If necessary, they are closed mortar or mounting foam.

In order to fix the insulation, an auxiliary wall is erected at a certain distance from the outer wall. Thermal insulation sheets are installed in the resulting gap.

Another option for carrying out work involves fixing the penoplex on the surface of the main street wall using adhesive compositions. Then, an additional wall is erected close to the resulting layer.

Thermal insulation of reinforced concrete wall

In panel houses, the probability of cracks occurring at the junction of individual blocks is quite high. For a corner apartment, the search and repair of cracks in the joints is a prerequisite. Through through cracks, heat, despite the insulation, will be blown out into the street.

In large-panel housing construction, very often central heating radiators are hidden inside. During the heating season, the surface always remains warm.

This feature greatly simplifies the thermal insulation scheme. Penoplex is attached directly to the inner surfaces of the walls. Finishing can be done directly on the insulation.

The dew point will be in the depth of the wall closer to the street. Favorable conditions for the formation of condensate are not created. The insulation layer and interior trim will remain dry throughout the entire period of operation.

If the house or apartment is cold and uncomfortable in the cold, and you continue to pay huge sums for heating, then you should think about whether there is a reason why the heat is not kept indoors. The simplest assumption is that heat escapes through the walls.

But internal insulation is usually carried out only in extreme cases, for example, when the authorities impose a ban on changing the facade. If there is a seam between buildings behind the wall, then external thermal insulation will also be impossible. Sometimes this approach cannot be implemented when there is an elevator shaft behind the wall or an unheated room to which there is no access.

Features of insulation from the inside

If you are faced with the question of how to insulate the walls brick house from the inside, then you must remember that the main problem in carrying out such work is the fact that the wall can begin to freeze even more. This results in a dew point shift as moisture begins to condense onto the surface of the wall. Condensation causes dampness, which destroys materials and the finishing layer. All this contributes to the deterioration of the thermal insulation properties of the insulation, and the heat loss at the same time turns out to be even higher, high humidity is also added to this problem.

Brick walls are exposed to greater destruction. In order to avoid this, you should choose heaters, the vapor permeability of which is minimal, and there is no moisture absorption. During installation, there should be no joints and seams between the canvases through which condensed moisture could penetrate into the premises. These criteria do not fit:

• liquid ceramics;
• mineral wool;
• drywall;
• cork;
• warm plaster.

The last option can only be used at the final stage. Moisture-absorbing fibrous and vapor-permeable materials are not suitable for thermal insulation of walls from the inside. It is better to refuse from expanded polystyrene, because it is rather difficult to achieve proper joining of the material with the walls without using a solution. The joints between the canvases will play an important role in reducing tightness.

What to consider before starting insulation

Before you insulate the wall from the inside with your own hands, you must make sure that it is as dry as possible. The insulation must have a minimum vapor permeability and high moisture resistance. The wall from must be protected by hydro and vapor barrier. The insulation layer should not have cracks, joints and gaps.

If you want to insulate the walls in an apartment from the inside in a panel house, then as one of good decisions stands the construction of another wall inside the room. It should fit snugly with the outer one or be separated from it by an air gap. Sometimes a layer of thermal insulation is placed between these surfaces, which acts as a buffer. But such measures reduce the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room to 7 m 3.

Material selection

Before starting work, you should ask yourself how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside. For example, polyurethane foam allows you to create a moisture-resistant barrier with high thermal insulation properties. The problem can only be expressed in the method of application. Initially, the material is a foamed liquid that quickly hardens. To form an even base and sufficient thickness, formwork should be installed, filling the internal space in parts. Using wireframes will not work. Elements of such a system made of metal or wood can also become sources of dampness.

After forming the surface of the insulating layer, it is necessary to install hydro- and vapor protection. For this, it is applied polyethylene film, which is fixed to adjacent walls, floor and ceiling with the help of rails. Gluing is carried out with mastic or sealant.

Polyurethane foam is characterized by low strength and density. This indicates that subsequent finishing cladding and plastering will not be possible. To do this, it is necessary to erect drywall walls, which are erected on a frame and fixed on an adjacent wall, floor and ceiling. in this case, it will be located at the junction of polyurethane foam and the wall or in the thickness of the thermal insulation.

Insulation with a double wall

If you want to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then you can use the "Double Wall" technology. A warm floor will act as a thermal barrier. Installed on the surface of the wall heating elements. Heating can only be switched on very coldy to heat the inside of the wall and shift the dew point.

For normal finishing of the room, a second wall of drywall or brick is installed. The insulation is mounted on a false wall from the side of the opening. This option will save in severe frosts and eliminate destruction, as well as the formation of dampness. But you will spend a lot of money on electricity. This is due to the fact that you will heat not only the volume of air in the room, but also the street.

The use of penoplex

If you still have not decided how to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, then you can use polystyrene foam or foam plastic. Due to the fact that it does not meet the characteristics for such work, special attention must be paid to installation work. The material is smooth sheets of dense material. Joints will certainly form between them during the installation process. It will not be possible to completely get rid of them, so a layer of sealant will have to be applied to the ends.

The technology of applying the solution with separate cakes should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that air chambers are formed as a result, where condensate accumulates. Water in this case finds cracks to enter the room. The only option would be to apply glue to the entire sheet and tightly adhere the material to the wall over the entire area. Before applying the solution, it is necessary to use a needle roller, which processes the surface of the material. This will ensure the best penetration of the solution. This is especially true for the option with penoplex.

This mounting method will require wall alignment. Use normal cement-sand mortar it is forbidden. It is better to use a mixture that forms a waterproof layer. From use anchor fastenings should also be abandoned. This is due to the fact that leaky transitions will form in the places of their installation.

If you plan to use the mesh reinforcement method and apply plaster over the foam, then the structure should be reinforced with profiles that are located between the insulation sheets and are fixed from above and below to the floor and ceiling.

Work procedure

If you decide to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside, then after choosing a specific method of work, you must bring the surface into perfect condition. To do this, the old coating is removed from the base in the form of lining, decorative elements, paint and wallpaper. The plaster is also removed. You must see concrete slab or brickwork.

The surface should be cleaned of dust and dirt with a broom and a vacuum cleaner. Special attention should be given to places where the walls were especially damp. Before insulating the wall from the inside, it should be treated with an antiseptic and coated with a primer. After each operation, the base is left until dry.

Priming should be done with a deep penetrating compound. If you plan to use foam or heating elements, then the wall is plastered and leveled. You can use water repellents in this process, ready mixes for swimming pools and bathrooms. In this case, the method of plastering with the help of beacons is suitable. The technology is relevant if the magnitude of the differences is more than 10 mm.

The plaster layer should dry for several days. Only in this way will the material gain normal strength. This process should not be accelerated by heaters. The surface of the plaster is primed again. This step should be omitted if we are talking O concrete walls, which are equal. In the case of them, you can seal the joints with a moisture-resistant mortar, mastic or sealant.

Warming process

Quite often, home craftsmen are faced with the question of how to insulate a wall from the inside. In each case, the technology will be different. Some of the details have been described above. After the installation of the thermal insulation layer, a drying period follows. Only then can you proceed with the installation of the second wall, where the finishing finishing layer will be applied like tiles, wallpaper, paint or cork.

For installation drywall boards you have to form a framework. Plates will be attached to the ceiling, floor and walls. A gap of 5 cm should be left between the thermal insulation and the wall. If you want to use high-density polystyrene foam, then you can limit yourself to applying reinforcing mesh and plastering. But the durability and the result will depend on the quality of the installation of the foam. The joints between the sheets must be coated with sealant, and the canvases are fixed on a uniformly thin layer of mortar.

Insulation of a corner apartment with mineral wool

If you were among those who wondered how to insulate corner wall from the inside, then you can use mineral wool as a material for work. It consists of natural fibers, is environmentally friendly and is made from rocks by melting them. Cloths of this thermal insulation have low weight, excellent sound insulation and low thermal conductivity. Mineral wool is ready to serve for quite a long time, and is installed on the wall between rails made of metal profiles or wood bars.

How to insulate a wall from the inside? This question is quite relevant for residents of corner apartments. When installing mineral wool on walls, you must take care of waterproofing. This is important, because the moistened heat insulator loses its properties. Before installation, the walls are covered with a moisture-proof film. You can make a frame from wooden slats, the distance between which will be equal to the width of the insulation plate. From this value it is necessary to subtract about 2 cm.

After laying the mineral wool, a layer of vapor barrier or a superdiffusion membrane is then covered. Rails are stuffed onto the guides, which will allow you to create air gap, which is necessary in order for moisture to evaporate from the superdiffusion membrane. Plasterboard or plywood is stuffed onto the rails. With mineral wool it is better to work with glasses and gloves, as well as a respirator.

Insulation of a corner apartment with foam

If you are concerned about the question of how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside, then for this you can also use foam. It is more common for the reason that it is easy to mount, and its cost is affordable. For an apartment, you can purchase polystyrene foam, which contains substances that prevent ignition. Before laying the slabs, liquid waterproofing is applied to the leveled wall. Tile adhesive should be applied to the sheets of insulation. A comb spatula acts as a tool for this.

After filling the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall, a mounting grid is glued on top, which is covered with putty. Once dry, the surface can be wallpapered or painted. Before insulating a wall from the inside, you should consider what material to use. If foam or foam plastic is used, then fungus and mold can form between the moisture-proof layer and the wall. This also applies to foil penofol. This is due to the fact that the wall in the panel or brick house stops breathing, and in conditions of a cold circuit and access to moisture, it begins to become covered with condensate.

Insulation with drywall

If you want to resolve the issue of how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, you can use the technology that involves the use of drywall. This method is fast and simple. A distance of 3 cm must be maintained from the draft surface to the front base. With an increase in this space, more insulation will fit into the voids of the structure. This method is great for large rooms, because the wall thickens during the installation of thermal insulation.

The process begins with the installation of a frame made of metal profiles. They are removed from the wall by 2 cm. The frame must be made of a galvanized profile. A tape is glued to the sole of the elements to isolate the surface from the plaster. This will protect the drywall from the cold that is transmitted through the metal profile. Mineral wool is placed in the cavity of the frame, and the layer between the wall and drywall will also become a heater.

The next step is the installation of drywall. When insulating rooms with high humidity you should not save - it is better to purchase moisture-resistant material. At the final stage, the tiles are finished with wallpaper.

Thermal insulation in a panel house

How to insulate panel wall from the inside - this is an urgent issue that interests many apartment owners. For work, you can use plaster. If it's about brickwork, then you will be able to cope with the work in a short time. The material is laid in three layers, each of which dries well.

At the first stage, the composition is applied by spraying. This will fill in all the bumps and gaps. The thickness does not exceed 10 mm. The main stage is the application of a primer layer 5 cm thick. The effectiveness of thermal insulation will depend on the quality of this stage.

If you want to know how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside, you can use foam. Even a beginner can handle its installation. But mineral wool, although it is an excellent option, takes up more space. It has one important advantage, which is expressed in the fact that in the process of fixing the material does not need a prepared layer of plaster.