In 2012, by the protocol of the interstate commission (MGNTKS) No. 40, the Gost was adopted for the installation plastic windows 30971 2012, which defines the technical requirements for assembly joints. By order of Rosstandart in December 2012, it was introduced as a national standard from 01.01.2014.

It is used by installation companies when performing work, designers - when preparing documentation, manufacturers - for certification of products. For private customers, it is useful in the form of information to control the quality of the installation of windows.

To check if the seams are correctly installed installation gost 30971 2012 must be downloaded before the start of work or design. In order to check whether GOST 30971 2012 is obligatory for application, it is necessary to open the list of standards and codes of practice (approved by the government decree No. 1521 of 12/26/2014).

At present, according to Rosstandart, GOST 30971 2012 has the status of an actual standard. The document consists of eight main sections and the same number of appendices, indicated by the letters of the Russian alphabet.

Scope of the document

According to the first section of GOST 30971 2012, the current one does not apply to attic structures, facade hinged systems and special products with special conditions.

The main rule defined in the second section is the use of links in relation to valid documents. If a standard is changed, the reference to the current standard applies.

The third section of GOST on pvc windows 30971 2012 defines assembly seams as a junction of a window block to a wall, filled with insulating materials with different properties.

Classification and designation

The main parameters for determining the class according to GOST R 30971 2012 are:

1. Minimum humidity at which steam condensation does not occur on the inner surface (%): 55 for class A, 45 - B, 30 - C.
2. The minimum number of cycles of deformation resistance is 20 for all three classes.
3. Permissible deformation (%): more than 15 for class A, 11-14.9 (B), 8-10.9 (C).

The designation includes: the abbreviation "SHM", the letter of the humidity class, the letter of the class for permissible deformation through a hyphen and the name of the gost.

Design, basic requirements and parameters

The design provides for the device of a three-layer seam, an additional (fourth) is made to prevent the penetration of moisture from the wall materials. The section defines the indicators that are checked during the acceptance of finished structures.

Quality assessment, control methods, guarantees

When accepting completed works (6), the following stages of control are distinguished:

• incoming - upon receipt of raw materials;
• preparation of openings and blocks;
• meeting the general requirements for installation;
• operating;
• acceptance;
• laboratory with tests.

Test methods (7) are to determine empirically:

1. Strength and adhesion of insulation foam.
2. Deformation stability.
3. Sizes and quantities of samples.

The presentation of the results is highlighted in a separate subsection.

Warranty period for seams

The final section (8) establishes the warranty period by agreement of the parties, but not less than 5 years from the date of acceptance of the work performed under the act.

Installing windows in gost applications pvc gost 30971 2012 states:

1. Requirements for materials are general and for each of the three layers separately (A).
2. The procedure for calculating the change in the size of the window under the influence of temperature (B).
3. Graphic images (for study, preferably GOST 30971 2012 download pdf format) junction options (B):

• top and side seams in various openings (brick, panels, wood, ventilated facade) without finishing the inner slope (using psul tape GOST 30971 2012);
• with plaster, drywall, vapor barrier tape;
• the lower ones in concrete panels and wooden walls.

Schemes of fastening windows in the opening and methods of sealing (D).

Grade temperature regime using software (D).

Techniques:

• assessment and testing of heat engineering parameters (E);
• determination of indicators of water permeability (W);
• by air permeability (I).

This standard applies to assembly joints of joints of window and external door blocks to wall openings.
The standard is used in the design, development of design and technological documentation, as well as in the production of work during the construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures for various purposes, taking into account the requirements of the current building codes and rules. The requirements of the standard also apply when replacing window blocks in operated premises.
The requirements of this standard can be used in the design of assembly joints for junction points for stained glass and other facade structures, as well as assembly seams of structural mates with each other.
The standard does not apply to assembly seams of junction points for special-purpose window units (for example, fire-prevention, explosion-proof, etc.), as well as products intended for use in unheated rooms.
The standard can be used for certification purposes

Title of the document:	GOST 30971-2002
Document type:	standard
Document status:	acting
Russian name:	Assembly seams for joining window blocks to wall openings. General specifications
English name:	Erection to joints of window assemblies adjoined to wall openings. General specifications
Date of text update:	01.08.2013
Date of introduction:	01.03.2003
Description update date:	01.08.2013
Number of pages in the main text of the document:	62 Item (s)
Substitute:	GOST 30971-2012
Date of issue:	14.04.2003
Reissue:
Last modified date:	15.07.2013
Corrections and changes:	(2005-07-08) - in a new window: Amendment to GOST 30971-2002

Until 2003, the installation of pvc windows and balcony blocks was not regulated by the state. The window installers were guided by the technology suggested by the manufacturers of these structures. It is difficult to judge whether it was wrong or not. But the number of complaints about freezing, blowing and leaking frames exceeded allowable limits... In order to eliminate these problems, at the beginning of March 2003, GOST 3071-2002 was adopted, and it became mandatory to install windows in accordance with GOST.

What is the installation of a pvc window in accordance with GOST

The introduction of a document regulating the installation of window seams and abutments caused, at one time, a lot of disputes and disagreements. The window installation companies were unhappy with the upcoming costs of purchasing additional materials and the increase in labor costs.

The fact is that state standard approved several standards requiring the use of materials in the installation that were not previously used, or were used reluctantly. This led to an increase in the cost of the work of the performers and, accordingly, the consumer. Which, it was believed, could lead to a decrease in demand for window services.

But the alarms were in vain. Consumers were the first to appreciate the benefits of GOST. This is not surprising, since the document is fully focused on improving the operating conditions of window and balcony blocks. What are these improvements?

1. Installation of plastic windows in accordance with GOST with steam and waterproofing of gaps. The document gave a definition of an assembly seam with an indication of the materials required for its device. Now the correct seam should consist of three layers: outer, waterproof and vapor-permeable.
2. Recommended clearance parameters are indicated.
3. Requirements for surface preparation are determined.
4. The rules for acceptance have been established.
5. The maximum permissible distances between the attachment points are indicated. For a plastic profile, this is 70 mm.
6. A list of actions for testing the quality of structures is given.
7. The service life of the materials used is indicated: at least 20 years.

Not overlooked and such an important element of the window structure as the ebb. According to GOST, now it is protected from below with a diffusion tape made of polyester. This ensures that the metal sheet is firmly fixed to the wall and box. The presence of a tape on the lower plane of the ebb significantly reduces the noise from rain drops.

Application of standards in practice

Since March 2003, the installers began to work in accordance with the accepted standards. But the consumer, unfamiliar with the intricacies of these works, inevitably has a question: what does it mean to install a window in accordance with GOST? Knowing the answers will help you track the correctness of the installation being performed and make sure of its quality. The first thing to be aware of: all seams of the window block should now consist of three parts.

1. The central one is made of polyurethane foam with high frost resistance and moisture resistance.
2. The outer one is made of waterproofing tape.
3. Internal - made of vapor barrier tape.

The basic principle of installation can be explained as follows: the inner part of the seam must have low thermal conductivity, and the side parts protecting it must be steam-permeable. In this case, if moisture penetrates to the polyurethane foam, it will freely come out in the form of steam and will not harm the insulation layer (polyurethane foam).

Installation benefits

There are several advantages over a conventional professional installation. But they are all so important that it is unwise to ignore them.

1. If all the standards of the State Standard are observed, freezing and leakage of the seams are excluded. Consequently, and window frames.
2. The possibility of mold and mildew formation is excluded.
3. The insulating layer (polyurethane foam) is protected from moisture and will not collapse ahead of time. If installed incorrectly, without protective tapes, yellowing of the foam can be observed. Under the influence of moisture, its structure becomes loose and destruction processes begin. Such foam loses its thermal insulation properties with all the consequences: windows begin to freeze, leak, and are no longer reliable barrier for the wind.
4. The ebb is connected to the wall by the frame more hermetically, which provides an additional thermal insulation effect and increases the service life of the window block.

There is another important advantage of complying with the Gosstandart requirements. If the consumer remains dissatisfied with the quality of installation and orders the service of an independent examination, the company that installed this window, at best, faces re-installation. And the worst is a lot of expenses.

Materials required when installing windows

Among the installers of plastic windows, GOST 3071-2012 received the name "tape". This is due to the fact that in accordance with the requirements of this document, it is necessary to protect the seams with "ribbons" - narrow in width products: vapor barrier, self-expanding and diffusion.

Materials for installing plastic windows in accordance with GOST:

• PSUL tapes (self-expanding sealing);
• GPL (vapor barrier), made of butyl rubber or aluminum foil, for internal protection seams;
• diffusion polyester for external protection.

PSUL tapes are self-expanding material and are sold in rolls. When installing, it is extremely important to choose the degree of increase in the volume of the tape.... This indicator is always indicated on the packaging. So, for gaps with a width of 10 mm, you need to choose a tape with an expansion range of 30-40 units. The most popular brands of tapes are Profband, PSUL-EUROBAND, Liplent, Robiband.

Polyethylene tape GPL (hydro-vapor barrier) is made on the basis of foamed rubber. On one side there is an adhesive base, in the middle there is a vapor-permeable material, on the other side there is a laminated base and inserts made of metallized material (foil). The purpose of these tapes is to reflect heat back into the room, and to protect the polyurethane foam from moisture. Popular brands: TYTAN Professional, KLEBEBANDER, Germetik-Abris.

Diffusion tapes are placed under the ebb in order to protect the seam from moisture on the outside of the window. These materials are also made from butyl rubber, but they have two glue bases: on each side. Therefore, the protective material is firmly adhered to both the ebb and the opening. Popular brands: HAUSER, Robiband, Ultima, WS.

Installation technology in accordance with GOST

Installation of plastic windows in accordance with GOST 30971-2012, step by step technology which is proposed, can be performed independently.

Step 1: Use a stiff bristled brush or paintbrush to sweep away dust and debris.

Step 2. The seams between the bricks are leveled with a moisture-resistant filler.

Step 3. Cover the filler with a layer of primer.

Step 4. Open the window block and remove the sash.

Step 5. At the bottom of the frame, remove the support profile.

Step 6. Glue the PSUL at the junction of the frame and the support profile.

Step 7. If installing a balcony block, remove the docking profile and outside frames. At the junction with the opening, the PSUL tape is glued along the entire perimeter. If a window is installed, immediately tape is glued around its perimeter.

Step 8. Take a simple pencil and tape measure. They mark the attachment points on the PVC profile. In accordance with the requirements of the standard, the distance between these points should not exceed 70 cm. The hole should be 150-180 mm from the corner of the frame.

Step 9. Drill holes. The drill diameter should be less than the diameter of the bolt or self-tapping screw.

Step 10. Support blocks are installed on the opening, which will be located under the frame.

Step 11. Insert the frame and fix it with self-tapping screws.

Step 12. From the side of the street, mark the places of attachment of the PSUL.

Step 13. Remove the frame and with a shift of 0.5 cm from the markings, stick the PSUL.

Step 14. Install the starting profile for the slopes on the frame.

Step 15.C inside paste over the frame with GPL tape.

Step 16. Install the frame, align. Drill holes in the wall for dowels and perform the final fixation.

Step 17. Install the sash.

Step 18. Fill the seam with polyurethane foam.

Step 19. After 15-20 minutes, the HPL tape is leveled along the slopes.

Step 20. Install GPL under the windowsill.

Step 21. Carry out the installation of the window sill.

Step 22. Install a diffusion tape under the ebb.

Step 23. Fix the ebb.

Installing a window according to GOST according to GOST, the instructions for which are given above, is an easy task. If you comply with all the requirements of the State Standard, the window openings will be reliably insulated and sealed.
P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video clip: Window installation in accordance with GOST

1. DEVELOPED NIUPTs "Interregional Window Institute", Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics RAASN with the participation of the company "ill-bruck", SibADA, LLC "Concept SPK" and the firm "fischer". INTRODUCED Gosstroy of Russia
2. ACCEPTED Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (ISTC) April 24, 2002 Voted for adoption:

   State name	Body name government controlled construction
   The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
   Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
   The Republic of Kazakhstan	Committee for Construction of the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
   Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Inspection for Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
   The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
   Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
   The Republic of Uzbekistan	State Committee for Construction, Architecture and Housing Policy of Uzbekistan

3. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
4. COMMISSIONED from March 1, 2003 as a state standard Russian Federation Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated September 2, 2002 No. 115. This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the Gosstroy of Russia.

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to assembly joints of joints of window and external door blocks (hereinafter - "window blocks") to wall openings.
The standard is used in the design, development of design and technological documentation, as well as in the construction, reconstruction and repair of buildings and structures for various purposes, taking into account the requirements of the current building codes and regulations. The requirements of the standard also apply when replacing window blocks in operated premises.
The requirements of this standard can be applied in the design of assembly joints for junction points of stained-glass and other facade structures, as well as assembly joints for interfacing structures.
The standard does not apply to assembly seams of junction points for special-purpose window units (for example, fire-prevention, explosion-proof, etc.), as well as products intended for use in unheated rooms.
The standard can be used for certification purposes.

2 Normative references

In this standard, references are made to the following standards:
GOST 166-89 Calipers. Technical conditions
GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Technical conditions
GOST 2678-94
GOST 7076-99 Building materials and products. Method for determination of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance under stationary thermal conditions
GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tape. Technical conditions
GOST 7912-74 Rubber. Method for determining the temperature limit of brittleness
GOST 10174-90 Polyurethane foam gaskets for windows and doors. Technical conditions
GOST 17177-87 Thermal insulation building materials and products. Control methods
GOST 21519-84 Balcony windows and doors, showcases and stained-glass windows from aluminum alloys. General specifications
GOST 23166-99 Window blocks. General specifications
GOST 24699-2002 Wooden window blocks with glass and double-glazed windows. Technical conditions
GOST 24700-99 Wooden window blocks with double-glazed windows. Technical conditions
GOST 25898-83 Building materials and products. Methods for determining resistance to vapor permeation
GOST 26433.0-85 A system for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Measurement rules. General Provisions
GOST 26433.1-89 A system for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Measurement rules. Prefabricated elements
GOST 26433.2-94 A system for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for making measurements of parameters of buildings and structures
GOST 26602.1-99 Window and door blocks. Methods for determining resistance to heat transfer
GOST 26602.2-99 Window and door blocks. Methods for determining air and water permeability
GOST 26602.3-99 Window and door blocks. Method for determining sound insulation
GOST 2678-94 Roll roofing and waterproofing materials. Test methods
GOST 30673-99 PVC profiles for window and door blocks. Technical conditions
GOST 30674-99 Window blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles. Technical conditions

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions are used in this standard:
Node of junction of a window block to a wall opening- a constructive system that ensures the conjugation of the wall window opening (including elements of the outer and inner slopes) with the box of the window block, which includes an assembly seam, a window sill, a drain, as well as facing and fasteners.
Mounting clearance- the space between the surface of the wall opening and the frame of the window (door) block.
Assembly seam- an element of the junction unit, which is a combination of various insulating materials used to fill the mounting gap and having specified characteristics.
The assembly seam, in general, consists of three insulating layers, which are determined by their main functional purpose:

• outer waterproof vapor-permeable layer;
• central heat and sound insulation layer;
• inner vapor barrier layer. Forceful operational impact on the assembly seam- the impact arising from the mutual displacements of the window box (frame) and the wall opening when the linear dimensions change from temperature, humidity and other influences, as well as during the shrinkage of buildings.
  Deformation resistance of the assembly seam- the ability of the assembly seam to maintain the specified characteristics while changing the linear dimensions of the assembly gap as a result of various operating influences.

  4 Classification

  4.1 Structures of assembly joints of the nodes of junction of window blocks to wall openings are classified according to the following operational characteristics:
  resistance to heat transfer;
  resistance to power operational influences;
  breathability;
  water permeability;
  soundproofing;
  vapor permeability.
  4.2 Key indicators performance characteristics assembly joints are subdivided into classes according to table 1.
  4.3 The class of the assembly seam in terms of resistance to heat transfer, air and water permeability, vapor permeability, deformation resistance, sound insulation is set in working documentation on the nodes of the junction of the window blocks to the wall openings.
  4.4 Resistance of assembly seams to power operational influences is classified according to the deformation resistance indicator. The value of the ratio of the value greatest change the specified size of the assembly seam (without destruction or critical decrease in the specified characteristics) to the value of the specified seam size, expressed as a percentage.
  4.5 The classification signs of the vapor permeability of assembly joints are:

  the value and ratio of the resistance to vapor permeation of the layers (materials) of the assembly seam;
  the value of the increment of the calculated mass ratio of moisture in the material of the central layer of the seam during the period of moisture absorption.
  In addition, the vapor permeability of the seam is characterized by constructive solutions. For example, the presence or absence of a vapor barrier between the foam insulation and the surface of the wall opening. The criteria for vapor barrier of assembly joints and their values ​​are established in the design and construction documentation for specific construction projects.
  Table 1

  Description of characteristics	Dimension	Class	Indicator value
  Heat transfer resistance	m2 ° C / W	I	3.0 and more
  		II	2.1 to 2.9
  		III	from 1.2 to 2.0
  Air permeability at dР = 100 Pa	m3 / h-m	I	less than 0.1
  		II	from 0.1 to 0.5
  		III	0.6 to 1.0
  Water permeability (water resistance limit)	Pa	I	600 and more
  		II	from 450 to 599
  		III	from 300 to 449
  Deformation resistance	%	I	over 17
  		II	from 14.0 to 17.0
  		III	from 10.0 to 13.0
  Soundproofing	dBA	I	over 40
  		II	from 34 to 40
  		III	from 28 to 33

  Notes: 1) Water permeability is classified according to the watertightness limit of the outer waterproofing layer of the assembly seam; 2) The deformation resistance index of the assembly seam is taken by the layer having worst value this indicator.
  4.5 The designation of the assembly seam must include the letter index "ШМ" - the assembly seam, numeric designations of the classes in terms of heat transfer resistance and deformation resistance.
  An example of a conventional designation of an assembly seam:
  CMM III-I GOST 30971-2002- assembly seam with classes for reduced heat transfer resistance - III, deformation resistance -1, according to GOST 30971.
  In the contract, passport and other documentation for assembly seams, it is recommended to additionally indicate the classification of seams according to other classified parameters, as well as other technical information as agreed between the manufacturer and the consumer. If necessary, it is allowed to give specific values ​​(ranges of values) of the technical characteristics of assembly joints and materials used for their device, confirmed by test results

  5. Technical requirements

  5.1 General
  5.1.1 The assembly seam consists of three layers, which are subdivided according to their main functional purpose:
  outdoor - waterproof, vapor-permeable;
  medium - heat, - soundproof;
  internal - vapor barrier.
  Each of the layers of the assembly seam can, in addition to the main ones, perform and additional functions(for example, the outer layer may have significant resistance to heat transfer), which must be taken into account when determining the design characteristics of the structure. The schematic diagram of the assembly seam is shown in Figure 1.
  5.1.2 The construction of assembly joints is established in the working documentation for assembly units for the abutment of specific types of window blocks to wall openings, taking into account the current building codes and requirements of this standard. Examples of constructional solutions for assembly joints are given in Appendix A.
  5.1.3 Structures of assembly joints must be resistant to various operational influences: atmospheric factors, temperature and humidity influences from the room, force (temperature, shrinkage, etc.) deformations.

  5.1.4 The choice of materials for the installation of assembly joints and the determination of the dimensions of the assembly gaps should be made taking into account possible operational (temperature, sedimentary) changes in the linear dimensions of window blocks and wall openings in terms of deformation resistance. In this case, elastic insulating materials intended for operation in a compressed state must be selected taking into account their calculated (working) degree of compression.
  5.1.5 The value of the heat transfer resistance of the assembly seam must ensure the temperature of the inner surface of the window opening and the structure, not lower than that required by building codes and regulations.
  The values ​​of the indicators of air, - water permeability, sound insulation of assembly joints should not be lower than the values ​​of these indicators for the used window blocks.
  5.1.6 Depending on the configuration of the surfaces of the wall openings, the assembly seams can be straight (window opening without a quarter) or angular (window opening with a quarter).
  5.1.7 From the outside, the assembly seams can be protected with special profile parts: rain-proof strips, sound-insulating linings, etc.
  From the inside, the assembly seams can be covered with a plaster layer or with details of the window sling cladding.

  5.2 Outer layer requirements

  5.2.1 The outer layer of the assembly joint must be waterproof when exposed to rain at a given (calculated) pressure drop between the outer and inner surfaces of the assembly joint.
  5.2.2 For the construction of the outer layer, it is recommended to use materials that adhere to the surface window openings and boxes of window blocks. Peeling resistance (adhesive strength) should be at least 0.4 kgf / cm.
  5.2.3 The materials of the outer layer must be resistant to the operating temperatures:
  for conventional seams - from 70 ° C to minus 35 ° C;
  for frost-resistant seams - from 70 ° C to minus 36 ° C and below. Note. The lower limit of negative operating temperatures, confirmed by test results, is indicated in the accompanying documentation (passport) for the material of the outer layer.
  5.2.4 Insulating materials of the outer layer (not protected during operation from exposure to sunlight) must be resistant to UV irradiation (the total dose of irradiation of the front surfaces is not less than 5 GJ / m).
  5.2.5 The materials of the outer layer should not interfere with the removal of vaporous moisture from the central layer of the joint. The recommended value of the vapor permeability coefficient of the outer layer material is not less than 0.15 mg / (m * h * Pa). The use of vapor-insulating materials as materials for the outer layer is not allowed.

  5.3 Requirements for the core layer

  5.3.1 The central insulating layer should provide the required resistance to heat transfer and sound insulation of the assembly seam. The values ​​of the resistance to heat transfer and the reduction of airborne noise of urban transport should be in the range of values ​​of these indicators for the wall and window structure.
  5.3.2 Filling the assembly seam with heat-insulating materials should be continuous in cross-section, without voids, gaps, cracks and overflows. The presence of delamination, through gaps and crevices is not allowed.
  5.3.3 Resistance to vapor permeation of the central layer of the assembly seam should be in the range of values ​​of this indicator for the outer and inner layers.
  5.3.4 Adhesion strength of adhesion of assembly foam heaters to the surfaces of window openings and boxes of window blocks must be at least 1.0 kgf / cm ".
  5.3.5 Water absorption of materials of the central layer by weight during full immersion in 24 hours shall not exceed 1%.
  5.3.6 If necessary, to prevent the effect of moisture from the side of the wall opening on the central insulating layer (in the plane of possible condensation), it is allowed to install a vapor barrier tape between the inner surface of the wall opening and the assembly seam.

  5.4 Core layer requirements

  5.4.1 Vapor barrier materials of the inner layer of the assembly seam must have a vapor permeability coefficient of no more than 0.01 mg / (m * h * Pa).
  5.4.2 Vapor barrier materials of the inner layer must have resistance to peeling (adhesion strength) from the surfaces forming the mounting gap, not less than 0.4 kgf / cm.
  5.4.3 Vapor barrier materials along the inner contour of the installation gap should be laid continuously, without gaps, breaks and non-glued areas.

  5.5 General requirements for materials

  5.5.1 The materials used in the construction of assembly joints must comply with the requirements of standards, the terms of supply contracts and technical documentation approved in established order.
  5.5.2 The materials used for the installation of assembly seams are subdivided according to the range of operating temperatures at which the production of assembly works is allowed, into materials:
  summer version (from plus 35 ° С to plus 5 ° С);
  winter version (with operating temperatures below + 5 ° С).
  5.5.3 Materials of the outer layer must be resistant to prolonged weathering. The materials used for the arrangement of various layers of the assembly seam must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening, window frame and fasteners. The durability of the materials (service life) used for the installation of the assembly seam must be at least 20 conventional years of operation (the durability indicator comes into effect from 01.01.2005),
  5.5.4 The materials used in the construction of assembly seams must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological authorities.
  5.5.5 Materials for the installation of assembly joints should be stored in dry, heated ventilated rooms in compliance with the storage conditions specified in the regulatory documentation for these materials.

  5.6 Dimensional requirements

  5.6.1 The nominal dimensions of the mounting gaps for the device of the seams are set in the working drawings of the nodes of the junction of the window blocks to the wall openings.
  5.6.2 When establishing the dimensions of the assembly seams, take into account:
  the configuration and dimensions of the window opening, the box of the window block and the window sill including their permissible maximum deviations;
  expected changes in the linear dimensions of window openings and blocks during their operation from temperature and humidity deformations and shrinkage;
  technical characteristics of the materials of the assembly seam, based on ensuring the required resistance to operational loads (for example, the size of the outer insulating tape is selected based on the calculated degree of compression, which makes it possible to ensure that the specified values ​​of water and vapor permeability are obtained);
  temperature regime of installation work.
  5.6.3 Nominal dimensions and configuration of window openings should correspond to those established in the working project documentation... Recommended maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions of the height and width of the opening: plus 15 mm. The deviation from the vertical and horizontal should not exceed 3.0 mm per 1 m, but no more than 8 mm for the entire height or width of the opening. Deviations from vertical and horizontal should be within the tolerance range of deviations in height and width.
  The dimensions of the mounting gaps (taking into account the permissible maximum deviations) during the installation of window blocks in accordance with GOST 23166 are shown in Figure 2.
  5.6.4 Limit deviations from overall dimensions boxes of window blocks are installed in the normative documentation for products. Figure 2 - Dimensions of mounting gaps (seams) when installing window blocks from various materials in accordance with GOST 23166
  Deviations from the vertical and horizontal lines of the details of the boxes of the mounted window units should not exceed 3.5 mm per 1 m of length, but no more than 3 mm for the height of the product.

  5.7 Requirements for the preparation of the mounting gap surfaces

  5.7.1 When preparing the window structure and opening for installation, the requirements of paragraphs 5.6.3, 5.6.4 must be observed.
  5.7.2 The edges and surfaces of openings should not have gouges, cavities, mortar overflows and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 5 mm. Defective spots must be filled with waterproof compounds.
  Surfaces with oily contamination; should be degreased. Loose, crumbling areas of surfaces should be hardened (processed binders or special film materials).
  5.7.3 Before installing insulating materials in the assembly seam, the surfaces of window openings and structures must be cleaned of dust and dirt, and in winter conditions - from snow, ice, frost, followed by heating of the surface.

  6. Acceptance rules

  6.1 Acceptance of finished assembly joints is carried out at construction sites in batches. The number of window openings with installed window blocks and completed assembly seams, made according to the same technology and issued with one acceptance certificate (quality document), is taken as a batch.
  6.2 Acceptance of assembly joints is carried out by carrying out:
• incoming quality control of the materials used;
• quality control of preparation of window openings and window blocks;
• monitoring compliance with the requirements for the installation of window blocks;
• production operational control;
• acceptance tests in the course of work;
• classification and periodic laboratory tests of materials and assembly joints, carried out by testing centers (laboratories).
  Incoming quality control of materials and products, quality control of the preparation of window openings and the installation of window blocks, as well as periodic tests during the production of installation seams are carried out by the construction laboratory or the quality control service of the construction (installation) organization.
  The results of all types of control are recorded in the appropriate quality logs. Completion of work on the installation of assembly seams is drawn up by an act on hidden works and the act of their acceptance.
  6.3 Incoming quality control of materials and products during their receipt and storage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of ND and project documentation. At the same time, they check the certificates of conformity, sanitary and epidemiological conclusions, expiration dates, labeling of products (containers), as well as the fulfillment of the conditions established in the supply contracts.
  6.4 Quality control of the preparation of window openings and the installation of window units is carried out in accordance with the technological documentation for the production of installation work, taking into account the requirements of the current regulatory documentation and this standard. At the same time, they check:
• preparation of surfaces of window openings and window blocks; dimensions (maximum deviations) of window openings and blocks; deviations from dimensions when installing window blocks; deviations from the dimensions of the mounting clearances;
• other requirements established in the working design and technological documentation. The quality of the preparation of window openings is drawn up by an act of acceptance of window openings.
  6.5 Production operational quality control is carried out by the responsible performer of work sequentially for each operation of the technological process in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's documentation.
  6.6 Acceptance tests in the course of work on the installation of assembly seams are carried out by the quality control service (construction laboratory) of the construction organization at least 1 time per shift. At the same time, they check:
• the quality of installation of assembly tapes (including their adhesion strength to the joint surfaces), insulation and other materials (upon completion of work on each layer of the seam);
• temperature and humidity parameters of work conditions.
  If the technology for installing window blocks provides for a 2-3 day installation period (for example, 1 day - installation of window blocks on mounting wedges and laying materials for the outer layer; 2 days - applying assembly materials for the central and inner layers), then quality control of the assembly seam is carried out on the same window blocks.
  6.7 Classification and periodic laboratory tests are carried out at the request of design, construction and other organizations to confirm the classification characteristics and performance of assembly joints. Tests are carried out in testing centers (laboratories) accredited for the right to conduct such tests.
  It is allowed to determine the characteristics of assembly seams by calculation methods according to the normative documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
  6.8 The manufacturer confirms the acceptance of assembly joints by issuing a quality document (passport), which must contain:
• name and address of the installation organization;
• name and address of the place of work;
• conventional designation and (or) description of the structure with a list of used insulating materials, drawings, technical characteristics of the assembly seam (including fasteners);
• the number of assembly joints presented for acceptance;
• date of registration of the passport;
• quality service stamp and signature of the person in charge;
• warranty obligations;
• other information based on the specific conditions of work. 6.9 Acceptance of works on the installation of installation seams is drawn up with an acceptance certificate signed by the contractor and the customer, to which a quality document (passport), copies of the approval and measurement protocols and, at the customer's request, sanitary and epidemiological conclusions for insulating materials are attached.
  6.10 In the event of any controversial (arbitration) issues regarding the quality of the assembly joints during the warranty period, the customer has the right to demand a test opening of the assembly joints. In this case, it is recommended to use the control plan given in Table 2.
  A batch of assembly seams is accepted if the number of defective seams in the first sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number and rejected without assigning a second sample if the number of defective seams is greater than or exceeds the acceptance number. If the number of defective seams in the first sample is more than the acceptance number, but less than the rejection number, they go to the second stage of control and produce the second sample. A batch of assembly joints is accepted if the number of defective joints in the second sample is less than or equal to the acceptance number.
  If the number of defective seams of the acceptance number is exceeded during the second stage, all assembly seams must be opened and checked individually. Defective assembly seams must be repaired and re-checked.
  table 2

  7. Test methods

  7.1 Methods for testing materials during incoming quality control are established in the technological documentation, taking into account the requirements of ND for these materials. Test methods for production operational control the quality is established in the technological documentation, taking into account the requirements of this standard.
  7.2 Surface preparation of window openings (5.7) is assessed visually. The geometrical dimensions of the mounting gaps and the dimensions of the defects are measured using a metal measuring tape in accordance with GOST 7502, a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427, a caliper in accordance with GOST 166 using the methods in accordance with GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1,
  7.3 When measuring deviations from the plumb line (vertical) and the horizontal level of the corresponding surfaces of window openings and structures, use the measurement rules in accordance with GOST 26433.2.
  7.4 Appearance and the quality of the installation of the elements and the arrangement of the layers of the assembly seam are assessed visually from a distance of 400-600 mm at an illumination of at least 300 lux.
  7.5 Determination of adhesion strength (adhesion) of sealing tapes and gaskets to structural elements during periodic tests during the production of works is carried out in the following sequence;
  through dedicated cutting tool(for example, a cutter) cut the edge of the tape installed on the surface of the mounting joint;
  the edge of the tape is clamped in a special grip and, through the dynamometer, is torn off along the normal to the adhesion surface, while fixing the separation force;
  Peeling of the tape should occur with a force of at least 0.4 kg / cm.
  7.6 Methods of acceptance and periodic laboratory tests.
  7.6.1 The heat transfer resistance of assembly joints is determined by the calculation method as the sum of the thermal resistances of individual layers, taking into account the heat transfer coefficients of the inner and outer wall surfaces. In this case, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the materials used is taken according to the test results in accordance with GOST 7076. The assessment of the temperature regime of the junction points of the window block to the wall opening is carried out by laboratory tests or by the calculation method according to the procedures approved in the prescribed manner, taking into account of the provisions of Appendix G.
  7.6.2 Air - water permeability of assembly joints is determined in accordance with GOST 26602.2.
  The tests are carried out using a special device, the design of which is shown in Figure 3. The device is a cassette (for example, wooden) with a blank panel installed in it. The internal profile of the cassette bars simulates the dimensions and configuration of the slopes of the window opening.
  The panel is a box of a window block, sheathed on both sides with sheet material (for example, waterproof plywood according to ND).
  The cassette and panel surfaces must be waterproofed.
  The gap between the cassette and the sample of the window block, as well as the design and technology of the assembly seam device are taken according to constructive decision junction node, adopted in the design documentation.
  The device is installed in the opening of the test chamber on sealing gaskets. Test conditions are specified in the test program.
  7.6.3 Sound insulation is determined in accordance with GOST 26602.3. To carry out the test, use the device according to 7.6.2. The internal volume of the panel is sheathed with sheet sound-absorbing material and filled with dry sand. The device is installed in the opening of the test chamber on a soundproofing putty. The panel design must provide sound insulation of at least 40 dB.
  7.6.4 The resistance of the outer insulating layer to the effects of ultraviolet irradiation is determined using the test mode given in GOST 30673 (irradiation in the "Xenotest" apparatus). The tests are carried out on three samples of materials of the insulating layer with a length of at least 200 mm. The test result is considered satisfactory if, after testing, there are no breaks, cracks, cavities, delamination and drips on the surface of each sample.
  
  

  Figure 3 - Device for testing assembly seams for air, water permeability and sound insulation
  7.6.5 The resistance to vapor permeability and vapor permeability of the materials of the assembly seam are determined in accordance with GOST 25898.
  7.6.6 Water absorption of heaters is determined in accordance with GOST 17177.
  7.6.7 Peel resistance (adhesive strength) of the materials of the outer and inner insulating layers is determined in accordance with GOST 10174.
  7.6.8 To determine the adhesion strength of foam insulation, set the amount of force required to break the bond between the insulation and the structural material under the action of tensile forces directed perpendicular to the contact plane.
  The number of test pieces is at least 5.
  Equipment and devices:

• breaking machine, providing destruction of the sample with the speed of movement of the active grip (10 ± 1) mm / min and allowing to measure the value of the breaking force with an error of no more than 1%;
• a special fixture installed in the clamps of the testing machine. The device should ensure that the longitudinal axis of the specimen coincides with the direction of the applied force.
  Samples for testing
  Samples are made by pouring and foaming insulation in a metal mold with an inner diameter of (51 ± 0.5) mm and a height of at least 30 mm, in the bottom of which a disk made of a structural material (for example, polyvinyl chloride or aluminum alloy) is fixed. The inner cylindrical surfaces of the mold are lubricated with a grease. The surface of the disc must be free from grease. After foaming and hardening, the insulation by mechanical processing can be reached in diameter to the size of the disc (0 50 ± 0.5 mm), and in height up to (30 ± 1) mm. It is allowed to use rectangular samples with dimensions (50x50xZO) ± 0.5 mm. The two samples obtained in this way are glued in pairs with epoxy glue.
  Procedure and processing of test results
  The glued sample is placed in the clamps of the machine using fixtures. The tests are carried out at a temperature of (20 ± 2) ° С and at a speed of movement of the machine grips (10 ± 1) mm / min.
  Stretching is carried out until destruction or peeling of the sample from the substrate, while the highest load achieved during the tests is recorded.
  Both parts of the tested sample are subjected to visual inspection to determine the nature of the destruction (by insulation, adhesive seam, or of a mixed nature).
  The adhesion strength of the insulation to the structural material, a, MPa (kgf / cm), is calculated by the formula:
  where: Рmах - maximum force at separation or destruction of the sample, kgf.
  S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, cm2.
  The arithmetic mean of the test results of the samples is taken as the test result.
  7.6.9 The deformation resistance of the assembly seam is determined by the maximum value of its deformation under the influence of a force directed perpendicular to the plane of the assembly seam, at which its integrity is preserved. It is allowed to carry out this type of testing of the assembly seam on foam insulation.
  The number of test pieces is at least 3.
  Equipment and devices:
• breaking machine, which ensures the destruction of the sample with the speed of movement of the active gripper (10 ± 1) mm / min and allows setting the value of the breaking force with an error of no more than 1%;
• a special device with a clip for placing samples of the assembly seam. The device during testing must ensure the coincidence of the transverse axis of the sample with the direction of the applied force (Figure 4);
• a special device for the preparation of foam insulation samples and their installation in a testing machine (the diagram of the device is shown in Figure 4a).
  

  Figure 4 - Diagram of a device for testing assembly joints for deformation resistance.
  

  I is the position of the plates at a given (initial) sample thickness (h1);
  II - position of the plates at the highest compression of the sample (h2);
  III - position of the plates at the highest tension of the sample (h3).
  Figure 4а Diagram of a device for sample preparation and testing of foam insulation for deformation resistance.
  Samples for testing
  Samples of the assembly seam for testing are obtained by layer-by-layer filling of the cage special device insulating materials in accordance with the design solution and the technology of installation work (Figure 4).
  Samples of foam insulation for testing are obtained by filling it with the body of the device shown in Figure 4a. The inner diameter of the casing, which determines the size of the sample, is (60 + 0.2) mm, the height of the inner cavity of the casing is 30 mm (excluding the thickness of the restrictive plates).
  The inner surface of the housing must be greased with grease. An aluminum plate with a diameter of (60-0.2) mm is installed on the bottom of the device body before pouring the foam. The second plate with a diameter of (65-0.5) mm is installed in the upper part of the body in the form of a lid and rigidly fixed in any way. The foam is poured into a hole with a diameter of 8 mm in the side wall of the case. To remove excess foam, the same hole is provided on the other side of the body. After pouring the foam, the sample is kept for at least a day, after which the sample is removed from the housing.
  Test procedure
  A clip with a sample of the assembly seam (or a sample of foam insulation) is installed in the grips of the machine. The sample, which is a cylinder of hardened foam, sandwiched between two aluminum plates, is installed in the grips of the machine. The test is carried out at a temperature of (20 ± 2) ° С by successive stretching and compression of the sample. The amount of stretching and compression, mm, is set based on the purpose of the assembly seam. Produce at least 20 cycles of stretching-compression of the sample. Between each cycle, the sample is held without load for at least 30 minutes.
  Evaluation of test results
  After completion of the test, the specimens are subjected to visual inspection of the specimen surfaces. The test result is considered satisfactory if each sample does not show through delamination and destruction.
  Deformation resistance is determined by the formula: where, dh - the size of the punch movement (the difference between the thickness of the sample under tension and compression), mm; h1 - specified (initial) sample thickness, mm.
  7.6.10 The resistance of the assembly seam to the effect of operating temperatures is determined by the materials of the outer insulating layer. Frost resistance is assessed by the brittleness temperature in accordance with GOST 7912 (bending diameter 400 mm) and heat resistance in accordance with GOST 2678.
  7.6.11 The durability (service life) of the assembly seam is determined according to ND and methods approved in the prescribed manner. Material compatibility is confirmed by durability tests of the assembly seam.

  8. Warranties of the work manufacturer

  The manufacturer of the work guarantees the compliance of the assembly joints with the requirements of this standard, provided that the operational loads on the assembly joints do not exceed the calculated ones (specified in the design documentation).
  The warranty period for the assembly seam is established in the contract between the manufacturer of the work and the customer, but not less than 5 years from the date of signing the acceptance certificate. 1 - foam insulation; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 - frame dowel; 4 - sealant; 5 - vapor barrier tape; 6 - expansion joint of the mounting gap (can be used to insulate the slope and isolate the foam insulation from the plane of possible condensation); 7 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer).
  Figure A.1- Node of lateral abutment of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the brick wall, with finishing of the inner slope with plaster mortar.
  1 - plaster layer of the outer slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer); 2 - construction screw; 3 - sealant; 4 - false quarter from the corner; 5 ~ insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 6 - frame dowel; 7 - foam insulation; 8 - sealant; 9 - vapor barrier tape; 10 - finishing element of the inner slope; 11 - rail.
  Figure A.2- Node of lateral abutment of the window block to the opening without a quarter in the brick wall and finishing of the inner slope cladding panel.
  1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - flexible anchor plate; 4 - sealant; 5 - vapor barrier tape; b - dowel with a locking screw; 7 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer).
  Figure A.3- Node of lateral adhesion of the window block to the opening with a quarter of a layered brick wall with effective insulation and finishing of the inner slope with plaster mortar
  1 - window board; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - vapor barrier tape; 4 - flexible anchor plate; 5 - support block for the window sill; 6 - plaster mortar; 7 - dowel with a locking screw; 8 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 9 - drain; 10 - noise-absorbing gasket; 11 - waterproof vapor-permeable tape; 12 - lumber insert
  Figure A.4- The node of the lower abutment of the window block, window sill and drain to the opening of a layered wall with an effective insulation
  1 - lumber insert; 2 - a dowel with a locking screw; 3 - plaster layer of the inner slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer); 4 - flexible anchor plate; 5 - vapor barrier tape; 6 - sealant; 7 - foam insulation; 8 - steel lintel with anti-corrosion coating: 9 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape
  Figure A.5- The node of the upper abutment of the window block to the lintel made of a steel corner in the opening of a multilayer wall with brick cladding 1 - foam insulation; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 ~ frame dowel; 4 - sealant; 5 - vapor barrier tape; 6 ~ panel for finishing the inner slope; 7 - rail; 5 - plaster leveling layer of the inner slope
  Figure A.6- Node of lateral junction of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the wall made of cellular concrete blocks (density 400 - 450 kg / m) with brick cladding and finishing of the inner slope with a panel 1 - plaster layer of the outer slope (with a chamfer for the sealant layer): 2 - sealant; 3 - cover strip; 4 - spacer (washer); 5 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; b - foam insulation; 7 - frame dowel; 8 - sealant; 9 - vapor barrier tape; 10 - plaster layer of the inner edge (with a chamfer for the sealant layer)
  Figure A.7- Node of lateral junction of the window block to the opening without a quarter in the wall made of cellular concrete blocks with finishing of the facade, external and internal slopes with plaster mortar 1 - an element of exterior decoration window slope; 2 -insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 - waterproof vapor-permeable tape; 4 - frame dowel; 5 - foam insulation; 6 - vapor barrier tape; 7 - decorative strip
  Figure A.8- Node of lateral adhesion of a window block to a wall opening made of concrete with external insulation of the facade, and installation of an internal decorative stove
  1 - vapor barrier tape; 2 - window sill board; 3 - foam insulation; 4 - plaster mortar; 5 - support block for the window sill; 6 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 7 ~ waterproof vapor-permeable tape; 8 - draining; 9 - noise-absorbing gasket
  Figure A.10- Node of the lower abutment of the window block, window sill and drain to the opening of the wall panel 1 - foam insulation; 2 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 3 - flexible anchor plate; 4 - decorative strip; 5 - vapor barrier tape; b - finishing element of the inner slope; 7 - dowel with a locking screw-pom
  Figure A.9- Node of lateral abutment of the window block to the opening of the wall panel, with finishing of the inner slope with the panel
  1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 2 - connector
  Figure A.11- Node for joining window boxes
  1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape; 2 - corner connector Figure A.12- Node of corner joint of window frames 1 - channel for supplying warm air from heating device to the window block (strobe in the screed from plaster mortar); 2 - window sill board; 3 - decorative grille outlet
  Figure A.13- Diagram of the lower junction unit with the warm air supply channel from the heating device to the window block

  APPENDIX B (recommended). Requirements for fasteners and installation of window units.

  B.1 Fasteners are designed for rigid fixation of window blocks to wall openings and for transferring wind and other operational loads to wall structures.
  B.2 For fastening window boxes to wall openings, depending on the structure of the wall and the strength of the wall materials, various universal and special fasteners (parts and systems) are used, Figure B.1:
  - spacer frame (anchor) dowels, metal or plastic, complete with screws. The screws can have a countersunk head or a cylinder head;
  - universal plastic dowels with locking screws;
  - construction screws;
  - flexible anchor plates. Screws, screws and plates are made of stainless steel or steel with anti-corrosion zinc chromated coating with a thickness of at least 9 microns.
  Fastening window frames and anchor plates to wall openings with nails is not allowed. If it is necessary to fasten the window block to walls made of low-strength materials, it is allowed to use special polymer anchor systems.
  B.Z Spacer metal frame anchor dowels are used to provide resistance to high shear forces when attaching window blocks to walls made of concrete, brick and vertical voids, expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, natural stone and other similar materials.
  
  Figure B.1 - Examples of fasteners
  Spacer plastic frame dowels are used in aggressive environments in order to prevent contact corrosion, as well as for thermal insulation of the connected elements.
  The length of the dowels is determined by calculation depending on the operating loads, the size of the profile of the window block box, the width of the installation gap and the wall material (the depth of the dowel embedment into the wall should be at least 40 mm, depending on the strength of the wall material). The diameter of the dowel is determined by calculation depending on the operational loads; in general, it is recommended to use dowels with a diameter of at least 8 mm. Dowel material - structural polyamide according to ND. For the manufacture of screws and screws, steels with a ultimate tensile strength of at least 500 N / m2 are used.
  B.4 The bearing capacity of frame dowels (permissible pull-out loads) is taken according to the manufacturer's technical documentation. Reference values ​​of the bearing capacity (permissible pull-out and shear loads) of frame expansion dowels with a diameter of 10 mm are given in Table B.1.
  B5 Plastic dowels with locking screws are used to fasten window blocks to walls made of bricks with vertical voids, hollow blocks, lightweight concrete, wood and other building materials with low compressive strength. The length and diameter of plastic dowels with locking screws are taken in the same way as in B.4. For fastening window blocks to wooden mounting elements and roughing boxes, it is allowed to use construction screws.
  B.6 Flexible anchor plates are used to fasten window blocks to multilayer walls with effective insulation. Fastening to flexible anchor plates is possible when installing window units in other wall structures. Anchor plates are made of galvanized sheet steel with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm. The bending angle of the plate is selected locally and depends on the size of the mounting gap. Plates are fixed to window blocks prior to their installation in openings using construction screws with a diameter of at least 5 mm and a length of at least 40 mm. To a multi-layer wall, flexible anchor plates are attached to the inner layer of the wall with plastic dowels with locking screws (at least 2 attachment points for each plate) with a diameter of at least 6 mm and a length of at least 50 mm.
  
  
  Table B.1 - Reference values ​​of the bearing capacity of frame expansion dowels with a diameter of 10 mm.
  B.7 It is allowed to use other fasteners and systems, the design and conditions of use of which are set in the technical documentation.
  B.8 To seal the dowels in the wall opening, holes are drilled. The drilling mode is selected depending on the strength of the wall material. The following drilling modes are distinguished:
  - clean drilling mode (no impact) is recommended when preparing holes in hollow brick, light concrete blocks, polymer concrete;
  - the mode of drilling with light blows is recommended when drilling holes in solid brick;
  - punching mode is recommended for concrete walls with a density of more than 700 kg / m3. and designs from natural stones.
  B.9 The drilling depth of the holes should be more than the anchored part of the dowel, at least by one screw diameter. To ensure the calculated pulling force, the diameter of the drilled hole should not exceed the diameter of the dowel itself, while the hole should be cleaned of drilling waste. The distance from the edge of the building structure when installing the dowels should not be less than 2 times the anchoring depth.
  B.10 The location and configuration of fasteners should not lead to the formation of thermal bridges that reduce the thermal parameters of the assembly seam.
  Options for fixing window blocks to walls are shown in Figure B.2. Recommended minimum penetration (screw-in depth) of construction screws and dowel fit are given in Table B.2
  B. 11 The heads of the dowels and locking screws should be buried in the inner rebate of the box profile, the mounting holes should be covered with decorative caps (plugs).
  Table B.2 - Recommended minimum penetration (screw-in depth) and dowel fit
  Figure B.2 - Schemes of fastening window blocks to walls

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION. METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATIONS

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION. METROLOGY AND

CERTIFICATION (ISC)

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

SEAMS OF MOUNTING UNITS JOINING WINDOW UNITS TO WALL OPENINGS

General specifications

Official edition

Standardinform

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions "and GOST 1.2-2009" Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, acceptance, application, updating and cancellation "

Information about the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Limited Liability Company NIUPTs "Interregional Window Institute" (NIUPTs "Interregional Window Institute") with the participation of the Scientific Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN). State Unitary Enterprise "Research Institute of Moscow Construction" (State Unitary Enterprise "NIIMosstroy")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"

3 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment in Construction (MNTKS) (Minutes dated June 14, 2012 No. 40)

Short name of the country no MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Country code no MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the state management body of the building
Azerbaijan		Gosstroy
		Ministry of Urban Development
Kyrgyzstan		Gosstroy
		Ministry of Regional Development
Tajikistan		Agency for Construction and Architecture under the Government
Uzbekistan		Gosarchitectsgroy
		Minoegion Ucoaina

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 27, 2012 No. 1983-st, the interstate standard GOST 30971-2012 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2014.

5 REPLACE GOST 30971-2002

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index to National Standards. " Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standartinform. 2014

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology.

Introduction

This standard is intended for use in the production of works on filling the mounting gaps between the surface of the wall opening and the planes of the box of the window (door) block, as well as in the design of junction points for window and door blocks.

This International Standard has been developed based on technical analysis long-term operation of window (door) blocks in various climatic conditions on the territory of the Russian Federation and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

This standard is aimed at improving the comfort of living, increasing the durability and energy efficiency in construction in terms of increasing the requirements for the heat-shielding characteristics of the junction points of window (door) blocks.

The requirements of this standard are intended for use by organizations carrying out activities in the field of construction and design, regardless of ownership and nationality.

Appendix 6 Examples of constructive solutions for junction nodes of window

Appendix E Calculation method for assessing the temperature regime of nodes

Appendix E Evaluation of the thermal characteristics of the joints of window blocks to wall openings in laboratory

Appendix G Methods for determining the water permeability of the junctions of window blocks to wall openings in laboratory

Appendix I Methodology for determining air permeability and defects in the junction of window blocks to wall openings

INTERSTATE STANDARD

SEAMS MOUNTING UNITS FOR JOINTING WINDOW UNITS TO WALL OPENINGS General technical conditions

Erection to joints of window assemblies adjoined to wall openings

Date of introduction - 2014-01-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to assembly joints at the junctions of window blocks (including balcony) and freshly transparent structures to the openings of the outer walls of heated buildings.

This standard is used in the development of design and technological documentation for installation work during new construction and reconstruction (including the replacement of window structures in operated premises).

The requirements of this standard can be applied in the design and installation of junctions for external doors, gates, stained glass structures and strip glazing.

This standard does not apply to all types of curtain wall structures, winter gardens and super-transparent roofs, as well as on mansard window blocks, on window blocks for special purposes in terms of additional requirements for fire safety, protection against burglary.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 8.586.1-2005 (ISO 5167-1: 2003) State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Measurement of flow and quantity of liquids and gases using standard orifice devices. Part 1. Principle of the measurement method and general requirements

GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Specifications GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications GOST 2678-94 Roll roofing and waterproofing materials. Test methods

GOST 7076-99 Building materials and products. Method for determination of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance under stationary thermal conditions

GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tapes. Specifications GOST 10174-90 Polyurethane foam gaskets for windows and doors. Technical conditions

GOST 17177-94 Thermal insulation building materials and products. Test methods

GOST 21751-76 Sealants. Method for determining the relative strength of the relative elongation at break and the relative permanent deformation after breaking GOST 23166-99 Window blocks. General technical conditions GOST 24700-99 Wooden window blocks oo double-glazed windows. Specifications GOST 25898-83 Building materials and products. Methods for determining resistance to vapor permeation

GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures

GOST 26433.0-85 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Measurement rules. General Provisions

GOST 26433.1-89 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Measurement rules. Prefabricated elements

Official edition

GOST 26433.2-94 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for making measurements of parameters of buildings and structures

GOST 26589-94 Roofing and waterproofing mastics. Test methods GOST 26602.2-99 Window and door blocks. Methods for determining air and water permeability

GOST 26629-85 Buildings and structures. Method of thermal radiation quality control of thermal insulation of enclosing structures

GOST 27296-87 Noise protection in construction. Soundproofing of building envelopes. Measurement methods

GOST 30494-96 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters GOST 31167-2009 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the air permeability of enclosing structures in natural conditions

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the referenced standards according to the "National Standards" index, compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information signs published in this year... If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard, one should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference is made to it applies to the extent not affecting this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms are used in this standard with the corresponding definitions:

3.1 weather protection: An additional element installed outside to protect against the effects of weather conditions (rain, snow, wind, etc.) in the event that the material of the outer layer of the assembly seam does not provide the required protection class.

3.2 waterproofing and insulating layer: A layer that prevents moisture or steam from penetrating the wall material from the seam.

3.3 deformation stability of the assembly seam: The ability of the seam to perceive changes in the linear dimensions of the assembly gap within the specified limits (value of the maximum permissible deformation) while maintaining the main indicators under operational influences, expressed in cycles.

3.4 durability: Characteristic of the assembly seam. determining its ability to maintain performance for a given period, confirmed by test results and expressed in conditional years of operation.

3.5 installation gap: The space between the surface of the wall opening and the frame of the window (door) unit.

Note - A distinction is made between the end (lateral) mounting gap - the space between the wall opening and the end surface of the window frame and the front mounting gap - the space between the surface of a quarter (fvl-quarter) of the wall opening and the front surface of the window frame.

3.6 assembly joint: An element of the abutment unit, which is a combination of various insulating materials that fill the assembly gap and has specified characteristics.

3.7 window quarter: Part of the wall that protrudes beyond the plane of the slope of the window opening

3.8 vapor-permeable sealantsealant, the vapor-permeability of which ensures that the requirements of this standard for resistance to vapor transmission and the thickness of the outer layer of the assembly joint are met.

3.9 pre-compressed sealing tape: PSUL: Pre-compressed elastic porous material based on polyurethane in the form of a tape, usually of rectangular cross-section, impregnated with special formulations... An adhesive layer is applied to one of the sides of the sealing tape, which can be reinforced with glass fiber (or other material) and protected with an anti-adhesive film in accordance with regulatory documents 1.

3.10 window sill: Detail of the lower part of the inner frame of a window opening: board, profile or plate, laid on the level bottom bar window frame and made of wood. PVC. stone, metal, reinforced concrete.

3.11 working ratio of tape compression: The ratio of the width of the tape after installation in the assembly seam to the maximum value of its expansion, at which the manufacturer's declared operational characteristics (parameters) are provided.

"The Russian Federation has GOST R 53338-2009. 2

3.12 assembly seam layer: A constituent part (zone) of the assembly seam. performing certain functions and meeting the specified requirements.

3.13 junction of the window (balcony) block to the wall opening: A structural system that ensures the interface of the wall opening (including parts of the outer and inner slopes) with the box of the window (balcony) block, including the assembly seam. window sill, ebb, as well as facing and fasteners.

Figure 1 - Installation diagram of the window unit in the opening of the outer wall of the building

1 - central layer; 2 - outer layer of sealing; 3 - inner layer of sealing; 4 - additional layer of sealing; 5 - low tide; b - window sill

3.14 operational force effect on the assembly seam: Impact on the assembly seam. arising as a result of deformations of the wall opening and the box of the window block due to changes in temperature and humidity conditions and wind loads during operation.

3.15 operating conditions: Temperature and humidity characteristics of the internal microclimate, the region of construction and installation of the assembly seam.

4 Classification

4.1 Classes of construction joints

Depending on the basic requirements of operation, assembly joints are divided into classes according to Table 1.

Table 1- Classification of construction joints according to performance characteristics

Notes (edit)

1 The value of the relative humidity of the indoor air in the room, less than which there is no condensation on the inner surface of the assembly seam. determined for the temperature conditions of the coldest five-day period of the construction region and the conditions of the internal microclimate in the room according to its purpose. Determination of the value is carried out by calculation method according to the method in accordance with Appendix D or when conducting a full-scale survey according to the method in accordance with Appendix E.

2 The value of the permissible deformation of the assembly seam is taken according to worst indicator materials of the outer, central and inner layers and is determined as a percentage.

3 The value of the permissible deformation of the assembly seam is determined as the ratio of the value of the largest possible operational change in the size of the assembly seam without destroying it or reducing the specified characteristics to the initial value of this size.

4 The required classes of assembly seams are set in the working documentation for the junction nodes.

window blocks to wall projects._

4.2 Designation

4.2.1 The designation of the assembly seam must include the letter index "ШМ" - the assembly seam, numeric designations of the classes in terms of relative humidity, water permeability, air permeability, the value of permissible deformation and the designation of this standard.

An example of a conventional designation of an assembly seam with classes in terms of relative humidity - S. values ​​of permissible deformation - A, according to GOST 30971-2012:

CMM 8-A GOST 30971-2012

Note - In the documentation for construction joints (agreement, contract, etc.), it is recommended to indicate the characteristics of the joints according to other classified parameters, as well as technical information as agreed between the manufacturer and the consumer (including specific values ​​of the technical characteristics of construction joints and materials used for their devices, confirmed by test results).

If the class is not indicated in the documentation for assembly seams, then it must be at least class B.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 General

5.1.1 Assembly seams of the junction points of window and door blocks are made in accordance with the requirements of this standard for design and technological documentation, approved in the established manner.

5.1.2 When developing structural solutions for assembly joints, a set of materials should be used that work together and ensure that the following requirements are met:

Tightness (impermeability) when exposed to atmospheric precipitation and wind in accordance with applicable regulatory documents(ND); determined by the outer layer:

Absence of local freezing along the contour of the junction of the window block to the wall opening;

Resistance to operational loads:

Durability in accordance with the estimated service life of the window unit, but not lower than the requirements of this standard.

8 depending on the installation site, wall openings and operating conditions, the assembly seams of the junction points of window and door blocks may have different designs and the number of layers, while the rule must be observed: the inside is denser than the outside.

The materials used in the manufacture of assembly seams of the junction points of window and door blocks must ensure the possibility of their replacement during operation after the durability specified in this standard. The use of non-replaceable materials is allowed provided that their durability is confirmed for the entire period stipulated in the contract.

5.1.3 The construction of the assembly seam includes three or four layers with different functional purposes:

The main central layer is to provide heat and sound insulation;

The outer layer of sealing - ensuring the diffusion of moisture from the assembly seam and protection from atmospheric influences (rain moisture, ultraviolet radiation, wind);

Internal sealing layer - providing vapor barrier and protecting the insulating layer from diffuse vaporous moisture from inside the room.

When installing window structures in external walls, erected using wet processes (masonry, monolithic concrete), it is necessary to protect the insulation layer from the migration of process moisture from the adjacent wall by installing an additional layer:

An additional layer is a water and vapor barrier layer between the middle layer of the joint and the surface of the opening, which can be arranged to prevent the penetration of moisture or steam from the wall material into the joint.

Deformations of the window (door) block resulting from temperature differences (shear and tension - compression forces) should be perceived by any one layer of the assembly seam or due to the joint work of materials of two or three layers.

the choice of the structural solution of the nodes of the junction of the window (door) block to the opening of the outer wall is carried out at the stage of development of architectural and design solutions, taking into account the existing loads and is confirmed by the corresponding calculations.

Application of the constructive principle of the assembly seam device. other than the one specified in this clause above, is allowed subject to appropriate justification in the form of calculations, full-scale or laboratory tests.

the options for the assembly seam are shown in Figure 2 (see options A and B).

I - outer waterproof vapor-permeable layer;

II - central heat and sound insulation layer:

III - inner vapor-insulating layer:

IV - additional water and vapor-insulating layer

Figure 2 - a variant of the assembly seam device

5.1.4 Structural solutions of assembly joints should be developed taking into account the material of the outer walls and the geometry of window openings, as well as special technological requirements applied to window blocks in accordance with GOST 23166. Examples of constructive solutions for the nodes of junction of window blocks to wall openings are given in Appendix c.

5.1.5 Installation seams must be resistant to various operational influences and loads: atmospheric factors. temperature and humidity influences from the room, power (temperature, shrinkage, etc.) deformations, wind and other loads (not in accordance with the required class).

Requirements for thermal performance and deformation resistance of assembly joints must correspond to the values ​​in Table 1 and are set in the design and working documentation.

5.1.6 Materials for the device of assembly seams are selected taking into account the power operating effects.

5.1.7 The thermal technical characteristics of the assembly seam must ensure that the temperature on the inner surface is not lower than the dew point temperature at the given values ​​of the internal microclimate (depending on the purpose of the room) in accordance with GOST 30494 and outdoor air for the temperature conditions of the coldest five-day period of a particular region.

5.1.8 Indicators air. the waterproofing and soundproofing of the seam should not be lower than the corresponding figures for the window block.

Note - The required levels of sound insulation are provided by the construction of the abutment unit, which includes the assembly seam. The specified characteristics of the assembly seams are not regulated by the requirements of this standard, but are ensured by compliance with the requirements of GOST 27296.

5.1.9 The general constructive solution of the junction unit (including the assembly seam, elements of additional weather protection, finishing of slopes, as well as all other elements that ensure the conjugation of the window block with the opening in its finished form) should exclude the possibility of cold air infiltration through the assembly seams in winter (through blowing).

5.1.10 The outer layer of sealing (see position 2, Figure 1) can have additional weather protection in the form of special profile elements, de-sealing strips, linings, etc.

From the inside, the assembly seams are covered with a plaster layer or details of the facing of window slopes and a window sill.

8 of the lower part of the window opening, weather protection is additionally provided by an ebb (see position 5.Figure 1), additional profile elements, etc.

5.1.11 The durability of assembly joints must be at least 20 conventional years of operation.

5.1.12 General requirements for the materials of the assembly seam - in accordance with Appendix A.

5.2 Dimensional requirements

5.2.1 The minimum dimensions of the mounting gaps for window blocks of various designs are taken in accordance with Table 2. Figure 3, as well as from the condition of ensuring the possibility of free thermal expansion of the window block without the occurrence of bending deformations of the profile elements.

It is recommended to additionally confirm the design dimensions of the mounting gaps in relation to the climatic conditions of the construction area by calculating the possible temperature change in the size of the window block in the direction perpendicular to the projected seam (Appendix B).

The value of the installation gap for strip glazing structures exceeding 6 m and facade glazing is taken on the basis of technical calculations (recommendations of the profile system manufacturer).

Figure 3 - Location of the mounting gap

5.2.2 The dimensions and configuration of window openings must correspond to those established in the working design documentation.

Table 2 - Dimensions of the mounting gap

Material profile elements	Overall size of the window block, mm	Mounting gap size, mm
2 Aluminum alloys
3 PVC white
4 PVC white
5 PVC. mass-dyed
6 PVC. mass-dyed

The maximum size of the mounting gap is determined based on the characteristics of the material of the central layer, the recommended size is no more than 60 mm.

5.2.3 The deviation from the vertical and horizontal of the sides of the opening should not exceed 4.0 mm per 1 m.

Compliance is checked in three ways:

Building level, while the width and height are measured at least three times;

Measuring the diagonals of the opening.

Laser plane builder.

5.2.4 When determining the mounting clearances, it is necessary to take into account the maximum deviation from the dimensions of the boxes of the window unit. Deviations from the vertical and horizontal lines of the mounted window units should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m of length, but no more than 3 mm at the height of the product. Installation of window blocks in openings with geometric deviations exceeding those specified in 5.2.3. not allowed.

5.3 Requirements for the preparation of the mounting gap surfaces

5.3.1 The edges and surfaces of openings should not have gouges, cavities, mortar overflows and other damage with a height (depth) of more than 10 mm.

Defective spots must be filled with waterproof compounds.

Voids in the slopes of wall openings (for example, cavities at the joints of the facing and main layers of brickwork at the joints of lintels and masonry; gouges formed when removing boxes when replacing window blocks, etc.) should be filled with inserts from rigid foam insulation. anti-sealed wood or plaster mixtures. When using mineral wool insulation, it is recommended to provide protection against moisture saturation. When installing window blocks in quarter openings, the recommended approach for a quarter of the window block box should be at least 10 mm.

Surfaces with oily contamination should be degreased. Loose, crumbling areas of the opening surfaces must be hardened (treated with binders or special film materials).

5.3.2 Before installing insulating materials in the installation gap, the surfaces of window openings and structures must be cleaned of dust, dirt and oil stains, and in winter conditions - from snow, ice, frost, followed by heating of the surface.

5.3.3 The sequence of technological operations required to complete the assembly seam. is developed in the project of production of works in the form of technological maps. Technological maps should be developed taking into account the general climatic characteristics of the construction area, as well as the expected time of the year for installation work.

Development of technological map or regulations should be carried out taking into account the operations necessary for the preparation of the surfaces of the wall opening, as well as taking into account the requirements established in Appendix D.

5.4 Safety requirements

5.4.1 When carrying out work on the installation of assembly seams, as well as during storage and processing of waste insulating and other materials, the requirements of building codes and regulations on safety in construction, rules fire safety in the course of construction and installation works, sanitary norms and safety standards, including the Occupational Safety Standards System (SSBT). Safety instructions (including operations related to the operation of electrical equipment and work at height) must be developed for all technological operations and production processes.

5.4.2 Persons engaged in the installation must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment according to ND.

5.4.3 Persons engaged in installation, upon hiring, and also periodically must undergo a medical examination in accordance with the current rules of health authorities, safety instructions and be trained in the rules of safe work.

5.4.4 For all installation operations (including loading and unloading and transport), safety instructions for work must be developed and approved in the prescribed manner.

5.5 Environmental protection requirements

5.5.1 All materials of the assembly seam must be environmentally friendly. In the processes of transportation, storage and operation, these materials must not release toxic substances into the environment in concentrations exceeding the permissible standards.

5.5.2 Disposal of waste arising during installation should be carried out by means of their industrial processing in accordance with the conditions of the current regulatory documents and legal documents.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Acceptance of finished assembly joints is carried out at construction sites (or house-building enterprises). Acceptance is subject to window openings with installed window blocks and completed assembly joints, made using the same technology.

6.2 Acceptance of assembly seams is carried out in stages by:

Incoming control of the materials used;

Controlling the preparation of window openings and window blocks:

Monitoring compliance with the requirements for the installation of window units;

Production operational control:

Acceptance tests upon completion of work;

Qualification and periodic laboratory tests of materials and assembly joints carried out by testing centers (laboratories).

The results of all types of control (tests) are recorded in the appropriate logbooks.

Completion of work on the installation of assembly seams is drawn up with an act for hidden work and an act of acceptance.

6.3 Incoming control of materials and products during their receipt and storage is carried out in accordance with the requirements of ND for these materials and products. At the same time, they check the sanitary and epidemiological conclusions, expiration dates, labeling of products (containers), certificates of conformity (if any), a document confirming the quality of the batch for the materials used, containing the results of acceptance and periodic tests in the amount of technical indicators, in accordance with Appendix A. as well as the fulfillment of the conditions established in the supply contracts.

6.4 Control of the preparation of window openings and the installation of window units is carried out in accordance with the technological documentation for the production of installation work, taking into account the requirements of the current project documentation and this standard.

When drawing up the acceptance certificate of the work front, they check:

Preparation of surfaces of window openings:

Dimensions (maximum deviations) of window openings:

Deviations from the dimensions of the mounting clearances;

Compliance of the mounting clearances with the requirements of the working documentation (RD);

Other requirements established in the RD and technological documentation.

If the quality of the openings does not meet at least one of the above requirements, then the opening cannot be accepted according to the acceptance certificate, and an act is drawn up with a list of deficiencies that must be eliminated.

6.5 When drawing up the certificate of installation of fasteners, check:

Type and dimensions of fasteners:

Compliance of the location of fasteners with the requirements of the RD;

Correspondence of the size of the deepening (screwing in) and landing of the dowels to the dimensions specified in the RD-

6.6 When drawing up a quality certificate for filling the mounting gaps, check:

Filling depth, size of the assembly seam;

No voids, cracks, delamination:

The size of the sinks (if available).

6.7 When drawing up a quality certificate for the application of the outer and inner layers of the assembly seam, check:

Compliance of the installation of insulating materials with the requirements of the RD:

The thickness of the layer and the width of the contact strip of the sealant with the surfaces of the window opening and the window structure.

6.8 Operational quality control of the installation seams is carried out immediately after the completion of the sealing work before the start of finishing the internal slopes, while:

Window openings for control measurements are chosen arbitrarily;

To assess the quality of sealing, non-destructive testing methods are used according to the criterion of continuity and uniformity of the sealing contour along the perimeter of the window opening:

To assess the above parameters, the method of remote measurement of temperatures by the non-contact method on the inner and outer surfaces of the seam is used in accordance with the control measurement scheme shown in Figure 5. using a portable pyrometer. Instruments used for measurements must pass initial verification according to (1).

The measurement results are recorded in a special annex to the acceptance certificate for hidden work.

1 - overall outline of the window block: 2 - assembly seam: 3 - control points along the perimeter of the window opening for measuring temperatures on the inner surface of the seam;

Where is the temperature of the inner surface of the wall; Where is the temperature of the outer surface of the wall; G * w - temperature of the inner surface of the seam; G nsh - temperature of the outer surface of the seam; H - distance from the plane of the window opening to the measuring point

Figure 5 - Scheme of control temperature measurement for quality assessment

assembly seam executions

6.9 The control of the thermal performance of the assembly ball is carried out according to the method in accordance with Appendix D.

6.10 Classification and periodic laboratory tests of construction joints are carried out at the request of design, construction and other organizations to confirm the classification characteristics and performance of construction joints in accordance with Appendix A.

It is allowed to determine the characteristics of assembly seams by calculation methods according to ND. approved in the prescribed manner.

7 Test methods

7.1 Methods for testing materials during incoming quality control are established in the technological documentation, taking into account the requirements of ND for these materials and the requirements of this standard.

7.1.1 Determination of the relative strength and elongation at rupture of sealants, diffusion and vapor-eolation tapes is determined in accordance with GOST 21751.

7.1.2 Determination of tensile strength and elongation at break of foam sealant

7.1.2.1 Test piece

The test piece is a cured foam prism with a cross-section of 50><50 мм и толщиной 30 мм. приклеенную между двумя жесткими пластинами, приготовленную следующим образом.

The foam balloon is pre-shaken 20-30 times. the pitch is released from the cylinder into a mold measuring 50 mm wide. 50 mm in height and 300 mm in length, which is lined with anti-adhesive paper from the inside (surface treatment with anti-adhesive compounds is allowed). The surfaces of the mold are pre-moistened.

After curing, the excess foam protruding beyond the dimensions of the mold is cut off. Five prisms of foam of the required size are cut out from the obtained dosha.

The samples are glued to 70x50 mm metal plates. The thickness of the plates is selected from the condition that they should not deform under the force arising from the destruction of the sample. Plates can be concrete, metal, wood or other material. The adhesive should not destroy the structure of the foam and ensure the adhesion strength of the foam to the plates is higher than the breaking strength of the foam itself.

7.1.2.2 Test procedure

The tensile test is carried out on a tensile testing machine according to GOST 21751 at a speed of 10 mm / min. The sample of the sheet metal is fixed in the clamps of the tensile testing machine.

A tensile force is applied perpendicular to the surface of the specimen in the direction that simulates the direction of force loads on the material under the conditions of its use. An example of fixing samples in a tensile testing machine is shown in Figure 6.

7.1.2.3 Evaluation of results

Tensile strength S p, MPa. calculated by the formula

where F p is the maximum tensile force. H;

S - cross-sectional area, mm 2.

The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean of the indicator calculated from at least three parallel determinations, the discrepancy between which does not exceed 10%.

Elongation at break, e.%, Calculated by the formula

Figure 6 - An example of fastening a sample to a tensile testing machine when determining the tensile strength of a tapered seal

where / 0 is the initial height of the sample, mm:

/ h - sample height at the moment of rupture, mm.

The arithmetic mean of the indicator calculated from at least three parallel determinations is taken as the test result, with the atom the mean value should not differ from any used in the calculation by more than 20%.

7.1.3 The adhesion strength of sealants to the materials of wall openings and window structures is determined in accordance with GOST 26589. method B.

7.1.4 Peel resistance (adhesive strength) of film and tape materials is determined in accordance with GOST 10174.

7.1.5 Determination of adhesion strength of foam insulation with materials of wall openings and window structures

7.1.5.1 Test pieces

The adhesion strength is determined on samples - fragments of seams, in which a foam seam with a size of 50x50x30 mm is located between two substrates. Samples are prepared using the foaming method. As substrates, a material is used for which the adhesion strength of the foam is determined: P8X. metal, concrete, painted wood, etc. The size of the substrates should be 70x50 mm. and the thickness is 3-20 mm, depending on the type of material.

For the manufacture of samples, a mold is prepared from chipboards or other rigid material with the following dimensions: width 70 mm. height

70 mm and length 300 mm. which is lined with paper from the inside. The substrates are laid in the mold across the length so. so that between 1st and 2nd. 3rd and 4th and so on for five samples the distance was 30 mm. the distance should be set with 10x30x70 mm wooden inserts. wrapped with release paper. Foam prepared in accordance with 7.1.2.1. fill the space between the liners approximately 60% from the adapter bottle and 100% from the gun bottle. After curing, the samples are removed from the mold and cleaned of excess foam. There should be five test pieces.

7.1.5.2 Testing according to 7.1.2.2.

7.1.5.3 Evaluation of results

The adhesion strength of the foam insulation to the backing material is calculated in accordance with 7.1.2.3. The nature of the destruction of the samples is also recorded: adhesive or cohesive.

7.1.6 The volumetric water absorption of flax insulation under surface exposure to water is determined in accordance with subsection 10.4 of GOST 17177.

7.1.7 Resistance to penetration and vapor permeability of the materials of the assembly seam - in accordance with GOST 25698.

7.1.8 Thermal performance of the assembly seam materials - in accordance with GOST 7076.

7.2 Methods for qualification and periodic laboratory tests

7.2.1 The deformation resistance of the assembly seam is determined by cyclic tensile - compression tests with the value of the permissible deformation corresponding to the class of performance characteristics, at which the integrity of the seam is preserved.

7.2.2 Test pieces

The test is carried out on samples - fragments of seams made according to 7.1.5.1. 8 as substrates in the manufacture of samples, substrates with dimensions of 100x50 mm can also be used. the width of the mold for making samples should also change accordingly. The number of test pieces is at least three.

7.2.3 Test procedure

For testing, use a low-cycle fatigue machine of the MUM-3-100 type (see Figure 7) or any testing machine that provides alternating deformation of samples with given values deformation and speed. The test speed should be 5-10 mm / min. The test is carried out at a temperature (2013) ° C.

The tensile-compressive deformation value is set in the test program, corresponding to a certain class of the assembly seam. but not less than 8%. The amplitude of tensile - compression deformation l (, mm. Is calculated by the formula

where £ is a given deformation. %; b - sample thickness, mm; l (- amplitude of tension - compression, mm;

Spend at least 20 cycles of stretching - compression of the samples.

7.2.4 Evaluation of results

After completion of the cyclic tests, the samples are subjected to visual inspection. The test result is considered satisfactory if each sample does not show through delamination, delamination from substrates and destruction.

Figure 7 - Low-cycle fatigue machine when testing foam insulation for deformation resistance

7.3 The resistance of the assembly joint to the effect of operating temperatures is determined by the materials of the outer insulating layer.

7.3.1 The assessment of frost resistance is determined by flexibility on a bar with a radius of curvature of 25 mm in accordance with GOST 26589 at a temperature of minus 20 ° C for conventional seams and minus 40 ° C for frost-resistant seams.

7.3.2 Assessment of heat resistance is determined in accordance with GOST 26589.

7.4 The preparation of the surfaces of window openings is assessed visually.

7.5 Geometric dimensions of mounting gaps, wall openings, mounted window openings

structures and dimensions of defects in the surfaces of openings are measured with a metal measuring tape in accordance with GOST 7502, a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427, a caliper in accordance with GOST 166 using the methods in accordance with GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1. It is allowed to use other

measuring instruments, verified (calibrated) in accordance with the established procedure, with an error specified in the normative documents.

When measuring deviations from the plumb line (vertical) and the horizontal level of the surfaces of window openings and structures, use the measurement rules in accordance with GOST 26433.2.

7.6 The appearance and quality of the arrangement of the layers of the assembly seam are assessed visually at an illumination of at least 300 lux at a distance of 400-600 mm.

The thickness of the sealant layer and the width of the contact strip with the surfaces of the window opening and the window structure are checked as follows.

7.7 The thickness of the sealant used as the outer (inner) layer of the assembly joint. measured after the sealant has cured. A U-shaped cut is made in the sealant layer, the cut out part of the sealant is bent outward.

The designated U-shaped section of the sealant is separated from the foam base and the thickness of the narrowest part of the sealant film is measured using a caliper.

To control the degree of compression K ". % of a self-expanding tape (PSUL), it is necessary to select a piece of tape, measure the restored size in thickness H ^ the width of the seam at the point where the tape is taken H and calculate the degree of reduction using the formula

7.8 Methods for qualification and periodic laboratory tests

7.8.1 The thermal characteristics of the assembly seam are determined by the calculation method in accordance with Appendix D. in laboratory conditions or by field inspection according to the procedure in accordance with Appendix E.

The water permeability of the outer layer sealants is determined in accordance with GOST 2678.

7.8.2 Air permeability of assembly joints is determined in laboratory conditions according to the method specified in GOST 26602.2. It is recommended to determine the air permeability of assembly joints in natural conditions together with the control of the general air permeability of a building or a separate room in accordance with GOST 31167 (Appendix I).

When conducting tests in laboratory conditions, the opening of the test chamber must be identical to the structure of the wall opening, and the sample of the window block - to the window block given in the design documentation for the tested assembly joint (abutment unit). The design and technology of the assembly seam device is adopted in accordance with the constructive solution of the abutment unit established in the project documentation.

7.8.3 Sound insulation of assembly joints is determined in accordance with GOST 27296.

The requirements for the test chamber are similar to those specified in 7.8.2, with the atom the following conditions must be met:

the box of the window unit is filled with a panel, carefully insulating the gaps at the junction of the box and the panel.

the design of the panel and the insulation of gaps during sound insulation tests must ensure the design sound insulation of at least 45 dBA.

the test conditions are specified in the test assignment (direction).

7.8.4 The resistance of the assembly seam to the effect of operating temperatures is determined by the materials of the outer insulating layer.

7.8.5 Test methods for indicators of materials used for the device of assembly seams are established in ND for these materials and current standards.

7.8.6 The durability (service life) of the assembly seam is allowed to be determined as the minimum durability of the materials that make up the outer central or inner layer of the assembly seam. determined according to the methods agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.

7.8.7 The compatibility of the materials of the assembly joint is confirmed by comparing the pH values ​​of the contacting materials, while the contact of materials with an acidic or alkaline reaction is not allowed.

8 Manufacturer's warranty

The contractor guarantees the compliance of the assembly joints with the requirements of this standard, provided that the requirements of this standard are met and the operational loads on the assembly joints comply with the design values ​​established in the RD.

The warranty period for the assembly seam is set in the contract between the manufacturer of the work and the customer, but not less than five years from the date of signing the acceptance certificate at the construction site or from the date of shipment of the factory-made panel with the installed window unit.

General requirements for the materials of the assembly seam

A1 General requirements for materials

A.1.1 The materials used in the construction of assembly joints must comply with the requirements of standards, technical conditions and conditions of supply contracts. Using materials from expired validity is allowed only on condition of positive results of repeated (additional) tests for their compliance with the established requirements.

A. 1.2 The materials used in the construction of assembly seams must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion in accordance with the legislation of the state.

A. 1.3 The materials used for the installation of assembly joints must have an operating temperature of use in the range from minus 10 * C to plus 40 * C.

A. 1.4 The assembly unit must be designed so that the durability of the materials used for the assembly of assembly joints is at least 20 years in accordance with 5.1.9.

A. 1.5 Materials used for the device of various layers of the assembly seam. must be compatible with each other, as well as with the materials of the wall opening, window frame and fasteners.

А.1.6 The possibility of using one or another combination of materials should be checked by calculating the moisture regime of the assembly seam, taking into account the operating conditions of the premises. The defining criteria in accordance with the current regulatory documents are:

Inadmissibility of moisture accumulation in the assembly seam during the year of operation;

Limiting the accumulation of moisture in thermal insulation layer during the period of operation with negative average monthly outdoor temperatures.

A. 1.7 When performing assembly joints with a vapor permeability resistance of the outer waterproofing layer of less than 0.25 m2 h Pa / mg and a vapor permeation resistance of the inner vapor barrier layer of more than 2 m * h-Pa / mg, verification of the moisture regime according to A.1.6 is not required.

A. 1.8 Materials for the installation of assembly joints should be stored in compliance with the storage conditions specified in the ND for these materials.

A.2 Requirements for the outer layer

А.2.1 The outer layer of the assembly joint must be waterproof when exposed to rain and a given (calculated) pressure drop between the outer and inner surfaces of the assembly joint.

The water permeability limit of the assembly seam must be at least 300 Pa.

A.2.2 The materials of the outer layer should not interfere with the removal of vaporous moisture from the central layer of the joint.

The value of the resistance to vapor permeation of the outer layer of the seam should be no more than 0.25 m 2 h Pa / mg.

A.2.3 The materials of the outer layer of the assembly joint must be resistant to the following operating temperatures:

For conventional seams - from plus 70 * C to minus 30 * C;

For frost-resistant seams - from plus 70 * C to minus 31 C and below.

A.2.4 When performing the outer layer with a vapor-permeable sealant, the requirements given in Table A.1 must be met.

Table A1 - Technical requirements for vapor-permeable sealants

Indicator name	measurements	Meaning indicator
Conditional strength at the moment of rupture, not less
Elongation e moment of rupture on blade specimens, not less
Adhesion strength to materials of wall openings and window structures, not less
Permissible deformation, not less *
Note - Reference indicators are marked with "*".

The contact surface of the vapor-permeable sealant layer with the wall opening material and the window block must be sufficient to ensure the required bond strength. The width of the contact layer is at least 3 mm.

The actual layer thickness should be stated in the taxiway. Minimum thickness layer after shrinkage should be at least that. on which the durability tests of the sealant were carried out. In the absence of data on the thickness of the samples in the tests for durability, it should be taken equal to 3 mm. The maximum layer thickness should be no more than that. on which the corresponding A.2.2 resistance values ​​were obtained.

The maximum permissible radius of rounding of the sealant layer in the areas of the joints "foam / window block" and "foam / wall opening" must be specified in the manufacturer's standard specification for the sealant.

The thickness of the sealant layer is measured according to 7.7.

The surface of the sealant should not have cracks, the sealant layer should not delaminate or peel off from the materials of the assembly joint.

А.2.5 When performing the outer layer with self-expanding sealing vapor-permeable tapes, the following requirements must be met:

The value of the vapor permeability coefficient in the state of working compression is not less than 0.14 mg / (mhPa);

Water absorption in the surface of self-expanding sealing tapes by volume during working compression of the tape for 12 hours should not exceed 4%;

Self-expanding sealing strips should cover the mounting gap in a state close to the optimal working compression ratio, which should be at least 25% of their total expansion. The compression resistance of sealing strips at 50% deformation must be at least 2.5 kPa:

The peeling resistance of the sealing and diffusion tapes from the concrete base must be at least 0.3 kN / m (kgf / cm).

In cases where tapes are used to seal the installation gaps of building structures intended for operation with increased wind (for example, in high-rise construction) and other loads, the sealing tapes should be used complete with protective overhead profiles (strip strips).

A.2.6 When using plaster mortars in the outer layer of the assembly joint, it is necessary to ensure appropriate adhesion to the wall materials and the window block structure, in the places where the plaster solution adjoins to PVC profile sealing required.

The application of a plaster layer, putty or coloring compounds that worsen the performance of assembly joints on the vapor-permeable material of the outer layer is not allowed.

A.3 Requirements for the core layer

A.3.1 The central layer should provide the required thermal performance of the assembly joint.

A.3.2 Polyurethane foams are usually used as materials for the central layer. The optimum width of the foam sealant layer is 15-60 mm. depth - not less than the thickness of the box of the translucent structure. Works using polyurethane foams are allowed at temperatures not lower than minus 10 ° C. Technical characteristics for the foam insulation of this layer are given in Table A.2.

Table A, 2 - Technical characteristics of foam insulation

Indicator name	measurements	Meaning indicator
1 Tensile strength, not less *
2 Relative elongation at break, not less
3 Coefficient of thermal conductivity in a dry state, no more *
4 Moisture absorption by volume under surface exposure to moisture in 24 hours, no more *
5 Strength of adhesion to materials of wall openings and window structures, not less

End of Table A.2

Other seals can be used as the material of the middle layer (for example, sealed jute bundles, polyethylene foam tubes or tapes installed on the side of the inner layer of the seam), which provide reliable performance assembly seam when installed by caulking with a material compression ratio of at least 75%.

At the same time, resistance to temperature effects must be ensured in the entire temperature range for the construction region.

А.3.3 Resistance to vapor permeation of the central layer of the assembly seam should be in the range of values ​​of this indicator for the outer and inner layers.

8 in the case of using window block profiles with a width of more than 80 mm and if the width of the installation gap exceeds the dimensions provided for in this standard by more than 1.5 times, the gap should be filled in layers, with intervals between layers according to the technology recommended by the manufacturer of the foam insulation.

Cutting off excess foam sealant is allowed both from the outside and from the inside, provided that the sealant is covered with a continuous insulating layer.

А.3.4 In the case of an additional water and vapor barrier layer, insulating tapes (usually without aluminum foil), mastics or sealants are used to prevent diffusion of moisture from the side of the wall opening on the materials of the central layer. The value of the resistance to vapor permeability of the additional water and vapor barrier layer should not be lower than this indicator for the inner layer of the seam.

А.3.5 Filling the installation gap with heat-insulating materials should be continuous in cross-section, without voids and leaks, gaps, cracks and overflows. Delamination, through gaps, crevices and sinks larger than 6 mm are not allowed.

A.4 Core layer requirements

А.4.1 The inner layer should ensure the vapor tightness of the assembly seam.

The resistance to vapor permeation of the inner layer must exceed this indicator for the central layer and have a vapor permeation resistance value of at least 2.0 m 2 h Pa / mg.

A.4.2 Self-adhesive tapes and vapor-insulating elastic sealants are mainly used as materials for the inner layer.

А.4.3 Steam insulating materials along the inner contour of the mounting gap should be laid continuously, without gaps, breaks and non-bonded areas.

А.4.4 When performing the inner layer with a vapor barrier elastic sealant, the following requirements must be met:

Conditional strength at the moment of rupture is not less than 0.1 MPa:

Elongation at the moment of rupture on blade specimens is not less than 200%:

The contact surface of the sealant with the material of the wall opening and the window block must be sufficient to ensure the required bond strength. The width of the contact layer must be at least 3 mm:

The actual layer thickness should be stated in the taxiway. The minimum layer thickness after shrinkage must meet the requirements for vapor permeability according to A.4.1 and durability of 5.1.11.

In the absence of data on the thickness of the samples in the tests for durability, it is taken equal to 3 mm.

The layer thickness is measured according to 7.7:

It is allowed to apply materials of the inner layer to a butovochny cord (tube) made of foamed elastic polyethylene with water absorption by volume of no more than 1.5%;

The surface of the sealant should not have cracks, the sealant layer should not delaminate.

Calculation of the temperature change in the size of the window block

Estimated change in the size of the window frame element (frame) dL. m in the direction perpendicular to the projected seam. determined by the formula (B.1):

AL = (k-ATI) K np. (B.1)

where I is the size of the window box element in the direction perpendicular to the projected seam, m;

к - coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the window frame profile, taken for:

Pine, spruce / oak wood - 5/8 (* 10) in C;

Steel - 10 (* 10) * С;

Fiberglass - 12 (* 10) in C;

Aluminum -23 (* 10) * С;

PVC profiles, reinforced with a steel insert, white / colored - 40/50 (* 10) ®С;

DG - the temperature interval causing the maximum possible change in the size of the window frame for a given climatic region, determined by the formula (B.2):

(B.2)

where Г тп is the absolute minimum air temperature for a given climatic region, determined according to the current normative documents;

the maximum possible heating temperature under operating conditions of the surface of the box profile (frame) due to an unfavorable combination high temperature outside air and directional exposure to solar radiation, applied to a white surface equal to 55 ° C. for non-white color - 70 ° С.

K pr is a dimensionless reduced correction factor that takes into account the influence of uneven heating (cooling) of the box profiles over the section, taken for white window blocks K w = 0.4 and non-white color = 0.5.

Examples of constructive solutions for the junction of window blocks to wall openings

insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL); 2- foam insulation: 3 - anchor plate; 4 - laro-insulating sealant

Figure B.1 - Node of the upper (side) abutment of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the brick wall using PSUL tape without finishing

inner slope

1 - vapor-permeable sealant: 2 - frame dowel: 3 - decorative plug: 4 - sealant: 5 - foam insulation: b - vapor barrier sealant; 7 - plaster solution

Figure B.2a - Node of the upper (side) abutment of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the brick wall using a vapor-permeable sealant with finishing the inner slope with plaster mortar

5 - flax insulation; b - vapor barrier sealant; 7 - plaster mortar; 8 - insulation

Figure 8.25 - The node of the upper (side) abutment of the window block to the opening with a quarter in the brick wall with an inward displacement using a vapor-permeable sealant

with finishing of the inner slope with plaster mortar

1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL) with PVC strip; 2- foam insulation: 3 - anchor plate; 4 - vapor barrier tape

Figure B.3 - Node of the upper (side) abutment of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a single-layer concrete panel wall using PSUL

1 - vapor-permeable sealant; 2 - foam insulation; 3 - frame dowel;

4 - vapor-proof sealant or vapor barrier tape; 5 - PVC corner; 6 - plastic film; 7 - gypsum plasterboard with coloring; 8 - PVC corner

Figure B.4 - The node of the upper (side) abutment of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a single-layer concrete panel wall using sealants and finishing the inner slope with a moisture-resistant gypsum plasterboard

1 - low tide: 2 - noise-absorbing lining; 3 - flax insulation; 4 - support block; 5 - PVC corner; 6 - vapor-proof sealant or vapor barrier tape;

7 - support bar: 8 - PVC window sill; 9 - plaster mortar

Figure B.5 - The node of the lower abutment of the window block to the opening without a quarter in a single-layer concrete panel wall using a laro-insulating tape

1 - insulating self-expanding vapor-permeable tape (PSUL); 2 - anchor plate; 3 - foam insulation; 4 - vapor-proof sealant or vapor barrier tape;

5 - an insert made of antiseptic lumber; b - dowel with a locking screw

Figure B.6 - Node of lateral (upper) abutment of a window block to an opening in a three-layer concrete panel wall with an effective insulation using PSUL and vapor-insulating tape

1 - ventilated facade (shown conditionally): 2 - anchor Ф6 * 60 (fastening pitch - 500 mm); 3 - larol-permeable sealant: 4 - foam insulation: 5 - vapor-tight sealant: 6 - anchor plate: 7 - dowel with a locking screw

Figure B.7 - Unit of the upper (side) junction to the opening in the wall with a ventilated facade with brick cladding using sealants

1 - kaschelnik: 2 - vapor-permeable sealant: 3 - decorative plug; 4 - construction screw; 5 - silicone sealant; b - laro-insulating sealant; 7 - flax insulation

Figure B.8a - Node of the upper (side) node of the adjoining of the wooden window block to the opening in

frame wall

1 - cover strip; 2 - vapor-permeable sealant: 3 - decorative plug; 4 - construction screw: 5 - silicone sealant: 6 - vapor barrier sealant: 7 - foam insulation

Figure B.86 - The node of the upper (side) node of the adjoining of the wooden window block to the opening in

a wall of logs and beams

1 - low tide: 2 - noise-absorbing lining; 3 - foam insulation: 4 - waterproofing tape;

5 - support block; 6 - silicone sealant; 7 - construction screw; 8 ~ anchor plate:

9 - silicone sealant; 10 - vapor barrier tape: 11 - support bar; 12-building screw;

13 - anti-melted bar

Figure B.9 - Knot of the lower knot of adjoining a wooden window block to an opening in a wooden wall

Rules for fixing window blocks in wall openings

D.1 Installation and fastening of window units

D.1.1 The choice of the installation site for the window block according to the depth of the wall opening is determined according to the design solution. In this case, the values ​​of the mounting clearances in accordance with 5.6.1 must be taken into account.

D.1.2 Window blocks are installed according to the level within the limits of permissible deviations and are temporarily fixed with adjusting wedges or in another way at the places of corner joints of boxes and imposts. After installation and temporary fixation, the window block box is attached to the wall opening using fasteners (see Figure B.1). Installation wedges are removed in front of the installation of the insulation layer of the assembly seam.When installing window blocks, it is allowed to use support blocks, which, after fastening, are deployed from the assembly position to the working position (see Figures B.2 and BZ), the places of their installation are filled with insulation material from the outer and inner sides.

c) Fastening with flexible anchor plates

a) Fastening with spacer frame dowels (closed box reinforcement)

b) Fastening with spacer frame dowels (U-shaped reinforcement of the box)

Figure D.1 - Schemes of fastening window blocks to the wall

D.1.3 The choice of fasteners and their embedment depth in the wall is set in the taxiway based on the calculation of the bearing capacity of the fasteners.

The distance between the fixing points of the window along the contour of the opening is set on the basis of the technical requirements of the manufacturer of the profile system.

The distance from the inner corner of the box to the fastening element should not exceed 150-160 mm; from the mullion joint to the fastening element - 120-180 mm.

The minimum distances between fasteners should not exceed those indicated in table D.1:

Table D.1- Distances between fasteners

D, 1.4 To transfer the loads acting in the plane of the window block to the building structure, support (bearing) blocks of polymer materials with a hardness of at least 80 units are used. Shore A or impregnated protective equipment hardwood. The number and location of the support blocks are determined in the technological documentation. The recommended shoe length is 100-120 mm. Support blocks are installed after attaching the window block to

wall opening with fasteners.

An example of the location of the attachment points of the box and the supporting (bearing) blocks and fasteners during the installation of the window unit is shown in Figure D.2.

6) Window block with a beempostny (shtulpoye) vestibule

a) Window block with vertical impost

A is the distance between fasteners; pct - supporting (bearing) pads;

Fasteners (systems).

Figure D.2 - Examples of the location of support (bearing) blocks

and fasteners

a) Window block c b) Window block c c) Window block c

swing-out swing system, non-opening

sash opening system

A is the distance between fasteners;

M * - supporting (bearing) pads;

- "- fasteners (systems)

Figure D.3 - Examples of the location of support (bearing) blocks and fasteners in single-leaf window blocks

D.2 Requirements for finishing window openings

D.2.1 The places of abutment of the overhead internal slopes (regardless of their design) to the box of the window block and the assembly seam must be sealed, while measures must be taken to exclude the manifestation of cracks and cracks during operation (for example, sealing the abutments with sealants or other materials with sufficient deformation resistance).

D.2.2 When installing a window drain in the nodes of abutment to the wall opening and the box of the window block, it is necessary to ensure conditions excluding the ingress of moisture into the assembly seam. and under the drains, gaskets (dampers) should be installed to reduce the noise effect of rain drops. The angle of inclination of the drain must be at least 100 * from the vertical plane.

D.2.3 The adjoining of the window sill to the box of the window block must be tight, airtight and resistant to deformation effects. The installation of the window sill is carried out on supporting bearing blocks, the size and number of which must ensure a load in the vertical plane of at least 100 kg. When removing the window sill more than 1/3 of the width from the wall plane, it is recommended to install additional brackets. The sill deflection should not be more than 2 mm per 1 m of length.

E.1 The essence of the method

This method is intended to assess the temperature regime of the junction points of window blocks to stack openings and to select the most rational constructive solution for assembly joints, taking into account the geometric shape, location and thermal conductivity of sealing materials, window blocks and wall structures.

The essence of the method lies in modeling the stationary process of heat transfer through the nodes of the junction of the window block to the wall opening using the appropriate software.

E.2 Software requirements

D.2.1 Software, with the help of which the calculation is performed, must have accompanying technical documentation and provide the ability to calculate a two-dimensional (flat) or three-dimensional (spatial) temperature field, heat fluxes in a given area of ​​the enclosing structures under stationary heat transfer conditions.

E.2.2 Input of initial data should be carried out either in graphic form (from a monitor screen, scanner, graphic or design file), or in the form of tabular data and provide the ability to set the required characteristics of materials and boundary conditions of the calculated structure in a given area. Both the use of the databank and the possibility of entering the initial data should be envisaged.

E.2.3 The presentation of the calculation results should provide the ability to visualize the temperature field, determine the temperature at any point in the calculated area, determine the total incoming and outgoing heat fluxes through the specified surfaces.

E.2.4 The final results of the calculation should be presented in a documented form and include the calculated temperatures of the outside and inside air, the heat transfer coefficients of the surfaces, the temperature distribution over a given section of the calculated unit.

E.3 General instructions

E.3.1 Assessment of the temperature regime of the junctions of the window block to the wall openings should be carried out for the following characteristic sections (see Figure E.1):

Node of conjugation of a window block with a wall (horizontal section);

Window sill interface (vertical section);

Node of interface with lintels of a window opening (vertical section):

A junction of a threshold of a balcony door with a floor slab (for balcony doors).

When using a program for calculating three-dimensional temperature fields, the estimate

the temperature regime of these sections can be carried out on the basis of the calculation of one spatial block, including a fragment of the outer wall with the filling of the window opening.

For surfaces bordering outside and inside air. - in accordance with the outlines of the structural elements of the fences:

For surfaces (sections) bounding the computational domain - along the symmetry axes of the enclosing structures or at a distance of at least four thicknesses of a structural element falling into the section.

E.3.3 Boundary conditions should be taken:

For surfaces bordering outside and inside air. - in accordance with the design standards of the relevant buildings and structures and the climatic region of construction;

For surfaces (sections) that limit the computational domain, heat flux and heat transfer coefficients. - equal to zero.

E.3.4 It is recommended to calculate the temperature regime of the junction nodes in the following order:

Determine the size of the computational domain and select the characteristic sections:

Design schemes of junction nodes are drawn up, while complex configurations of sections, for example, curvilinear ones, are replaced with simpler ones if this configuration has an insignificant

influence in thermal engineering respect;

Prepare and enter the initial data into the program: geometric dimensions, calculated thermal conductivity coefficients, calculated temperatures of the outside and inside air, calculated heat transfer coefficients of surface areas:

Calculate the temperature field;

The results of the calculation are visualized, the nature of the temperature distribution in the area under consideration is analyzed, the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces at separate points is determined; set the minimum temperature of the inner surface; the calculation results are compared with the requirements of this standard and other regulatory documents; determine the total heat flume included in the computational domain: if necessary, the constructive solution of the abutment unit is changed and repeated calculations are carried out;

Prepare a documented report based on the calculation results.

E.4 Basic requirements for accompanying technical documentation

Accompanying technical documentation must contain:

Scope of the software tool:

Information about certification of software products;

Detailed description of the purpose of the program and its functions;

Description of mathematical models used in the program:

Information about the specialist who performed the calculation and his qualifications.

E.5 Calculation example

It is necessary to calculate the temperature field and assess the possibility of condensation on the surface of the junction point of the window block made of glued wood in accordance with GOST 24700 to the wall of a single-layer brick wall made of solid brick on cement-sand mortar (horizontal section). The outer waterproofing layer is a pre-compressed sealing tape, the central layer is foam insulation, the inner layer is a vapor barrier tape. The surface of the window slope is insulated with a thermal insert made of extruded polystyrene foam 25 mm thick. The main dimensions and characteristics of the materials of the window block and the outer wall are shown in Figure E.2.

Initial data: design temperature of the internal air (, p = 20 ° С: design temperature of the outside air tf - minus 28 ° С; dew point temperature Г р - 10.7 ° С; design heat transfer coefficient of the inner wall surface a * - 8.7 W / (m 2 ° С), the calculated heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the window block a в ° * = 8.0 W / (m 2 ° С). the heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the wall and window block а „= 23.0 W / (m2 ° С).

The calculated area of ​​the adjacency node is taken along the axes of symmetry of the window block and the pillar of the outer wall. The design scheme is shown in Figure E.2a). the scheme for setting the boundary conditions in Figure E.26).

The calculation results are presented in Figure D.Z in the form of the temperature distribution (isotherms) over the cross section of the calculated area and the values ​​of the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces at some of the most characteristic points.

Analysis of the calculation results shows that the minimum temperature of the inner surface is observed in the zone of conjugation of the window box with the slope of the window opening and is t p Wft = 12.6 ° C. Comparison of the minimum temperature of the inner surface with the dew point temperature indicates the absence of conditions for condensation on the surface of this junction point (at the same time, the temperature on the inner surface of the glass unit in the area of ​​the spacer frame is 3.4 ° C. Which leads to condensation in this area, but not contradicts the requirements of the current regulatory documents).

1 - horizontal section: 2.3. 4 - vertical sections a) window block 6) balcony door

Figure E.1 - Scheme of the location of sections for checking the temperature regime of the junctions of window blocks to the outer walls:

L p = -28 ° C a * = 23 W / (I, - * C)

C * -28 "C oi * 23 W / (m * -" C)

behold. = 8.0 W / (m a, C)

6) Scheme of assignment of boundary conditions

1 - brickwork X = 0.8 W / (m ° C); 2 - cement-sand mortar X = 0.93 W / (m in C); 3 - wood across the fibers X = 0.22 W / (m ° C); 4 - polyurethane foam X = 0.05 W / (m ° C); b - extruded polystyrene foam X = 0.05 W / (m- ° C); 7 - glass X = 0.76 W / (m ° C); c - air gap 12 mm = 0.08 W / (m- ° C); 9 - aluminum X = 220 W / (m- ° C); 10-sealant X = 0.34 W / (m ° C); 11 - vapor insulating tape X = 0.56 W / (m ° C)

Figure L-2 - Design scheme and scheme for setting the boundary conditions for the junction of the window block to the window opening

Figure D.Z - Results of calculating the temperature distribution over the junction node of the window block from

glued timber to solid brick wall

E.1 The essence of the method

The method for evaluating the thermal characteristics of the nodes of the junction of window blocks to wall openings is intended for laboratory and field work to control the thermal characteristics of the assembly seam.

The essence of the technique is to measure local temperatures on the inner surface of the assembly seam and assess their compliance with design standards when given parameters internal microclimate and climatic conditions of construction.

E.2 Sample requirements

E.2.1 When carrying out laboratory tests, the opening of the test chamber should be identical to the structure of the wall opening, and the sample of the window block - to the window block given in the design documentation for the tested assembly joint (abutment unit). The design and technology of the assembly seam device is adopted in accordance with the constructive solution of the abutment unit established in the project documentation.

E.2.2 When carrying out a full-scale survey, random tests of typical junction nodes on each floor of the building are carried out, but not less than 10% of the total volume.

E.2.3 In the presence of special solutions for junction nodes, as well as identified deviations from design solutions, 100% of the structures are monitored.

E.3 Conducting laboratory tests

E.3.1 When conducting laboratory tests, the climatic chamber must have a cold and warm compartment, comply with the requirements of GOST 26254 and be able to maintain the specified test conditions for at least 48 hours.

During testing, the operator must be outside the cold and warm compartments of the climatic chamber. It is allowed to enter the warm compartment to carry out thermal radiation control and check the quality of the installation of sensors. Recording of data after entering the warm compartment of the climatic chamber is allowed after confirming the release of heat fluxes and temperatures on the surface of the structure to a stationary mode.

E.3.2 When carrying out laboratory tests, a program is drawn up taking into account the following conditions:

The temperature in the warm compartment of the climatic chamber is selected according to the requirements for the internal microclimate (internal temperature, air humidity) in accordance with GOST 30494;

The temperature in the cold compartment of the climatic chamber is selected according to the requirements of the current normative documents as the temperature of the coldest five-day period for the construction region;

The heat transfer coefficient of the inner and outer surfaces is selected and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents.

E.3.3 The laboratory sample is kept under the conditions of the selected external and internal temperatures until reaching a stationary mode in accordance with the requirements of GOST 26254, but not less than 24 hours.

E.3.4 Before recording the results of measuring temperatures and heat fluxes, a thermal imaging survey of the inner surface of the window block and nodes of abutment to the wall structure is carried out in accordance with GOST 26629. Thermal imaging is performed perpendicular to the surface of the window unit. Initially, the entire window block is surveyed, including assembly seams. After its completion, a detailed survey of structural fragments with temperature inhomogeneities is performed.

It is allowed to choose the difference between the warm and cold compartments of the climatic chamber less than it is regulated by GOST 26254 and GOST 26629. with appropriate justification.

E.3.5 An example of carrying out thermal imaging of the inner surface of a window block and a node of abutment to a wall structure is shown in Figure E.1.

If a temperature inhomogeneity is detected on the inner surface of the assembly seam, it is analyzed for compliance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents for temperature on the inner surface, and the local temperature value is measured with a temperature probe or a thermocouple.

Assembly seam. having local temperature values ​​less than the dew point temperature for the given indoor microclimate conditions is considered defective.

Based on the results of measuring the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the assembly seam, taking into account the data on the dew point temperature in a particular region and depending on the type of buildings in accordance with Appendix P, it is assigned a class according to Table 1 of this standard.

t * C Unicum: 2.6 "C ^" and * yi 13.0 "Cgedyaeb zpechenie: 10.9" C

Figure E.1 - An example of a thermal radiation survey of the inner surface of a window block and a node of abutment to a wall structure

F.4 Conducting full-scale tests

E.4.1 Before carrying out a full-scale survey, computer modeling of all typical units is carried out in accordance with Appendix D for the temperatures of the outside and inside air, expected when performing a full-scale survey. The simulation results are presented in a graphical or tabular form for comparison with the results of a field survey.

E.4.2 Before carrying out a full-scale inspection, the structure must be brought to a stationary mode.

E.4.3 Control full-scale measurements of temperatures on the inner surface of the seam can be carried out at any time of the year.

Provided that work is carried out to seal the joints in the winter in an unheated room before the start of measurements, the temperature in the control room should be increased to 20 ° C and maintained for 24 hours before the start of measurements.

It is allowed to carry out tests with a temperature difference between the outside and inside air, not less than 1.5 times greater than the accuracy limit of the thermal imaging camera, but not less than 15 ° C.

It is allowed to create the required temperature difference in the summer by heating the interior using heating devices under the condition of prolonged exposure (at least 48 hours) and the absence of direct heating of the samples.

E.4.4 After establishing stationary conditions in the control room with a window, carry out:

External and internal thermal radiation survey;

Determination of heat engineering homogeneous zones;

Measurement of temperatures on the outer and inner surfaces of the wall in homogeneous zones, excluding the influence of the window block;

Measurement of temperatures on the inner surface of the assembly seam.

When conducting an internal thermal imaging survey, heating devices must be insulated and shielded.

E.4.5 Temperature measurements are carried out according to the results of preliminary thermal imaging in all zones of the assembly seam. as well as in areas of detected temperature irregularities.

The results of measuring the internal temperatures are compared with the results of preliminary computer modeling of typical units for the values ​​of the temperatures of the outside and inside air.

If it is impossible to compare, the minimum of the measured temperature values ​​on the inner surface of the assembly seam is recalculated according to the method of Appendix 7 of GOST 26254.

E.4.6 Evaluation of the suitability of the assembly seam is carried out on the basis of the conditions for exceeding the local temperature values. If the minimum corrected local temperature is lower than the dew point temperature for the given indoor climate conditions, the installation joint is considered defective.

The class is confirmed according to table 1 of this standard by the results of measuring the minimum temperature on the inner surface of the assembly seam, taking into account the data on the dew point temperature in a particular region and depending on the type of buildings in accordance with Appendix R.

G.1 Preparation for testing

G.1.1 Before starting the tests, a test program is drawn up, which determines the specific locations of the spill on the facility and their number.

G.1.2 Prepare for work the equipment, measuring instruments and auxiliary devices used during testing, including checking their serviceability.

G.1.3 A flexible hose, through which water is supplied to the sprinkler, is connected to the nearest water supply source providing the required pressure of 200-240 kPa.

G.1.4 Before testing, a test switch-on of the equipment is carried out and. if necessary, adjust the set water pressure and distance to the object.

G.2 Test conditions

G.2.1 Tests are carried out in the daytime with sufficient illumination of the test object.

G.2.2 The ambient temperature must be at least 5 X.

G.2.3 The temperature of the water for the passage should be from 6 ° С to 20 ° С.

G.2.4 The nozzle of the sprinkler device should be located at an angle of (90 ± 15) ° С to the surface of the test object.

G.2.5 The water pressure in the nozzle should be maintained within the range of 200-240 kPa during the entire test period of this object.

G.2.6 During the tests, the ingress of atmospheric moisture on the surface of the test object is not allowed.

G.3 Testing

G.3.1 The nozzle of the sprinkler device is located at a distance of (300 ± 30) mm from the surface of the selected section of the mounting joint.

G.3.2 Turn on the water supply to the sprinkler.

G.3.3 The test is carried out by continuous spillage of the selected area of ​​the object for 5 minutes. while the nozzle is moved evenly back and forth parallel to the surface of the object, observing the requirements of Zh.2.4 and Zh.3.1.

G.3.4 Tests are carried out on the object, starting from the bottom of the selected section, then moving to the next sections located above, and starting from the bottom up at each section.

G.3.5 During the spilling of sections of the outer surface of the assembly seam, it is necessary to observe its inner surface, determining the places of water leaks and noting them.

G.3.6 If leaks are detected, photographs of the detected places are taken and a mark is made in the test report indicating the location and number of defects in the tested object.

G.3.7 If no leaks were found within 5 minutes of spillage of the selected section, you should proceed to the next section of the test object.

G.4 Safety precautions during testing

G.4.1 Persons conducting tests at facilities should be familiar with the relevant safety instructions and comply with them during testing.

G.4.2 It is forbidden to carry out tests in the area of ​​operation of the assembly crane and under the area (capture) of construction and installation work.

G.4.3 When conducting tests on objects above the second floor of a building, the strait is carried out from hinged platforms, cradles or telescopic lifts using safety devices.

Pressure gauge

I.1 The essence of the technique

The method for determining the air permeability and defects of the joints of the window blocks to the wall openings is intended for carrying out field work to control the quality of performance and air permeability of the assembly seam.

The essence of the technique is to create a normalized pressure difference between the interior and exterior space, to measure the air permeability of the assembly seam. quality control of its performance using a device for creating a differential pressure between the room and the environment, thermal imaging equipment and a smoke generator.

When carrying out field tests, equipment in accordance with GOST 31167 is used, taking into account the requirements of GOST 8.586.1.

I.2 Sample requirements

I.2.1 When carrying out a full-scale survey, random tests of windows of each type of size are carried out, but not less than 5% of the total glazing area.

I.2.2 In the presence of special solutions for junction nodes, as well as identified deviations from design solutions, control of 100% of structures is carried out.

I.3 Preparation for full-scale tests

I.3.1 Before carrying out full-scale tests, select the most characteristic rooms with typical window blocks installed in accordance with the design documentation.

I.3.2 It is recommended to use two equipment systems in accordance with GOST 31167. One of the sets of equipment creates the required pressure drop in the test room, the other is installed on the staircase or on the floor to create a compensating pressure and eliminate errors due to the pressure drop between adjacent rooms.

In this case, all doors, with the exception of the test room, must be open.

I.3.3 Carry out temporary sealing of window blocks and their abutment nodes.

Temporary sealing of window blocks and seams of assembly units of junction of window blocks is carried out with sticky adhesive tapes and films using polyethylene films and other suitable technical devices and materials.

I.3.4 Premises are prepared for testing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31167.

I.3.5 It is allowed to carry out tests with a temperature difference between the outside and inside air, not less than 1.5 times greater than the accuracy limit of the thermal imaging camera, but not less than 5 ° C.

I.4 Conducting full-scale tests of the air permeability of the seams of the mounting assemblies of the abutment of window blocks

I.4.1 8 selected rooms create negative pressure drops and carry out the test in accordance with section 8 of GOST 31167.

I.4.2 The maximum pressure difference is determined to be 100 Pa. the decrease and increase in the pressure difference is carried out stepwise with a difference of 10 Pa. Before and at the end of the test, the static pressure drop is measured with averaging over an interval of 30 s. which is taken into account when processing the results. The minimum number of measuring points is seven.

When conducting tests, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements in accordance with section 11 of GOST 31167.

I.4.3 After completion of the tests in accordance with I.4.1, remove the temporary sealing of window blocks and junction units. Sealing of window blocks is carried out, including opening elements and joints of the stack-pack to the profile elements.

I.4.4 Repeat the procedure in I.4.1 and I.4.2. Air permeability of junction points

/? ". m 3 / (hr. m) is determined by the formula:

where L is the total length of the concurrently tested junction nodes, m;

The difference between the air flow at a given pressure lp. Pa. with temporary

sealing the seams of mounting assemblies of the abutment of window blocks and without it.

I.4.5 The normalized value of the air permeability of the seams of the mounting assemblies of the abutment of the window blocks is determined at the value of the pressure drop dp = 100 Pa.

I.5 Conducting full-scale tests of the air permeability of the seams of the mounting assemblies of the abutment of window blocks

I.5.1 Before testing according to I.4.1, a thermal and radiation survey of the seams of mounting assemblies of junction of window blocks is carried out with a pressure drop of at least 50 Pa from the side of the lowest pressure. At the same time, photographs are taken of all detected deviations from design solutions and the requirements of this standard.

I.5.2 After completion of work in accordance with I.4.3, a repeated thermal imaging survey of the assembly seams of the junction points of window blocks is carried out. If a difference in temperature fields from the results according to I.5.1 is detected, an analysis of each detected deviation is carried out.

I.5.3 If possible, check installation joints with detected temperature irregularities using a smoke generator.

A stream of smoke is directed directly to the detected area with detected temperature irregularities from the outside.

In the presence of a defect caused by increased air infiltration through the assembly seam. smoke penetration is likely to localize the detected defect.

I.5.4 If an inhomogeneity of temperature fields is detected that do not change as a result of a pressure drop, the defect is probably in the nature of a transmission component (inclusions with increased heat loss) and should be diagnosed in accordance with Appendix E of this standard.

I.5.5 All detected defects are subject to correction. If it is impossible to fix it, you need to reinstall the window unit.

I.5.6 After correcting the detected defects, a repeated full-scale test is carried out.

Bibliography

State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Pyrometric primary transducers of total and partial radiation. Verification method

004 Design of thermal protection of buildings

UDC 692.299.057.47 (083.74) MKS 91.060.50

Key words: assembly seams. window blocks, assembly gap, junction point of the window block and the stacking opening, deformation effect, outer insulating layer

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