The procedure for performing work on the installation of hidden electrical wiring. Wiring - types and types

Whether you're starting a house from scratch or renovating an old building, you're likely to encounter wiring or rewiring. Work on laying cables for lighting, electricity or communication should be started first.

If the building is new, then the wiring can be mounted on top of the walls and covered with plaster, if you need to upgrade or supplement already existing system, then you have to grind.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully consider the location of electrical appliances and lighting devices, for the rational placement of wires and sockets. Laying in a hidden way will keep aesthetic appearance of your premises, hiding from the eyes a multi-meter twist, and besides, it will make the room safe, the lines in the walls are not subjected to mechanical stress and climatic factors, therefore they will last longer.

If you look at the montage photo concealed wiring and the final result of the work, then make sure that your choice is correct. There is only one drawback in laying the cable in this way: if the wires are damaged or a breakdown is detected, you will have to ditch again and do redecorating premises.

In addition to gating, there are several more types of hidden wiring - under thermal panels or in the floor.

Mounting

Any construction activity requires preparatory work, regardless of whether you call a specialist or decide to hide the wiring with your own hands. In this case, you need:

Take measurements, guess the location of the outlets, draw a plan and calculate the materials. It is very important to save the wiring diagram for the future.

If you need to hang furniture, decorative accessories, appliances on the wall, or locate a breakdown, you must know the exact location of the wires so as not to damage them or easily find them.

To carry out the work you need to arm yourself with tools. You can ditch the wall with a chisel and a hammer, however, this is a very laborious and unreasonably long method. Usually they use a puncher and a grinder, and with the previous two tools they simply clean and level the holes. You will also need a level, a pencil, the cable itself and mounting accessories for it, sockets, junction boxes.

If your cable does not have a flame retardant PVC sheath, it should be protected with a corrugated pipe, tray, plastic or iron pipe. Protection is also important when laying along wooden surfaces or their hollow holes.

All electrical cables in the house should be the same, either lead or aluminum. It is better not to hide junction boxes under a layer of plaster in order to have quick access to them.

When all the tools are assembled, using a pencil and a level, it is necessary to mark the locations of the distribution boxes, sockets and light switches on the walls, and then connect them with lines. In place of the line, a strobe will be located or, in its absence, a cable will be laid. The lines should be strictly vertical or strictly horizontal. Sockets are usually located at a height of up to half a meter, switches - one and a half meters.

Further, with the help of a grinder and a puncher, holes are made in the walls for wires and others. electrical appliances. If there are several segments, the distance between them should be at least 10 cm. Next, install sockets, distribution boxes, switches and seal them with cement or gypsum mortar.

When the solution has set, although it is better to wait until it dries completely, you can start laying the electrical wires. In the place of socket boxes and switches, it is necessary to leave a cable margin of about 10-15 cm. The wires must be mounted on the wall or in a strobe with a step of 50-60 cm with alabaster, plaster, dowels or home-made clamps.

When work on the hidden wiring device is completed, the wall should be plastered.

If such wiring is done under thermal insulation panels, the cable is threaded through special holes on the metal profile in which the panels are attached. With this method of laying, the electrical cable must be protected to avoid damage by pipes made of non-combustible materials.

Installation of hidden wiring in the floor is carried out at the stage of laying floor tiles. Pipes with electrical lines are placed between floor beams.

If you plan to use dry expanded clay or concrete for backfilling or pouring, the technology is the same, but you should be careful, the pipes poured with concrete must be even, without damage or defects. If the room also uses a "warm floor", place the wires at the maximum possible distance from it.

Hidden wiring detection

In the case when you need to find hidden wiring laid long ago in the walls, and you do not have a wire layout, you need to use one of the search methods: a combined finder, a metal detector, an electromagnetic finder or an electrostatic device.

When it is necessary to find hidden wiring with an electrostatic tool, uses detection electromagnetic field from live wires. The device is easy to use, budget, you can even make it yourself, however, if the network is de-energized, it will not help you in your search. If the room is damp and the walls are damp, then the device will not work well and it is unlikely that the cable will be located.

The accuracy of electromagnetic seekers is much higher. The peculiarity of the work is to find the laying route, it is necessary to connect a load to it, for example, an electric kettle or a heater, and then the electromagnetic field of the wires will be detected.

Metal detectors are effective when your network is out of power. When close to the metal, they fix the electromagnetic field. However, a significant drawback of their work is that, together with the cable, they can also fix all the nails, pipes or fittings embedded in the walls.

Combined seekers are multi-detectors. These devices combine several ways to search for hidden wiring: a metal detector and an electrostatic device, which significantly expands their effectiveness and scope.

Buy only high-quality cables, sockets and switches from trusted manufacturers, in addition to safety, you will also receive a long service life.

When installing electrical wiring, it is mandatory to install an electric meter that will record the consumption of electricity and circuit breakers that will make your home safe and secure.

Connecting external networks to the meter is carried out only in the presence of a competent specialist.

When laying cables in bathrooms, it is necessary to take into account the constant humidity of the premises and select the appropriate devices.

Photo of hidden wiring

Concealed wiring, this invisible to man electrical wiring apartments, houses, buildings that are in working condition under voltage.

Any electrical wiring in walls, in ceilings, in floors made of fireproof materials, in wall strobes, in voids in false ceilings, false walls, raised floors, including wiring embedded in walls, in ceilings, in floors made of fireproof materials and laid in voids building structures refers to concealed wiring. To begin with, we will analyze the methods of hidden wiring.

Ways of hidden wiring

There are several methods of hidden electrical wiring:

• Electrical wiring hidden in wall strobes;
• wiring in the floor;
• Electrical wiring in the false ceiling;
• Posting in wooden floors houses.

Hidden wiring in strobes

Shtroba is the professional name for a furrow in concrete, brick, cinder concrete and other homogeneous building structures. A strobe is made with a special cutting tool with special cutting discs installed in two rows (wall chasers) and one row (angle grinder, “Bulgarian”). For small amounts of work cutting tool replaced with a perforator or for handmade, scarpel and hammer. A strobe is laid after plastering works if such work is being done. The depth and width of the strobe should be such that after installation the cable, wire, pipe are closed on all sides with at least a 10 mm layer of mortar.

In the strobe, both bundles of wires and cables can be laid.

Concealed electrical wiring in strobes

For concealed wiring of wires in a strobe they must have a second protective shell or be protected by special products: plastic or metal pipes, corrugated pipes, electrical boxes (more on them below).

Concealed wiring of cables in strobes

Electric cables can be laid in strobes made without mechanical protection (pipes, corrugations). If it is necessary to ensure the interchangeability of hidden electrical wiring, the cable is laid in pipes with accessible hatches for pulling the wiring. The cable laid in the strobe is closed with a layer of plaster, gypsum and cement mortar covering at least 10 mm on all sides. When laying several cables in one strobe, they should not be intertwined. To understand what a cable harness should be like in a strobe, imagine a few pencils clutched in your hand or laid out on a table.

Why do I need mechanical protection of cables in a strobe

Like I said cables can lay in a strobe without mechanical protection. Mechanical protection, of course, requires additional costs, but significantly increases the quality of electrical wiring. The cable laid in the pipe is protected from accidental mechanical damage when drilling walls and when correct installation, it can always be pulled, in an emergency. We move from the walls to the floor.

Hidden electrical wiring in the floor

Hidden electrical wiring in the floor eliminates a large amount of dirty work on wall chasing. According to the standards, hidden electrical wiring in the floor is carried out in the subfloor screed, only in pipes. Possibly use smooth-walled or corrugated heavy pipes made of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene low pressure(PND). Of course, ordinary steel are allowed, but not rational for an apartment or house water and gas pipes (according to GOST 3262-75)

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that when using a corrugated pipe for hidden electrical wiring in the floor, you need to use the so-called heavy corrugated pipes. These pipes are stronger and do not deform under compression.

Advice. The best pipe options for buried electrical wiring in the floor are strong (heavy) corrugated pipes and pipes made of polyethylene. The latter are easy to bend and do not require docking at the corners.

Why you shouldn't use metal pipes for concealed wiring in the floor

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There are several reasons for abandoning metal pipes for hidden electrical wiring in an apartment.

• Installation of metal pipes is a laborious process that requires special pipe bending and welding equipment;
• The metal pipeline for electrical wiring must be grounded, which is not difficult, but again complicates installation;
• When working with pipes, the likelihood of “seizure” of the cable insulation increases, and working with these pipes requires some skills.

Although it is worth noting that metal pipes remain the main channels for the embedded electrical wiring of industrial buildings, for electrical wiring in foundations and for the through passage of building structures.

Concealed wiring in partitions and suspended ceilings

Posting in suspended ceilings and partitions refers to concealed wiring. Such electrical wiring is carried out in flame-retardant pipes, ducts or unprotected cables that do not support combustion. Installation of cables must be done with the possibility of replacement during operation (hatches, cable hauling). The best option hidden electrical wiring in partitions and suspended ceilings is wiring in a corrugated pipe or plastic box.

Concealed electrical wiring in door frames and window frames

According to the regulations (GOST R 50571.15.1-93), concealed electrical wiring is possible in door frames and window frames. This type of flush wiring is applicable to wires with protective insulation or double-insulated cables.

Hidden electrical wiring in wooden floors and wooden houses

In wooden buildings and wooden partitions, concealed wiring must only be carried out in metal pipes with pipe connections without welding on threaded couplings.

It is possible to use plastic smooth and corrugated pipes made of non-combustible plastic for hidden electrical wiring in wooden floors and wooden houses.

Where hidden wiring is prohibited

Concealed wiring is prohibited

• If it violates the technological integrity of the supporting structures;
• In technological joints of floor slabs.

Pipes for electrical wiring

For hidden electrical wiring, special pipes are used:

• Smooth pipes made of recycled polyethylene (PE), TU 63.178-103-85, Appendix 3;
• Smooth pipes made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), TU 6-19-215-86, Appendix 2;
• Smooth pipes made of filled polyethylene (PE), TU 6-19-051-575-85, Appendix 4;
• Smooth pipes made of polypropylene (PP), TU 38-102-100-76, Appendix 10;
• Corrugated pipes made of polyethylene (PE), TU 6-19-051-518-87, Appendix 6;
• Corrugated pipes made of recycled polyethylene (PE), TU 63.178-117-87, Appendix 7;
• Corrugated pipes made of non-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC), TU 6-19-051-419-84, Appendix 5;
• In the absence of such pipes, technological pipes are used:
• Smooth pressure pipes made of low pressure polyethylene (HDPE) and high pressure polyethylene (LDPE), GOST 18599-83, Appendix 9;
• Pipes made of recycled polyethylene (PE), TU 6-19-133-79, appendix P.;
• Smooth pressure pipes made of PVC-U, TU 6-19-231-87, appendix 8;
• Smooth pipes made of polypropylene (PP), TU 38-102-100-76, Appendix 10.

Regulations

• PUE (Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations);
• GOST R 50571.15-97. (IEC 364-5-52-93). Electrical installations of buildings. Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Wiring;
• SNiP 3.05.06-85 Electrical devices.

Photo album of the article Hidden Wiring

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The word "wiring" is familiar to everyone, but not everyone will correctly explain its meaning. For many, the concept is associated exclusively with wires. In fact, this is a whole system that includes:

• laid in the building insulated wires;
• unarmored cables;
• them protective structures;
• connecting and fastening elements.

And most importantly, this whole system called "wiring in the house" has a specific purpose - to deliver electricity from the power source and distribute it to consumers.

It's also important to understand the difference.

Electrical wiring is carried out in networks with voltage up to 1000 V: in buildings and structures (inside or outside), on the territories of institutions and enterprises, in courtyards and microdistricts, on construction sites and household plots.

Cables and wires with a voltage of over 1000 V, laid in special channels, wells, on poles, are already power transmission lines (TL).

TYPES AND TYPES OF ELECTRICAL WIRING

By placement, electrical wiring is of two types:

• internal (mounted inside rear);
• external (laid on outer walls structures).

According to the laying method, both external and internal wiring are also classified into hidden and open.

OPEN WIRING

With open wiring, cables and wires are laid along wall surfaces, ceilings and other building elements of the building.

There are several laying methods:

• free suspension;
• directly on the wall surface or ceiling;
• in electrical plinth;
• on strings;
• in platbands;
• on ropes;
• in trays;
• on rollerskates;
• on insulators;
• in boxes;
• in pipes.

In turn, open wiring is divided into three subspecies:

Stationary.

This is wiring that is permanently connected and cannot be disconnected without the use of a special tool.

Portable.

The contacts of such wiring are interconnected using plug-in connectors (not twisted or soldered), that is, such wiring can be disconnected at any time.

Mobile.

It is used to connect mobile mechanisms to the electrical network.

Advantages open wiring are as follows:

1. It is easy to install. Not even the most experienced electrician, but an ordinary man who understands electricity, can do such electrical wiring in an apartment with his own hands.

2. No need optional equipment(like a power tool for cutting strobes).

3. The integrity of ceilings and walls during installation is minimally disturbed.

4. Wiring is available at any time for inspection or damage repair.

5. It is mobile, if you need to move the switch or socket to another place, this can be done without problems.

Disadvantages of open wiring:

1. It is unattractive and does not always fit into the interior.

2. During installation, it is necessary to take into account the technical standards and requirements of the premises (not everywhere it can be used).

3. open way gaskets are most dangerous in terms of fires. If the load exceeds the permissible one, overheating of the wiring and fire is possible, which will immediately spread to the wallpaper or decor.

HIDDEN WIRING

Hidden wiring is laid inside structural elements buildings - in ceilings and foundations, in wall surfaces, under removable floors. There are several ways to lay a cable or wire:

• in pipes;
• in grooves for plaster;
• in a flexible metal sleeve;
• in the voids of the building structure;
• in channels;
• in boxes;
• in niches of plasterboard structures.

Rare now, but Soviet time often used such a method as embedding conductors in a building structure during its manufacture.

Advantages of concealed wiring:

1. It is not visible, does not spoil the interior of the room and does not interfere with any finishing work.

2. This laying method is characterized by high level electrical safety. All conductors are hidden, which means touching live parts and defeat electric shock minimized.

3. Being under a layer of plaster, hidden wiring does not have air access, as a result of which it has high fire safety.

4. There is no solar and mechanical impact on the elements of hidden wiring, due to which its service life is increased.

disadvantages hidden way gaskets el. wiring:

1. It is practically impossible to repair such wiring. If a wire burns out somewhere, it will be very problematic to find the place of damage.

2. Labor-intensive installation.

3. It is necessary to immediately clearly think over the locations of sockets and switches, the ways of laying wires, since it will be difficult to change something in the future.

4. An accurate wiring diagram will be required. After all, when you need to drill a hole for attaching a picture or shelves, you need to be sure that you will not hit the wire with a drill. You can, of course, do without a circuit, but then you have to buy a special device to detect hidden wiring.

OUTDOOR WIRING

In another way, outdoor wiring is called street. It is laid outside the houses, along the walls of structures and buildings, as well as between them on special structures or supports.

Such wiring is necessary to supply voltage to lighting lamps, alarms, CCTV cameras and utility rooms (garage, workshop, barn, sauna, bathhouse, swimming pool). All this must be taken into account even at the stage of construction of buildings and structures.

Outdoor wiring in country house important as much as internal. In addition to the fact that it is necessary to provide sufficient lighting on the site, at any time you may need to connect a power tool in the yard (drill, grinder, lawn mower, pump). Do not pull carriers through the whole house and plot, it is better to plan places for installing 2-3 outlets when planning power supply.

The most important difference between outdoor wiring is that it is exposed to atmospheric factors - rain, snow, wind, sunlight. Therefore, it must be reliably protected from precipitation, from mechanical influences and accidental human touches to current-carrying parts.

General requirements for electrical wiring.

These requirements are equally applicable to both apartments and private houses:

1. All boxes, sockets and switches must be located in such places that they always have free access.

2. All connections and branches are made only in boxes.

4. Grounding and grounding conductors are connected only by welding.

5. Zeroing of stationary plates is carried out by separate conductors.

According to the PUE (Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations), the following are also regulated:

• norms for the number of outlets per room;
• distances at which sockets and switches should be placed in relation to the floor and communications;
• wire laying standards (vertical and horizontal sections).

ELECTRICAL WIRING IN THE HOUSE AND APARTMENT

Apartment wiring is not as costly in terms of finances, effort and time as wiring in a private house. In multi-storey housing construction, each apartment has already been connected electrical network from the total switchboard to the input machine.

Do-it-yourself wiring in apartments is within the power of many and is carried out according to such an approximate plan:

1. You should start by drawing up a diagram.
2. Based on the scheme, it is necessary to make markings on the walls and calculate required amount wires, cables, switching devices and accessories.
3. Next come installation work- cutting strobes, laying conductors in them, installing boxes, switches and sockets, and connecting all elements.
4. The final stage is to check the operation of the assembled circuit.

Electrical wiring in a private house.

Wiring in a private house is also quite realistic to do with your own hands to a person who understands electricity. Just keep in mind that it is different from the apartment option, as additional requirements are imposed on it.

Power supply should be carried out from the network with a voltage of 220 V or 380 V, with a system grounding TN-C-S. It is forbidden to lay conductors on heated surfaces, as well as near a stove, chimney or fireplace (this rule is especially true for saunas and baths).

Of particular difficulty when laying wiring with your own hands in a private house is the installation of the input. First, you will have to go around several institutions to obtain permission and technical conditions.

There is a lot of work to be done on assembling the switchboard and laying the inlet line (digging a trench for a cable or installing a tap from an overhead power line). And only then you can proceed to the internal wiring according to the same plan as described above for the apartment version.

If you are not sure that you can mount a reliable and high-quality email. wiring in an apartment or a private house on your own in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, it is better to invite a specialist. Remember that 65% of all fires in electrical installations originate in the household electrical network.

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Requirements for hidden wiring, necessary materials and equipment, installation features.

It should be noted that there is simply no clear and unambiguous division of electrical wiring into hidden and open. There are two different opinions: some consider only that electrical wiring to be hidden, the route of which is not visible, it is impossible to trace. At the same time, others believe that it should also be classified as hidden, since the cable is not visible, and it is protected mechanically.

We will not break copies on this topic. Let's talk only about the wiring, which everyone considers hidden. According to the method of laying the cable, it can be divided into wiring, and wiring mounted under any sheathing. In the same room, these cable laying methods may well be combined.

Well, and, of course, hidden electrical wiring is presented whole line requirements, on each of which we will try to dwell in detail.

Hidden or open wiring- which is better?

Concealed cable entry

wires are not visible behind a layer of gypsum or cement, which not only reliably hides the cable, but also serves as a good dielectric, provided that the plaster is dry.

if the circuit is damaged, it is extremely difficult to find out exactly where the break or leak occurred;

it is difficult to get to the wire, because for this you have to remove ceramic tiles or wallpaper, which means that after repair you need to make repairs, which requires a lot of money.

Exposed cable routing

the wiring is easy to get to, and you don’t have to remove the tiles or wallpaper, and then make repairs.

conductors are visible, which is not entirely aesthetically pleasing; exposed wiring is easier to damage than hidden wiring.

Requirements for hidden wiring

The first and most important requirement is fire safety requirement. Because of this requirement, hidden wiring in wooden house under inner lining must be carried out in steel or PVC pipes. In brick and concrete houses electrical wiring cables must either be terminated in a strobe, or behind a sheathing made of sheets of gypsum board, gypsum fiber board, LSU or plywood.

The next requirement is ensuring the replacement of electrical wiring. The idea here is to be able to change and add cables without having to remove the wall cladding and cause any damage. But, unfortunately, this remarkable requirement is often forcibly not respected. After all, it is very rarely possible to break through a strobe in the wall, sufficient for laying a whole pipe. Therefore, for replacement, often only a pipe or a corrugated pipe remains behind the casing, and pipes for electrical wiring laid under the floors.

Since the wiring is hidden, then one specific requirement is imposed on it, which subsequently facilitates its operation. This requirement applies to the path of the cable route. During installation, there is always some temptation to lay the cable as you please: somewhere diagonally, somewhere horizontally in the middle of the wall. This can save time and materials. However, it is better to remember that all cable transitions must be carried out either strictly vertically or horizontally under the ceiling or at a height of 2.5 meters. This is for wall wiring. If the wiring is done under the floor, then the cable must always run parallel to any pair of walls.

Hidden wiring allows you to aesthetically arrange the network of wires over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. At the same time, switches and sockets protrude minimally beyond the level of the walls. Such wiring is stationary and is planned at the stage overhaul. This article will tell you how to make hidden wiring

Concealed wiring device

There are two opinions about what kind of wiring is considered hidden. Some experts say that hidden is the one that is not visible. It is laid in a strobe or mounted under the skin. Others argue that hidden wiring should also include cables placed in tubes and channels.

Consider the first one classic version, in which all specialists are similar. That is, the placement of wires in the thickness of building structures. Namely, in partitions, ceilings, floors, wall voids and suspended ceilings.

Installation of concealed wiring must be started during repair work. IN ideal- before applying the final layer of putty.

Usually the wires are placed in a specially made strobe. These furrows are made with wall chasers and a grinder. At household repairs and a small amount of work use a perforator or scarpel with a hammer.

The wiring must have a second sheath or be placed in protective pipes or a box.

Requirements for hidden wiring in the house

The most important requirement for flush wiring is Fire safety. Its laying in wooden and flammable structures requires special care. Therefore, the wires are placed in steel or PVC pipes.

It is necessary that the elements cable system were easily replaced. This rule is rarely followed. And manipulations to replace and add wiring are forced to destroy the coating of the structure.

Conducting wiring is carried out vertically and horizontally relative to one of the walls. This will save materials and money, simplify the work process. And in future repair work will simplify the search for a network of wires.

Before installation, a plan of the cable system must be drawn up. It will not be superfluous to indicate the location of all electrical boxes. The hidden wiring scheme is carried out and saved for the future. When it changes in the process of work, appropriate adjustments are made to the plan.

The electrical safety of concealed wiring is important. Experts advise using a cable with three cores. And connect the yellow-green ground wire in the future, if this is not provided initially.

You also need to take care of the protective shutdown device.

Hidden wiring diagram

Installation of hidden wiring is carried out in a certain sequence.

First, the type of network branching is determined: boxed or stub.

First, it involves the laying of one cable over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire apartment. From it to each room is assigned another wire. Such a branching is carried out in a junction box.

Daisy chain European type involves two wires. One is for sockets, the second is for lamps. They come out of the switchboard into every room. Which contains a switch for each cable of hidden wiring.

After that, the locations of the fixtures and junction boxes for hidden wiring switches are determined.

Wiring paths need to be considered. They are placed 15 cm below the ceiling or 10 cm from a beam or cornice. The distance to door and window connectors should be at least 10 cm. Routes to sockets are laid at their level. Perpendicular to the floor, rises are made to places for lamps and sockets.

The drawn scheme on paper is transferred to the surface of the structure.

Materials and equipment for hidden electrical wiring

When installing hidden wiring in a house, it is optimal to use a cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm for VVG sockets. It is based on copper conductors with double protection. And for eyeliner lighting- PBGPP with a diameter of up to 6 mm. This is a flat wire for hidden and open wiring, which consists of one flexible core.

Suitable for wiring switchboards any type. The same can be said about sockets and switches. True, the socket for hidden wiring takes less space and looks more aesthetically pleasing.

Boxes for hidden wiring are selected based on the type of walls. They are available for hollow and solid structures. Sometimes socket boxes are used for this purpose, which are closed with homemade lids.

To securely connect the ends of the wires, purchase plastic PPE caps or terminal blocks.

A chasing tool is required for cable installation. A perforator is enough for a home electrician for this task. Concrete work will require equipment with a power of 1.5 kW or more. You will also need a cable cutter and a plastering trowel.

And for fastening the wire in the furrows, stock up on dowel-clamps, a mounting strip and alabaster solution.

Do-it-yourself hidden wiring

After determining the type and drawing up the wiring diagram, the stage of its installation begins.

In the place where the cable enters the apartment, install a switchboard.

If the repair involves plastering 0.9 cm or more, fix the wires in it. Sometimes wires are laid along the walls and covered with a plinth. This does not save much money, but it puts electrical communications at risk.

More reliable and practical placement of hidden wiring in the furrows. In order not to stumble upon metal fittings, they first check the place for wiring with a metal detector.

The width of the strobe should accommodate all the wires. Then, due to friction, they lie firmly in the channel and do not fall out of it. The depth of the furrow corresponds to the thickness of the cable plus space for leveling with plaster. Usually enough 8 - 10 mm.

Places for sockets and boxes for hidden wiring are made with a puncher with a “crown”. If the power of the tool is not enough, then the nozzle is replaced with a drill.

For reliability, the wires are supposed to be placed in cable channels, which initially need to be fixed in the strobe. And the wires themselves are pulled inward with the help of a flexible wire.

If additional protection is not used, then the wiring is fastened in the grooves with alabaster.

Sockets and their outer frames are installed.

The cores of the wires at the crossroads of the wiring are connected in junction boxes. They protect the cable ends from dust, moisture and mechanical stress.

The strobe is plastered from above according to the general level.

It usually takes 2 - 3 working days to replace internal wiring in one room.

Wiring hidden wiring in a wooden house

Particular attention should be paid to the electrical network in a wooden house.

The ideal option is the integrity of the cable without the use of boxes. So each wire from the machine goes with a separate end to the load point.

It is necessary to remove the wiring from the flammable structure as much as possible. Therefore, laying wires over wooden base prohibited. And the impregnation of wood with non-combustible substances is useless over time.

The wiring is laid in a metal sleeve. So that in case of fire, do not endanger the house. Pipes are tightly welded together. Or fasten with bolts.

The plastic counterpart is not as durable. And rodents can eat it. If the wiring is still in plastic pipes, protect it non-combustible materials. For example, concrete, alabaster or plaster.

The cable should occupy no more than 40% of the space in the pipe. And the thickness of its wall is selected based on the cross section of the cable. So for copper wires:

• with a core diameter of 4 mm - the metal of the sleeve is at least 2.8 mm,
• from 6 to 10 mm - in 3.2 mm,
• from 25 to 35 mm - 4 mm.

For aluminum wires twice the requirements. So with a cable diameter of 7 cm, a pipe 4 mm thick is required.

Sockets are placed in metal socket boxes.

Wiring is carried out using wires with a non-combustible coating. For example, VVGng, RKGM, NYM and VVGng LS.

All metal pipes are grounded. To slow down corrosion processes, the metal is coated with a special paint.

A copper sleeve is more expensive, but more durable and easier to install than a steel counterpart.

For safety, it is necessary to install two shields: with automatic machines and switches.

The power grid is thought out so that there is access to it, without destruction wooden frame Houses. For security purposes, the junction boxes remain in the public domain.

1. Lay wiring at the initial stage of repair. When there is nothing besides the draft walls, floor and ceiling.

2. Before installing the wires, check their integrity with an indicator. After - repeat the action.

3. For wiring accuracy, draw lines for laying wires on the surface. This is easy to do with building level and/or rangefinder.

4. There is no lighting when wiring. An autonomous power generator or neighbors will help solve the problem.

5. After chasing, it is necessary to clean the furrows from dust with a brush. After treating with a primer.

6. When wiring in drywall constructions be sure to use protective covers.

7. Do not forget to leave a margin of wire length at the junctions with sockets, switches and boxes.

8. Use the same cables: copper or steel. The connection of two different metals is more susceptible to corrosion.

9. New wiring requires permission to connect to an external power source. Therefore, you can not do without a specialist.

10. Switches are usually placed at a height of 1.5 - 1.7 m on one side throughout the apartment. At the same time, in order to open Entrance door did not block access to them.

11. According to fire regulations, there is at least one outlet for every 6m², and three in the kitchen.

12. If it is necessary to cross wires, their insulation increases. To do this, 3 - 4 turns of electrical tape are made around each cable.