Wooden staircase with your own hands. Do-it-yourself wooden ladder - a step-by-step description of the work from "a" to "z" How can you make a ladder with your hands

If you are planning a wooden staircase with your own hands - step-by-step instruction with photos, videos and installation projects posted on this portal will be an excellent guide in this matter. To prepare for the process, you need to stock up on the necessary tools and materials.

Materials and parameters

Lumber: boards 40 and 25 cm wide, 4 to 2.5 cm thick, beams 5x5 cm, joiner's glue, paints and varnishes, rods for galvanized screed, self-tapping screws and corners. Among the equipment used is a hand circular, a screwdriver, brushes, abrasive paper, a clamp, a chisel, a grinder.

For correct placement, the slope is determined to be 25 - 40 degrees. The gap between the steps is 19 cm. The tread width is 25 cm or more. The height of the handrails is 90 cm. The bowstring of the structure is made on the basis of pine edged boards with parameters 40 cm wide and 4 cm thick.

Installation of a conventional straight ladder

Here you can find out optimal way, according to which a wooden staircase is created with your own hands, a video with step-by-step instructions will allow you to quickly and correctly build a structure:

The marking of areas for the installation of treads is provided by means of a circular using a template. For this, cuts are created with a depth of 1 cm. Using a chisel, the mass of wood is removed between the cuts. The finished bowstring is mounted on the workplace.
The bowstrings are fixed with self-tapping screws to the floor surface. To do this, stock up on a screwdriver and galvanized metal corners.

Steps are cut from boards 25 cm wide using a circular. The thickness of the steps is trimmed to the width of the span, not less than 2.5 cm.The end parts for more reliable fixation with the bowstring are processed grinder.
The assembly of steps and bowstrings is carried out with wood glue. The end parts of the steps and the grooves in the bowstring are smeared. Galvanized rods with threads at the ends are used for the screed. Nuts with wide gaskets are screwed onto them.
Two boards are fixed to the installed rack at a level of 90 cm. They will provide the function of handrails.
Rack made of 3.5 '' steel.
Wood mass 1 × 8.
Wooden elements 1 × 12.
Post connectors.
Supports for handrails.
Handrails with specified parameters.
Metal base for steps.
Welding machine.

Spiral Staircase: Materials for Crafting

Step-by-step installation

In the structure under consideration, the distance between the floors is 3 m. Then the total height is divided by the selected size of the steps and their number is obtained: 300 cm ÷ 18 cm = 16.6 pcs.

The top position will end with a 17 rung (rounded result). The width of the steps along the inner edge is 10 cm. The calculation of the outer edge begins with determining the outer diameter of the staircase without handrails.

The middle pillar and 2 steps form a section of 172 cm. To determine the circumference, multiply the staircase diameter by 3.14. Then 172 cm x 3.14 = 540 cm.Since 17 steps are to be installed, 210 ÷ 17 = 32 cm.To create an overlap of 2.5 cm, the width of the steps outside is 35 cm.

Support part

The screw device is created using a center support made of metal and bases for the steps. For the central pillar with a diameter of 20 cm, 400 cm are cut off. Of these, 300 are reserved for 17 steps, 90 cm for the fence at the top and 10 cm are for the reserve.

The pillar is marked at the points where it is planned to erect the steps, that is, every 17.64 cm. The upper part is crowned with a thick round plate welded to the pillar. At the bottom, a square platform with a height of 1 cm and parameters of 30 by 30 cm is created. Gaps are made for each corner of the platform for anchors and fixation is made to the base.

Placement of steps

The steps are attached to the central support in the marked areas. Each subsequent step overlaps the previous one by 2.5 cm so that the supports for the connection can be fixed. They attach one step to another. This is served by metal or wood. Then all the bases of the steps are fixed to the central support. Wooden steps are superimposed on the bases. Gaps are made in the places connecting the supports.

Then you can screw 3 railing posts per step so that there is a gap of no more than 10 cm between them. After installing the posts, you can fix the handrails. When buying material, it is important to observe the ability to form bends in the direction of the stairs.

When carrying out decorative processing, you can paste over a metal support wood materials... Lacquer coatings are used for finishing the steps. They are applied over a primed surface.

Attention! Widely used wooden steps in combination with glass, metal and plastic handrails.

For the installation of structures are used adhesives with different types fastenings. However, their design may place too much stress on the product.

Modern cottages and private houses assume the presence of 2 or more floors, and the topmost of them can be both residential and non-residential premises. In any case, a ladder is needed.

Make yourself a reliable interfloor or attic staircase made of concrete or metal structures is quite heavy, which cannot be said about wood.

Even a novice master can collect it.

From this article you will find out what types of wooden stairs are, what are their differences, what material is used to make spans. In addition, each of you will be able to make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself - in the article we will give approximate calculations and photo.

Types and types of structures

There are several species wood staircase structures:

Marching stairs... Easy to manufacture and convenient to use, but require large area premises. The staircase of the marching structure can be placed along the wall or mounted in the middle of the room;
... Usually located in confined spaces. Because throughput the structure is very small, it is better to navigate it one by one. A spiral staircase (if you build it yourself) will cost much less than other structures, and will last about the same;
Combined stairs... It can be used in the construction of a private house, if the layout allows. Most often, flight stairs are made with a screw element.

Types of structures wooden stairs are distinguished by the following:

Stairs on the bolts- the steps are attached to huge hanging bolts (balusters);
stairs on bowstrings- the flight of stairs is mounted to the beam with special cutouts on inside end-to-end;
stairs on kosoura... Kosour is an inclined beam, on top of which the steps are attached.

What tree can be used to make a staircase

Material selection for depends on the preferences of the owner of the house or apartment, the characteristics of the tree and the cost of it. Various breeds have their own advantages and disadvantages:

Maple... A ladder made of this breed will be the strongest and most durable. Color - light brown. The disadvantage of a maple staircase is the high price tag.
Larch... The color of the structure is golden yellow or dark yellow with brown streaks. Fine endures impacts external factors... The larch staircase will turn out to be strong and solid.
Oak... A feature of oak stairs is that the older they are, the darker the shade.
Spruce... The most popular material due to its low cost. Spruce wood has a homogeneous structure and a light shade.
Pine... Due to the low density of the wood, it is very easy to handle. An additional advantage pine is low cost material. The disadvantage of a pine staircase is a short service life. A pine staircase is best installed in the country, where it will be used seasonally.

Pros and cons of wooden stairs

Wooden ladders have advantages and disadvantages. Let's get acquainted with them in more detail.

Positive sides:

Low cost of building materials;
environmental friendliness of wood;
ease of processing;
the ability to do it yourself;
light weight;
aesthetic appearance.

Negative sides of wood:

Low strength in comparison with concrete or metal stairs;
wood is a natural material and tends to deteriorate and change. Therefore, after a while, preventive work may be needed;
fire hazard of the material.

Materials for making stairs

For the installation of stairs to the second floor You will need:

Bars for steps;
riser beams (leg supports);
boards;
beams wide 30 - 40 mm;
bar for stringer - 50 * 240mm;
screws, self-tapping screws;
joiner's glue;
building level, square, tape measure;
handrails and, but it is better to purchase them at a hardware store.

Ladder calculations

If you decide to make a wooden staircase do it yourself, think over the nuances of the design: determine its dimensions, calculate the number of steps and supports. It is important to initially imagine what function the staircase will perform: connect the floors or lead to the top of the attic. (Information about self-insulation attics can be read).

Draw schema it’s not difficult too. Most often, a straight flight staircase is made. It connects the first floor with the second, and reaches a height of several meters. For convenience, the angle of inclination of the structure should be equal to the value in 30-40 degrees.

Note! Wooden houses shrink significantly in the first two years after construction, so the angle of inclination may change.

So, for your convenience, we will provide basic calculations elements of the stairs (for example, wooden) standard constructions:

Base length - 3.5-4 m;
flight of stairs - 2.5 m;
width of steps - 30 cm;
step height - 15-20 cm.

Necessary calculations

1. We define stair height... Average value from ceiling to floor - 250 cm... The thickness must be added to this value. interfloor overlap... Its average value 35 cm... We get:
  250 + 35 = 285 cm

1. calculate number of steps: the height of the stairs is divided by the height of the step. The last value (i.e. the height of the steps) is better to take the average - 17 cm... We get:
  285cm / 17cm = 16.76

The value is rounded up. Total we get 17 steps.

1. define step width... It is believed that the permissible tread width (flat facing part of the step) may be in the range from 22-40 cm... In Russian practice, to calculate the width of the step and the rise (riser), use the formula: a + b = 47 cm, where a- riser height, b- step width. We get:
  47-16.67 = 30.3 cm

Round the value to 30 cm... - this is the width of the step.

1. the width of the staircase should be a multiple of the width of the step. In our case, this value can be equal to 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm... etc.
2. calculate ladder length... The length of the stairs is equal to the product of the number of steps and their width. We get:
  17 * 30 = 480 cm

calculate stringer length... We make calculations by the Pythagorean theorem: the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. That is A² + B² = C²... In this formula:
A- the height of the stringer,
V- the length of the flight of stairs,
WITH Is the length of the stringer. We get:

230400 + 81225 = 311625
The root of this number is 558.23 cm... Can be rounded to 560 cm.

Advice! If it is difficult to make geometric calculations, then you can draw a ladder on paper in an appropriate scale and measure the angle and length of the base.

Assembling the stairs

Before proceeding with the assembly of the stairs to the second floor, you need to decide on place of installation of stringers (supporting structure flight of stairs). Mounting stairs (in our case, a marching structure) includes several stages:

1. Installation of kosour. Lower part We fasten the kosour with a support bar. From above, we cut the kosour into the ceiling beam.

grinding stairs, covering with a protective compound.
varnishing and painting... To do this, use a roller or brush. Paint over need a ladder in 2-3 layers, each next layer must be applied after a while, so that the previous layer has time to dry.

The cost of the finished staircase

Those who decided to buy ready a wooden ladder or make it order, should be aware that the cost will depend on the complexity of the structure and the type of wood.

For example, the most common design of a flight staircase with a turn on 90 degree pine will cost 60-80000 rub., birch - 100,000 rubles.,oak - 150,000 rubles.

You can order a wooden staircase in a specialized store or on the websites of companies. Manufacturing stairs on average 5-10 working days.

It is up to you to make a wooden staircase yourself or order it from specialists. Self-assembly not a fast process, but it also has its advantages. First of all, it is saving cash and visual Quality control building materials.

This tells how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands. video.

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house will be built with your own hands, it is logical to make the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary selection and clearly understand what type of climb you need. But before taking on the work, carefully calculate the future structure for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or their absence) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

There are many different options flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (gentle staircase, spiral, with a turn by a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Also, a staircase with a 90-degree turn is often built. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

In the case of limited space, a spiral staircase is made of metal. Helical view lifting allows you to save space, and the manufacture of metal - increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to look for

In a low-rise building, having no construction experience, it is better to order modular ladder, a kind of constructor, where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and you just have to assemble them using the instructions. These are usually wooden stairs.

When building a staircase made of concrete, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform exterior decoration(beautiful stone or wood materials). This is a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages of 3 or more floors, they are mandatory for fire safety requirements.

When making a ladder for the first time, you do not need to swing immediately at complex structure... The simpler the model, the more likely you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first attempt.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the ladder: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an attached ladder, and you can go down it only with your back forward. The optimal ascent angle is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood as a material for construction is preferable, since it allows, due to its properties, to correct minor construction flaws that have arisen due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the contractor.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result, the staircase can become a few centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to fix this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards the opposite, the distance between the spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any construction, be it a staircase to a house, or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Special attention in it, it is necessary to pay attention to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must be able to support the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair amount. The use of handrails is mandatory!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of the descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second phase of construction.

A pine board 4 cm thick is suitable as a material for kosour.On it, we mark the steps according to the pattern and cut it out with an electric jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the stairs is more than a meter, then the third) kosour. Cut to size required amount steps.

The third step is to assemble all the parts together. First of all, stringers are installed in their places of permanent placement. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The ladder is ready!

DIY ladder photo

Note!

Today, most private houses are built on two or more floors. On this basis, the question arises about the need to move around the house, or rather, the construction of a staircase. For such a structure, you can use various materials both traditional and exclusive. But many owners country houses in order to save money, they are interested in how to build a staircase with their own hands.

Types of wooden stairs

The first thing to consider when developing a project drawing is this is the size of the landing under the stairs... Also, when choosing a structure, you need to take into account the cost of materials, ease of use of the structure (when descending and ascending), especially if it is installed for daily use. It is also necessary to pay attention to the aesthetics of this structure, since it must fit into the style and interior of the rooms. Wooden stairs are divided into two types - marching and spiral. In order to choose for yourself which one is better to install, you need to understand the pros and cons of each of them.

Screw designs have a fairly complex shape, but their main plus is that they take up a minimum of space, which is especially important in small house... It should be noted that such ladders are installed quite rarely when compared with marching ones. This is because they are difficult to install and operate. Especially if you go up with large equipment.

However, these designs have many fans. Spiral staircases can become a real elegant element of the interior. Also compact.

When installing screw structures, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations, since making a small mistake during installation can lead to many injuries in the future.

Marching structures

Such structures are characterized by higher stability and strength than screw. Although screw structures take up much less space than marching ones, they are installed less often.

Basically, in private houses, structures with one or two flights are installed. But in principle there may be more of them. They also have many variety of options designs.

To save space marching structures set for two flights, and the second part can be deployed to the first from 90 to 180 degrees. When planning the main objective is creation comfortable conditions using such a design.

Sometimes, for convenience, curvilinear flight stairs are installed. Smooth turning is ensured by the installation of corner steps. Such steps can also be installed on two-flight structures instead of a platform between them.

Single-flight wooden

Single-flight design- the most popular option among owners of private houses and not only. The staircase can be located both in the middle of the room and near the wall.

The area under the one-marching structure is also used with benefit. For example, if you install a partition and put a small door, a functional utility room will come out for storing things and tools.

It should also be noted that the advantage is the great strength of such structures, since they have additional support in the form of walls.

Rotary rung design

A single-flight staircase with rotary lower steps, as a rule, is installed to emphasize the interior or because of the peculiarities of the layout of the room. For example, if a window is installed on the wall near the future staircase and you do not want to close it with a two-flight structure.

With the right approach not only to the design, but also to the interior of the room, the turning steps will add elegance to the room. At the same time, their functionality is not lost.

Two-flight simple

Ladder that has two flights and a turning platform between them, is often used when there is a need to install such a structure above front door, thereby significantly saving space. Moreover, it is very compact, and a closet for storing things under it can also be made.

The most popular material for the construction of such structures is considered to be wood. Before starting work on the installation of a wooden staircase, you need to think over some possible nuances. First of all, you need to decide on the type of construction.

For example, a spiral staircase takes up much less space. But the downside is the complexity of the production and installation of such a ladder. Moreover, it is very inconvenient to move along such ladders, since they are rather narrow and it is difficult for a "dimensional" person to climb and descend along them. And there can be no talk at all about the transfer of any technique.

One of the most popular types of stairs in private households is flight staircase... Making a wooden staircase with your own hands is not difficult. They are very comfortable and spacious. Structures of this type are available with one or two spans, but there is no fundamental difference in the technique of execution.

You also need to consider a few points:

How much space in the house is the owner willing to allocate for installation?
What is the distance between floors.
What kind of load it must withstand every day.
What elements the structure will have, its height, width, length, etc.

After determining the shape and type of construction, it is necessary to prepare all materials for work. In order not to overpay for the extra purchased material, you need to carefully consider the design and make an accurate drawing.

Do not forget about the gap above the stairs. When a person of average height will walk along it, then he should not bend down or bang his head against the ceiling.

Having measured all the design parameters and made the drawings, you can proceed to the purchase and preparation of all necessary materials... For such structures, you can use wood. different breeds... Craftsmen generally recommend using oak, beech or larch. But these types of wood are very expensive. A more economical option is coniferous trees... Moreover, they also have sufficient strength for such work and lend themselves well to processing.

When buying basic material, you must definitely pay attention to its quality. It should not have rotten parts, fallen out knots, cracks and various deformations. The wood must also be well dried. Knots on the tree are allowed, but not in large numbers. Such a tree is considered second-rate. Furniture cannot be made of it and it is better to recycle it.

For installation it is necessary:

In addition to materials, you must first prepare the required tool:

Measuring tools (tape measure, corner, building ruler).
Drill for making holes (you can use a cordless one).
Hacksaw for wood and metal. Alternatively, you can use an electric saw and jigsaw.
A set of screwdrivers or screwdriver with different attachments.
Chisel and hammer.
Sandpaper.
Plane.

A previously made drawing must always be located near the construction site in order to check and not make mistakes.

The next step is to install a wooden staircase with your own hands. Step-by-step instructions are needed for correct and sequential assembly. When the drawing is in hand and all the materials and tools are ready, then you can start assembling the structure.

It is necessary to follow the following stages of work:

At this stage, the assembly is complete. It remains only to cover everything with a layer of varnish or paint. An antiseptic ball can be applied to keep out pests before painting. If there is a desire to make a staircase in wooden house, then this can be done with ease too. The main thing is to follow a properly prepared drawing, choose quality materials and necessary tools... Then put a little effort - and chic, comfortable and required element interior at the disposal of its owner. A staircase will decorate your home and make life easier.

You can turn to professionals for help, but keep in mind that they may not attach importance to minor defects during construction, which can subsequently lead to serious breakdowns and subsequent repairs. A self-made staircase to the second floor will give you several advantages:

the result will meet expectations;
will help save money and nerves;
a ladder made by yourself will be your pride.

If you are limited in funds for the purchase of materials, you can buy cheaper analogs: instead of wood, use chipboard, which can be varnished or painted.

In pursuit of economy, quality can be overlooked. While a cheap wooden staircase can also last a long time, it will start to creak very soon. In order not to face this nuisance, the ladder must be assembled using silicone sealant, which is impossible to do without preliminary painting of the parts.

In this article, we will talk about how to make a staircase to the second floor with our own hands from wood and metal, and also show photos and video instructions.

For the manufacture of an interfloor staircase, concrete with facing from tiles or marble, metal (a welding machine is required), as well as wood can be used. The last option is the most practical and convenient. The wooden structure is notable for its low weight, ease of installation and beautiful appearance.

If there is a room with a ceiling height of 2.8 m, it is worth giving preference to straight structures, or with a 25% turn of the staircase. The staircase is made with a length of 80 cm. This option allows you to use the space under the stairs for storing things. It should be noted that there is also a minus: free space on the upper and lower floors will be significantly reduced.

To save precious square meters perfect fit screw version stairs, but it is also not devoid of disadvantages:

too steep rise;
small width of stairs.

The installation of a spiral staircase will require 3 m² of free space and a lot of work.

Another variant of the staircase is possible, in which it is located along the surface of the wall. In this case, it is worthwhile to provide for two marches and a turn. Thus, you will make it as compact and comfortable as possible for movement.

Calculation of the dimensions of the stairs. Measure the distance between the floors of the first second floor together with the overlap. This will determine the height of the structure. The step should have a height of 18–20 cm. Further, dividing the height of the stairs by the height of the steps, you get the total number of steps.
Projection of dimensions onto the floor surface. To design a structure, it is necessary to determine the width of the steps (about 30 cm), after which their number must be multiplied by their width. This will give you the projection size.
Manufacturing of staircase elements. To make a kosour, you will need a bar measuring 14 × 16, steps - 4 cm boards, risers - 2.5 cm boards. You yourself will determine the length of the step, remember that the larger it is, the better.
Preliminary fitting. If, during the preliminary fitting of the parts, everything fits, process each element with a grinder and assemble the structure. To fix the parts of the staircase with each other, coat all the places of contact with each other with glue (PVA or carpentry) and additionally fasten with screws.
Stain and varnish coating... First apply the stain on the surface, and after waiting for it to dry, cover with several coats of varnish.

As design solution can be considered mortise steps, which are inserted into the grooves cut in the stringer:

Make markings on the stringer where the steps are to be installed. Using a hacksaw and chisel, cut out the grooves.
Make some 9 mm holes in the center of the groove.
Screw the turbo coupling into the holes.
Place the step in the groove and screw it down.

When buying planed wood, you must consider the following requirements:

there should be no dark spots on the surface;
the presence of cracks, chips, roughness and other defects is unacceptable.

Knots (up to 1 cm in diameter) can only be present if steps or risers are made from the material. Also pay attention to the humidity, the large mass of the board suggests that it is worth abandoning the purchase.

When making a structure without experience, you may encounter certain difficulties, but your desire and aspiration will help you achieve the desired result.

Now we invite you to familiarize yourself with the technology of making a staircase made of wood. First of all, you need to make drawings with individual details constructions. To do this, take well-dried wood and transfer the appropriate dimensions to it. In this case, several factors should be taken into account:

The strength and reliability of the stairs will completely depend on the correctness of cutting out the stringers. Therefore, their manufacture must be approached responsibly. Moreover, for a kosour, it is necessary to pick up a solid board that does not have large knots in large quantities. The thickness of the board can be 45-50 mm.
The board for the risers can have a thickness of 15–20 mm more than for them on the stringer, and the thickness of the riser is also taken into account. The treads themselves should have a perfectly flat surface with neatly rounded edges. The thickness of the board can be in the range of 30–35 mm.
If you want to do closed staircase with risers, then their manufacture should also be extremely accurate. Its thickness should not be large, 15–20 mm is enough. In this case, the main load will go to the stringers. The risers themselves play the role of support.
As for the balusters and handrails, it is recommended to purchase them ready-made with stationary mounts.

If you have small children at home, then for safety reasons, install 2 balusters on each step. In all other cases, you can install one at a time.

When all the blanks of the structure are ready, you can proceed to the most important stage of work - the installation of the stairs. All subsequent work looks like this:

At the selected place, stringers are mounted. To do this, fix the support bar on the floor, it is on it that the kosour will be attached. At the top, the fastening is carried out into a cut-out groove in the beam. In some cases, it is used for fastening metal support... In this case, the fasteners are used anchor bolt... In the process of installing the stringer, be sure to check everything by level or plumb line.
Before laying the treads, the risers should be screwed on.

After that, the treads are fixed on the kosoura and on top of the risers with self-tapping screws in the direction from bottom to top.
After that, the balusters are installed.

So, at the top of the stairs and at the bottom, mount the support drains. They will serve as the border of the handrails as well as support the handrail.

In addition, the support legs serve as decorative elements. Therefore, they are often made using wood cutting.

Balusters, in turn, can have different shape, sizes and methods of fastening. Some, for example, are simply screwed on with self-tapping screws, others are mounted in pre-drilled holes. But in any case, the attachment point must be closed with a decorative plug. Further work as follows:

On top of the installed balusters, attach the railing to the extreme support posts. Optionally, you can install 1 or 2 additional support legs in the middle.
When using two, three or more support posts, instead of balusters between the posts, several boards can be installed parallel to the slope of the stairs.
In the next step, you can start sanding with emery or a sander. After that, paint and varnish is applied.

The first layer acts as an antiseptic against rotting and the appearance of mold / mildew. The structure should dry out, after which you can start the main painting.

The staircase is varnished on water based, hot wax or paint. You can also stain the wood to slightly darken the structure. It all depends on your desire.

Thus, the wooden staircase is ready for use.

A ladder made of metal requires a lot of labor, plus not everyone has the skills to work with welding machine... And yet, if you are ready to perform work of such a plan, then you need to prepare such a set of tools:

Welding machine and electrodes for direct currentØ3.2 and 1.6 mm.
Welder's protective mask.
Mittens.
Grinder and cutting discs 125 × 1.6 mm.
Grinding disc 125 mm.
Drill and drill set for metal.
Metal table.
Clamp that can be adjusted from 0 to 800 mm.
Vise.
Pencil.
Square.
Roulette.
Metal paint.
White Spirit.
Primer.

With all of this, as well suitable material you can start installation work... As for the selection of material, this can be done according to the completed drawing. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the principle of making a metal staircase on two stringers.

It should be noted right away that the whole process consists of the following step-by-step actions:

Manufacturing of blanks.
Making filly, i.e. fastening nodes of steps.
Support angle welding.
Installing a kosour.
Welding of steps and railings.
Sanding and priming / painting.

All work should be done slowly, strictly adhering to all dimensions of the drawing. Otherwise, any slight imbalance will be problematic to correct, moreover, it will spoil the appearance. finished structure... So, the work is carried out as follows:

From the corners it is necessary to make fastenings for the steps (filly). In relation to each other, they should be mirrored.
You can make filly from the corner. To do this, cut out the samples and join the corners together. The result should be L-shaped blanks with shelves down and in. Depending on the number of steps, you make a pair of fillies. One of them will be on the left, the other on the right.
Weld brackets for fastening the step and cross member between each pair of angles. The cross member is similarly made from the corner.
To increase the strength, you can install small gussets at the bottom of the steps towards the stringer.
Now take a square profile pipe and mark it on it, or rather, on its edge. On it you can weld filly to the stringer. Transfer exactly the same markings to another kosour. As a result, it will be possible to achieve the geometry of the entire structure.

If metal ladder has a width of more than 1.2 m, then you will need to install an additional stringer.

Next, you need to mount the stringer. At the bottom, it is welded to the support platform, and at the top, it is fixed to the floor slab or to the wall with anchors. In each case, the fastening method may differ. Therefore, be guided by the features of your opening. During this process, it is important to stick to the level. Moreover, two kosour must be strictly on the same level. In conclusion, it remains to weld the steps to the filly. Alternatively, you can install wooden steps on the filly. But for this it is necessary to use the fastening bolts.

The uppermost step should be installed as close to the wall as possible (if the stringers are anchored to the wall). Next, weld on the fence. At the same time, install it on the side so as not to reduce the width of the steps.

When arranging the railing, you can use forging or purchase prepared elements. Here again, it all depends on your personal taste and vision of the end result.

When all welding works completed, it's time to grind all welds. It is also necessary to remove any burrs and nicks. Using a wire brush, sweep away any particles. After that, the surface of the stairs is primed and painted in the desired color.

If the steps are wooden, then their installation is carried out after the paint has dried.

Finally, you can decorate the stairs. For example, the bottom side of the stairs can be clad with wood. You can also make stainless steel railings. Lay out the steps ceramic tiles... Due to this, the seemingly careless and bulky structure will acquire beautiful outlines and will be an excellent addition to the interior of the house.

While it may seem like this whole process is straightforward, working with metal is very tedious. Unlike working with wood, when it is easy to correct defects in case of defects, with metal it is much more problematic. However, the service life of the entire structure significantly exceeds its wooden counterpart.

If we talk about attractiveness and bright element interior, then competitors of the spiral staircase can hardly be found. With the right construction, it will last for many years. It can be made both from wood and from metal with forging elements. There are 4 main types of spiral staircases:

Construction with wedge-shaped steps, which with the narrow side rest on the supporting central column, and with the wide side against the wall or a manufactured frame. In this case, spiral bowstrings are constructed on stringers.
A free-standing structure, remote from the walls, with cantilevered steps on a monolithic column placed in the center.
Design without central support pillar... The steps are supported by curved bowstrings or stringers, which smoothly merge into the railing. This option is very beautiful and sophisticated. However, it is very difficult to manufacture.
Construction with a central support rod (asbestos-cement or steel pipeØ50 mm). This type of ladder is the most common.

As practice shows, the most comfortable spiral staircases with a span of 0.8–0.9 m. As a result, the diameter of the entire staircase construction will go up to 2 m, this is taking into account the central support post and the railing. If we talk about the shape of the stairs, then it can be round, square, rectangular or oval.

If the traffic intensity in your house is low, then the total diameter of the stairs is enough to make up to 1.5 m.In this case, the treads will have a width of up to 0.6 m.

It is also necessary to consider the ergonomics of the spiral staircase. The principle of the size and height of the steps is the same as on ordinary straight stairs, we have already talked about such measurements above. But there are some peculiarities, namely comfortable height lifting for a person. For example, we suggest that you consider the option of a spiral staircase, 3 m high and 0.8 m wide march.

The calculations are presented below:

The total diameter of the staircase with such dimensions is equal to the double width of the march, and the thickness of the support post is 20 cm.As a result, we get the following - D = 0.8 × 2 + 0.20 = 1.8 m.
The lifting radius is equal to half the width of the flight of the stairs and the support: Rn = 0.4 + 0.1 = 0.5 cm.
Now, dividing the length of the trajectory of movement by the depth of the tread, we can determine the number of steps in one loop: L = 2 π: 200 = 2 × 3.14 × 500: 200 = 17.2. As a result, there can be 17 steps in one turn of the flight of stairs.
It is also necessary to calculate the ergonomic step height. This must be done from the account so that a person at full height can move freely. Take, for example, a height of 1.8 m, add operational 20 to this value and divide by the number of steps in one loop. As a result, it turns out like this: h = 2000: 17 = 120 mm.

If the spiral staircase has a height of 3 m, then to determine the number of steps, perform the following actions n = 3000: 120 = 25. The result is 25 steps, 12 cm high.

In order for the spiral staircase to be durable and easy to use, it is important to observe the following rules:

On spiral staircase it is better not to install risers. This will increase the safety of the structure, and the foot will rest well on the step and not slide off the step in a narrow place.
If the height of the passage is 2 m, then even tall man will be able to comfortably move up the stairs.
To install the support leg, select a location that will support the weight of the entire structure and 2-3 people.

For the steps, it is best to choose a solid wood, such as oak or beech. Although it is much easier to buy ready-made steps. For example, you get a rectangular step and cut out the necessary configuration from it. The thickness of the product can be 40 mm or 30 mm. If one step is divided diagonally, then the result will be two steps at once. The edges of the workpiece must be rounded and sanded with a sander. Then you can varnish or paint them. A special sleeve should be attached to the step, which will hold it on the support post.