Belt in the formwork: what is it, what is its purpose and device technology. Monolithic belt - what is it and why is it needed? What is a monolithic belt for?

Armopoyas is a monolithic reinforced concrete structure. The belt has an annular contour, sits on the walls, and has no gaps (gaps) in its body. The solution to the question: how to properly make an armored belt begins with a formwork device. The most accessible formwork material is board. The formwork for the armored belt is made either from individual boards, or from finished wooden shields, interconnected from the outside with wooden trimmings. From below, the boards are attached to the wall with self-tapping screws. On top of the opposite walls of the formwork are connected wooden ties(on nails). Tie spacing - 80 cm, but not more than 100 cm.

Do-it-yourself armored belt

By making an armored belt with your own hands, you can use another option for its creation, in which the formwork is not wooden structures, and U-shaped blocks of aerated concrete. Tray blocks are laid the same width as the wall, and have a cavity inside for laying the associated reinforcing cage and concrete. A belt with such a "formwork" is especially advantageous to arrange along the outer walls, because the side walls of the U-shaped blocks act as a heater and exclude the formation of "bridges" of cold. The disadvantage of tray blocks is the high price.

Height of armored belt

Geometric and specifications monolithic construction determined by calculation. Usually the width of the belt is equal to the width of the wall, 30-50cm. Since the support is prefabricated or monolithic floor on the walls is only 120 cm (in practice - 150-200 cm), then based on this, the width of the belt can be taken smaller. The recommended height of the armored belt is 30cm.

In cottages where it is planned to create light ceilings, it is allowed to install a flat frame in the belt. The ladder frame is prepared directly on the wall, directly in the formwork. It consists of 2 rods (for a wide wall 3 rods) of a periodic profile (calculated diameter), interconnected by transverse rods. The pitch of the rods is 50 cm. The armored belt under the floor slabs carries higher loads. Therefore, the frame is made three-dimensional from 4 or 6 longitudinal reinforcing bars and tied with transverse wire clamps.

Armopoyas for aerated concrete

The frame on all sides must have a protective layer of concrete 4-5cm. From below, it is laid on supports made of brick or concrete chips. It should be noted that an armored belt is arranged on aerated concrete not only along the outer walls, but also along the bearing interior walls. And if along the length of the wall the transverse rods and clamps can be connected with a knitting wire, then at the corners of the building and in the places where the frame forks into internal load-bearing walls, the connection of the longitudinal reinforcement and transverse elements is carried out by welding. The frame is leveled strictly horizontally.

When constructing a roof truss structure, its lower row - Mauerlat, is attached to the load-bearing wall with special anchors and studs. The rafter system itself creates a bursting load, which can lead to deformation of the walls. Armopoyas under the roof provides the strength of the wall, stable rigidity of the roofing system. It will be performed similarly to the procedure for installing a monolithic belt under the ceiling. The armored belt under the Mauerlat serves both to distribute the load on the entire surface of the wall, and to lay fasteners in it for the Mauerlat itself.

How to fill in an armored belt

Task: how to fill in the armored belt is decided at the final stage of the monolithic structure. For filling, you can use ready-made purchased concrete mix brand M200 (B15). Another option is the production of concrete at the construction site. Cement M400, sand and gravel, are taken in a ratio of 1:3:5. All components are loaded into a concrete mixer, water is added to the desired consistency and mixed. It is important that concrete is poured into the formwork continuously, and not in parts. To remove air bubbles from the mixture, after pouring the concrete mixture, vibrate or intensively pierce the concrete along the entire length of the belt with a piece of reinforcement.

Armopoyas for aerated concrete made of bricks

In practice, as an option for strengthening wall structures, sometimes an armored belt for aerated concrete is made of bricks. It is a common masonry solid brick reinforced with reinforcement. Reinforcement is carried out with masonry wire mesh: 4-5 mm through each row of masonry in height. The solution is used cement-sand in a ratio of 1:4. The height of the brick belt is taken from 20 cm to 40 cm. The width of the belt can correspond to the width of the wall, but maybe narrower. Of course, a brick armored belt cannot be called equivalent in terms of strength characteristics to a reinforced concrete belt. However, it is reliable when building houses in areas with low seismic activity or for the construction of auxiliary facilities and outbuildings.

Armo-belt insulation

So that the reinforced belt does not become a "bridge" of cold and in order to avoid the formation of condensate on it, it is necessary to insulate the armored belt. Therefore, monolithic or brick belt, most often, they are performed not for the entire width of the wall, but with an indent from its outer edge. It is important to maintain the minimum width of the reinforced belt, which is 20 cm for concrete and 25 cm for brick. The resulting longitudinal niches are filled with heat-insulating material, which are partition aerated concrete blocks laid on a spoon (10 cm), expanded polystyrene plates and other materials.

Reinforced monolithic or brick belt gives building construction houses made of aerated concrete blocks with increased strength. And for all household members, he becomes the guarantor of safe, long and happy living in a new house.

of-stroy.ru

The feasibility of constructing a reinforced belt

In what cases is it necessary to strengthen the structure, is it possible to do without it? The seismic belt is flooded in the following situations:

insufficiently deepened foundation;
ravines and reservoirs are located in the immediate vicinity;
the building was built in a mountainous terrain;
possible shrinkage of the soil under the building;
the object is located in a seismic zone.

What is the base frame for?

A number of modern materials used in construction have a set of advantages. But due to insufficient rigidity, they negatively perceive point efforts. You can prevent destruction by completing the armo-belt device. This event is a justified necessity for modern structures, including brick ones.

Roofing affects the building with two types of forces:

vertically acting load transmitted by the mass of the roof and external factors: wind load, snow cover, seismic components. The point impact of the truss truss is converted into a uniformly distributed one.
Spacer action, transmitted to the base by leaning rafters. The roof is trying to force the building apart. This is counteracted by a belt reinforced with a steel bar.

Functional purpose

The reinforced frame performs a number of important tasks:

preservation of the contour and prevention of wall deformation during soil shrinkage and earthquakes;
alignment of the erected structure in the horizontal plane and elimination of errors made during laying;
ensuring the rigidity of the building under construction;
distribution of local or point forces along the supporting plane of bearing surfaces;
fixing a closed line, which is the basis for fixing the roof.

Regardless of your plans for placing an attic above the first floor of the house, the next floor or roof, remember that you need to take care of strengthening the structure!

Features of preparatory activities

A serious requirement in the construction of a belt reinforced with steel bars is the observance of dimensions.

Rina should correspond as much as possible to the thickness of the walls, representing a square section design with a side size of at least 250 millimeters. If the construction of the building is carried out from aerated concrete, then the laying of the final row is carried out with special blocks of a U-shaped configuration. This chain is a formwork for filling concrete mortar. In a situation where the construction of a house is made of bricks, the outer contour is formed by installing bricks at half the thickness, and the inner one is made of boards.

When constructing a frame, pay attention to its continuity around the entire perimeter of the object. The general roofing system of the house provides for special elements: beds or skate racks resting on other walls of the building that are not capital. In this situation, a reinforcement frame should also be built on them. Check the horizontality of the upper edge with a water level.

The sequence of preparatory operations

For an armored belt with your own hands, you can complete all the stages of work, if you carefully study technological process and get everything you need in a timely manner. Installation steps include:

Preparing for installation. How to make formwork durable? What materials are needed? To arrange the frame, use the usual wooden planks having a thickness of at least 40 millimeters. The width of the boards should be about 200 millimeters. With the help of special guide elements, it is necessary to fasten the formwork with nails to ensure rigidity. The length of the nails up to 120 millimeters allows you to securely fix the formwork for the armored belt. Carefully bend the protruding parts of the nails. For the reliability of the structure, the guides should be fixed to the capital elements of the building.

Ensuring immobility. The dimensions of the guide elements made of beams or boards must correspond to the thickness of the wall. Fixing the form is carried out to the boards with the help of nails. The formwork for the armored belt must be rigid, not diverge when pouring concrete.
Joint sealing. We block the end slots with a thick solution, which should not drain outward, remain inside the perimeter. You can also add mounting foam or a film for sealing cracks.

Reinforcement specifics

To install the reinforcing cage, corrugated bars with a diameter of more than 12 mm will be required, which are laid around the perimeter of the building. When laying reinforcement, its installation must be carried out from two sides: one row to inside walls of the building, and the other - to the outer. How to properly fix the reinforced frame? This requires welding, with which the entire frame is thoroughly welded. This applies to all metal parts and joints. The corners of the belt that protrude should be bent around the entire perimeter.

After reinforcement, the building will be surrounded by two solid steel rings. Partitions of the building, which do not carry the power load of the floor, reinforce traditional way. Above the reinforcement, be sure to install a wire mesh with a diameter of 8 mm with square or rectangular cells. Fastening to the mesh reinforcement is carried out using a knitting wire. When fixing along the perimeter of the grid construction, gaps are not allowed. Provide minimum size vertically reinforced contour - 20 centimeters. The load-bearing frame elements are overlapped. This will ensure the solidity of the belt after concreting.

Concrete preparation

It is possible to use a mortar used when laying bricks, based on a sand-gravel mixture. For this, river sand, large fractions of gravel, as well as a small amount of crushed stone are used. For traditional grade 400 cement, mix one part of cement with four parts of a mixture of sand and gravel. The level of the poured solution is controlled by a pre-tensioned building thread.

Pouring with concrete mortar

You can ensure the required strength by observing the following recommendations:

the formwork for the armored belt is concreted in one step according to the technology;
perform work continuously;
it is desirable to supply the solution with a concrete pump directly into a wooden form;
pour concrete until it covers the reinforcement to a depth of 5 cm;
it is preferable to use concrete with a grade of at least M 200;
air cavities are unacceptable, which adversely affect strength. To eliminate, use special vibrators;
the use of plasticizers improves the fluidity of the mixture, reduces the concentration of water, which reduces the hardening time of concrete;
for 3 weeks, the concrete mass must stand;
in the hot period, abundantly moisten the surface with water to prevent cracks and the strength of the hardened mortar.

Final operations

The formwork frame should be dismantled a week after the concrete has set. By this time, it will reach strength characteristics. After curing concrete screed immediately proceed to laying slabs for future flooring or roof installation. Be sure to use roll waterproofing materials before installing the roof or installing floor slabs. In places where the roof system is attached, if necessary, holes for anchors are made.

Not worth saving on building materials. If the reinforced belt is cast in accordance with technological requirements, then the durability of the building operation and the strength of the structure are guaranteed. Armopoyas under the roof, following these recommendations, is easy to do! You can do it yourself!

Originally posted 2016-11-03 10:26:32.

pobetony.ru

The main types of unloading belts

Depending on the location of the armored belt, it can have different names and take on certain functions:

Rostverk - is laid between the columnar or pile foundation of the house and the walls. However, it is not built of brick - too important a site.
The basement is already the second level of unloading and reinforcement, which is used in the construction of houses on a foundation of concrete blocks. It provides the base with greater rigidity on moving soils and is also made of reinforced concrete. Although a fairly common option is brickwork, which acts as a fixed formwork for subsequent pouring.
Unloading is an intermediate armored belt for floor slabs, which not only takes on their weight, but also ensures the rigidity of the building above one floor at each level. When building from lightweight concrete blocks, you can’t do without it, and here the best way is a brick.
Mauerlat support - required element houses made of aerated concrete or other porous blocks that do not perceive well point and multidirectional loads. In addition, the fastening of the timber itself with the help of studs in such walls turns out to be unreliable even when chemical engineering is used. Here, the reinforced belt for walls made of aerated concrete turns into a kind of bundle between the blocks with which it is connected with mortar and the roof truss, reinforced through a Mauerlat beam.

Features of laying on aerated concrete

As a rule, a brick belt is made 4-7 rows high and the width of the wall being reinforced. Reinforcement must be performed in each horizontal seam using steel mesh with a cell of 3-4 cm or hard wire with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the case of ordinary brick walls:

with a seam offset of 1/3 of the length;
with tychkovy dressing in every third row.

If the armored belt for aerated concrete made of brick serves as a support for the Mauerlat, vertical pins can be immured into the masonry - metal threaded studs with a diameter of 12-16 mm. They are installed in increments of 1-1.5 m, and the depth of their embedding will depend on the thickness of the beam - it should be twice as long as the free end for mounting the Mauerlat. However, many builders advise immediately immuring trimmings to the entire height of the armored belt.

After the mortar has set, a roofing material or two layers of roofing felts are spread on the surface of the masonry. This is a waterproofing that will protect the beam itself and the brick superstructure from the accumulation of condensing moisture. Further, the mauerlat is planned and drilled at the right points, strung on the stud outlets and fixed on the reinforcement belt with nuts for wide washers.

Since ceramics has a higher thermal conductivity than the main wall material, it turns into a kind of cold bridge (although monolithic reinforced concrete in this case performs even worse). So that during the further operation of the building in the winter there are no problems, you can try to “close” the contour of the cellular blocks in parallel with the laying of bricks. To do this, a thin partition from the GB is removed from the side of the premises, as if hiding the armored belt inside the aerated concrete wall. If a gap has formed between the surfaces, experts recommend additional thermal insulation.

Stages of erecting a belt under the ceiling

If a rigid contour under the roof plays the role of unloading and reliable support for a Mauerlat beam, it is enough to lay it out around the perimeter of the box at home. However, the use of slabs for interfloor or attic floors will force the middle load-bearing wall to be closed with rows of bricks. Here, aerated concrete can also experience loads, so a rigid layer for its reinforcement is simply necessary.

No matter how light the floor slabs are, it is impossible to rest them directly on cellular or expanded clay concrete blocks. The masonry will be able to support their weight, but when the direction of the applied force changes, it will begin to collapse. The belt in this case serves as a kind of buffer, which distributes the pressure of the plate over the entire area of the walls, preventing punching load-bearing structure. It is possible to refuse a powerful layer of solid bricks only when the floor is made of wood - here they get by with a substrate for beams in one or two blocks.

Otherwise, the armored belt for hollow-core slabs is built according to all the rules. Main stages of work:

The first row is planted directly on aerated concrete using a solution. If the thickness of the main wall is standard (30 cm), the laying is done in two bricks, filling the gaps with "checks".
Installation of reinforcing mesh along the entire line of the belt.
Laying the second row in the same way, followed by reinforcement.
The third row of bricks is tychkovy. Here you need to focus on the inner plane of the wall. The gap remaining outside is filled either with quarters or pieces of mineral wool, if an insulated ventilated facade is being erected at the same time.

Under the upper row of aerated concrete, on which the belt is placed under the floor slabs, reinforcement must be laid in the strobes. This will add rigidity to the entire structure and provide the walls with additional protection against cracks. Otherwise, once they appear, they will crawl lower.

According to the above scheme, the armored belt is laid out to the entire required height, after which floor slabs can be fearlessly mounted on it. Anchoring is carried out in the standard way for brick walls - using L-shaped metal brackets. Fasteners for protection against corrosion are closed with a layer of cement mortar.

stroitel-list.ru

A monolithic belt is a reinforced reinforced concrete beam, which is done mainly under the ceiling in masonry walls.

At first glance, the purpose of such a belt is not clear: after all, it is possible to lean the ceiling directly onto the masonry and not arrange any belts. As they say, "cheap and cheerful." Let's analyze the reasons for the construction of a monolithic belt.

1. If the masonry material of the walls does not bear the load from the ceiling. V brick wall from a solid brick, for example, a monolithic belt is not needed, but in a cinder block wall, when supporting the ceiling of a large span, such a belt is necessary.

In the place where the slab is supported, a significant load is concentrated (from the ceiling, floors, people and furniture), and all of it does not fall evenly on the wall, but increases towards the slab support. Some masonry materials(cinder block, foam and aerated concrete, shell rock, etc.) do not work well for the impact of such a concentrated load, and may simply begin to collapse. This type of destruction is called collapse. A special masonry calculation can be performed to determine if a distribution monolithic belt is needed. But in some cases (when using cinder block, foam concrete), a monolithic belt must be made for design reasons, due to experience in building from these materials.

2. If the building is being built on weak soils (for example, subsiding). Such soils tend to deform significantly after some time, during soaking or other adverse factors - to shrink under the weight of the building. At the same time, part of the house can sag, as a result, cracks form in the walls and foundation. One of the measures that protect against the adverse effects of subsidence is the installation of a continuous monolithic belt under the floors. It serves as a screed for the house and, with little rainfall, can prevent the formation of cracks. If you are going to build a house, first of all inspect the houses on the neighboring plots (preferably those that were built a long time ago). If there are sloping cracks in the walls going up from the ground, down from the roof, or up from the corners of the windows, then this is the first sign that a monolithic belt will not be superfluous in your house.

3. If a house is being built in a seismic region (in Ukraine it is Crimea), the installation of monolithic belts is mandatory.

4. In high-rise buildings also, according to the norms, the device of monolithic belts is required.

How to make a monolithic belt - see topic « prefabricated ceiling or monolith" .

What you should pay attention to

It is impossible to fasten a beam (Mauerlat) directly to aerated concrete on studs. If this is done, then over time, under the influence of wind load, the fasteners will loosen. In addition, for example, when the device attic floor with wooden floors, the armored belt will redistribute the point load from the beam to the entire wall.

An illustrative example is a forum member with the nickname mad-max. He did not have time to pour an armored belt under the Mauerlat, and the house went into "winter". Already during the cold arched openings under the windows in the house cracked exactly in the middle. At first, the cracks were small - about 1-2 mm, but gradually they began to increase and opened up to 4-5 mm. As a result, in the spring, a member of the forum filled in an armored belt 40x25 cm, in which, before pouring concrete, he installed anchors under the Mauerlat. This solved the problem with growing cracks.

I would like to add to this that the foundation for my house is tape - monolithic, the soil is stony, there were no movements in the foundation before I started building the house. I believe that the reason for the appearance of cracks was the lack of an armored belt under the Mauerlat.
So, an aerated concrete house, and even more so an aerated concrete house with two floors, needs an armored belt. When making it, remember this rule:

The main condition for the correct "work" of the armored belt is its continuity, continuity and looping around the entire perimeter of the walls.

There are several options for the armo-belt device in aerated concrete house. The manufacture of the armored belt begins with the calculation of its cross section and the choice of the type of formwork - removable or fixed, as well as the "pie" of the entire structure.

From personal experience

I am building a 375 mm thick aerated concrete house with a brick cladding and a 35 mm ventilated gap. I do not want to use special factory-made U-blocks for filling the armored belt. I saw the following diagram on our forum - on wall block installs a partition block 10 cm thick, then comes a heater (for example, EPPS), and a removable formwork is mounted from inside the house. I also saw an option when the insulation is pressed close to the brickwork. With this scheme, an armored belt of greater width is obtained. Where should I stop?

I built a house from aerated concrete 40 cm thick. In my opinion, a ventilated gap between the wall and the cladding of 35 mm is not enough, it is optimal to leave a gap of 50 mm. As for the “pie” of the armored belt, then, if you look from the inside out, it was as follows:

removable formwork;
concrete 200 mm;
EPS 50 mm;
partition block 150 mm.

The forum member recommends making formwork from sheet material. It can be plywood, OSB, DSP, etc., with mandatory reinforcement along the upper edge with an inch board. The formwork can be fastened by screwing it with self-tapping screws 75 mm long, directly into the aerated concrete block. From above, the formwork is additionally fixed with a board (bar) or perforated tape, which is screwed to the outdoor unit.

In addition, the ventilated gap must not be blocked, otherwise it makes no sense. Because water vapor rushing out of the heated room will not be able to evaporate and will be “locked” inside - between the brickwork and the aerated concrete wall. Therefore, it is not recommended to build a house for permanent residence from aerated concrete with a vapor-tight (or low vapor-permeable) cladding, with non-ventilated air gap or with brickwork located close to the wall.

Also, when constructing an armored belt, one should not be guided by the rule: the wider it is, the better. Often this leads to unjustified cost overruns of materials and funds. The cross section of the armored belt should not be chosen by eye, but guided by the calculation.

I once asked a person who is well versed in construction about the section of the armored belt. He answered me that in many cases it is enough to fill in an armored belt 10 cm wide and 15 cm high.
These figures do not cancel the preliminary calculation of the section of the armored belt, because it is made for a specific task.
According to members of the forum, because. the armo-belt is necessary only for tying all the walls, then it is impractical to make it the thickness of the entire wall. Therefore, the "pie" of the formwork (with a block thickness of 375 mm) can be as follows:

Outside, we put a block with a thickness of 150 mm.
We insulate the armored belt to cut off the bridge of cold. Instead of 50 mm thick polystyrene foam, you can use mineral wool high density, which is used in the "wet facade" technology.
We put the reinforcement cage.
Inside, as a fixed formwork, we use a 50 mm block, sawn from a whole block. The remaining space is filled with concrete.

The advantages of this type of formwork include the speed of its installation, because. to install (on glue) a block with a thickness of 50 mm many times faster than to mount a removable formwork. In addition, we get a flat and smooth surface from the inside, already ready for finishing.

Experience shows that a block thickness of 50 mm (set on glue) is enough to withstand the load when pouring concrete, even if the mixture is poured from a concrete pump. To reinforce the structure, it is possible to screw a coupler from a 25x50 mm bar on top of the partition, thus connecting the indoor and outdoor units.

Another option fixed formwork may be the method proposed by Dimastik25. To cut less from a whole block, you need to buy a pallet of blocks of three sizes:

Next, lay the blocks in the following order

Outside, we glue a block 150 mm wide.
We put a block sawn off up to 170 mm.
Inside the formwork we glue a block 50 mm thick.
We put a heater 50 mm thick.
Inside the box we lay 4 bars of reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm. We tie it every 30 cm.
I have a house of 11x12 meters, it took 1.5 m3 of concrete to fill the armored belt. Moreover, to save money (workers from a neighboring construction site agreed to drag concrete for 5,000 rubles), they filled everything with buckets, because. renting a concrete pump would cost 15,000 rubles.

You can also make a classic wooden formwork

I filled in the armored belt and made wooden shields for this. The formwork (on both sides) was screwed directly to the aerated concrete with long 135 mm self-tapping screws. From the side outer wall, inside, laid extruded polystyrene foam. The top of the formwork panels was fastened with bars.

As for the reinforcement (tape with a section of 100x150mm), the following scheme can be recommended as a guideline. Above and below we put 2 rods with a diameter of 12 mm. For clamps, we take reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm. When knitting the frame, it is important to provide a protective layer of concrete. To do this, we leave a free space of at least 2.5 cm between the formwork wall and the reinforcement, as well as above and below.

Summarizing

When pouring an armored belt, the following formwork schemes are most often used:

"Pie" outside - inside.

Board ( removable shield formwork), for example - 150x25 mm, insulation 50 mm thick, reinforcing cage, board (removable formwork shield) - 150x25.
Aerated concrete block 100-150 mm thick, insulation 50 mm thick, reinforcing cage, aerated concrete block (fixed formwork) 50 mm thick.
Aerated concrete block 100-150 mm thick, insulation 50 mm thick, reinforcing cage, board - 150x25.

If the tape of the armored belt is poured without insulation, then later (if it is not planned to make a “wet facade” on polystyrene foam), concrete will have to be insulated from the outside. This can (due to the insulation protruding above the wall surface) complicate the finish.

Based on the above schemes, you can come up with your own "pies" formwork. At the same time, it should be remembered that when laying concrete floor slabs, it is required to mount two armored belts:

Strapping. It is poured at the level of floor slabs.
Reference. The floor slab rests directly on it.
It is also necessary to take into account one nuance.

The floor slab must rest on the aerated concrete block (eg U-block or fixed formwork block) only through a damper. As an "elastic" gasket, you can use a strip of hydroisol 50 mm wide and 3-4 mm thick. At the same time, the depth of support on the armored belt of a conventional PC plate is at least 120 mm, the recommended one is 150 mm. And when using prestressed extruded hollow core slabs, it is enough to maintain a support depth of 7-8 cm.

A source: forumhouse.ru

Video

Arrangement of an armored belt on an aerated concrete wall. Types, tips on how to make it, taking into account the type of foundation and assortment wall material. The purpose and nature of the interaction of this structural element with a wall of gas blocks.

One of the advantages of aerated concrete wall blocks is the large size of the element, which turns into masonry vulnerability to uneven foundation settlements. In this case, not only the opening of the vertical seam can occur, but also the destruction of the blocks lying above, since aerated concrete resists bending and tensile loads very poorly.

Why do you need a reinforced belt

This element of strengthening the wall array takes on the loads arising from uneven settlement of the foundation of the building. If masonry is made of piece blocks interconnected by thin adhesive seams, then the reinforced belt is made of monolithic concretereinforced with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement.

Concrete has a very high compressive strength and rebar performs well in tension. Reinforced concrete is able to withstand enormous bending loads without deformations exceeding the norm. The wall located above the armored belt experiences loads corresponding to slight deformations of the belt, which do not lead to cracks and destruction.

How to do it on lightweight concrete blocks

The device of a belt reinforced with reinforcement on the walls, in which a piece of stone is bound by a thick layer of mortar, is quite obvious. But aerated concrete wall is placed on a thin adhesive layer, into which it is impossible to drown thick reinforcement. Therefore, the reinforced belt is made in the form of a separate structural element, constituting monolithic section block walls.
There is a problem with a significant difference in the heat transfer gradient between the concrete and the gas block, due to which the monolithic belt will become not just a bridge, but a gate of cold.

An important part of the armored belt on aerated concrete is the heat-insulating strapping along outside, resulting in a decrease in the element's width. Gas block manufacturers offer box profile elements designed specifically for this purpose, although traditional heat-insulating materials can be dispensed with, for example:

sheet expanded polystyrene;
polyurethane foam;
hard basalt or stone wool.

The minimum thickness of the insulation should be ten centimeters, with the lowest thermal conductivity. Thus, the width of the belt will be equal to the thickness of the wall minus the insulation.

Where is continuous reinforcement of aerated concrete walls made

The most critical sections of the wall in the dimensions of one floor are the first row of blocks and the last, on which the elements of the floor or roof are laid. Aerated concrete wall must have at least two reinforced belts, if a decision is made to install them, as well as lighter structural reinforcement of the walls. The height of the section of the belt is taken depending on its design and soil conditions.

Using standard box-shaped elements, the height of the belt will be equal to their depth, in other cases it must be taken into account that the greater the height of the element section, the greater the bending loads it perceives without deformation. For example, the lower armo-belt on aerated concrete on a strip prefabricated foundation can be made higher, twenty to thirty centimeters, and the upper belt, which mainly distributes loads from floor or roof elements, can have minimum thickness sufficient for laying one layer of reinforcement.

If a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, a shallow foundation with upper and lower reinforcement, a reinforced concrete grillage of piles or a monolithic tape with a reinforcing cage in the upper section is taken as the base for the aerated concrete box, then there is no need to arrange a lower belt of wall reinforcement. It is enough to reinforce the upper cut under the ceiling of the floor.

The device of a monolithic concrete beam that is not a solid contour, for example, in the middle section of a wall broken by window and doorways also doesn't make sense. In these places, it is necessary to carry out constructive reinforcement of the masonry with the help of mesh, special frames for laying in a thin layer of mortar or recessing the reinforcement into the cut grooves of gas blocks. Such reinforcement does not create a continuous belt, but significantly increases the resistance of the masonry to local loads and local deformations.

Armo-belt device on aerated concrete

The design is made of concrete grade M-200 and higher and reinforcing bars of a periodic profile, with a diameter of 12 millimeters. A frame is assembled from them, connected by transverse reinforcement with a diameter of 4–6 millimeters. The frame consists of an upper and lower row of rods with a height gap of 10-15 centimeters. They are placed in the same plane with a step in the transverse direction of about ten centimeters. The rods are overlapped along the length with a knitting wire with an overlap of about fifteen centimeters, and they are also fastened with the elements of transverse reinforcement.

The belt can also be made from a single layer of reinforcement, without assembling a spatial frame, but only by connecting the longitudinal reinforcement rods with the transverse ones. In places where the wall contour turns and breaks, the rods overlap and are connected at the intersection points.

The frame is placed in the formwork or the cavity of the box block. In this case, it is necessary to provide a gap between the outer edge of any reinforcing element and the inner edge of the cavity or formwork. It should be at least three to five centimeters to create a protective layer of concrete that prevents corrosion of the reinforcement. To facilitate this task, special plastic elements in the form of support tables and stars will help to fix the rods at the required distance from the formwork. They can be purchased from all suppliers who sell concrete materials.

Having installed a reinforcing cage in the formwork, and, if necessary, a heat-insulating facade layer, it is filled with concrete, carefully tamping. The use of a vibrator head is limited by the insignificant depth of the armored belt on aerated concrete. The required embedded parts can be installed in it, for example, for attaching a Mauerlat or a roof. The surface of the laid material is leveled with a rule and a trowel.

After gaining the initial strength of concrete within two to three days, you can continue the cycle of work that has begun. After about a week, the formwork can be removed. In the heat, concrete is spilled with water several times and protected with polyethylene, in case of frost - it is covered from freezing.

In a similar way, monolithic lintels are made over window and door openings, with the only difference being that instead of the underlying layer of masonry, the bottom of the formwork is used, which is fixed in the design position.

Its dimensions are determined by the length and width of the wall. For single-layer masonry 30 cm optimum thickness armored belt for aerated concrete is 25 cm. It is recommended to increase the thermal conductivity of the house and, as an additional protection from the cold, lay insulation on top of it and lay out another layer of masonry.

In order to strengthen the structure, the height of the armored belt is equalized with its thickness. Equilateral elements exhibit greater wear resistance than rectangular ones. The tape design, following the contours of the walls around the perimeter, makes the building more reliable and resistant to atmospheric and mechanical stress. This applies to both a one-story house and a multi-story building.

There are several types of belts:

grillage- the top of the pile foundation;
armored belt on aerated concrete that serves as the boundary between the foundation and the wall (basement);
seismic belt connecting the floors of the house along the upper wall row;

for unloading the roof

Each of them has its own specifics for carrying out construction work in accordance with the instructions.

What functions does

Armopoyas in the construction industry is used to increase the resistance of the load-bearing walls of the house to external and internal influences. It promotes connection separate parts buildings into a solid structure, performing the following functions:

The armored belt on aerated concrete satisfies the building's need for a supporting structure. It allows the material to safely endure a point load of a different nature, which prevents cracking, destruction of individual block elements and maintains the strength of the walls.

Formwork belt made on aerated concrete, contributes forming a smooth surface belt thanks to him uniform distribution. Its versatility contributes to high-quality results and effective implementation construction works.

Pros and cons of application

Belt installation technology has certain advantages and disadvantages. First of all, the quality of the material and the service life are taken into account.

The advantages that the armored belt on aerated concrete has:

low cost price;
ease of installation;
frost resistance, fire resistance;
stable resistance to deformation;
uniform load distribution on the design of the house;
long service life.

The construction of a building where aerated concrete is used as the main material will cost three times cheaper than the construction of brick house. Aerated concrete blocks light, resistant to climatic conditions and have good frost resistance due to its greater thickness than brick. The useful life of housing will be at least one hundred years.

Flaws:

the need for additional waterproofing of the surface to prevent its deconsolidation and destruction;
waterproofing costs and thermal insulation.

Despite additional expenses, can't do without an armored belt. Against the background of the advantages of its installation, the cons do not look so significant.

Step-by-step instruction

The armored belt on aerated concrete does not require a special device technology. It consists of several consecutive operations:

installation reinforcing cage;
assembly and installation of formwork;
pouring concrete.

Only the area where the belt is located can affect the features of work, but in general, the installation manual has a standard look.

Formwork manufacturing

When you can’t do without an armored belt, the process of assembling and installing a frame under it from boards and their trimmings begins. This way is pretty simple:

This design is able to withstand the mass of concrete during its pouring and not suffer. If the frame is needed under the floor beams, then it is mounted along the outer surface of the walls, and the height is equal to 20-40 cm. In order to be able to carefully mask the insulation if it is necessary to use it, you can move the formwork deep into the walls. It is convenient to fill the formed niche with heat-insulating material.

Hello! The foundation is not buried. Partly - self-construction, but the way of construction was determined by a person who has been engaged in foundations for more than 50 years, a professor at our University, an honored builder of the Republic of Karelia (and so on. regalia).
With normal soil, crushed stone of a large fraction was brought, in a very large amount, backfilled with a height of about 50-70 cm above the ground level, and in area protruding beyond the perimeter of the future foundation for a couple of meters on each side. Aligned. Then a large construction vibratory roller was found (it worked half a kilometer at the facility), which drove this rubble for a couple of hours. To be honest, only the first "passages" of the vibratory roller apparently squandered rubble to the eye. After that, to level the level of the horizon, a thin layer on top of the rubble is sand. Further, waterproofing on the top, formwork and reinforcement. I knitted armature for the first time, myself. 14th reinforcement, along the perimeter and in the area of \u200b\u200bbearing walls (under the wall and a meter to the right and left) every 10 centimeters, the rest - 15 cm. Two planes at a distance of 30 centimeters from each other. It was recommended to knit reinforcement less often, and a thickness of 30 centimeters is enough. It took 5 tons of reinforcement for a foundation 12 by 12 meters, and at 42 cm thickness - 66 cubes of concrete grade 250. I understand that it is possible that I relaid the foundation a little, but that year I was looking for people for foundation work. They asked for work from 200 thousand rubles. and higher. I decided that it would be better to invest this money in the foundation than in improving the well-being of other people. For two weeks of vacation, slowly, with the help of my father, they tied the armature. I was sure in every node. They poured it in 5 hours with imported concrete using a concrete pump at the base of the Isuzu car. I plan to start laying the walls as soon as the snow melts, the brick is already on the site. I will reinforce the walls to the conscience. Now I'm looking for normal masons. It hurts too much requests they have now. They ask for rough masonry for 2800 rubles. per cube, and even additional payments for each movement of the hand and turn of the head.
They are pressed under the plates to make an armored belt 5 cm thick, with two thin reinforcements inside. It is clear that this, like an armored belt, is of little use. Just a leveling screed. The screed is understandable to do and so it will have to be done, but is it worth bothering with a full-fledged armo-belt 30-40 centimeters thick and the corresponding reinforcement - THIS IS THE QUESTION! I would be grateful for any constructive advice. The fact is that for aerated concrete - and there would be no questions, I would do it unambiguously. And with a brick - it is not clear yet. It seems that brick, as a material for load-bearing walls in private housing construction, has generally gone out of fashion. All are built exclusively from aerated concrete.