Do-it-yourself flexible tile installation technology, video. Do-it-yourself soft tile roof Laying flexible tiles prima

Installation shingles consists of several basic rules, which will be described in this section.

Roofing materials

Required materials for roofing:

lining carpet;
ordinary tile;
metal strips;
bituminous glue;
valley carpet;
ridge-cornice tiles;
roofing nails;
terminal seals;
screws.

Instructions for laying shingles

The roof is the protection of the building from water, wind and snow, so you should remember that the roof should be as tight as possible.

Before mounting soft tiles, a standard continuous crate roofs. Moisture-resistant sheets of plywood or OSB are laid on top of the rafters as tightly as possible, in a continuous layer and evenly, which are fixed with nails. The base for the installation of tiles can be made in two ways:

either a cut board is taken to work;
or moisture resistant OSB boards or plywood.

The joints between the elements and the gap between the plates or boards should be no more than 4 mm and the difference in height cannot be more than 2 mm, and the material itself is chosen clean and dry.

Required Tools

Tools that may be needed when installing the roof:

hammer conventional or pneumatic;
putty knife;
roofing knife;
metal scissors;
roulette.

Lathing installation

This is a very important part of roofing work, as it guarantees a durable and perfect appearance after laying the plastic material.

How to lay slabs or boards in a crate? Work begins from the bottom up, and the material is laid first in a continuous strip at the lower edge of the roof, and then row by row to the ridge, while maintaining allowable gaps.

On this basis, work with flexible tiles becomes safe, and under the conclusions exhaust systems holes are made and exhaust elements are sealed.

Underlayment carpet laying

How to cover the roof with lining carpet? The lining carpet is used as additional protection against moisture. In addition, under this material, the building can overwinter if weather conditions do not allow covering the roof with flexible tiles.

Laying underlayment is necessary condition for high-quality installation and tightness of the roof, it can be mounted both horizontally and vertically, with an overlap of 10 cm of sheets on each other.

In the case of horizontal laying, it is worth starting it from the bottom up, overlapping, gluing the edges of each strip of the canvas with bituminous glue.

How to lay underlayment? Installation nuances.

Before you start rolling out the lining carpet, it is worth covering the valleys with it and smearing the edges with bituminous glue.
Only after covering and fixing the canvas at the valley, it is worth starting laying on a flat surface, cutting off the edges of the canvases and carefully gluing them along the width of the overlap.

After laying, after finishing work with the lining carpet, the roof has the following structure in the section:

rafters;
solid crate;
lining carpet.

Laying eaves

Cornice strips are laid over the underlayment carpet

How to lay cornice strips correctly?

The eaves and ends of the roof are reinforced with cornice strips. This is done so that the material does not deform due to the influence of temperature.
Planks are pre-cut and overlapped 5 cm, then nailed or screwed.
At the junction, the planks are also fixed with two nails for a more rigid edge of the structure.

Flexible tile laying technology

Before starting work on laying tiles, it is necessary to cover all the valleys with a carpet similar in color to the main color of the shingles. Roofing material must be cut close to the edge of the cornice and glue the edges well.

Cornice tiles are laid on the eaves in an even strip at a distance of 10-20 mm from the edge. It is not necessary to nail this strip because there is a self-adhesive layer on the tape. In cold weather, you can slightly warm the bands building hair dryer to restore the viscosity of the adhesive base.

How to lay flexible tiles correctly? Installation of tiles starts from the edge of the roof slope, on top of the cornice tiles.

In order for the first line of tiles to lie perfectly even, you can drive a small nail into the ends of the roof and pull the construction thread, thereby maintaining the same distance from the edge along the entire length of the roof, or draw a straight line with chalk for convenience.

It is recommended to print several packs of ordinary tiles, mix the sheets with each other and nail the ordinary tiles with roofing nails, first removing protective film, at a distance of 1-2 cm from the edge of the cornice tiles, above the cutout of the pattern. The protrusions of the next row should overlap the cutouts of the previous row. Cornice tiles are cut into skates and overlapped so that the nails are hidden under the next sheet.

The sequence of laying shingles:

solid crate;
lining carpet;
cornice strips;
eaves tiles
ordinary flexible tile;
skate.

As you can see, knowing the basic rules for laying flexible tiles, it is not difficult to do the installation yourself.

Flexible tile laying. Video

Installation of flexible tiles. Video

$ Installation of flexible tiles. Price

The price of installation of flexible tiles depends on how complete the preliminary work on laying the sheathing, insulating layers, etc. has been carried out. The average installation cost is:

from 60 to 100 hryvnias in Ukraine;
from 400 to 700 rubles in Russia.

Houses covered with flexible tiles look like fairy tales. It is difficult to imagine a roof more beautiful than tiled soft tiles. For clarity, we note that it is also called bituminous, and soft roofing.

Flexible tile in the form of shingles or tiles is a roofing material that looks like honeycombs or rectangles.

There are honeycomb, square and rectangular shapes with and without a shadow. The shadows on them can be slender and messy. There are options that allow you to create a pattern with a 3D effect on the roof.

By color they distinguish: brick-red, green, blue, light blue, coal-gray tiles.

Besides beautiful material in the form of tiles or shingles, there are materials in the form of rolls, called roll shingles.

The structure of soft tile tiles

A separate element consists of 5 layers, each of which has important functions:

At the base of the tile is fiberglass or a reinforcing base, it increases mechanical strength rupture material.
Next comes protective layer from exposure to moisture and water. It is made from SBS (modified) or rubber bitumen. This layer makes the material elastic. Thanks to this layer, flexible tiles got their name. It is resistant to temperature changes.
Mineral dressing on rubber bitumens makes tiles resistant to UV rays. It gives a shade to the coating, thanks to which it fits into the surrounding landscape, it does not slip, which is important for builders working at height.
The self-adhesive layer, located under the layer of modified bitumen, serves to fix individual part to the crate and to another of the same kind. It consists of a layer of bituminous mass, which in itself serves as a waterproofing layer.
Under it is a silicone film, which is removed immediately before gluing.

Some types of tiles provide two types of fastening: glue and bitumen.

Main technical characteristics of flexible (bituminous) tiles

If you decide to cover your roof with flexible tiles, then for the design of the valley you can purchase not ordinary, but ridge-cornice tiles or tiles for the valley and lining. The last two are sold in voluminous rolls, they allow you to make the roof not subject to getting wet, completely protected from atmospheric phenomena.

Otherwise, the technical characteristics, regardless of the types, are approximately the same for each type. Its softening temperature is +113°C, for underlayment 100°C. Flexibility on the beam - -15°C at R=15 mm. The basis of the valley carpet is polyester, the rest is fiberglass.

Compared to metal tiles, flexible tiles have the same indicators of reliability and strength, and are easy to install. However, the flexible version is much superior to the metal one in terms of noise and sound insulation qualities, it is not subject to corrosion and has poor electrical conductivity.

Among the shortcomings can be called the combustibility of flexible tiles and its high cost

The principle of choosing a roofing material is that the greater the angle of the roof relative to the landscape, the more flexible the coating.

What should be the roof of a private house for laying shingles?

In order for the tile to lay correctly, it is necessary to achieve a dry, smooth and clean base, which must be made of moisture-resistant material: plywood, edged, tongue-and-groove boards, OSB, reinforced concrete slabs etc. The gap between them is 3-4 mm, the difference in height should not exceed 2 mm. The size of plywood or other material should be determined by design calculations with a point load - 1.0 kN, snow load - 1.8 kN / sq. m.

The structure of the roof of a private house as the basis for soft tiles:

The roof is supported by rafters, on which the inner lathing is located, which serves as a support for steam and heat insulation.
The vapor barrier material protects the insulation from moisture coming from inside the room.
To reduce heat loss and protect and remove moisture, a superdiffusion membrane is used, on which a counter-lattice with ventilation gaps and an OSB sheathing is mounted.
OSB is a popular material used as a roofing base on which flexible roofing and underlayments are laid.
Next, lay the lining carpet, valley, providing additional waterproofing.

As a basis for soft tiles, there can be a hard flooring covered with roofing material. It is mounted from wood tiles or grooved boards.

It should be noted that the arrangement of the lining material for a flat roof and a roof with steep slopes will be different.

Soft tile lining

In the device of a sloping roof, the presence of special hydro- and thermal insulation materials. They prevent the formation of condensate, help evaporation and do not let precipitation through.

Layers of lining material are laid over the entire surface area from the bottom up with an overlap of 10 cm. Along the front line of the cornices, the material is fixed with nails, retreating from each other by 20 cm.

A roof with steep slopes, the angle of which is more than 20 degrees, can not be laid with lining material. It is enough to lay an insulating coating on the ridge, fix the canvases to the cornice overhang and the end part.

In any case, the lining material is laid:

chimneys;
attic windows;
zones of docking of a horizontal plane with vertical walls.

The heat-insulating layer must be at least 14-15 cm, vapor barrier - a film of 0.5 g / m2 / 24. Copper wire stretched between the rafters, mineral wool keep from slipping.

Possible ways of installing a roof with soft tiles

There are three ways of laying soft tiles:

Bituminous tiles in the form of a roll are mounted by fusing. For this special gas burner warm up the canvas from the back side. When in contact with the surface, the material is sintered with the lining layer.
The polymer element is glued, preheated with a hot air jet. Reliability of fixing is provided by ballast or telescopic fasteners. A layer of mastic is applied after or sprayed.
Piece shingles are fixed with nails with wide caps or self-tapping screws. Strength must be provided by the adhesive backing in addition to the sintering of the elements heated under the sun.

Let's look at each of these methods in more detail.

Installation of roll tiles

Used to cover buildings concrete floors: multi-storey buildings, garages, brick and concrete buildings.

Before laying, the surface is cleaned from the old layer. Check for blisters and bubbles at the base. If necessary, irregularities are removed with cement milk. The holes are filled with mortar.

To apply roll bituminous tiles you will need:

gas (propane) burner with hose and cylinder;
poker;
reducer.

Works are carried out at a temperature of at least 5 ° C. The roll is laid so that backside adhered to the surface. A propane torch heats the canvas and the base to the state of reflow upper layers. The poker roll is pushed towards itself. As a result, the base of the roof and the roll are soldered.

The junction of the roof with other surfaces must be covered with two layers of bituminous tiles.

When applied, the rolled web overlaps one another by about 10 cm. At the end of the roll, the edges overlap each other by 15 cm. At the joints, the leaked molten bitumen should remain in a more or less uniform strip.

The edges along the edge of the roof are fixed with nails in increments of 20.0 cm.

For this type of coating, roofs with a slope of no more than 11.3 ° C are suitable.

Installation of flexible polymer tiles

Polymer flexible tiles are similar to plastic, used on complex roofs. These polymer products are sold in sets of shingles of various configurations. V ready-made the roof is similar to slate, made in the form of waves different forms and flowers.

The tile is very convenient for installation. WITH reverse side it is covered with a film that can be easily peeled off. Under it is an adhesive and bituminous layer. Glue fastens parts with a flat roof surface, bituminous strips melt when heated and also provide a reliable grip.

The polymer material is not inferior to the metal tile in terms of technical characteristics. If the surface is dirty, it is easy to restore its former appearance with the help of water.

Installation of tiled flexible (soft) tiles

To install a flexible part, you do not need to have any special skills, as required by working with metal. It is enough to follow the manufacturer's recommendations. Basically, all the work comes down to the following.

Before laying shingles, a drainage system is installed. The edges of the roof are trimmed with a cornice strip. The gaps are protected by special strips from atmospheric phenomena, insects, dust penetration, etc.

After the roof is insulated and protected from moisture, it is covered with a lining carpet. The surface becomes perfectly flat, tiles of flexible tiles are attached to it with glue, and additionally strengthened with ruff nails on top.

Getting started requires special attention. Tiles are laid from the left corner of the bottom of the roof. To do this, take the starting strip for the eaves. In the first row, the tiles are installed without trimming. In the second, 14.3 cm are cut off on the left, in the third - 28.6 cm. These manipulations with the material are necessary for the correct masonry pattern. The fourth row is laid without cutting, then according to the drawing. Each part is additionally reinforced with fasteners.

To decorate the ridge, they acquire an adjustable angle with perforations necessary for air circulation under the roof.

Places of junction of soft tiles

Particular attention should be paid to the places where tiles come into contact with obstacles: pipes, ventilation, places on the valley.

Overlaps of one material on another during installation are smeared bituminous mastic.

There are special rubber seals for the design of passages small size. The junctions with the roof surface of the chimneys are isolated. To do this, a rail is nailed around the perimeter, a carpet is placed on top for insulation. The roofing material is brought to the surface located at an angle and glued.

The pipe is closed by 30.0 cm, the slope - by 20.0 cm. The edges are covered with a tin junction bar, the seams are tightly sealed.

The bar is fixed with conventional fasteners, for example, self-tapping screws.

The seams are closed with a silicone-based sealant that is not exposed to weather conditions.

They also make connections to the walls of buildings. The wall is finished with plaster and treated with a bituminous primer.

The place of the valley is covered with a special lining carpet or a metal valley, the center of which must coincide with the fold line of the roof (the center of the valley). From it measure 7.5 cm in each direction and draw a line with chalk or a construction pencil. Each shingle or row of shingles must be fitted to this line. The edges of the tiles are additionally reinforced with bituminous mastic along the markings so that the edges are glued to the surface.

The tile is cut 50 mm at an angle of 45 degrees and overlapped on the valley by 30.0 cm.

Cone-shaped soft tiled roof

Flexible or soft shingles are suitable for covering difficult construction surfaces such as a cone-shaped roof. This is made possible by the easy processing of flexible roofing material: it is easy to cut with a conventional paint knife.

Laying tiles is carried out as usual - from the bottom up. The base is covered with a solid lining, on which the tiles are laid. The height of each subsequent row should decrease so that by the middle of the roof it is ½ of the tile. The top half of the cone should first be covered with vertical stripes of backing material. Whole tile tiles are laid on it. Each detail, except for landing on glue, is fixed with self-tapping screws. After the end of the sticker, a metal tip is put on top of the cone-shaped roof.

In fact, flexible tiles, like other modern similar materials, are a kind of roofing material. At the same time, it, unlike the usual soft roof, also has an attractive appearance. This type of tile is made in the form of tiles, which are called shingles. From one edge they are even, from the other they have a figured cutout imitating a clay original. From the back, the tile is coated with an adhesive composition that allows you to securely fix it on a wooden base.

Flexible tile is convenient in that its laying is easily done by hand, even in the absence of skills and work experience. Each shingle is installed in individually. Additionally, they are fixed with self-tapping screws or special carnations. Over time, from the heat of the sun, all the tiles are soldered and turn into a single whole.

Laying technology

As practice shows, now it is flexible tiles that are the most demanded material for roofs. It can be easily overlaid with both a gazebo and a large cottage, regardless of the steepness of the slopes and the complexity of the design. The only exception is roofs with a slope of less than 11.3 degrees.

At present, products of many manufacturers are supplied to the Russian market. All of them, however, are not very different from each other. Therefore, the problem of choice is limited solely by the homeowner's own preferences.

It should be noted that for all types of flexible tiles there is only one installation method. You don't need to invent your own. The difference lies only in some minor nuances.

On the one hand, many believe that the flexibility of shingles is its main advantage, while many experts tend to see this as a significant drawback. In general, both of these points of view have the right to life - soft material is much easier and faster to lay, because it is enough to use a knife or a guillotine to fit. Nevertheless, the installation of flexible tiles requires a rigid solid base, for the construction of which the following materials are suitable:

OSB-plate of the third class of resistance (budget option);
moisture resistant plywood - FSF type;
tongue-and-groove or plain edged board (moisture content not more than 20 percent).

The plates must be laid in a run-up, avoiding the convergence of four corners at one point - this allows you to strengthen the structure. At the same time, the edges sheet material should fall on the bars of the counter-lattice.

There is no need to fit the plates tightly to each other, on the contrary, a narrow gap of up to 3 millimeters should be left between them. This will allow the entire structure to move freely when alternating temperature conditions and changes in humidity.

The roof is sheathed with boards parallel to the ground in rows. They are laid in a run in situations where one board is not enough for the entire length of the ramp. Their ends must be supported on a counter-lattice, secured with at least four nails. The gaps in this case should be slightly larger - up to 5 millimeters, since this type of lumber deforms much stronger than plywood when dried. Also, a damp board often warps if it is poorly fixed.

Ventilation is an important aspect of a proper roof

In addition to protecting the building from rain, care must also be taken to ensure that the moisture trapped under the roof escapes freely into the atmosphere. Otherwise, the condensate that collects inside the attic will remain there, and the entire structure will quickly become unusable. To prevent this, use special film- hydrobarrier. It allows steam to pass through, but it does not let water in in the opposite direction.

Also, the roof is supplied with special ventilation gaps, called air vents. They allow air to circulate freely under the roof from the bottom up. The channels are formed directly by the counter-lattice and the crate.

A gap is also needed between the roof and the insulation if an attic is being built in the attic. Air masses, passing through mineral wool, dry it.

Laying waterproofing

This is extremely important point, without which it is impossible to ensure a long service life of the roof as a whole. As a rule, the manufacturer of shingles also supplies the market with their own hydrobarriers, which will need to be used. However, it is allowed to use products of competitors similar in characteristics. Scroll suitable materials often given in the instructions supplied with the shingles.

At the same time, the use of analogues can eventually lead to unreliable bonding of the roofing flexible material. It is absolutely unacceptable to use plastic wrap or roofing felt. All this often leads to swelling of the roof. In addition, it would not be very far-sighted to use a material as a substrate that is much less durable than the top layer, because bituminous tiles can last from 15 to 30 years.

The insulation is laid in two ways, depending on the characteristics of the roof. So, roofs are covered in a continuous way, the slope of which is less than 18 degrees. Waterproofing is sold in rolls. Its strips are applied parallel to the ridge, starting from the very bottom. Each subsequent strip overlaps the previous one (15 centimeters). All joints must be coated with bitumen mastic. In addition, the waterproofing is also attached to the base with roofing studs every 25 centimeters.

Also, additional strips of bituminous roofing material are laid on top:

on overhangs;
in the area of junctions with pipes and other structures;
in valleys.

After that, the ridge and the protruding elements of the roof are again covered with insulation.

Roofs with a slope of more than 18 degrees are only partially covered with waterproofing. With this option, the strip polymer material covered with bitumen, laid along the edges of the roof near:

gables;
skate;
other convex structures.

Valleys and bevels, in turn, are protected in a similar way. In addition, additional insulation is laid around chimneys, ventilation pipes and in places where the roof adjoins other architectural elements.

The bituminous polymer strip should have a width of:

half a meter overhang;
meter in valleys, so that each side has 50 centimeters;
up to 30 centimeters in the area of chimneys and other vertical structures interlocking with the roof.

In the latter case, the material must partially bend onto the wall.

Polymer roofing materials that will go to the base must be matched to the tone of the tiles. You should not look for an exact match - this will allow you to focus on the split blocks.

It is also worth noting that the valleys must be covered with a single strip. If this cannot be avoided, it is better to place the joint in the upper part of the roof. The overlap in this case should be at least 20 centimeters.

Tiling

For convenience, the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe roof must be marked with a chopping cord. In this case, horizontal lines are applied every five rows of tiles, while vertical lines are applied in accordance with the width of one shingle.

Next, the actual installation begins. First you need to stick the cornice row directly along the overhang. Such end shingles are sold separately, but it can also be easily made from ordinary shingles - for this, it is enough to remove the curly part from the shingle to get an even strip.

The overhang is pre-supplied with a cornice strip made of tin. The prepared strip of bituminous tiles is glued, stepping back from the edge of the roof by 1 centimeter. The adhesive layer is protected by a special tape - it must be removed. The remaining loose areas are additionally smeared with mastic. Cornice shingles are fastened with nails for reliability. It is important not to skew when driving them - the hat should lie clearly parallel to the counter-lattice.

When arranging the roof of a house, it is important for each owner that it be reliable and durable. When choosing a coating, other factors are also important - this is the affordable cost of the material and the attractiveness of its appearance. In addition, for many, an important role is played by the possibility self-assembly roofing without additional involvement of specialists from outside. All these requirements are met by flexible or soft tiles - modern material, which is now popular among owners of suburban real estate.

Advantages and types of shingles

This material is small size flat sheet, one edge of which is figured. Sometimes organic cellulose can also be used for its production. But in the vast majority of cases, the basis is fiberglass, which is impregnated with a bitumen-polymer composition. The front part of the tile is covered with stone granules, which perform protective function and serve decorative purposes. And on lower part material is applied adhesive composition, which, when installing the roofing, ensures its tightness.

There are many different shades of this roofing material on sale. Quite a lot of its types and in the form of a figured edge. It can be round or rectangular, in the form of a rhombus or a hexagon. Any of the flexible shingle design options looks great. This material can not only make any structure more attractive, but also organically fit it into the surrounding landscape.

The main advantage that distinguishes soft tiles from other roofing materials is the light weight of this coating. It weighs much less than, for example, such a material that is also quite in demand, such as. It also has other virtues. Its advantages over other roofing materials include:

durability - the duration of the service life of the coating is about 30-40 years;
resistance to temperature changes - suitable for use in various climatic conditions;
resistance to mechanical stress - even large hailstones are not afraid of the material;
lack of susceptibility to corrosion - especially in comparison with metal coatings;
protection from ultraviolet radiation - the sun's rays do not have a significant effect on the coating;
undemanding maintenance - if the laying of tiles was carried out in compliance with the technology, then it will not require attention for years;

not too much difficulty self-laying coatings - installation of flexible tiles can be done with your own hands if you have at least some experience in the field of construction;
affordable cost of the material - the prices for soft tiles are lower compared to some other types of roofing.

Of course, as with any building material, flexible tiles also have some disadvantages. Among a small set of minuses, the following two can be distinguished:

not too high thermal conductivity;
lack of resistance to flowering, although this disadvantage is also characteristic of other roofing materials.

Advice. As a result of the low thermal conductivity of this roofing material, it is worth paying Special attention before laying it on the need for work on the arrangement of additional thermal insulation.

Preparatory work before laying soft flooring

Roofing such as shingles can be used for various types roofs, and not only shed roofs. Due to its good plasticity, this material is perfect for roofs of even the most complex shapes.

Attention! The minimum slope angle for mounting this material must be at least 12 degrees. Otherwise, leakage may occur in places where the sheets of tiles are joined. In addition, the attractiveness of the material at lower slope angles is simply not visible.

Before installing soft tiles, it is required to carry out certain preparatory work. Under this coating, you need to make a solid flooring under the crate. It can be made from:

sheets of plywood resistant to moisture;
particle board OSB or OSB;
planed or tongue-and-groove boards.

The joints of the material must coincide with the rafters. It is advisable to treat the wooden base with an antiseptic before starting work. The very same coating for flexible tiles should be hard and with a flat surface.

In addition, before installing a soft coating after arranging the base, laying on it will be required:

lining carpet - bituminous material in rolls or roofing material;
valley carpets - bituminous-polymer compounds for waterproofing junctions with ventilation pipes and walls.

Installation of flexible tiles

The beginning of laying a soft coating is made from the center, then moving towards the ends, positioning the first row of material in such a way that its lower edge coincides with the edge of the eaves. Before installation, the tiles are removed protective covering, laying it then on the base, fixing the material from the edges and over the figured cutouts about 3 cm above the edge. For greater reliability from the wind and at large angles of the roof slope, flexible tiles are fastened with six nails, hammering two more in the upper corners. Adjacent sheets are mounted so that they are arranged in a row close to each other.

All subsequent rows of material are laid in such a way that the protrusions of the top are at the level of the cutouts of what is located below. Having reached the ends in laying, the sheet of tiles is bent, cut off along this line. This place is glued with bituminous mastic with additional processing sealant seams.

Work on laying soft tiles is carried out in dry weather and in warm time years with a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius, otherwise the material will not adhere well to the base. In addition, at lower temperatures, the sheets of this material become brittle. It is permissible to use a building hair dryer during work, which allows additional heating of the material in cold weather in order to install the coating. Having some knowledge and experience in the field of construction, as well as observing the technology of laying soft tiles, you can install it on your own.

Installation of shingles: video

Flexible tiles: photo

Flexible shingles are by far one of the most popular materials that are used in the form of roofing for roofs. There are several reasons why it has become so widespread in our market.

First, in all sorts of colors and shapes, it occupies a leading position among all types of coverage. Today, each brand of shingles is represented by at least 40-50 types various options, so even the most fastidious buyer will always be able to find the option he likes. Secondly, in terms of ease and speed of installation, this is also the most successful, from a technological point of view, coating option that does not require the use of special equipment and tools. Due to the low weight, the work of lifting and delivery directly to the place of work is simplified. Thirdly, having the properties of elasticity and flexibility, this species coatings can be used on any types and forms of roofing, even those with radial curvature. The last advantage, peculiar only to this type of coating, is that with the advent of bituminous tiles, it became possible to implement projects of some forms of roofing that had previously been impossible to perform technologically. The affordable cost of such material should also be noted.

Before laying shingles, it is necessary to perform a number of activities that are associated with the arrangement of " roofing cake". In this article, I will consider all the stages of work related to the laying of shingles, which must be completed after the installation of the truss system is completed.

Installation of waterproofing film

The first stage of work is associated with laying a waterproofing (windproof) film. In this case, a diffusion film-membrane can be used, since the flexible tile coating does not contain elements subject to corrosion. In this regard, there is no need to apply additional measures to exclude this type of impact on the material. This class of insulation is quite widely represented on the market, but the most optimal and often used in construction is the waterproof film of the Czech company Juta, which is called Jutafoll 110-D. When buying, pay attention to the “D” marking, since this letter means that the film is waterproofing, and not, for example, is intended for use in the range of negative temperatures, unlike other markings that are intended for indoor use only. The number 110 is not so important, since it indicates the density of the film. If this parameter is higher, then this will only affect the technical characteristics on the positive side.

Installation of the membrane is quite simple. The first roll of film is rolled lengthwise eaves overhang across the rafters and nailed to them with pre-prepared slats. It is convenient to shoot the film with a staple gun before this. Reiki will be a counter-lattice and perform the function ventilation gap between the waterproofing film and the main crate. These measures are taken to organize the circulation of the air flow, and thereby exclude the collection of moisture in hard-to-reach places. Also, given the fact that air has good thermal insulation properties, these measures are designed to solve the problem of heating in summer and freezing of the roof in winter (the formation of ice and icicles is excluded). The height of the rails is chosen within 25-50 mm, the width must be strictly equal to the width rafter leg. They are cut along the length of 150 cm, like the width of the film.

The rail does not reach the overlap distance of the film (an overlap of at least 12 cm is made at any joints of the membrane). In all cases, galvanized ruffed nails are used for installation, the length of which is selected depending on the thickness of the counter-batten (the length must be at least + 50 mm from its thickness). On all roof ridges, the film is not brought 5-10 cm to its end due to the fact that air movement under roofing starts from the eaves and ends in the ridge, so such a gap is made to go outside. Between themselves, the film can be glued with double-sided adhesive tape, but this is an optional condition.

Lathing and final surface preparation

Next, the final crate is stuffed over the counter-lattice. As material is suitable any board (both edged and unedged), the thickness of which is selected in the range of 25-30 mm. Before installation, the material must be dry (with a relative humidity of not more than 20%) and must be treated with a fire-bioprotective preparation. Also when using unedged board it must be required to completely remove the bark of the tree, since in the future this is fraught with the fact that woodworms can start between the bark and the wood. The distance between adjacent boards should be no more than 30-35 cm (depending on the thickness of the board used). The length of the nail is chosen such that, when nailed, it pierces both the crate and the counter-crate and fits tightly into the rafter by at least 2-3 cm.

A feature of flexible tiles, as a coating, is that the plane of the roof before laying it must be smooth and even. Therefore, if an edged board is used as a flooring (this option is allowed by the manufacturer), then the differences between adjacent boards are not allowed more than 2 mm. This must be monitored to avoid fractures and kinks of tiles during installation.

It is better to start the installation of OSB-plates on the roof from the hip.

I recommend using a moisture resistant OSB-3 board as a flooring. Thickness, as a rule, choose 10-11mm. Unlike a board, when using it, an ideal plane is obtained, and, having moisture-resistant properties, it does not warp or warp throughout the entire service life. When laying, it is necessary to make gaps of 3-5 mm between each sheets of plates to prevent their swelling at the joints, since the linear dimensions of the material will change with fluctuations in humidity and temperature. For nailing the plates, galvanized nails 3x30 with a large hat are used. The step of nailing between nails is 25-30 cm.

Then go directly to the laying of shingles. First, lining carpets based on fiberglass are rolled out. They are optional waterproofing material between OSB-3 board and shingles. If the angle of inclination of the roof is less than 18 degrees, then underlayment carpets must be laid on the entire plane of the roof. But even at large angles of inclination, carpets must be laid in the following places:

On the eaves. This is one of the most responsible places especially in winter period, since when the snow thaws, ice and icicles form in these places, and in this case, the load in the considered parts of the roof increases.
On the fronts. Such places are most susceptible to moisture ingress during slanting rains.
On skates and ribs.
In valleys (junctions of roof planes). Here it is necessary to use carpets with the color tinting of the main roofing.
In places of various connections and junctions of walls, chimneys and others.

In the valleys, the carpet is laid with an overlap of 0.5 meters.

Indents from the edge of the eaves should be about 1-2 cm, since in hot weather it is possible to heat up and straighten the lining carpets. They need to be nailed only in the upper parts at a distance of 20-25 cm, and all joints should be made with an overlap of about 10 cm. Then the stainless steel eaves and gable strips are mounted. To do this, use the same 3x30 galvanized nails with a large hat. The planks are nailed in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 15-20 cm. At the joints, a mandatory overlap of 15 cm is made, fixed with two nails.

After that, they proceed to laying the first row of tiles. By standards, it has a rectangular shape (without petals). Previously, all places of contact of metal strips with bituminous tiles must be smeared with bituminous mastic. The paste has a fairly thick consistency. room temperatures, therefore, to simplify working with it, it is necessary to preheat the container with the product. It is applied to the surface of the tile with a narrow construction spatula. The thickness of the applied layer does not exceed 1-2 mm, since it does not contain an adhesive base, and with thick seams, the smeared surfaces can simply disperse. One tile shingle is nailed with four nails at the top. If the angle of inclination of the roof is more than 60 degrees, then two additional nails must be used.

The second and subsequent rows of tiles are nailed with an offset of half a period (1/3 or 2/3, depending on the chosen shape of the tile itself). Every 3-4 rows must be checked for horizontality, or pre-marking the upcoming row (a thread with colored talc is ideal for this purpose), but this is enough painstaking work time consuming. When fitting, bituminous tiles have to be cut. To do this, it is better to use a short knife with a blade pointed at the end. It is necessary to cut off from the reverse side of the tile, placing a piece of flat board or plywood to prevent accidental damage to the previously laid tile. The mark is carried out with a knife about 3-4 times, then the shingle is bent along the cut line, and the tile is easily divided into two parts.

To work on roofs with a slope of more than 30 degrees, a series of additional measures that improve the usability. The first thing you need to use when working is a safety cable or rope. The second is the use of temporary rails, which are nailed to the slope, bending the petals of the already laid tiles. Otherwise, during installation, you will have to constantly keep the rope taut, since you will not be able to stand on such slopes on your own. And thirdly, the use of overalls (construction overalls) for competent and functional distribution necessary tool on pockets and loops for quick access to it.

In places of ribs and ridges, the tiles are installed with an overlap (the sheet run is bent 10-15 cm to another plane of the roof and nailed). Then the tile is cut into individual petals and mounted on top along the ridge line (rib), and each subsequent petal is nailed in such a way that the places of the nail heads are covered from the previous element of the tile.

There are several basic methods for laying tiles in valley areas. The first is that the elements of the tiles are laid end-to-end on both planes of the roof. The second - involves laying tiles, not reaching 10 cm to the center line. The latter method is preferable both from an aesthetic and practical point of view, since a kind of hollow is formed between the two roof slopes, which makes it easier for rainwater to drain, and thus prevents the formation of local areas in which moisture can collect in the future. In valleys, the use of nails closer than 30 cm from its center is not allowed; for this point of contact between the lining carpet and the tiles, they are smeared with mastic to a width of 10-15 cm. The upper parts of the petals of each row are carefully cut at an angle of 60 degrees.

The final stage

At the junction of walls and chimneys, the tiles are placed on a vertical plane to a height of 20-30 cm, having previously smeared the joints with bituminous mastic. Then, in the place where the tile ends, an abutment bar is installed on top of it, and all the resulting gaps pass through a thermally resistant silicone sealant. It is advisable to install around chimneys and pipes metal boxes, using basalt-based insulation as an insulator. They significantly improve the hydrophobic properties at the joints, preventing complex sections of the roof from all kinds of leaks.

Aerators are necessary for air circulation in the inter-roof space.

At a maximum distance of 50-60 cm from the roof ridge, it is necessary to install aerators, which serve to remove air from the inter-roof space and, thereby, allow organizing competent air circulation. The number of aerators is selected from the following calculation: one aerator for every 25 square meters roofs. At present, ridge aerators have also become widely used, which are a design with air gap, installed directly in the area of the entire length of the ridge. All joints and overlaps around the aerators must be treated with mastic.

It is worth noting that all installation work on tiles it is necessary to carry out at an ambient temperature of at least 15 degrees, at lower temperatures you should use a building hair dryer, heating the tiles in places of kinks. On too sunny and hot days, you need to postpone the installation of the roof, not only for safety own health, but also due to the fact that the tile begins to melt easily, and when moving along the coating, traces and dents remain, which in the future do not look aesthetically pleasing.