Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: diagrams. Hidden wiring in a wooden house: PUE Metal boxes for electrical wiring in a wooden house

Do-it-yourself installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house

The organization of power supply in wooden houses has a number of points that you need to pay attention to. First of all, this is due to the high flammability of wood, which means that improper installation of the wiring easily becomes the cause of a fire. Consider the stages of preparation and installation, as well as provide recommendations and advice regarding this type of work.

Wiring in a wooden house: choice of material, connection to the structure

Electricity in a wooden house is carried out in such a way as to minimize the risk of fire.

It must meet the following requirements:

all cable products must be with a refractory braid, as well as insulated with refractory materials (aluminum or thermal plastic tubes (corrugations) or boxes are used for their laying);
current-carrying wires must be with copper conductors and with such a cross-section to withstand the required load (depending on the power of the connected devices);
it is also necessary to ensure that the channels for laying cables (grooves) are treated with fire protection (Neoflame, Frisol, Fukam) if they are mounted directly into wooden walls. If in a wooden house there is internal thermal insulation of the walls, then the channels for the cable are made in it, it is important to process it if it is combustible.

External wiring

Electrical wiring in a wooden house is divided by type of installation into internal and external. If a wooden house is located in a cottage town or in the private sector, then the wiring to the house is most often supplied through earthen cable channels and wells, and if in a village, then most often it is a canopy (through the air, by attaching wires to a cable).

When supplying electric current from a common network to buildings, self-supporting wires are most often chosen, where the insulating material is not subject to the destructive effects of the external environment. The optimal cable cross-section is from 16 mm, and the take-off from the point of its entry to the ground is from 2.75 m.

Self-supporting insulated wires are mostly aluminum, and they are categorically not suitable for fire safety for wooden buildings, which means that before entering the room, it is necessary to make a transition for a copper cable. This is done by placing an electricity meter on the outer wall of the house with an aluminum wire connected to it, from which a copper cable will go to the switchboard through a special "sleeve" (the sleeve is a kind of filter and adapter).

It is also installed in the electrical panels:

an emergency shutdown device with circuit breakers for 25 or 16 Amperes (to automatically turn off the power supply in case of voltage surges within the network);
RCD - residual current device (for disconnecting the power supply in case of power surges in the external network).

The choice of the type of installation depends to a large extent on the type and aesthetics of the decorative design of the rooms. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is easy to install, but, of course, there are special recommendations and some nuances of work.

Installation of a self-supporting insulated wire to a wooden house video-intsrutsky

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: internal work

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house may have some differences in cable laying technology, as well as in consumables, regardless of the type chosen. Hidden wiring is usually laid with a more aesthetic wall decoration, placing them in special boxes made of metal or non-combustible plastic directly between the base of the wall and the cladding (they can be mounted in insulation). This option is ideal for major repairs of a wooden house or immediately after its construction.

Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is placed in fireproof boxes. If they are mounted on wood or low-melting insulating materials, then before that, the places of installation must be carefully treated with fire protection.

Copper or aluminum pipes are particularly preferred as cable ducts, since they are cheaper. They are preferred because they easily bend to "cold" and do not transfer heat when the cable is heated. Steel, on the other hand, is often chosen due to its lower cost, but with significant turning radii, they have to be heated with gas torches or blowtorches.

Hidden wiring in a wooden house: project development and route definition

When starting work, it is important to draw up a detailed installation project for the wiring, according to which the routing of the wire lines and the installation of the location points of the branch and junction boxes, switches and sockets, as well as the elements of the power network are carried out.

As for the route itself, it is desirable that it has as few bends and oblique lines as possible (ideally, all lines should be parallel to each other and relative to the walls / floor of the room), but if this is not possible, then junction boxes should be provided for several lines wiring. They are usually located in the most accessible places for service, and not in ceilings or partitions.

After the layout of the installation route, you can prepare the walls, namely, drill holes for boxes and metal pipes or gouge, depending on the selected type of installation.

Do-it-yourself electrician in a wooden house: how to choose the right boxes and tubes

The size of the tubes depends on the diameter of the selected cable, as well as on the number of wiring lines (it is not recommended to lay more than two lines in one tube). It is necessary that the electric wires stretch through them easily, without occupying more than 40% of their internal area. The thickness of the metal is also important to prevent them from being burned out in the event of a short circuit.

For example:

when choosing wires made of copper (section ≤ 2.5 sq. mm) and aluminum (≤ 4 sq. mm), the thickness is not standardized;
for cables with a diameter ≤ 6 sq. mm - the thickness must be at least 2.5 mm;
a minimum of 2.8 mm is allowed for pipes made of aluminum and copper with a cross section of ≤ 10 and 4 sq. mm, respectively;
3.2 mm - for wires with a diameter of ≤ 25 and 10 mm2.

Basic rules when performing work

Having prepared the surfaces, you can start laying the boxes and placing the sockets and switches. For this, nests of the required size are drilled in the surfaces and pipes are installed to which the mounting boxes will be attached.

In the case when a copper cable is used, after insertion it is important to expand the ends and solder to the box itself, and the steel edges can be attached by welding. Junction boxes are installed in the same way, the main thing is that all connections have reliable corrosion protection, and all elements of the general structure are grounded without breaks in the circuit.

For electrical wiring, three-core or five-core wires, equipped with grounding conductors, are usually used. At the ends of the pipes, special sleeves are installed to protect the insulation from possible damage.

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house video

Open wiring in a wooden house

Photo 4. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house. Types of installation, connection of the power board

Installation of electrical wiring in an open-type wooden house is carried out using specially designed cable channels, roller insulators or skirting boards. This type of cable laying is preferable for wooden houses, where repairs have already been made, the walls are insulated and upholstered with facing material.

Wiring in cable ducts

Such devices are boxes that are attached to the wall and, after the wiring is installed, are closed with a lock fastener. Here, a non-combustible cable is usually chosen (BBGng, NYM), and the channels themselves must also be fireproof. The main advantages of this method are ease of installation and easy access to wires.

Insulator rollers

Insulation rollers are not new to open wiring assembly. Here, special cables are taken, which consist of stranded copper conductors with a PVC insulating sheath and a silk cover impregnated with a refractory compound.

For timber buildings, open wires should be placed at least 1 cm from the wall, and insulators that look like rollers are used as fasteners. It does not always look aesthetically pleasing, therefore, this method is more suitable for conducting electricity into household or ancillary structures.

Electrical skirting boards

Skirting boxes - used for cable routing under the ceiling or above the floor. They are comfortable, safe and at the same time look quite attractive, do not violate the overall interior design. Another plus, there is always access to the wires themselves, just like when using ordinary boxes, but at the same time, all elements are hidden from prying eyes.

Skirting boards are usually used in conjunction with boxes and are ideal for organizing additional connections, with a ready-made electrical network or made repairs.

Installation of a wiring box in a wooden house video

Switches and sockets for a wooden house

After studying the wiring diagram and marking the cable lines, you can start installing all the sockets and switches. For greater fire safety on them, as well as on the bases of any lamps, sconces and dimmers, there should be metal substrates for mounting to walls or ceilings.

Outcome

As you can see, electrical work in a wooden house can be done independently. Of course, you will need a thorough study of the schemes and features, carry out many calculations and measurements, but if you follow the safety rules and adhere to our instructions, wiring electricity will not cause any problems.

Wooden houses are chosen as dwellings for many reasons: some are contraindicated to live in concrete "boxes", others like beautiful log cabins. However, living in them is closely related to such a concept as safety. That is why electrical wiring in a wooden house is considered one of the key aspects.

We will tell you how to correctly make the wiring of power supply in a wooden house. We will show you what circuits, consumables and wiring accessories are used in laying lines along walls from a bar or log. With our advice, you can create a secure and trouble-free network.

Even if all logs, beams and boards are treated with fire retardants, they remain vulnerable to accidental fire. For this reason, the stages of the electrical system arrangement - from design to the installation of sockets and switches - must be known both by skilled "home-made" people and by the owners who control the work of hired builders.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, for residential buildings with a power consumption of no more than 15 kW, the drawing up of a project for power grids is not required. But the company supplying electricity must be provided with a diagram and data on the total power consumption. This is necessary for calculating the allocated power on the line and installing the meter.

Some electricity supply companies, when concluding a contract, still require a project that includes, in addition to the internal wiring diagram, the installation points of sockets, switches, junction boxes, an electrical panel with a meter

In the process of developing a project, you need to take into account all the nuances: the exact location of electrical installations, the choice of cable and wiring method, the need for grounding, etc. How the project is drawn up and preparation for installation work, we will consider in more detail.

Step # 1 - drawing up a diagram and work plan

Designing can be done independently, if there is experience in such work, or with the help of specialists, by concluding an agreement with a design organization.

A professionally written document contains the following points:

electrical panel diagram;
electrical installation plan;
calculations for the installation of the ground loop;
conclusions outside the house, if any - autonomous sources of electricity;
equipment installation plan with specifications;
if approval is pending - a package of permits;
explanatory note.

But first, you should contact Energosbyt to obtain TU - technical conditions, which are signed according to SNiP.

The least amount of paperwork will have to be collected by owners making connections with a capacity of less than 15 kW. They need to write a list of electrical appliances and calculate their total power. If the power consumption is more than 35 kW, a linear power supply scheme is required. For 380 V networks, a three-line diagram is drawn up.

Wiring in a wooden house is an important aspect in construction. Despite the fact that the wood, which is used for the construction of houses and cottages, is treated with a variety of impregnations to increase fire resistance, this material is still vulnerable. If you do not lay the electrical network in the house according to the rules, then you can expose your family to danger.

If you want to lay the power grid in a wooden house yourself, you need to adhere to a certain set of rules - PUE and SNiP. They provide a short general list of requirements, subject to which you can protect yourself as much as possible and prevent fires in a wooden room. Do-it-yourself wiring in the house should be laid according to clear instructions and each step should be provided.

PUE (rules for electrical installations) - defines the requirements for the installation of an electrical network in the premises. Compliance with the requirements of the PUE is considered expensive to implement, but a very expedient way. It is tough and time consuming to execute. For this reason, these rules are not often followed.

SNiP and PUE were prescribed in order to calculate absolute safety, provided that any load flows through the cable, to protect yourself from short circuit or line ignition. If homemade wiring is not exposed to relatively high voltages in a wooden house, then this is not particularly dangerous.

Therefore, when laying electrical wiring in such a building, all risk factors should be taken into account and the right decision should be made. Either the line is made in accordance with all the rules of the PUE and SNiP - expensive, but reliable, or it will be carried out faster and cheaper, but under high loads your house will become unsafe.

In the normative act PUE-6 there are special requirements for laying electrical wiring in wooden rooms. In order to prevent moisture and steam condensate from accumulating on the cables, they are placed in pipes, metal sleeves or boxes are flexible. It also gives the wires additional protection against mechanical damage.

It is allowed to connect such pipes, ducts or metal hoses if the room is dry, there is no accumulation of gas, vapors, condensate and the humidity level is normal. The connection of metal hoses, boxes and pipes is necessary under negative conditions in the house. They should be fastened to each other when vapors, gases are contained in the room, which negatively affect the insulation of cables, their protective sheath, as well as during outdoor installation of wiring, if moisture, oil and other liquids may enter the power line. Once bonded, they are sealed and sealed.

In dusty houses, sealing joints and branches of pipes, hoses, boxes are made to protect against dust, small debris. Connecting pipes, sleeves and boxes are used as a ground or neutral protective conductor, performing the function of "ground" or "zero" in the wiring. It is forbidden to lead cables through ventilation ducts and shafts. Only crossing by a single wire, which is located in a protective metal sleeve or pipe, is allowed.

Also, the laying of wires behind the false ceiling must be carried out in accordance with the norms of Chapter 7 of the PUE. When installing the electrical network in a private wooden house, the use of exclusively copper wires is required. You also need to carefully select the type of cable that can withstand the required load with a margin. It is imperative to follow safety precautions when laying an electrical line in the house.

How not to do

In order to lead the electrical grid into wood knowledge, one cannot use all installation methods for stone houses or apartments. You cannot mount the wire on a wooden beam or other structures without protection. The main power line must not be covered by flammable materials or trim. Do not allow the insulation of the wiring to be exposed to temperature extremes, humidity, accumulation of dust and dirt on the wires, frequent deformation and bending of wires. It is necessary to exclude an increase in the load on the entire home network.

All of these factors can damage the wiring, resulting in a short circuit. If a bare part of the electrical wiring ignites in a wooden house, then a fire is inevitable. The wires should also not be unprotected. Pets or rodents can gnaw through the wire, which must be avoided. When processing wood near the laid wires, a large amount of shavings and dust accumulates. In the event of a short circuit, the ignition will be assisted by the presence of a combustible material.

Entering cables into the house

Carrying out electrical cables to a private wooden house is a very important area of work. Do not focus entirely on the internal wiring in the building. Entering the power cable into the house must meet modern requirements. It should be borne in mind that energy consumption has increased, which increases the load on the line, as well as the effect on the external insulation of the solar is better, the temperature drop, moisture, which subsequently exposes the metal conductors of the wires. There are two possible ways of introducing a power line into a private house - underground and overhead.

An underground way to run an electric line is more reliable, but difficult and expensive. The power cable is completely hidden from external factors, which reduces the risk of mechanical damage to the wire, moisture, etc. For this, earthworks are carried out. The cable is placed at a depth of more than 80 centimeters, and the security zone must be marked with special plates. The passage of the power line under the foundation of the house is made with a special metal sleeve through which the wire passes. The sleeve is made of thick-walled pipes and durable metal.

Today, this method is used in the construction of new houses, since it is possible to think over the passage of all communications into the building using new construction technologies. Air way. This method has been used for a long time. Only a qualified worker with a suitable permit is allowed on the poles of power lines. Therefore, you cannot make the cable entry yourself.

A cable of the SIP type is used from the pole to the house. Self-supporting insulated wire has a very strong sheath made of polyethylene structure, resistant to solar radiation and temperature extremes. The service life is about 25-30 years. This line does not run inside the building, only up to the switchboard. For a separate section, which unites the line connection point and up to the switchgear, a VVGng cable is used. It can be used for fixed wiring, as well as for outdoor wiring. For reliability, it is placed in an electrotechnical corrugated pipe.

The connection usually takes place outside the building. At the intersection of VVGng wires through the wooden beam of the house, attic walls, floors, a metal sleeve is built in for additional protection of the wire.

Video "Wiring in a log house"

Installation of the shield

When installing the shield, you need to follow the step-by-step instructions for installing it. All wiring is routed directly to the distribution board. It contains an electric meter, additional protective devices, automatic plugs (a modern way to de-energize an overvoltage network), a DIN rail, as well as ground loop and zero bus bars. What dimensions should be in the box is not regulated, but it is better not to save on this, so that it is possible to increase the equipment with an increase in the demand for electricity.

The installation of the meter is carried out by specialists of a state institution, they seal it. The capacity of operating machines is calculated for each zone separately. When the sector is overloaded, the direct power supply is turned off in it in order to avoid negative consequences. The RCD can be connected to the entire indoor network. This may affect more frequent automatic operations of the machine, but this is not critical. Installation of the shield is carried out on a solid, stable vertical surface in an accessible place. In private sectors, it is located outside the building.

When connecting wires to the switchboard, conventional twisting is not used. For this, soldering or terminal connections are used. The clamps are reliable and can be easily replaced if necessary. Choosing which method is best able to protect the electrical distribution board, you can choose a protective sealed box that will prevent moisture and physical damage.

Open wiring

With the PUE-6 norms, open wiring in a wooden house is laid on the surface of the walls of the building, along the ceilings, as well as along farms and other building elements of the structure (supports, beams, etc.). Open wiring is laid along a tension string, cable, on special colic. Used insulators for electrical cables and cords, metal pipes, more flexible hands for line mobility, in trays. There are also special electrical skirting boards in which the wire is placed, platbands with this purpose, free suspension.

Open wiring in a private wooden house involves the use of a special electrotechnical corrugated pipe to create an electrical line. For its production, a special stable and non-combustible type of plastic is used. It is much more expensive than conventional insulating elements, but justifies its reliability. Such a corrugated tube is very convenient for installation, since it is quite flexible. Despite its not aesthetic appearance, this insulating material is one of the best for open wiring in a wooden house.

The electrical tube collects a large amount of dust due to some of the characteristics of the material, which requires constant maintenance and wiping of dust from its surface. For the installation of open wiring, electrical boxes can be used. After the construction of a private wooden house, channels are installed in special boxes, which are usually made of refractory plastic. Cables are pulled through them, and then sealed with covers.

The main problem with using such an installation is the shrinkage of the building after construction. The better the wooden beam is used for construction, the lower the level of shrinkage of the house. If the building is made of laminated veneer lumber, then usually the shrinkage is 1 centimeter per 1 meter of the height of the house. Then, over time, on average for a two-story wooden house, the shrinkage will be about 3 centimeters. In the event that the wiring was made with tension on the cord, then it can burst from excessive tension and pressure. In another case, the box covers will fly out, and they will crack. Then the wiring will need to be re-drawn. Therefore, it is imperative to take into account the shrinkage, make a small supply of wire at the joints, near the switchboard, as well as at the electric pole.

Concealed wiring

The norms of PUE-6 stipulate that hidden wiring in a wooden house can be laid directly inside the structural elements of the building (wall, floor, ceilings, foundation), in the ceilings of a wooden floor, as well as under a removable beam. Hidden wiring in a house can be done in several ways - placing the cable in flexible protective sleeves, pipes, boxes, in hollow building structures or closed channels. Also, the laying of the wiring can be done in a grooved groove, which is covered with special plaster, or the creation of a "monolith" in various building structures during their manufacture at the factory.
It is recommended to start the installation of hidden wiring in a wooden building using metal hoses or pipes to protect the room. Adhering to such rules, you can avoid the consequences of arcing wiring, overheating of cables from excessive load in the network.

Usually hidden wiring is laid behind timber walls or floors. It is necessary that the protective elements are minimally vulnerable to corrosion. To do this, you must first paint over the structures with a stable paint to reduce the likelihood of rusting and increase the service life, or use pipes made of a special material - stainless steel (expensive and reliable), galvanized.

After pipes and sleeves have been cut to the required length, sharp iron burrs and edges remain at their ends, which should not be allowed when laying the cable. Since these edges can damage the sheath of the cord, they must be cleaned with a sharpening stone or file. Dedicated plastic plugs can be used.

If the electrical wiring in the house will be done under a wooden floor, then you need to raise a few bars for more convenient laying of the sleeve or pipe. In the places where the wiring exits, to connect the fittings, you need to drill in the bar. The wires coming out of the main line can be placed in a copper tube and sunk into the wall. Copper is flexible enough, resistant to corrosion and well suited to continue further installation work, but this material is quite expensive. If the electrical cables will be recessed into the wall, then this requires the use of a drill and hammer drill. In this case, the timber is not removed, but a longitudinal hollow is drilled in it, where the wire will be laid in the future.

According to GOST and PUE, there is a standard for conducting power lines in rooms with temperature extremes. If a stable temperature corresponding to the season is not maintained in a wooden house, then pipes with a cable must be placed at a slight slope. This is due to the fact that condensation can accumulate in such houses, which must not be allowed. A slight slope will allow accumulated condensation to gradually drain into the lower part of the pipe and gradually evaporate.
Since it makes no sense to use plaster in wooden houses, the wiring is usually placed on the floor with a wooden floor beam or between the partitions of the walls, where there are recesses.

In most cases, a short circuit in the wiring occurs due to the stupidity and stinginess of the owner of the premises, since he categorically does not want to perform electrical wiring in compliance with all norms and requirements. The owner does not want to carry out periodic inspections and electrical measurements of his electrical equipment and power supply, since these are additional unaccounted costs for the operation of the electrical equipment. What causes short circuits in the wiring? The main cause of short circuits is the deterioration of the insulation of conductors in electrical wiring. This is due to mechanical damage to the insulation of the electrical wiring or excessive stress on the wires and cable. How can you avoid these troubles? What should be done to prevent or minimize the risk of short circuits in the wiring? In this article, we will try to convey to the reader how to properly perform the electrical installation of internal hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house.

Cycle articles

Electrical installation of the input to a wooden house with a VVGng cable in the ground. Continuation

Most homebrew electricians try to quickly scatter hidden electrical wiring on wooden foundations and close the traces of their crimes in the voids of combustible structures, that is, behind a filing ceiling, under wall cladding and in combustible ceilings. Either out of ignorance, or deliberately, but some electrical installation organizations do not shun these violations. The gross violation of the rules for electrical installations is the hidden laying of the cable on wooden bases (walls, floor, ceiling) in a corrugated pipe, metal hose, plastic box. There are such "kulibins" who perform electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring without any protection at all, motivating their actions by the fact that his great-grandfather did this and lived to be 100 years old.

Why is it impossible to carry out electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring in wooden houses using a corrugated PVC pipe, metal hose, plastic box? Let's look at a few situations that can arise when using electrical wiring. Laying hidden electrical wiring using a corrugated PVC pipe or PVC box in the voids of wooden walls, floors and ceilings, you will not be able to protect the cable from rodents who love to sharpen their sharp teeth on the details of your power supply.

Rats and mice easily gnaw through PVC pipes and PVC boxes and expose the conductors of the wires, which are subsequently closed, which leads to a short circuit in the hidden electrical wiring. A lot of wood dust accumulates in the voids of the ceilings and the slightest spark leads to the fire of a wooden house, but the worst thing is that it is very difficult to immediately determine the place of the fire and extinguish it, since the whole process of absorbing your good by fire takes place behind the filing walls and ceilings. You can fill all the walls with water and foam, but the result will be zero, it will not be realistic to extinguish it until the entire structure burns out.

But not only rodents pose a threat to hidden electrical wiring laid on wooden bases in the voids of combustible ceilings using PVC pipes and PVC plastic boxes. During cable laying, the electrician may slightly damage the insulation of the conductors, and during electrical measurements, this damage may not be detected. But during operation, when all the necessary electrical equipment is connected, the wiring operates at the maximum permissible load. Such operation can weaken the insulation of the cable or wire, as heating of the conductors occurs, which causes a short circuit in the wiring. Since the walls of plastic pipes and PVC boxes are not able to withstand a short circuit in the wiring without burning out the walls, therefore, such a short circuit in the hidden wiring will inevitably lead to a fire.

There is an opinion that the electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring on wooden bases using a metal hose does not pose any danger and reliably ensures fire safety in a wooden house. But such misconception can be costly for those who ignore the necessary norms and requirements.

A metal hose, like a corrugated pipe, protects the wiring from minor mechanical damage, but cannot protect against fires during short circuits in the wiring, since it does not have localization ability.

The question may arise: What kind of ability is this that does not allow hamsters-electricians to perform hidden wiring without much cost and effort? We answer: Localization ability is the ability of a non-combustible material (metal pipe, steel box) in which the cable is laid to withstand a short circuit in the cable or wire, without burning out the walls of the non-combustible material.

This means that in the event of a short circuit in a hidden electrical wiring, the walls of the metal hose burn out, which inevitably leads to a fire. Further developments can be found in the daily reports of the Ministry of Emergencies.

Cycle articles"The whole truth about electrical work in a wooden house":

Electrical installation of the input to a wooden house with a VVGng cable in the ground
Electrical installation of the input to a wooden house with a VVGng cable in the ground. Continuation
Electrical installation of internal open wiring in a wooden house
Electrical installation of hidden internal wiring in a wooden house. Continuation
How to separate a PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard). Start
How to separate a PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard). Continuation

PUE-6
2.1.4
Electrical wiring is divided into the following types:
1. Open wiring, laid on the surface of walls, ceilings, on farms and other building elements of buildings and structures, on supports, etc.
With open electrical wiring, the following methods of laying wires and cables are used: directly on the surface of walls, ceilings, etc., on strings, cables, rollers, insulators, in pipes, boxes, flexible metal sleeves, on trays, in electrical baseboards and platbands, free suspension, etc.
Open wiring can be stationary, mobile and portable.
2. - laid inside the structural elements of buildings and structures (in walls, floors, foundations, ceilings), as well as along ceilings in the preparation of the floor, directly under the removable floor, etc.
With hidden electrical wiring, the following methods of laying wires and cables are used: in pipes, flexible metal sleeves, boxes, closed channels and voids of building structures, in plastering furrows, under plaster, as well as monolithing in building structures during their manufacture.

2.1.32
When choosing the type of wiring and the method of laying wires and cables, the requirements of electrical safety and fire safety must be taken into account.

2.1.37
With open laying of protected wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm. If it is impossible to provide the specified distance, the wire (cable) should be separated from the surface with a layer of non-combustible material protruding from each side of the wire (cable) by at least 10 mm.

2.1.38
When hidden laying of protected wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires in closed niches, in voids of building structures (for example, between a wall and cladding), in furrows, etc. with the presence of combustible structures, it is necessary to protect wires and cables with solid a layer of non-combustible material on all sides.

2.1.39
When laying pipes and boxes made of non-combustible materials openly on non-combustible and non-combustible bases and structures, the clear distance from the pipe (box) to the surface of structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 100 mm. If it is impossible to provide the specified distance, the pipe (box) should be separated from all sides from these surfaces with a continuous layer of non-combustible material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete, etc.) with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

2.1.40
When laying pipes and boxes made of non-combustible materials hidden in closed niches, in voids of building structures (for example, between a wall and cladding), in furrows, etc., pipes and boxes should be separated from all sides from the surfaces of structures, parts made of combustible materials with a layer of non-combustible material with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

2.1.41
When crossing on short sections of electrical wiring with elements of building structures made of combustible materials, these sections must be completed in compliance with the requirements of 2.1.36 - 2.1.40.

Table 2.1.3
The choice of types of electrical wiring and methods of laying wires and cables according to fire safety conditions

Type of electrical wiring and method of laying on bases and structures made of combustible materials

Hidden electrical wiring
1.Lined with non-combustible materials (1) and then plastering or protecting from all sides with a continuous layer of other non-combustible materials.
Unprotected wires; Shielded wires and cables in a sheath made of combustible materials.

2.Lined with fireproof materials (1).
Sheathed wires and cables in a sheath made of flame retardant materials.

3. In pipes and boxes made of non-combustible materials - with lining for pipes and boxes of non-combustible materials (1) and subsequent plastering (2).
Unprotected wires and cables in a sheath made of combustible, hardly combustible and non-combustible materials.
_____________
1 A lining made of non-combustible materials should protrude from each side of the wire, cable, pipe or duct by at least 10 mm.
2 Plastering the pipe is carried out with a continuous layer of plaster, alabaster, etc. at least 10 mm thick above the pipe.

PUE-7
7.1.38
Electrical networks laid behind impassable suspended ceilings and in partitions are considered hidden electrical wiring and should be carried out; behind ceilings and in the voids of partitions made of combustible materials in metal pipes with localization ability, and in metal blind boxes; behind ceilings and in partitions made of non-combustible materials * - in pipes and boxes made of non-combustible materials, as well as flame-retardant cables. In this case, the possibility of replacing wires and cables must be ensured.
________________
* Under the suspended ceilings made of non-combustible materials, we mean those ceilings that are made of non-combustible materials, while other building structures located above the suspended ceilings, including intermediate floors, are also made of non-combustible materials.

Read also:

One of the most important decisions in the construction of a power supply scheme in a wooden house is the choice of a method for laying a cable and installing electrical equipment (lamps, sockets, switches). This business must be approached with all responsibility, ...
The beginning of the article “Electrical installation of hidden internal wiring in a wooden house. Start". When choosing a method for electrical installation of hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house, the first step is to take into account the requirements of fire safety and electrical safety. Design and cost of electrical ...
The overwhelming majority of power supply to country houses, garden associations and houses in the countryside is carried out via overhead power lines. And this means that the consumer receives electricity through the "TN-C" grounding system, which in ...
Beginning of the article "How to separate a PEN conductor in an electrical installation (ASU, main switchboard)". Having removed the outer insulation of the cable, lay the phase conductors up to the breaker or protection device with a margin for stripping the wires and the possibility of re ...
Andrey Hello! There is a wooden log house. The electrical wiring is laid openly in PVC cable ducts. I want to sheathe the house from the inside with clapboard, which will close the cable channels. Will this wiring already be considered hidden? And so that she becomes again ...

22 Comment (s) on “The whole truth about electrical work in a wooden house in accordance with the PUE and PTEEP. Electrical installation of hidden internal wiring in a wooden house. Start"

Hello. Competent material about electrical work in wooden houses, everything is clear and understandable.
For the sake of interest, I went to the site indicated in the photo that you criticize and did not find it. But there are other photos on the page which show that the wiring is not done correctly. Not only is it laid with a flame-propagating cable, but it also goes into a wooden wall into a hole without a pipe. Or am I wrong?

- Hello Boris!
  Thank you for your kind words addressed to us.

Hello!
And how is the frame structure positioned - a wooden lattice sheathed with plasterboard on both sides? How should the cable be routed in this case? Thanks.

Hello Alexey!
A wooden lattice sheathed with plasterboard on both sides is regarded as a building structure made of combustible materials. Hidden electrical wiring in such structures must be made in accordance with the PUE, clause 7.1.38., In metal pipes with localization ability, and in metal blind boxes. It is also possible to carry out hidden electrical wiring in PVC-ng pipes (corrugated pipe) and PVC-ng boxes (non-combustion), but only with a lining on all sides and along the entire length of fireproof material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete etc.).
- Hello Vladimir!
  We hasten to upset you, but the references we have provided to regulatory documents apply to all residential and public buildings. We advise you to carefully read them and strictly follow the applicable requirements.
  
  CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (SP 31-110-2003)
  DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
  1 AREA OF USE
  This Code of Practice establishes the rules for the design and installation of electrical installations for newly constructed and reconstructed residential and public buildings in cities and rural settlements.
  14.3
  Internal electrical networks must be flame retardant and carried out with cables and wires with copper conductors in accordance with the requirements of 2.1 and 7.1 of the PUE.
  
  RULES FOR THE DEVICE OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS (PUE)
  1.1.1
  The Electrical Installation Rules (PUE) apply to newly constructed and reconstructed electrical installations of direct and alternating current with voltage up to 750 kV, including special electrical installations, discussed in section. 7 of these Rules.

Tell me please. In an apartment of a 3-storey building on the 1st floor from the electrical panel, hidden wiring (VVG or VVGng) in the PVC corrugation in the brick wall goes down under the floor (the floor is wooden on brick posts). Further, under the floor, it emerges from the wall and in PVC corrugation, suspended from the logs, stretched to the walls and brought back to the rooms against the walls to the sockets and junction boxes. There is access to the underground, but the height of the “ceiling” there is about 70-80 cm. Are the norms violated?

Hello Vladimir!

Hello!
I want to ask one more question on the photographs presented as an illustration of the violation. So, on them we see the wiring in a corrugated pipe laid along a wooden structure (open protected gasket). The corrugated pipe is attached to the wall using corrugated pipe clips. Most of the clips produced have a base of 1 cm, such that the corrugation does not adhere closely to the wall, but hangs at some distance from it.
At the same time, the 7th edition of the PUE teaches us:
p. 2.1.37. With open laying of protected wires (cables) with sheaths of combustible materials and unprotected wires, the clear distance from the wire (cable) to the surface of bases, structures, parts made of combustible materials must be at least 10 mm.
and only then in this paragraph it is indicated about the laying of non-combustible materials under the cable, if it is impossible to withstand these 10 mm, as rightly said in the second part of your article.
It turns out that the use of clips with such a base allows you to maintain a standardized PUE distance of 10 mm to the wall to be burned, and the installation was not so wrong?

Hello Grigory!
The photographs show hidden electrical wiring behind impassable suspended ceilings and in the voids of building structures (between the wall and the cladding) made of combustible materials at the stage of laying cable group lines to the cladding of walls and ceilings.

Good afternoon, I read your article, I learned a lot.
I have such a case, the contractors laid the cable in the ceiling space in a corrugated PVC pipe, it seems like everything and nothing, but they fixed the corrugated pipe to the traverses with the help of ties, which serves to suspend the ceiling. The question is, where is it stated in the normative documentation that pipes can be fastened, for example, only to walls and ceilings, and is prohibited to traverses of other systems?

Hello Denis!
Your question is redirected to. You can register on the forum and discuss "" in more detail with the forum participants.

A log cabin or a cottage made of timber: any building made of wood, regardless of the impregnation of the material with fire retardants, is fire hazardous, and many owners are wondering whether hidden wiring in a wooden house.

Is hidden wiring possible in a wooden house?

In an apartment of a high-rise building, in order to lay the electrical network in the premises, concrete walls are subjected to chipping, that is, shallow grooves are drilled. Brick is often easier to do, simply by hiding the wiring under a thick layer of plaster. In buildings made of logs or timber, the situation is somewhat more complicated. Even the best quality cable can easily burn out due to an accidental short circuit, which is why there is a high probability of a fire. Of course, there is an optimal way out - to lay the network so that all the wires are in plain sight. But many will find this option unaesthetic.

Is hidden electrical wiring permissible in a wooden house? Quite if you use special channels that must fit into the walls. The main requirement is to exclude the contact of the cable with wood.... The fact is that even without short circuits, the metal core, hidden in the insulation, tends to heat up at a high load on the network, which occurs when several household appliances are turned on. Care must be taken in advance that the wooden walls do not heat up from the wiring, and this is achieved with the help of special boxes, sleeves or pipes laid in the walls.

Choosing a channel for pulling the cable

So, in order to hide all the wires in the thickness of the walls, you will have to hollow out recesses, grooves, cavities, through holes and so on in logs or a bar. However, as already mentioned, even an insulated cable should not come into contact with wood. As a precautionary measure, many use metal hoses, which are completely unsuitable for this purpose (due to poor thermal insulation properties), they are designed to pull the external network. For laying cables inside wooden walls, special metal tubes are intended, in extreme cases - non-combustible or plastic ones, which tend to fade without external interference. Let's consider both options.

Metal cable ducts are preferable for the simple reason that they are completely immune to fire. In addition, one should take into account the shrinkage of the walls, due to which plastic pipes, unlike copper ones, are easily deformed. On the other hand, the channels must bend in the corners, in which case, if you are working with copper, be patient. The fact is that first a wire is pulled into the tube, after which it should be carefully bent on a special pipe bending device. In this case, the place of bending must be with a certain radius, otherwise there is a possibility of damage to the cable.

Plastic ducts are less preferable, although they are more profitable in cost and allow you to save a lot of money when laying the electrical network. It is best to simply place them in the grooves knocked out in the ends of the logs that limit the doorway, in a pinch, use them to pull wires through walls. It is better not to lay plastic pipes in the thickness of the partitions between the rooms, remembering the shrinkage of the crowns. The grooves with cable channels are closed with plugs cut from a board or bar, which are subsequently closed with platbands or masked with a special putty for wood, followed by grinding the surface, as well as stain and varnish.

What is the easiest way to hide the power grid in a log house

It is best to do the routing around the premises not along the walls, but either under the flooring or under the ceiling sheathing. Since such an arrangement of cables is considered hidden, we lay copper pipes along the logs (or under them, if on the floor), connecting in special junction boxes, which in no case should come into contact with the tree. It is advisable to separate such intersections of highways from the sheathing with asbestos or metal sheets. In the wall, at the end of each groove for the branch of the network, we gouge a recess for the mounting box, on top of which the socket or switch is mounted. The diameter of the pipe and the thickness of its wall are selected depending on the cross-section of the wire.

Wire strands, even if covered with junction boxes, should be insulated with caps, especially in areas where wood is located in the immediate vicinity. If you plan to sheathe the walls with clapboard, you can run cable channels directly on their surface without gouging grooves. In this case, non-combustible plastic pipes are most appropriate, and, regardless of the material, the wires must be completely hidden in them, especially at the junction boxes. Alternatively, a combined scheme is possible, when the highways are hidden in metal gutters and pipes under the cladding of the walls, floor and ceiling, and the wiring to the points is carried out half-open, in boxes.

Open wiring in a wooden house as part of the design

It is not at all necessary to hide the cables, if the walls are not planned to be hidden under the crate, followed by finishing with plaster or under wallpaper. It will perfectly match with log partitions between rooms; in a wooden house, this solution can become part of the design. However, if it seems to you that the power grid stretched along the walls and ceiling will not be combined with paintings and rugs, you can put it in plastic boxes that will fit into any environment.

It is also allowed to lay cables in special channels of decorative skirting boards, which is convenient for European renovation, when you do not want to make an apartment look like an office using boxes. Some homeowners use corrugated plastic tubing, which is flexible but does not provide any protection or aesthetics for the wiring. In non-residential premises, cables are often installed using metal brackets; this option is appropriate in a bathroom or in a bathhouse, as well as in a workshop, garage, in a cellar or in a shed.

An external power grid is convenient in that it is easy to find and fix damage caused by a short circuit or for another reason.

The most interesting is the open one, made in the "retro" style, when copper insulated wires twisted in a pigtail are pulled straight along the wall, secured with ceramic insulators. In stores, you can often find models of sockets and switches in the style of the 30s and 40s, with massive cases (although there will almost certainly be a ground contact in the outlets). The only condition for organizing such a network is to maintain a gap of 10 millimeters between the cable and the wall. However, this type also has disadvantages, in particular: open access of children to wires (and suddenly they want to cut them with scissors), as well as the high cost and shortage of ceramic rollers for fastening two-core twisting.