Prepare a mixture for decorative plaster. How to make decorative plaster with your own hands: options

The desire of many owners of private houses to give their home a completely unique look is quite understandable. Relief plasters come to their aid, which are made from solutions on various bases and applied to the surface of the walls either with special tools, or with improvised, sometimes completely unexpected objects, depending on what effect is planned to be obtained.

Do-it-yourself decorative wall plastering is a great way to stand out from the crowd. Before deciding on the choice of the desired pattern and the technique of its reproduction, it is necessary to consider various options finishes. After the desired relief is determined, it is advisable to conduct a practical lesson, and plastering it in accordance with the plan.

Some techniques for working with decorative plaster can be called art, since three-dimensional paintings with various subjects are molded from it, which can become an exclusive decoration of the wall of an apartment or a country mansion. Experienced craftsmen, using them, create real works from ordinary plaster mass that set the style for the entire design of a room or facade.

Decorative plaster - what is it?

WITH long time ago decorative plaster was used to decorate the walls, and with a change in interior styles, its plot patterns and relief changed, becoming more complex or, conversely, for the sake of fashion, simplifying. It has not lost its relevance to this day - in our time, with the help of a similar technology, both the facade parts of buildings and the interior walls of the room are finished.

Most often, a plaster coating is used, which, in addition to decorative, also performs protective function, preventing moisture and dust from penetrating to the main wall.

For interior walls, a uniform pattern finish or an embossed plot panel can be used. Choosing a relief in the form of a picture to decorate your home, you can be sure that it will be guaranteed to be original, since it is almost impossible to depict the same drawing twice in this technique in exactly the same way.

Reliefs applied to the wall are usually covered with one or more shades of color, which give them a deeper volume. If desired, when the original color of the decorative plaster gets tired, it can be easily changed to another. Moreover, this process can be carried out both on a homogeneous coating and on a panel. The paint is applied to relief panels with a brush and sponge, and on a homogeneous surface - using a spray gun or roller.

Decorative plaster can have a deep relief, which is called a bas-relief - it protrudes 8 ÷ 15 mm above the wall surface, or it can be almost smooth and stand out only in color. Today, in construction stores, you can find compositions that, when applied with a conventional spatula, can form a relief surface, and for some of them special nozzles are used that are installed on rollers. They are able to imitate tree bark, tall grass, layered rocks and many other three-dimensional drawings.

The plaster mixtures used to create the relief are quite plastic. They are easy to apply on a pre-prepared wall surface and transform into various patterns.

Fundamentals of technology for applying textured plaster

Wall finishing work decorative plaster is carried out in stages, in accordance with the requirements of the developed technology. It includes several stages.

• The first step is to determine the pattern that will have to decorate the walls, as well as the tools needed to reproduce it. The relief sample during work should be in front of the eyes so that its contours can be repeated. This is especially important if the plot version of the panel is chosen.
• Next, you need to prepare the tools that will knead the plaster composition, apply it to the wall and create a relief pattern.
• When everything is ready, you can proceed to the preparation of the walls. This process is carried out in almost the same way for both facade and indoor walls - it includes cleaning surfaces from old coatings, rough leveling, and then priming them. It is better to choose the composition of the primer with antiseptic additives, then the walls will be protected from damage by mold, fungus, moss, etc., as well as from the creation of nests by insects.
• Then, a starting leveling layer of plaster is applied to the prepared, well-dried surface - it will become the basis for the textured finish layer.
• After the starting layer is well dried, the wall surface is recommended, once again, to create a higher adhesion between the layers of the plaster composition.

• The next step, again, after the soil has completely dried, a finishing textured plaster is applied, from which the relief is formed. In some of the techniques used, the upper part of the applied plaster is compared to one plane, and textured recesses remain inside, creating a uniform but chaotic relief.

• When reproducing some drawings, the application of several layers of decorative plaster is required, in which case each of them requires good drying.
• Further, if the color has not been added to the plaster mixture, the paint is applied on top of the textured layer. If the surface is given a uniform pattern with recesses, then it is best to carry out this process with a spray gun. If it is planned to produce an uneven color, then you can use a sponge or a brush for tinting. The paint should be applied in such a way that it emphasizes the beauty of the relief of the decorative coating. When tinting a panel, the paint is applied in several stages to create a visual perception of its depth.

When performing work, you must strictly adhere to step by step instructions. Making any changes to the relief manufacturing technology can adversely affect the design result. Therefore, do not rush - it is necessary to thoroughly dry each of the layers, observing their order. It is better to immediately prepare for the fact that it will take more than one day to create a high-quality relief wall covering.

Now that the general principles of decorating a wall by applying decorative relief plaster to it are known, it makes sense to consider the tools that can be used for these technological operations.

decorative plaster

Tools for working with relief plaster

Finishing the wall with decorative plaster and forming a relief pattern with it, use the following tools:

• To mix the plaster mortar, you will need a drill and a mixer nozzle. With their help, you can easily and quickly enough, without much effort, make the mixture plastic and homogeneous.

• Spatulas of various sizes - these tools can be called the main ones in working with any plaster, since they are indispensable when applying any of the layers of the finish.
• or a trowel are also quite often used to cover surfaces with plaster solutions.
• A special mitten, which is used both to create a relief and to color it.

• Brush with hard or soft bristles, polyethylene film, latex gloves, sponge or plastic mesh for washing dishes.
• The use of a roller and rubber nozzles for it can be called the most popular way to make a wall embossed. The variety of these devices allows you to choose one of the many textured patterns offered by the manufacturer.

In addition, using this technique, the work is faster, and the print on the wall is neat and aesthetic, however, such reliefs cannot be called exclusive. Roller nozzles can have patterns of floral pattern, waves, various curls, geometric shapes other.

Reliefs imitating the texture of the skin or tree bark and other natural materials.

Nozzles can create a textured pattern, located vertically or horizontally, chaotically or perfectly correctly - this factor will depend on the preference of the owner of the finished housing.

Textured plaster expands the possibilities of transforming walls, and the presence of a variety of tools opens up scope for creating numerous drawings. It should be noted that craftsmen who are professionally engaged in this art often use completely unexpected tools and household items, such as wood chisels, manicure spatulas, or even ordinary teaspoons, when making reliefs.

Materials for decorative plaster

In addition to well-chosen tools, it is necessary to choose the optimal plaster composition. The range is quite wide, as many well-known manufacturing companies offer special ones that allow you to easily transform the facades and premises of houses.

Starting plaster

In addition to the decorative mixture, it is necessary to purchase starting plaster, with which it will be possible to level the surface of the wall, preparing it for relief design. For this purpose, it is better to purchase compositions made on the same basis as the finish, then we can say with confidence that good adhesion will be created between the base and the outer plaster layer. So, for the starting, leveling layer, fit:

• Plaster starting on a plaster basis. A distinctive feature of this mixture is a short time before setting, so you need to work with it very quickly. If there is no experience in leveling walls, then it is better to choose a mixture that will allow for longer work.

• For example, a cement-based mortar is perfect for both experienced craftsmen and beginners. It can be bought at ready-made, or make it yourself from cement and well-sifted sand, taken in a ratio of 1: 3. For the plasticity of a home-made mixture, PVA glue or liquid soap is often added to it. Thanks to these components, the solution will become softer and at the same time “sticky” to the walls, and it will be easy to work with.
• Sometimes clay is used for the starting layer, which can also be purchased at a hardware store in an already prepared form. Most often, clay mortar is used for plastering a wooden surface, but in Lately masters still prefer to work more modern materials. Although clay has numerous positive qualities, such as elasticity, good adhesion to the surface, environmental friendliness, and in addition, it is a "breathable" material.

Decorative plaster compositions

For decorative finishes special plaster compositions are used, which are also made on different bases. They are intended for a variety of relief patterns, so some of them are equipped with various additives. On the packaging, the manufacturer indicates the name of the relief for which this mixture is intended, since solid crumbs from different materials, which has a large and small fraction and gives various finishing effects.

The proposed table presents some types of decorative plaster, which are most often used for finishing the facade of the house and walls inside the premises.

Appearance of the package	Embossed pattern on the wall	The basis of decorative plaster	Additive fraction size, mm
		Mineral Ceresit CT 35	"Bark beetle" 2.5÷3.5
		Mineral Ceresit CT 137	"Pebble" 1.0÷2.5
		Polymer Ceresit CT 77	Mosaic 0.8÷2.0
		Acrylic "Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64"	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.5; "bark beetle" 2.0÷3.0
		Silicate-silicone Ceresit CT 175	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.0; "bark beetle" 2,0
		silicate Ceresit CT 73	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.5; "bark beetle" 2,0
		Texture acrylic "Capital"	"Quartz coat"
		Based on white cement Master	"Lamb" 2,0
		Acrylic "Optimist Elite"	"Venetian plaster" white thick homogenous paste

As can be seen from the presented table, plaster mixtures are produced in a dry and pasty state. Ready-made pastes diluted to the desired consistency will usually cost a little more than dry mixes, but they are much easier to use, since you do not have to calculate the proportions when kneading.

Ready-to-use plasters can be used immediately after the primer dries on the prepared wall. Upon completion of the work, the rest of the mixture is closed in the packing bucket, and during the next stage, the paste can be reused, since it can be stored for quite a long time in the closed state.

If desired, create plaster own production, you can take as a basis the recipes given in the table below:

Components of the solution	Appearance and color of plaster
	Under white marble	Like yellow marble	Under red granite	Under gray granite
	Quantity in parts by volume
Portland cement M400	1	1	1	1
lime dough	0.5	0.25	0.1	0.1
marble flour	0.5	0.25	-	-
Marble chips	3	3	3	3
Mica (from cement volume)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pigment in % by weight of cement	-	Ocher 3÷5	Iron Minium 5÷10	Manganese peroxide 1÷5

Priming compositions

Wall primers used at the preparatory stage are sold in pasty and liquid consistency.

plaster

• To treat the wall for applying the starting layer, it is recommended to use deep penetration liquid compositions, including antiseptic additives.

• After the starting plaster has dried, it should also be primed, thereby creating a good basis for the finishing decorative layer. For this process, it is best to use a primer that has a thicker, closer to pasty consistency.

Each of the layers applied to the wall must be completely dried, and only after that the next one can be applied. Otherwise, the plaster may begin to crack or peel off the surface.

Coloring compositions for decorative plaster

They can be tinted, or they are painted before starting work. Sometimes the color is applied by the manufacturer to the plaster, in other cases color additives are purchased separately and also added to the paste or dry mix before kneading or applying it.

Another option for giving the finished decorative plaster the desired color is to paint it with a spray gun, roller or brush. In this case, a composition of white or gray color, and then, after it dries, it is given a uniform or volumetric staining.

For painting textured plaster applied to the wall, paints made on water based- these are emulsion and water-dispersion. Such paints are produced in various colors, but if you wish, you can give them a shade yourself, by purchasing a separate white “base” and the color you like. Their mixing is done immediately before applying to the wall, in which case you can achieve a darker or, conversely, lighter shade, which will help give the pattern on the wall volume and depth.

Lacquer for decorative plaster

For textured plasters that have a shallow relief or a relatively smooth surface structure, a protective varnish or wax is usually used. decorative coating.

Varnishes can be matte or glossy, and can significantly enrich the color of the wall finish. Thanks to even one layer varnish coating, the plaster will retain its original appearance much longer.

In some cases, in order to achieve the desired effect, it is better to apply varnish on the wall surface in several layers. For example, if an imitation of polished stone or crocodile skin is reproduced on the wall.

Wax is most often used as protective agent for Venetian plaster, which can acquire a matte or even mirror shine after its application. Wax has no smell and is an environmentally friendly material. It is able to protect the wall covering from dust and yellowing, and besides this, it creates a water-repellent layer, and at the same time it has good vapor permeability, that is, the walls do not lose the ability to “breathe”. Due to these qualities, the wax coating can be applied in living rooms and in rooms with high humidity.

Wax is produced in a colorless version and retains the color of decorative plaster in its original state. In addition, it can be tinted with metallic pigments or pearlescent additives. For example, the CERA wax shown in the illustration is available in three color options - colorless, silver and gold, which allows you to enrich the decorative finish with a pleasant soft sheen.

masking tape

In some finishing works You can't do without masking tape. It is used to protect adjacent surfaces when working on one of them, as well as in cases where it is necessary to separate different textured or color patterns from each other. The tape is easy to stick to any surface and can be removed without leaving marks. It has a low price, so in any case, stocking up with all the materials necessary for finishing, it should be purchased as an aid.

When buying any finishing materials, it is very important to pay attention to the manufacturer's clarifications, which are placed on the packaging - about what kind of work they are intended for, internal or external. Many compositions for external use are well suited for interior wall decoration, but materials for internal use when applied to the facade for a long time, alas, they will not last.

Versailles plaster

Wall surface preparation

Now, having figured out how to choose a material, and what tools will be needed for work, we can proceed to consider the process of preparing walls for applying plaster solutions.

Preliminary preparation of wall surfaces

To get a quality result, it is very important to clean the wall well from old coatings, and such actions are performed both on external walls and on internal ones. It is imperative to remove old wallpaper, paint or whitewash from them, otherwise the starting layer of plaster will have insufficient adhesion to the surface.

The main measures for the preparation of wall surfaces are shown in the table below:

Illustration
	Removal of the old layer of plaster from the walls. This process is especially important to carry out very carefully if the old decorative coating has begun to peel off from the main surface. If you need to remove a thin plaster layer, then for this purpose you can use a grinder or a construction grater with coarse-grained sandpaper installed on it.
	In the event that the walls are covered with wallpaper, the old canvases must also be removed. Usually pasted old wallpapers are moistened with a spray gun, and this process is carried out several times, since the canvases should get wet up to the wall itself. After that, the finishing material is removed with a spatula.
	Another option for cleaning walls from wallpaper is steaming. For this purpose, a special tool or a steam iron is used, and in addition, an air humidifier can be used, which is directed towards the wall that needs to be cleaned of wallpaper.
	If the wall is painted, then the paint layer must also be peeled off, otherwise the plaster layer simply will not lie on the wall. Paint removal is done with a scraper, with softening old paint hot stream from a building hair dryer. You can also apply the abrasive method using a grinder with an iron brush or an electric drill with an abrasive nozzle.
	After the old decorative coating is removed from the wall surfaces, a leveling plaster layer or simply the capital concrete base itself will open. On concrete, depressions and irregularities are often found, which will have to be leveled by applying a putty layer.
	If a good quality plaster is found that does not separate from the main wall, then it can not be cleaned off. In this case, notches with a depth of 5 ÷ 7 mm are made on the surface of the wall with an ax or a chisel. They will be necessary to ensure better adhesion of the leveling starting layer to the wall. However, they often do without them, using modern primers of the "betonokontakt" type, which provide excellent adhesion of the applied plaster compositions.
	However, quite often the situation is such that the old plaster has to be removed completely, as it crumbles and does not adhere securely to the surface. This flaw can be detected when notches are applied, since when tapping in some areas of the wall, the plaster layer can “bump”, or even just fall off. If a layer separation occurs on a large section of the wall, then it is best to remove the old coating completely - the process, as they say, has already begun, and no one can guarantee that the remaining areas will be stable.
	After the old plaster layer is removed, serious damage can be found on the wall in the form of deep cracks. They must be repaired, otherwise they will eventually appear on new plaster layers, and the work will be spoiled.
	The detected cracks are embroidered, that is, they are made wider and deeper. Then they are cleaned and treated with a deep penetration primer. Their filling is carried out with a plastic repair compound. Special repair solutions are on sale, and for internal works you can use the usual starting putty. The repair mortar must fill the entire volume of the cut crack, to the full depth or width. If a wide crack is found, then it can be filled with mounting foam with a slight expansion. Its excess, which came out after the material hardened, is cut flush with the wall. In some cases, to strengthen the crack and avoid its manifestation through new finishing layers, a reinforcing serpentine mesh is glued on top of it on the putty mortar.
	After the repair “patches” on the cracks dry out, they must be cleaned with a construction grater with an abrasive mesh installed on it first, and then with sandpaper.
	The next step is to coat the wall with a deep penetration antiseptic primer. If the first layer of primer is absorbed into the wall surface without a trace, then one or even two more layers of primer are applied. The primer composition will penetrate into the pores of the plaster or wall material, strengthen its surface and create good conditions for adhesion of materials. The solution can be applied with a roller or with a wide brush. Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried.

On a primed and dried wall, plastering can be done.

Applying a base leveling layer of plaster

Next milestone- these are plastering works that finally prepare the surface for further application of decorative plaster. Alignment is carried out on a primed and well-dried wall.

Methods of plaster leveling of surfaces may vary somewhat - depending on the material of the wall and the quality of the surface. But the general technology is still general, and more about it in the table below:

illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	If, when checking the wall with the help of a building level, it was found that it requires major alignment, then beacons made of special metal profiles are placed on the surface as the first step. They are fixed on the wall with a step of 1000 ÷ 1200 mm, controlled vertically and horizontally using a building level and a long rule. These profiles are fixed using cement mortar with the addition of gypsum or only a gypsum mixture, since this material sets quickly and will not delay the implementation of subsequent work. Between the slides of the solution, on which the beacon profiles are attached, they maintain a distance of the order of 400 ÷ 500 mm.
	Having set the beacons, you can proceed to mixing the plaster. It must be homogeneous, without hard inclusions, otherwise it will be problematic to align it to the ideal, since voids can form near large hard fractions, which will weaken the coating. Before applying the solution, the wall can be slightly moistened by spraying it with a spray bottle or a brush. The next step is to throw a thick layer of plastic solution onto the surface, which should be 30 ÷ 50 mm higher than the beacons. Excess mortar will be removed by the rule when leveling the plaster.
	Further, the wet solution applied to the wall is leveled with a rule that moves along the beacon guides. Work begins from the bottom of the wall - as a rule, slowly, it rises up, while it is slightly moved from side to side for better distribution of the solution in the space between the beacons. At the same time, the excess plaster mixture is usually collected, which can later be used for application to adjacent sections of the wall.
	After plastering the surface, it should be left for 2-3 days to set. At the same time, it is recommended to spray the wall periodically with water to obtain greater strength of the applied layer. Further, the still wet plaster is overwritten, throwing cement milk over it. These works are carried out using a plaster trowel or grout, which is lightly pressed against the wall and the surface is rubbed in a counterclockwise circular motion, making it even. The worn surface is left to dry completely, which depends on the thickness of the layer and can take from 5 to 15 days.
	The dried plastered wall should be well primed using a paste-like thick primer, which is applied with a roller. Hard-to-reach areas of the wall are processed with a narrow brush. A water-based primer dries quickly enough, so very often after 2-3 hours it becomes possible to proceed to the next stage of work.
	If we are talking about interior work, then in order for the result of wall finishing to be of high quality, it is recommended to apply a thin, 1.5 ÷ 2.0 mm, layer of gypsum-based plaster to the leveling plaster layer. It will make the surface smooth, correcting all the shortcomings of the base layer. The plaster is applied with a metal trowel or with a wide spatula, making semicircular movements. At the same time, it must be remembered that the gypsum mixture quickly sets and hardens, therefore it is impossible to knead a large amount of the solution, since it will no longer be possible to “revive” it by adding water. It should be noted that as this starting layer for decorative plaster, you can also use a ready-made cement-based mixture, or one of the common putty compositions. After drying this layer, it must be primed.

Decorative plaster - application and painting

When all leveling layers are dry and the wall is fully prepared, you can proceed to finishing stage works - applying a decorative plaster layer.

Several popular embossing methods

This is perhaps the most interesting creative process, after which the wall will take on a completely updated look. For this stage, a decorative paste-like plaster mass or a dry mixture is used, which is kneaded independently, in the same way as the base solution, that is, using a mixer mounted on an electric drill.

In any case, the mass should be plastic and homogeneous, unless, of course, such a coating as "bark beetle" or "lamb" is chosen, which contains additives from stone chips. But even with such a solution, the solid fractions should be distributed in the plastic mass quite evenly.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	Venetian plaster can have a different relief pattern, but it is always shallow and chaotic. However, sometimes it is the background for clear geometric or floral patterns. Decorative plaster is applied with a metal or rubber spatula in thin layers, the number of which can be from 5 to 8. Despite such a considerable number of layers, the total thickness of the plaster made using this technique is only 3 ÷ 4 mm.
	To reproduce Venetian plaster, an already tinted composition is most often used, otherwise it will be necessary to stain after completion of its application and drying, and in this case, part of the intended effect will be lost. The desired effect of the "silk" surface is achieved by the presence of several layers of the same color, each of which is applied and rubbed in different directions. Thanks to this technique, strokes that differ in direction give a different reflection of the light hitting the wall. Thus, the surface shines with a silky sheen. In some cases, in order to create the effect of a deeper spatial volume, translucent from the inside, several color shades close to each other are taken.
	Each of the layers of the plaster composition applied with strokes is smoothed out, but this process is carried out with tangential movements with the application of certain efforts. For each of the layers, professional craftsmen use spatulas and trowels of different thickness and width, creating a multilayer chaotic relief pattern from the solution. With the help of this plastering technique, it is possible to imitate the pattern structure of various finishing stones on the wall. To enhance the imitation effect, after completion of the plaster application, after waiting for it to dry, the surface is polished with wax or covered with matte varnish.
	A more affordable option for a non-professional embossed plaster. The composition is applied with a conventional spatula in one or more layers, each of which must be dried. The relief of each layer can be smoothed out, or its protruding fragments can be left in their original form. Smoothing the solution is carried out with a metal trowel, with gentle touches. Using this technique, you can create various reliefs, and their shape and direction will depend on the creative mood of the master.
	If you intend to create a relief that has the correct smooth shapes and lines, you can use a notched trowel (trowel), which is usually used to apply glue when finishing surfaces, to reproduce it. ceramic tiles, or a special comb.
	This type of embossed pattern will be easy to reproduce for the master who first picked up a plastering tool. The first step is to apply a layer of plaster on the wall using a conventional wide spatula, and it is not necessary that it be perfectly even. Then it displays a relief in the form of semicircles, checkerboard lines or other patterns that you can come up with on your own.
	Another version of the relief available in reproduction for any creative person- This is an impression of a conventional plastic film on wet plaster applied to the wall. In this case, fantasy can also not be limited, since the film can be used unfolded or rolled into a roller, as well as simply crumpled it randomly. In addition, you can come up with your own version of the use of this material, since, achieving the desired pattern, you can safely experiment with a solution and a film.
	When removing the film, after it has been pressed against wet plaster, it will inevitably pull the mortar along with it, and as a result, peculiar relief protrusions are formed that can be smoothed with a spatula or trowel. Using this method of creating decorative plaster, you can use a tinted solution, or paint it after the wall dries after applying the relief.
	Quite popular for decorating both internal and external surfaces of walls is such a textured pattern as "bark beetle". For this, a special plaster composition is used, which includes hard stone fractions with a size of 1.5 ÷ 3 mm. Such a solution is applied using a metal trowel, and it can be distributed on the surface in different directions, depending on what relief is intended to be obtained. Rigid fractions when applying plaster leave furrows that mimic damage to the surface by insects. These in-depth stripes can be arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, in the form of a semicircle or whole circles - the direction of the relief pattern will depend on the preference of the master and the intended design.
	A frequently used tool for applying relief is a roller, which leaves a textured pattern on the surface of the wall. This method of recreating the volume can be used by any homeowner, even if he has never been engaged in plastering works. It is enough to purchase a roller with a relief you like on its rubber nozzle and leave an imprint on a fresh solution applied to the wall. The choice of nozzles is so great that they can be chosen for any, even the most sophisticated taste. If desired, the nozzle on the roller can be made independently, using for this piece of foam rubber, wound coarse rope, plastic wrap, fur, deep embossed fabric or other materials that can leave the desired impression on wet plaster.
	If it is planned to create the correct floral pattern on the walls, in the form of grass and leaves of various shapes and sizes, then a roller with such a pattern will have to be purchased ready-made. The work on decorating the walls using this technique takes place quite quickly, since there will be no failures in the process - the plaster mixture is applied and distributed on the surface with a spatula, and while it remains wet, it is passed over with a roller, which will leave the selected pattern on the surface.
	And this is a completely simple way that does not require special costs for the purchase of a tool for reproducing the relief. For the finishing process, a regular flat brush with soft or hard bristles is used, depending on how clear the pattern is to be obtained. The relief is recreated according to the same principle as when using a spatula with a notched comb - according to a fresh plaster mortar applied to the wall.
	Another technique of decorative plaster, which is not performed over the entire surface of the wall, but only in its individual areas. One of the above-described types of shallow relief can serve as a background for it. Panels are usually made from gypsum plaster. The composition is applied in slides to the marked area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall according to the drawing and left to dry. After drying, cutting tools are used - it can be a knife, cutters of various shapes and a spatula - with their help, the necessary forms are created. In addition to the incisors, you will need sandpaper with fine and medium grain, which smooths out the cut out elements of the three-dimensional pattern. In order not to spoil the wall, it is recommended to experiment by creating a small panel or its individual parts on a plywood sheet. Only after making sure that everything works out, you can proceed to reproduce the intended relief pattern on the wall.

In addition to those listed above, there are other items that can be used to create relief patterns on the surface of the wall. For this purpose, not only professional tools are widely used, but also improvised devices or even fragments of plants, for example, tree leaves or branches of various thicknesses.

Painting decorative plaster

As mentioned above, you can buy colored decorative plaster in hardware stores, but working with it is much more difficult, since it is necessary to reproduce all complex ones with one color. Therefore, most often a white plaster mixture is chosen, which, after final drying, is covered with selected shades, which significantly expands creative possibilities home master.

In addition to applying color to a finished relief wall, there is another technique for creating a colored surface. In this option, a certain color scheme is added to white plaster before it is applied, and then a relief on the wall is made from material of different shades. This is a fairly complex technique, and a professional artist or a person with the appropriate talent can handle it. Therefore, the most the best option remains the coloring of the finished relief.

Usually, water-based paints are used to paint decorative plaster, to which the desired color is added. It is recommended, when choosing a color, to make it one or two shades darker, since when the paint dries, it will brighten.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The most used technique when giving color to relief plaster is to cover it light tone, the selected shade. Such coloring will become unifying for the whole composition. The paint is applied to the entire plane using a roller, after squeezing it out on the ribbed surface of the paint tray. If the relief has a depth of more than 5 mm, then a long-haired roller is used to tint it, or especially deep fragments are tinted with a soft brush.
	The first paint layer is applied in one go, otherwise the coloring will turn out to be uneven. Therefore, if the paint is tinted on its own, it must be kneaded so much that it is enough for the first layer for all the walls in the room or at least for one wall, but always for its entire area. This is especially important if the surfaces will be painted in one color without additional shades and streaks. Staining is carried out different ways, depending on the depth of the relief and the desired end result.
	One of the options for uneven staining is done with a sponge. Then, on a still wet painted surface, they pass with a soft cloth or a dry sponge, barely touching the protruding elements of the relief. This execution technique is aimed at enhancing the “depth of space” of the relief not only with the help of volume, but also with the use of color play.
	This method of finishing decoration consists of two stages - painting and cleaning the protruding elements of the relief with sandpaper. In the first step, the entire area of ​​​​the walls is painted with a common color - this process can be carried out using a roller or spray gun. The second stage is done after the paint is completely dry. Fine-grained sandpaper is installed on a construction grater, after which this tool is passed along the protruding parts of the relief. In this way, paint is removed or lightened from the surface, thereby showing a three-dimensional pattern. If desired, the cleaned surfaces can be covered with paint close in tone to the main color, darker or lighter than it, depending on what effect you want to get. A light shade is usually chosen, as it visually increases the volume of the relief.
	A relief panel can only be done experienced master, but you can try to paint it yourself. However, you need to take into account the fact that this process is quite complicated and lengthy, since it will have to be done with thin brushes, so the work will take a lot of time. It is recommended to cover the finished plaster relief panel with a primer, dry it, and only then proceed to painting. You should not take pure bright colors, as the relief will not be visible behind them. Therefore, they are diluted to the state of shades of the selected color, or a certain amount of them is added to white paint.
	In this variant of painting decorative plaster, two colors are used - one is the main one, and the second is an auxiliary one, which will highlight the relief pattern. The work is carried out in two stages. First, the entire surface is covered with one, primary color. This process can be carried out with a roller, a wide brush or a spray gun. Then this layer should be well dried. The second stage consists in applying paint with tangential movements to the protruding parts of the relief with a soft brush, foam sponge or mittens worn on the hand. The applied paint should be thick enough, and the brush or sponge should be dry.

Video: an interesting example of painting a wall finished with embossed plaster

The final stage of work on decorative plaster is coating the walls with varnish or wax. This process must be carried out carefully, as by applying the final layer carelessly, you can spoil the whole work.

In conclusion, I would like to say that if there is little or no experience in performing decorative plastering, then it is not recommended to choose too complex design techniques. In the same case, when a specific drawing is selected and a decision is made to reproduce it on the wall at all costs, you should carefully study the instructions and practice on small area wall or plywood board.

Video: demonstration of various techniques for applying and decorating decorative plasters

"Versailles plaster": technology available to everyone - step by step

In the final section, as an example, the design of the wall with the so-called "Versailles plaster" will be considered. In the proposed finishing technology, instead of the plaster composition, two types of putty are used - starting and finishing, which allows you to save a decent amount on finishing. In addition, the advantage of this method of original decorative wall decoration is that even a novice master can do it. The main thing is to buy quality material and use it correctly.

In addition to two types of putty, to obtain desired result, you will need "Quartz-primer" for application to the wall under decorative cladding, which creates increased adhesion between materials, and also prevents the putty from drying too quickly. The presence of this material is a prerequisite for decorating a wall using this technology.

In order for the plaster layer to turn out to be aesthetic, it is necessary to purchase two more components, without which the desired effect will not work.

This is, firstly, a decorative coloring coating of the "Adagio Silver" type - on an acrylic binder, containing small metal particles of various shapes. Gives a very interesting iridescent effect, giving the wall a silky look.

Secondly, the so-called glitter is used, consisting of the smallest particles of a polyester film of various shapes. This component is also added to one of the decorative wall trim layers.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The first step is to knead the model mass, consisting of starting and finishing putty in a 1: 1 ratio. Mixing takes place as follows: Part of the starting and part of the finishing putty is poured into the container with water in turn, then the sequence is repeated, and so on until it is filled up right amount dry mix. If necessary, a little water is added to the bucket, and then the mass is mixed with a mixer nozzle. Further, the finished solution is left for 10 ÷ 12 minutes - this time is necessary for it to "ripen". After this time, the mass is mixed again until a homogeneous state. It should be very well mixed and have a consistency of medium density, that is, not very liquid, and not thick.
	The finished putty composition is applied to the prepared, leveled, treated with "Quartz-primer" and dried wall surface. If the mass is applied not from the ceiling, but below, along the broken line on the wall, then it is recommended to first stick masking tape on it, which will help keep the upper part of the wall clean and keep the upper border of the decorative finish even. Work starts from the top line. First of all, the putty mixture is distributed along the masking tape.
	The applied layer should have a thickness of 2÷3 mm. Particular attention should be paid to filling the joints of the planes, for example, if the putty will be applied from the ceiling line. The mixture is applied to the wall with a trowel, in a relatively even layer. This work can also be done with a spatula having a width of 300÷350 mm. It should be noted that in this finishing option, you don’t have to try too hard, leveling the solution to perfect smoothness, the main thing is that the material layer has the same thickness over the entire plane of the wall and is fairly even. The smoother the putty layer, the easier it will be to see the flaws in the relief pattern.
	An even facing layer is applied to a height of 1000÷1500 mm from the top down the wall. Then a relief pattern is formed on the wet putty. For this, a plastic trowel with a plate pointed in front is used - in shape it resembles an iron. Work starts from the corners or the top line of the wall. The master makes wave-like movements, stretching the mass, at the same time creating a chaotic pattern in the form of stripes going in different directions. With the help of a trowel, the mass, as it were, rises above the surface, creating a larger volume of decorative coating and leaving behind furrows of different widths, most often located diagonally on the surface. The convenience of creating a relief in this way is that the drawing applied to the solution can always be corrected if the master does not like it in some way.
	Having developed the first batch of putty, and having reached approximately the middle of the wall in height, the next portion of the mortar is made. During this time, the mass applied to the wall will already have time to grab. Therefore, many craftsmen have the problem of combining the plastered area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall with the already set mortar and the fresh, just mixed mass that will be applied below. The joint between the two areas of the wall should be completely invisible.
	In order for the merging to go smoothly and become completely invisible, a fresh solution is applied with an overlap on the already applied layer by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm, and then the overall layer is smoothed out. This process must be carried out along the entire line of the union of the two zones - the upper and lower.
	The overlap line must be smoothed out well, and then a general relief pattern should be applied to it.
	The embossing starts from the area where the drawing has already been applied. It turns out that it is, as it were, “picked up” with a trowel and extended to a uniformly applied unifying putty layer along its entire length.
	Combining the two zones of the wall, it is important to ensure that there are no deep dents or pronouncedly even stripes from the trowel on it. Such defects must be smoothed out and these areas should be given a general relief, since in these areas they will be especially noticeable. When working on the connecting line, it is recommended to step aside and inspect the work area from a distance. So you can more clearly identify the shortcomings and immediately correct them.
	Then, the model mass is applied to the entire lower part of the wall in an even layer, and a relief is formed on it, in exactly the same way. When the wall is completely covered with this primary layer of embossed putty, it is left to dry completely for two days.
	When the wall dries, a spatula is passed along its surface, with which it is necessary to clean the protruding sharp edges of the relief stripes, since they must be rounded.
	Then, the entire surface is processed with a construction grater, with sandpaper No. 60 installed on it. Grouting is carried out with a slight pressure, in a circular motion counterclockwise.
	After processing, a relief surface with smoothed protruding edges of the pattern should be obtained. An additional check of the surface, that is, its smoothness, can be made by running the palm of your hand over it. If untreated areas are found that scratch the palm, then this flaw must be corrected immediately. The treated surface must be thoroughly cleaned of putty dust - this process is done with a soft wide brush or brush.
	The next step is to treat the surface with a deep penetration primer. The soil is applied with a roller with a pile nozzle. The composition must be well distributed over the wall, collecting all the resulting smudges. This layer dries in 1.5÷2 hours.
	Next, it takes White paint water-based, a color scheme of the selected shade is added to it (in this case, the master used a beige dye), and the mass is well mixed until smooth. The paint should be applied easily and not be too thick, therefore, if necessary, the solution is diluted to the desired consistency with water. The relatively liquid composition of the paint, when applied to the wall, will become translucent, which, in combination with other layers of different shades, will create the illusion of space.
	The paint is first applied to the edge of the wall with a brush, and then the main part of the surface is tinted using a roller with a pile nozzle. It distributes the mass well over the relief surface, filling all the recesses of the pattern with paint, and when rolling out the composition, it collects its excess. As a result, the surface should be neat and evenly painted, without smudges. After the entire surface is covered with a tinting composition, it is left to dry completely. Water-based paint, applied in a thin layer, will dry for about two hours.
	Further, a composition made of a conventional primer and "silver" - the dye "Adagio Silver" is applied to the surface using a foam roller. The mixture is prepared in a 1:1 ratio, that is, in this case, the master took 250 × 250 grams of these materials. The resulting mixture should have a fairly thick consistency and not smudge at all. The mass is applied to the wall without pressure, so that only the upper protruding elements of the relief are covered with it. Recesses should not be painted with this composition.
	The mixture is gently rolled over the entire surface of the wall, highlighting the relief with color.
	Next, you will need to prepare a finishing composition that will transform the surface of the wall beyond recognition. It consists of a water-based varnish and a small amount of glitter. The varnish is diluted with water, in proportions of approximately 1: 3, and mixes well. The addition of water is necessary so that a hard uneven glossy crust does not form on the surface of the wall after it has been coated.
	A small amount of glitter is added to the varnish, about a tablespoon per 0.5 liter of composition. The solution is then thoroughly mixed by vigorous shaking. Before you start shaking, the lid of the container with the composition must be tightly closed.
	Further, the finished varnish composition is applied to the relief plaster using a foam roller and is well distributed by rolling over the wall surface. After completing this stage of work, the finish can be considered complete. It remains only to wait for the wall surface to dry, and then remove the masking tape limiting the wall.
	The last illustration shows the result of this enough long work above the wall decoration. But then, you see, the technology is not so complicated, and the resulting finish looks very original.

On the issue of wall decoration, those who want to save money are faced with the question of how to make decorative plaster with their own hands. It is not only fashionable, but also practical.

The main advantage of decorative finishes is breathability. Its indisputable advantage is that it allows you to hide all the irregularities of the wall. In case of contamination, it is easy to clean. Making plaster with your own hands is very simple. Having mastered several techniques for applying putty, you can achieve amazing results in the decoration of your home. The work done will satisfy every taste, decorate the room with made panels and compositions.

This type repair work is relatively cheap if doing everything with my own hands, buy only necessary materials for the composition of the plaster.

The walls must first be thoroughly cleaned of the old coating. Using the level, the evenness of the base is determined. If necessary, the surface is leveled by applying a layer of putty. After drying, it is primed. Now you can start applying the plaster.

Mixes for decorative work can be bought in the form ready solution in the shop. But it is best to use a do-it-yourself composition of dry putty. You can use a gypsum mixture, PVA glue. The composition should be diluted at the rate of 200 g of glue per 6 kg of gypsum with water in an amount of 2 liters.

A mixture for plaster is a pasty mass composed of a base and various fillers. For the first, ordinary dry putty is taken. It is cheaper, and on the basis of it you can independently prepare the desired composition. This method justifies itself with its economy. Dry putty is diluted in containers with water and gets to work.

Types of decorative plaster

Depending on the effect that will be obtained after plastering, and the components used when mixing the composition, the following types of plaster are distinguished:

• structural (with additions);
• textured (to obtain a smooth coating);
• Venetian (to create effects of antiquity).
• flock plaster

Structural plaster

Structural plaster is made on the basis of a cement-lime composition (mineral base) and synthetic latexes with the addition of granular elements:

• pebbles;
• granules;
• wood fibre.

For interior decoration, it is more convenient to use water-based structural plaster. Its distinctive feature is that it is more hygienic, does not leave a smell. The plasticity of the composition makes it convenient to apply such a plaster. It is sold ready-made, it does not need to be diluted, the consistency has the necessary concentration. Under structural plaster, it is not necessary to level the walls thoroughly, because it will hide all its defects after application to the surface. The main condition is that it be dry and clean. Before plastering work, be sure to prime the wall, dry it. After that, you need to apply the composition with a spatula on the surface with a thin layer. After 3 days, the plaster will dry out, but the final hardening will be achieved only after a week. Therefore, during this time, you need to be careful not to damage the plaster.

Textured plaster

With the help of textured plaster, it is possible to create a relief surface of the wall with an imitation of some material: burnt paper, wood, stone. Certain methods of applying the composition are used. The basis of the plaster is a lime mixture. Wood fibers, granite, marble, quartz chips are added as fillers. Use as a basis polymer materials allows you to create a more stable relief coating that will not crack. How to make textured plaster with your own hands?

Before applying the coating, the wall surface must be prepared. To do this, it is primed, a layer of paint with sand is applied to better bond the plaster to the base. Then a thin layer is applied with a spatula. Depending on the intended pattern, the number of layers may be more. It should be noted that the more layers, the thinner the coating thickness. Putty mass can be bought ready-made in the store, but it is better to do it yourself. Dry putty powder must be diluted with water and mixed. You can immediately add paint to the solution to obtain color in a ratio of 1:10, or after applying the plaster, apply a layer of paint with a brush, roller or sponge. The second option is preferable to achieve the effect of uneven coloring.

If a filler composition is used for plastering, it should be noted that the larger the filler grains, the more putty composition is required for work. It depends on what kind of drawing will be done. Rough terrain requires the choice of a large filler.

The texture of the decorative surface can be given with various tools. A striped texture can be created with a brush, spatula. Here you can show your imagination by making movements on the surface. To repeat the pattern, it is convenient to use a stamp or applicator. If, after applying the plaster, rub it with a plastic trowel, you can achieve such effects as “rain”, “lamb”, “carpet”.

"Rain" is formed when making movements up and down. By changing the angle of inclination diagonally, you can get an oblique rain. “Lamb” is performed in a circular motion, during which circular grooves are formed, resembling lamb hair. The “carpet” comes out after alternating transverse and longitudinal movements.

Before painting, the plaster should be allowed to dry for a day. On the dried layer of the coating, apply a layer of paint with a brush or roller. The advantage of this method over tinting is that after this operation, the surface can be leveled with sandpaper.

To give the surface the effect of dark grooves, you must first go through a layer of darker paint on the wall, let it dry. And then apply a light layer of paint on top with a semi-dry roller. You will get spectacular dark grooves.

In order to fix the color, to prevent the surface from staining clothes, you need to cover the plaster with a layer of varnish.

Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster allows you to create the effect of marble stone with the help of a transparent composition made from marble flour. It is made on the basis of lime and water emulsion. This finish requires a perfectly flat wall surface. But the effect of creating a marble mosaic exceeds all expectations. The marble surface made in this way is distinguished by its beautiful appearance, water resistance, and wear resistance.

How to make decorative plaster yourself so that it looks like marble? To do this, you need to clean the surface of the wall, level it, apply a special primer. Add the color scheme of the desired color to the plaster mass, stir and apply with a spatula to the surface in several thin layers. Sand the dry surface in a circular motion. Clean with a dry cloth from small particles. Apply a layer of wax on top with a damp sponge. It must be rubbed until a flat surface is indicated. This is a laborious process that requires patience and care so as not to erase the drawing.

Flock - plaster

The method involves creating a surface with the effect of velor, leather, wood, stone by spraying small particles. Initially, the wall is painted. After the paint has dried, a layer of glue is applied with a roller. And while the glue is not dry, you need to apply particles to the wall with a spray gun. The operation is carried out in tandem with a partner: one applies glue, the second sprays the particles with slow circular movements. Excess should be removed with a brush after drying. Finally, the surface is varnished.

The simplest and most affordable tools for creating drawings are a spatula, roller, brushes, stencil, ordinary cellophane. The stripes are created with a notched trowel.

With the help of a roller, the effect of fluffy velor is created, for this it is enough to walk with the roller 1 time. How to make plaster to get unusual effects? To do this, you can use a variety of improvised items.

Unusual colorful effects are obtained by rubbing movements with cellophane. You can create an unusual pattern with a sponge. It takes diligence and maximum imagination to get a beautiful decorative plaster.

The final step for all types of plaster is to apply paint with a brush or roller and coat with varnish so that the surface is reliably protected and the paint lasts longer. Covering walls with decorative plaster is not as difficult a process as it seems. You just need to know the sequence of work. And to create beautiful walls it is not at all necessary to call the masters. After studying the training material, you can cope with this task on your own. Each master creates a unique look of the room. Do-it-yourself decorative plaster in the interior gives freedom of creative imagination and maximum conditions for the implementation of a wide variety of ideas. There is a wide choice of materials for plaster works.

- one of the most sought-after materials in modern repairs, but the high cost of ready-made mixtures makes us look for alternative ways to implement the idea. And it should be noted that home craftsmen managed to invent several successful compositions in which do-it-yourself decorative plaster prepared is in no way inferior to the highest quality ready-made solutions.

The article will discuss how to make decorative plaster yourself, what components will be needed for this, in what proportions, how home-made compositions for interior and exterior work differ. We will also offer several recipes and cooking methods and.

Decorative plaster is one of the spectacular ways do-it-yourself interior decoration

The composition of decorative plaster

Decorative plaster is profitable, beautiful, practical, the coating is environmentally friendly and maintainable. There are many techniques for applying the composition, which allows you to create. If necessary, color can be added to some compositions, and surfaces always - this is a weighty argument in choosing a material when implementing various ones. Look at several ways how decorative plaster is made with your own hands, video tutorials will tell you interesting ideas for surface decoration.

To understand how to make decorative plaster with your own hands, you need to understand the composition of the material. In fact, the basic component of the mixture is a binder: cement, gypsum, lime, putty, silicate glass, silicone, acrylic and even clay.

Volumetric drawings can be created using a stencil

To give the material decorative characteristics, various components are mixed into the composition:

• To mineral, and cement - sand, stone chips or flour, small particles of minerals, fragments of shells, etc.
• To polymers based on acrylic resin, to organosilicon (silicate) or silicone - synthetic fillers that give the coating the effect of leather, suede, silk, wood texture, as well as stone chips, which allows you to create integral surfaces (without joints and seams), as if carved from natural stone.

The volume is achieved by applying layers in several stages

For viscosity, good adhesion and elasticity, plasticizers are added to the composition; at home, PVA glue is most often used.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the materials on how to make decorative plaster, the video tells you how to do it yourself.

Important: Almost all decorative plasters have a white, beige or grayish tint, therefore it is necessary to select a pigment for silicate, acrylic and silicone, and for mineral ones.

Decorative plaster recipes that you can cook at home

We have already dealt with the composition of decorative plaster, each of the components can be bought at a hardware store or collected in nature. It is important to properly prepare natural materials with your own hands: sand, stone chips, particles of shells - rinse, sift to dry, try to use fractions from 0.7 to 3 mm, if clay or lime is used, then soak them and rub through a sieve.

Watch how Venetian decorative plaster is made from putty with your own hands, a video tutorial on how to turn ordinary putty into an exquisite decor.

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster from ordinary putty

The simplest and most budgetary do-it-yourself decorative plaster for interior work is an ordinary putty: fine, thin - for relief coatings with strokes, coarse-grained - for a pronounced, but not flashy structure such as bark beetle. To make it stronger, more elastic, hold tighter and easier to apply to the wall, PVA glue or a deep penetration primer is added to it in a ratio of 2.5-6% by weight (the higher the percentage, the stronger the finishing layer, but it dries much longer).

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster, in the photo is a textured pattern, decorated with 2 types: washing and patination

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster from ordinary 3 mm putty, and after the top layer has set, it is textured with improvised materials (crumpled paper, polyethylene, sponges), purchased stamps (usually for brick or masonry) or rollers with various patterns. The relief pattern is applied with a small soft spatula, with chaotic strokes.

Another way to apply decorative plaster with your own hands from ordinary putty is to first lay the first, smooth layer, it will serve as a background, when it dries, it must be sanded and preferably covered with primer. Next, a stencil is applied and an additional convex layer, a three-dimensional pattern, is made on it. Look nice here vegetable patterns: bunches of grapes, climbing plants and geometric ornaments. After drying, sharp edges, for naturalness, are processed with a thin abrasive, after which the surface is crumbled, and the decor is processed manually with colored paints, patina, gilding, and other decorating techniques.

Surface textured to look like natural stone

For your information: The thickness of the convex pattern should not exceed 3-5 mm, thicker decor will crack over time.

We offer a way to make decorative plaster with your own hands, the video tells you step by step how to make textured waves.

Homemade composition of decorative plaster

If for some reason it is expensive for you to buy ready-made putty, we offer a completely simple composition of do-it-yourself polymer-adhesive decorative plaster. Would need:

• PVA glue - 800 g;
• 5% solution of CMC - carboxymethyl cellulose, powdery material, used for wallpapering - 2000 g, soaked according to the manufacturer's instructions indicated on the package;
• 10% solution of laundry soap, grate and soak in water, stir to a homogeneous consistency, until a thick gel:
• Chalk powder (calcium carbonate) - 6500 g, can be replaced with gypsum.

The components are combined and kneaded with a drill with a mixing nozzle to a pasty state. Apply to the wall as described above. Such home-made decorative putty plaster dries for a very long time.

The master class on the next video will tell you several ways how decorative putty plaster is textured, video tutorials will help you choose right tool for the required invoice.

A few more recipes on how to prepare decorative plaster, with explanations

Composition for interior work:

• River sand, washed, sifted - 3 hours, it can be quarry, but it should be soaked to wash off clay impurities;
• Satengips - ready-made dry gypsum thin putty with mineral additives - 3 hours;
• Fugenfüller - ready-made dry gypsum mixture with polymer additives - 1 hour, for moisture resistance and strength of decorative plaster.

The ingredients are mixed dry, closed with water and thoroughly mixed.

The next mixture that can be imitated consists of soil and satengypsum. We take a deep penetration primer that increases adhesion and improves moisture resistance, suitable types that do not form an impermeable film are aqueous dispersions of a synthetic polymer. We dilute the soil with water 2 to 1. Gradually add satengypsum, knead, you should get a pasty consistency. The solution needs to stand for several minutes and knead again to remove air from the mixture.

Methods for texturing decorative plaster from ordinary putty

Good to know: If in the composition of decorative plaster, then when applying the mixture with metal objects, dark stripes may remain.

From any ready-made with additives that you can buy in a store, you can safely prepare decorative plaster by closing the composition with water and adding PVA glue to the mixture. In fact, a thick solution is obtained, applied with a spatula, depending on the application methods, various relief coatings are obtained.

Below is a video tutorial on how to make a do-it-yourself roller for decorative plaster.

For wet rooms, you can prepare decorative plaster from tile adhesive. It is diluted according to the recipe on the package, applied to the surface in a thin layer, and then textures are drawn using templates or improvised items. Usually imitate stone or brickwork, smooth the pattern, you can give naturalness with a brush dipped in water.

Good to know: For outdoor work, to decorate the plinth or facade, a cement-sand mortar is used instead of glue.

A simple way of decorative exterior plaster

It is even easier to do outdoor decorative plaster with your own hands, the usual one is kneaded here. Lime in mortar facade works can only be added in regions with a dry climate, where the humidity does not exceed 65%. The larger the sandstone fraction, the more structural the surface will be.

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster is prepared in the proportion: 1 hour of portland cement (preferably white) not lower than M 400 to 3 hours of sand, the dry components are mixed and mixed with water until the consistency of medium-density sour cream.

The secret of decorativeness in the method of applying the solution to the surface is spraying, it is better to do this with a pulverizer or with your own hands with a brush (brush) with long bristles. The result is a fur coat.

To create a do-it-yourself drawing like a rain (bark beetle), they knead the cement-sand mortar with their own hands in a ratio of 1: 3, add another part of the coarse-grained components - grains of marble, shells, onyx, shut it with water until the consistency of thick sour cream so that the finished mixture does not drain from trowel.

For facades, the texture of a fur coat and bark beetle is most often used, the relief is achieved by adding grain of a large fraction

Such decorative plaster is applied by hand on the surface with a grater, with a layer thickness equal to the grain size of the filler. When the solution has seized, with the same grater dipped in water, rub the layer with your own hands vertically or diagonally, pressing the tool tightly against the surface, under pressure, the grain draws grooves in the smooth surface, forming a texture.

In conclusion, see how to make decorative plaster from putty, in the video exterior finish DIY with 3D effect.

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Wall decoration with decorative plaster is now gaining great popularity. This option during repairs has become a serious competitor to conventional wallpaper. Exists different types plasters for interior decoration. The main difference is the texture and method of application.

Types of decorative plaster can be as follows:

• structural, which contains inclusions of a certain size;
• textured, which allows you to form a smooth relief surface;
• Venetian, imitating marble.

Before applying decorative plaster, you need to carefully study the features of each option and the application technology.

Structural

Methods for applying decorative plaster to obtain a structure involve the use of heterogeneous granular compositions. A variety of material is obtained by adding small pebbles, fragments of quartz, wood fibers, etc. to the plaster. Finishing material is made on the basis of cement and limestone. Synthetic latexes or silicates are also added to the composition. It is better to select the composition from ready-made mixtures. This is the only way to achieve good results. If you mix the components yourself, a good result is not guaranteed.

For cooking quality plaster it is better to use ready mixes

Wall decoration with textured plaster is easier if you use compositions on aqueous solvents. This is due to the fact that before applying decorative plaster with your own hands, you do not have to “evacuate” the residents of the apartment. The water-based material does not have a strong odor.

Wall decoration with plaster of this type is easy. This is justified by the high plasticity of the material and its obedience during work. The technology of applying decorative plaster is simple and convenient. Work can be done immediately. There is no need to prepare the mixture, since it is already sold in liquid form in jars or buckets.

With the help of decorative plaster, you can create any structure of different shades.

The application technique is as follows:

• It is necessary to prepare materials and tools for decorative plaster. For the structural composition, you will need a roller, trowel or spatula.
• Before laying decorative plaster, you need to prepare the surface. A perfectly flat base is not required. The thickness of the plaster layer and its structure can hide small defects. First, the surface is cleaned of dirt, dust and grease. After that, the bulges are knocked down and large cracks and potholes are covered up.
• A clean and dry base is strengthened with a primer. With it, decorative paints and plasters will adhere better to the surface. Such a layer also prevents the exchange of moisture between the base and the finishing material. The application of decorative plaster with your own hands can only be started after the primer for the walls has completely dried.
• The principle of the work performed is suitable for all compositions: on a mineral, silicone or silicate basis. Plastering is carried out with a trowel or spatula in one layer. The coating is applied to the wall in circular or rectilinear movements.
• After application, the layer must be allowed to dry. At the same time, it is necessary to control that the room maintains a constant temperature and humidity, there are no drafts. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to a deterioration in the quality of the decorative layer, the appearance of cracks.

To apply the composition and create a structure, use a roller or spatula

Do-it-yourself structural decorative wall plastering is perfect for finishing common areas, such as a hallway, kitchen or corridor. In some interiors, it can harmoniously fit into the space of a bedroom or living room.

Before starting work, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions. It indicates a more specific application technique and how to use the material correctly.

Textured

The method of applying decorative plaster with your own hands allows you to get the original texture. The boundary between textured and structural plasters is quite arbitrary. Methods for applying the composition in question make it possible to obtain complex options. For example, imitation of wood, crumpled paper, natural stone.

imitation stone

The option is suitable for almost any room. The implementation of textured decorative plaster allows you to support any design.

Most often, lime flour is introduced into the composition as the main ingredient. But you can also find polymer-based plasters. Polymers improve performance. Such a composition does not crack when dried. In work, polymers allow you to create a more embossed and interesting pattern.

Finishing properties largely depend on fillers. Fibers of different materials, crumbs of granite or marble are introduced into the textured solution. The consumption of decorative plaster largely depends on the complexity of the selected pattern.

Textured plaster can be chosen for any design

How decorative textured plaster is applied:

• Before you can properly apply the solution, you will need to prepare the base. The inner surface is treated in all cases in almost the same way. Here the requirements are the same as for the structural composition: the absence of pollution and strong irregularities.
• Before working with decorative plaster, you need to cover the wall with a primer. This layer must be allowed to dry.
• After priming, a base paint is used, which is applied with a brush. On sale there are compositions that combine two functions: a primer and a substrate. They are worth buying to reduce time costs and simplify the process.
• Decorative wall plaster, the application technology of which involves the use of a spatula, trowel or brush, is laid in 1-2 layers. The thickness depends on the complexity of the relief. The more interesting it is, the more solution will be required. It is not recommended to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 20 mm at a time.
• Master class on decorative plaster worth finishing finishing layer. As such a composition, transparent paints are used, which are also called glazing. They not only protect the surface, but also give it a pleasant pearly sheen. Options for applying decorative plaster can also consider using paint, impregnation or special wax as a final layer.

Decorative plaster, with the pros and cons of which you should read separately, will give the premises a complete and unique look. The advantage of this composition lies in the high plasticity and the ability to impart finished surface rather complex structure. But the medal also has back side: difficulty of application. Getting the original drawing is not so easy. You may first have to take a master class on applying decorative plaster from an experienced craftsman.

This will help you understand how to properly and efficiently plaster. brick walls inside the house and surfaces from other materials.

Venetian

This type of decorative plaster for interior work allows you to get an imitation of marble. The texture is very beautiful. The material is perfect for almost any room.

imitation marble

The composition is sold in ready-made liquid form. The mass of a can or bucket is usually from 7 to 25 kg. The plaster includes marble flour and slaked lime. An aqueous emulsion is used, which avoids an unpleasant odor during application.

Before plastering brick walls, they will need to be leveled. It is possible to apply decorative plaster on the walls only after the base is perfect. This type of material does not suffer from shortcomings. This is the difficulty of working with Venetian plaster.

If necessary, the solution can be painted in any color. With such plaster with your own hands, you can create amazing mosaics or whole paintings. Also, the benefits include environmental friendliness and safety. The composition is suitable even for the bedroom. The surface is fireproof and wear-resistant. After application, the layer dries fairly quickly.

Venetian plaster allows you to finish the walls like marble

A decorative technique training might look like this:

• First you need to prepare materials and tools for applying decorative plaster. Here you will need a medium-sized spatula and sandpaper with very small particles.
• After cleaning the surface, proceed to leveling the base. It must be perfect. First of all, get rid of chips. After that, you need to align the cracks and depressions with cement-sand mortar or putty. For maximum elimination of defects, a leveling layer of plaster based on Portland cement is applied. The thickness of the layer is assigned depending on the severity of the base defects. On average, 20 mm will be enough. Evenness is controlled using the beacon rule. To do this, before starting work, special strips are installed on the wall with a certain step. Another option for leveling is drywall sheets.
• The leveling layer must be allowed to dry. After that, you can apply a primer. It will allow the finishing material to better grab the wall.
• Venetian plaster is tinted before application. After that, they take a spatula and begin to apply the mass to the base with thin strokes. The entire surface needs to be treated. If necessary, the solution is applied in several layers. The maximum thickness in one application cannot exceed 12 mm.
• Allow time to dry after application. It is important to control the temperature and humidity conditions. Close doors and windows to prevent drafts. Violation of this rule will lead to the fact that when drying, cracks may appear on the surface.
• When the surface is dry, start cleaning. This will require sandpaper. The work is done in a circular motion. Everything must be done very carefully.
• The last step is protection. Finished layer should be covered with special white wax in one layer.

The technique of finishing with Venetian plaster involves applying the mass in small strokes.

Which is better?

There is no exact answer to this answer. Each case must be considered separately. In one case, the plaster will be better structural, and in the other textured. The choice should be made depending on the interior of the room. But at the same time, it is worth considering the experience of the master and his skill. Before choosing a decorative plaster, you need to objectively assess your capabilities. For example, such an option as a Venetian coating is not for everyone.

Creation of the texture of marble chips

Application on ceilings

When renovating your home, you need to take care of more than just the walls. Performing work on the ceiling is more labor intensive. Here you have to constantly raise your head, which can be very tiring.. The general principle is practically the same as the technology for walls.

The thickness of the plaster layer on the ceiling is 5 mm

There is only one difference. If on the wall the maximum layer thickness for the structural and texture mixture is 20 mm, then on the ceiling it is reduced to 5 mm. To level the base, it is recommended to use drywall, and not special compounds.

For finishing walls and ceilings are used special types plasters, which are distinguished by an unusual, more attractive appearance than simple ones. They are called decorative, the disadvantage is the relatively high price. But you can do it yourself from inexpensive components, for example, from ordinary putty.

By appearance distinguish:

• Venetian. They form a perfectly smooth surface. Require the most thorough application, preferably experience with such coatings. Can .
• Structural. They create a relief due to various fillers (stone chips, etc.).
• Textured. They are applied in a special way using special tools (stamps, rollers, etc.), due to which an original relief is obtained: a fur coat, bark beetle, aging effect, craquelure, etc.

It is easy to do the following types on your own:

• Cement-sand.
• Gypsum.
• Cement under a natural stone.
• Venetian.
• To create a textured surface.

Recipes for the preparation of plaster mixtures

1. Cement-sand.

Production order:

• Mix cement, sand and slaked lime in a ratio of 1:2:1.
• Add liquid glass, approximately 5% of the total volume.
• After thoroughly mixing the components, gradually pour in water until the desired consistency is obtained. Ready mix should not run off the spatula and be too thick. To mix it yourself with high quality, it is more convenient to use a drill with a special nozzle or a construction mixer.

For structural decorative plaster, the prepared mortar is mixed with stone chips (no more than 70% of the volume).

2. Plaster.

For finishing walls and ceilings in rooms not exposed to high humidity. If for some reason they have to be used in the kitchen or bathroom, then the surface is treated with a water repellent.

First option:

• Mix slaked lime with water in a ratio of 3:1 and leave for a day.
• Mix lime dough with gypsum, also in a ratio of 3: 1.
• Gradually add water until the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained.
• If desired, add color to the composition.

• Prepare lime dough as described in the first option.
• Mix gypsum with it in a ratio of 3.5: 1.
• Add liquid glass (stationary silicate glue) in an amount equal to approximately 5% of the mass of the decorative mixture.
• Dilute with water.

3. Cement under natural stone.

From inexpensive available materials, you can cook yourself structural plasters with a crumb of natural stone.

Proportions (in volume parts):

Components	white marble	yellow marble	Red granite	Gray granite
Cement M400	1	1	1	1
Marble chips	3	3	3	3
marble flour	0,5	0,25	—	—
ground mica	0,5	0,5	0,5	0,5
lime dough	0,5	0,25	0,1	0,1
Pigment	—	ocher 5%	minium iron 10%	manganese dioxide 5%

Lime dough is prepared in the same way as for gypsum plaster.

4. For textured coating.

Must have special properties that allow you to form patterns on it.

First option:

• Mix cement with tile adhesive in a ratio of 5:1.
• Add plasticizer Rotband in the amount of 1% by weight of cement.
• Pour in water, mix.

• 6 kg of finished dry gypsum putty diluted with 1.5 liters of water.
• Pour 200 g of PVA glue into 0.5 l of water, mix thoroughly.
• Combine diluted mixture with glue.

Gypsum-based finishing putty plaster is only suitable for finishing dry rooms (you can learn about the difference between putty and plaster from).

5. Venetian.

With the help of this type, a natural stone (primarily marble) coating with a special effect of internal glow is created on the walls. They differ in translucency, comparative complexity of application. After drying, they are treated with wax.

The composition includes:

• stone flour or very fine crumbs of marble, granite, quartz, malachite, onyx;
• slaked lime or finishing putty;
• dye natural or artificial.

There are several recipes for preparing the mixture according to the Venetian method. First option:

• Mix stone chips and slaked lime in equal proportions.
• Add water until the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained.
• Add pigment, if desired, antiseptic components.

Second option:

• Usual finishing putty mix with marble flour in a ratio of 10:1.
• Add water.
• Enter color.

Third (for 10 kg):

• Prepare 1 kg of lime dough.
• Mix 7 kg of fine marble chips with 1.3 kg of marble flour.
• Add 700 g of white Portland cement.
• Combine the resulting composition with lime dough.

Theoretically, the components of the mixtures can be combined in other proportions, depending on the material of the walls and the desired result, but for those who do not have work experience, these ratios are recommended to be observed. To give additional properties, mother-of-pearl, sparkles are added.

Surface preparation for finishing with decorative plaster

Step-by-step instruction:

• If the floor in the room is already finished, then you need to cover it with cardboard or film. Take out the furniture, protect the remaining heavy objects with polyethylene.
• If there is a layer old plaster- remove it with a perforator. Clean off whitewash, wallpaper, paint with a scraper.
• Treat the plane with a hard steel brush, sandpaper or a grinder with a roughing wheel.
• Remove generated debris.
• Rinse the wall with a damp sponge (if necessary with soap) and dry.
• Fill any cracks and crevices with putty.
• Plumb to check the verticality of the walls, align the starting plaster.

1. Primer.

To obtain a strong adhesion to the surface, it is recommended to pre-treat them with a primer. It is selected according to the material of the walls, taking into account the nature of the room. Walkthrough:

• Wear protective gloves.
• Pour primer into container and shake.
• Spread evenly with a medium bristled roller or sprayer. Use a brush on the corners.
• If necessary, apply another layer after 3-4 hours.

It will take at least 24 hours to dry completely.

2. Plastering.

• Starting (spray) layer. It is made from ordinary cement-sand or gypsum plaster. The thickness, depending on the material of the walls, is 3-9 mm.
• Ground (levelling). If a significant deviation from the vertical is found, visible irregularities, then it is necessary to apply several times. Thickness for cement-sand mixture- 9-12 mm, for plaster - 7-8 mm.
• Finishing (cover). It is it that is made from decorative compositions, the thickness is 2-4 mm.

If the walls are loose, crumbling, then the soil is applied to the reinforcing mesh, it is sunk in the spray. In the most difficult cases, it is permissible to level the walls with drywall mounted on a metal frame.

3. Spray and primer.

The procedure for applying the starting and leveling layers for decorative plaster with your own hands:

• Fix beacon profiles on small portions of the mixture.
• Close the corners with special perforated corners, cutting them off at 45 degrees from above. For fixing, the corners are pressed in, the excess that appears through the holes is removed.
• Check the position of the beacons and corners with a level.
• Moisten the surface with a spray gun.
• Throw the composition with a spatula from below, gradually moving up. Quickly align with the rule, leading it in zigzag movements along the beacons.
• A day after laying the first layer, check how dry it is. The surface of the fresh coating should only crumble slightly. Start applying the second one, make the solution for it more liquid.
• After complete drying, there should be no visible defects. On fresh soil, make notches for better adhesion to the finish.

Application of decorative plasters (step by step instructions)

1. Structural.

Procedure:

• Apply with a wide spatula, then stretch over the entire surface.
• After 12 hours, the entire finished plane is treated with a plastic trowel with chaotic movements. Grains of stone chips or other filler, distributed under the pressure of the trowel, make furrows that give the coating a natural texture.
• A day after plastering with a finishing layer, a primer is applied under the paint.
• After another 4 hours, stain.
• After the first layer of paint has dried, a second layer is applied, lighter by 1-2 tones.
• The dried last layer is varnished or waxed. If the first one was used, then after the work is done, airing will be required.

2. Textured.

Create using various rollers with patterns, stamps, brushes. Relief options - bark beetle, fur coat, craquelure, aging effect, etc. It is impossible to completely push through the solution, at least 1.5 mm is left to adhere to the ground layer, otherwise the decorative coating will peel off after drying. Therefore, the total thickness should be at least 3 mm, the depth of the pattern - from 1.5 mm or more.

Procedure:

• Apply plaster over the leveling layer.
• Without waiting for it to harden, start making a drawing with the selected device.
• A day later, a primer is applied under the paint.
• After another two days, paint the trimmed planes.
• Apply wax over dried paint.

Using stencils, you can create various original textures from simple putty.

3. Venetian.

Apply in 2-10 layers, the depth and brightness of the glow effect depend on their number.

Procedure:

• Apply the base (can be putty) in the same way as ordinary plaster. Throw small portions on the wall and rub. If more than 3 layers are planned, then the starting layer is usually not translucent. In this case, it can not be painted. If there are few layers, then depending on what kind of background you want to get as a result (white or color), the base is often tinted.
• The second and all subsequent ones are applied with chaotic movements using a special trowel for Venetian plaster. Strokes are performed in such a way that they cover the edges of the previous ones and traces of touches with the edge of the tool. The whole essence of technology lies in the disorder of lines and shapes, as in natural marble.
• After drying (after 1-10 hours, depending on the quality), grout with a dry trowel. All irregularities must be smoothed out.
• Thus, apply several very thin layers, allowing each to dry. As a result, darker areas appear through translucent strokes, in places where the solution is placed more densely.
• The final layer is applied with a thin metal spatula in a special way, the technique is called “on a sdir”. The coating is almost transparent. A small amount is collected on a spatula, pressed against the wall and the solution is collected back.
• After 20-50 minutes iron is produced. This is grouting with a dry metal Venetian trowel. It should be without the slightest defect, scratches. Processing is carried out in a circular motion, in the process of doing the work, a pattern and shine appear. The edges of the trowel do not touch the plaster, ironing is carried out only with a flat surface of the tool.
• In dry rooms, the next step is optional, and in the bathroom and kitchen, the walls are additionally covered with wax - natural beeswax for gloss or synthetic for dullness.