Which septic tank to choose: rating of the best wastewater treatment plants. How to choose a septic tank for a private house: what are the types, principles of operation Which septic tank is better for a country house
Living in a country house allows not only to take a break from the bustle of the city, but also to enjoy nature, clean air, and find peace. But so that nothing interferes with a good rest, you have to take care of arranging the benefits of civilization - plumbing, electricity and sewerage, isn't it?
Are you trying to figure out how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence, so as not to overpay and not miscalculate? We will help you in this matter - our article discusses the types of septic tanks, their structural and functional differences. Indeed, in order to select the optimal utilizer, it is desirable to get acquainted with existing options.
Manufacturers of sewer equipment offer the most various options designed to make life easier.
Among the equipment options there are both simple and inexpensive models, as well as rather complex biological wastewater treatment plants.
It is quite difficult to choose one thing, especially if the owner of the dacha faced this issue for the first time.
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In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewerage line, the owners country houses you have to take care of the arrangement of local wastewater treatment systems. Help with this without affecting environment, maybe septic tanks. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about whether to choose.
The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.
- A septic tank with post-treatment carried out in the soil is a fairly simple option for treating wastewater. Such stations are formed by 1 or 2 reservoirs, in which large particles are deposited and pollutants are decomposed without oxygen. The degree of purification in anaerobic devices is not very high, water cannot be discharged into the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to equip a soil post-treatment stage, where the remnants of contaminants will linger in the filter bed.
- A feature of biological aerobic treatment plants is an additional stage of wastewater treatment by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. To do this, a compressor is built into the septic tank, which pumps air.
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
On the market are ready-made options various companies, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. Material, along with construction and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
These data confirm the need to define personal criteria when looking for the best septic tank for a summer residence. In addition to the above information, you should pay attention to the following data:
- Real volume of drains (normal/maximum).
- The possibility of careful maintenance, ensuring uninterrupted power supply.
- Proposed method of installation (independent / with the help of specialists).
- Ground water level.
- The thickness of the earth layer above the hull and the corresponding loads.
- Ease of passage of equipment for the extraction of accumulated effluents.
Important! The best septic tank performs its functions without unnecessary difficulties and high operating costs. For an accurate assessment, all significant factors are analyzed in combination.
Regardless of the specific form (drawing with dimensions, or a set of documentation in accordance with GOST), the materials must contain information not only about the septic tank. They indicate the number and parameters of straight pipes and other fittings, hoses and hatches for. Electric actuators are equipped with overheating and surge protection devices. Submersible supplement with convenient lifting devices for inspection and repair.
After a thorough study of all the nuances of the project, they make the necessary adjustments to the equipment requirements. Make an accurate list of the main components of the system and add-ons, building materials, tools. This work will help clarify the amount of future financial and labor costs.
Related article:
The article tells how to make . Description of building requirements supplemented with overviews effective technologies and finished models with characteristics and prices. This information will help to implement the project quickly, with reasonable costs.
The current rating of the best septic tanks for a country house
To determine which better septic tank to give, the current rating is supplemented by consumer reviews. Useful data on warranty, operating instructions.
Topas
A significant advantage of this brand is the specialized production of various treatment facilities:
| Model | Productivity, (m3 per day) / Permissible volume of one-time discharge (m3) | price, rub. | Notes | |
 Topas-S4 | 0,8/125 | 95 x 97 x 2.5/215 | 78500-86500 | Compact system with one compressor. |
 Topas 4 PR | 0,8/175 | 88 x 97 x 260/225 | 95200-108900 | Equipped with two compressors for active aeration of the compartment with aerobic microorganisms. |
 Topas 8 Long OL | 3/1025 | 230 x120 x310/715 | 251000-268800 | Installation to meet large needs (up to 15 users). Such equipment is suitable for equipping large real estate objects. |
 Topol-Eco TOPAS-S 8 Pr | 1,3/- | — | 110900-115300 | Equipment for deep cleaning with five working chambers. Energy independent execution. |
For your information! On the official website, you can buy a Topas septic tank inexpensively from the manufacturer. The price in the price list is not increased by the profit of intermediaries, so you can count on quite reasonable offers.
On a separate request, the company creates treatment facilities complex type, specialized sets:
- In the line "Toplos" modifications are presented:
- "Aqua" - for cleaning liquid from open reservoirs;
- "KM" - container type installation;
- "FL" - equipment for the detention of organic matter.
- Cleaning of fatty impurities will be performed by Toppolium.
- The Toprain kit is designed to equip gas stations and car workshops.
With the help of the above products and other products of this company, it is possible to solve specific tasks at a reasonable cost. When selling, the price with a turnkey installation includes delivery and installation. This data will help clarify the amount of real investment.
Tank
Treatment facilities under this trademark are produced by Triton Plastic. Currently, this company offers the following range of country septic tanks Tank. The price in the table is as of August 2017:
| Model series "Tank" | Productivity, (cubic meters per day) | Length x Width x Height (cm) / Weight (kg) | The price of one / three products, rub. |
 1
| 0,6 | 120 x 100 x 170/85 | 22700/17000 |
 2
| 0,8 | 180 x 120 x 170/130 | 32800/27500 |
 2,5
| 1 | 203 x 120 x 185/140 | 37900/32500 |
 3
| 1,2 | 220 x 120 x 200/150 | 44700/39500 |
 4
| 1,8 | 360 x 100 x 170/228 | 59000/54000 |
For your information! If you choose a septic tank, owner reviews should be studied with a duration of operating experience of at least several seasons. This will allow you to obtain objective information, take into account in economic calculations recurring additional costs.
The manufacturer gives the following advantages of products in this series:
- Their design is well developed in practice, taking into account the opinions of real users.
- This equipment performs its functions without power consumption and associated operating costs.
- It can be installed in any soil.
- We allow installation without concreting the base and rigidly attaching to it using anchoring.
- Good tightness is useful at high groundwater levels.
Important! In official instructions, the company notes the need to remove bottom sediments during seasonal living (in autumn, before preparing the dacha for winter). If the property is used constantly, such a procedure is needed no more than once every 5 years or less. For the decomposition of sediments, special sets of microorganisms are used.
The prices indicated for the Tank septic tank are for the capital and the Moscow region. Discounts are provided not only for the number of purchased products. They are valid when ordering professional installation (+12400 rubles).
Triton
The same manufacturer produces other polymer products. Under the Triton brand, the following series are presented on the domestic market:
- "H" - storage tanks for waste with a volume of 1000 to 27000 liters, costing 24800-426000 rubles.
- "T" - traditional in design septic tanks of three separate chambers.
- "P" - tanks for fire fighting systems.
- "K" - caissons
- "PM" - fat retention devices for installation under.
| Model of the Triton-T series | Tank volume, liters | Tank diameter x length, cm | Approximate number of users |
| 1 | 1000 | 120 x 117 | 2 |
| 1,5 | 1500 | 120 x 162 | 3 |
| 2,5 | 2500 | 120 x 252 | 5 |
| 5 | 5000 | 120 x 472 | 10 |
| 10 | 10000 | 150 x 600 | 20 |
| 12 | 12000 | 200 x 405 | — |
| 30 | 30000 | 200 x 980 | — |
This kit is suitable for installation in the country. The wall thickness of these products is from 10 to 15 mm, which provides good resistance to mechanical stress. Technical data are shown in the table:
| Name | Tank volume, liters | Length x Width x Height in cm | Weight, kg |
| septic tank | 750 | 125 x 820 x 170 | 85 |
| infiltration device | 400 | 180 x 800 x 400 | 20 |
Such a set is not difficult to transport and install yourself. As standard, the manufacturer includes a neck and caps. It is not necessary to purchase an infiltrator. Instead, you can apply , a filtering field.
Termite
Septic tanks under this brand are created by Multiplast. This company produces products from polymers using vacuum and rotational forming technologies. The presence of our own design departments allows us to respond in a timely manner to market requirements. Equipped with modern equipment, production ensures cost minimization and excellent quality. It is acceptable to manufacture solid-cast containers with a volume of up to 10 thousand liters.
The manufacturer emphasizes that only primary raw materials, high-quality polymers are used for the manufacture of cases. One-piece casting and radial end lugs help maintain structural integrity even under heavy loads. Specifications products are checked by a series of special hydrodynamic tests.
| Model series "Termite" | Productivity, cbm per day | Tank volume, liters | Length x Width x Height, cm | Weight, kg | Notes |
 Drive 1.2 | 0,4 | 1200 | 134 x 116 x 156.5 | 80 | storage capacity. |
 Pro 1.2 | 0,4 | 1200 | 134 x 116 x 156.5 | 80 | The most compact septic tank with additional soil cleaning. Wall thickness - up to 20 mm. |
 Transformer 1.5S | 0,6 | 1500 | 200 x 80 x 200 | 110 | This equipment can be converted into a cleaning station with forced air supply. Proprietary Aeration Kit Offered |
 Pro 2.5 | 1 | 2500 | 200 x 115.5 200.5 | 135 | Suitable for a family of 5. |
 Transformer 2.5PR | 1 | 2500 | 205 x 105 x 211 | 155 | Such a septic tank can be used. |
For your information! When buying a turnkey Termite septic tank, the price includes installation work. But you need to make sure that these services are available for a specific region. Otherwise, you will have to organize the installation of equipment on your own.
Unilos
The current production line includes two series of classic septic tanks:
These are complete cleaning stations, which differ in the following characteristics:
- Polymer foam walls (polypropylene) create a layer of insulation that prevents the harmful effects of changes in outside temperature.
- For forced air supply, membrane technology is used here, which helps to extend the life of the aerator to 10 years or more.
- Removal of excess silt (it is used as a fertilizer) is carried out using a standard airlift.
You can purchase a suitable station, taking into account the required distance from. The following restrictions apply when constructing a route:
| Modification | Outlet depth in cm for different systems drains | Maximum inlet depth, cm | |
| Gravity | Forced | ||
| "Standard" | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| "Midi" | 60 | 30 | 90 |
| "Long" | — | — | 120 |
The price of a Unilos Astra 5 septic tank (76-83 thousand rubles) cannot be called too high, given the good consumer characteristics. This equipment provides a full satisfaction of all needs for draining for a family of 4-5 people. It retains functionality during salvo discharges up to 250 liters. Electricity consumption does not exceed 60 W per hour.
Aqua Bio
These treatment facilities are capable of processing from 0.7 to 1.5 cubic meters. stocks in 24 hours (5-10 users). The body thickness increased to 25 mm allows it to withstand heavy loads without damage. The manufacturer positions its products as intended for loamy and sandy soils, areas with low level ground water. It offers necks of different heights in 100 mm increments, so choose best option not difficult.
For your information! A few years ago, the manufacturer made a rebranding. Now the products of this series are called "BARS-Bio".
Poplar
| Modification | Inlet pipe depth, cm | Width x Depth x Height, cm | Processing volume per day, cbm | Permissible volley discharge, l |
 3
| 80 | 112 x 106 x 212.5 | 0,65 | 180 |
 5
| 80 | 103 x 100 x 248.5 | 1 | 250 |
 10
| 80 | 192.8 x 112 x 248.5 | 2 | 790 |
 50
| 80 | 300 x 216 x 300 | 8,9 | 1900 |
 150 LONG | 140 | 400 x 482 x 300 | 24 | 4600 |
Drawing installation "Tver 1P" Ecopan
The production association is the oldest specialized domestic enterprise. The application of the accumulated experience in practice is manifested in good consumer characteristics and reasonable prices. All products of this type are provided with official certificates, a five-year warranty.
| Model range parameters | Units | Limit values | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of users | human | 2-15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| liters | Septic tank Ecopan
| Model range parameters | Units | Limit values | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maximum one-time reset | liters | 400-3000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The number of treated wastewater in 24 hours | m. cub. | circuit diagram cleaning station
| Manufacturer/Model | Productivity, m3/day | Dimensions, cm | Weight, kg | Price |
| Triton Plastic/Triton-T 2.5 | — | 120 x 252 | — | 48000 |
 Multiplast/ Thermite Transformer 2.5 S | 1 | 205 x 105 x 211 | 145 | 45000 |
 Unilos/Astra 5 | 1 | 103 x 100 x 199.5 | 250 | 71600 |
 Granite-M/ Poplar | 1 | 103 x 100 x 248.5 | — | 83300 |
 TD "Engineering equipment" / Tver - 1 PN | 1 | 300 x 110 x 167 | 180 | 112300 |
 Software "Pankom" / Ecopan L5 | 1 | 255 x 144 x 164 | 210 | 97500 |
 Alexis LLC /Leader 1 | 1 | 270 x 145 x 165 | 150 | 105000 |
For your information! When creating a septic tank for a house with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account the total cost of construction and ancillary work, the purchase of compressors and other factory products.
Owners of any country house organizing an autonomous sewage system has to solve the problem of which septic tank is better. The fact is that designs of this type are on sale in a wide variety, which imposes a certain difficulty on choosing the right option.
Essence of the question
A septic tank is a waterproof container, which includes one or more compartments (chambers). Like any other design, the treatment plant also has its own characteristics. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you have to study the options that are freely available and understand how they work. This will enable you to accept correct solution towards one model or another.
Production material
Several criteria are used to classify septic tanks.
One of them is the type of material of manufacture:
- Reinforced concrete rings. For those finished structures characterized by good reliability and resistance to corrosion. The disadvantages of products include their large mass, which implies the use of special mechanisms during installation.
- Monolithic concrete . Structures of this type are equipped in place by pouring concrete mortar, for which the formwork is preliminarily laid. Concrete is prepared at the place of work, or ordered at the nearest concrete goods.
- Brick or foam blocks. For this, the bottom and walls of the excavated pit are intensively sealed. clay mortar or modern coating materials. Masonry is carried out traditional way, with shifting rows.
- Steel tanks. They are characterized by low cost and excellent resistance to mechanical stress. Serious disadvantage steel products is their tendency to rust, which requires additional waterproofing work.
- Polymer materials. This type septic tanks for a private house are lightweight and belong to budget options. However, in the mode low temperatures the polymer becomes brittle and begins to crack. In addition, structures of this type are often damaged by rodents.
- fiberglass. These rugged, lightweight models are characterized by chemical resistance, which makes them practical and durable.
Regardless of what the septic tank is made of for a permanent residence, it is important to pay attention to its strength and tightness. Under no circumstances should internal effluents be released into the environment.
Purpose
According to the specifics of the function performed, septic tanks for a country house and a summer residence are divided into three groups:
- Cumulative. Structures of this type consist of a strong sealed container or paired communicating wells. A feature of the maintenance of storage septic tanks is the need for constant pumping of wastewater. To do this, you need to order a special machine with a barrel and a compressor.
- Settling tanks. The complexes include soil post-treatment modules. Without them, the degree of waste purification does not exceed 70-75%. Sumps include one and several compartments. Recycling accumulations involves the separation of liquid from solid particles. All this is accompanied by fermentation, for which anaerobes are introduced into the composition of the liquid.
- Deep biological treatment modules. These autonomous septic tanks for a private house consist of a set of compartments, which allows for a phased chemical, biological and mechanical decomposition of waste. Organic residues are so harmless that they can be removed directly into the pond or soil. See also: "Autonomous sewage for a private house - types, features of the device, selection rules".
Comparing septic tanks for a country house, first of all, pay attention to the most simple designs accumulative type. Their functioning is based on the gradual stratification of the waste that has got inside. As a result, more massive inclusions move to the bottom, and liquid runoff rises. The operation of settling tanks is also based on the natural separation of insoluble impurities from water: this is called the settling process.
To bring the separated liquid to a safe state, septic tanks for the cottage are equipped with infiltrators. In appearance, these are containers without a bottom, acting like aeration platforms. After getting into the waste infiltrators, they are additionally cleaned. Further, in transit through the soil filter, the liquid is brought out.
The choice of a deep cleaning septic tank involves the use of an integrated methodology that provokes a phased decomposition of waste. First, solid particles are precipitated, then organic substances are biorecycled. Further, the chemical module and the final filter are included in the work. A comparison of septic tanks shows that only deep cleaning units are able to bring the degree of purification to 95-98%. After clarification and antiseptic treatment, the processed masses are allowed to be released into the environment.
Best Options
When choosing a septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to focus on certain criteria. First of all, pay attention to the specifics of the home and the needs of the people living in it. The price of the device depends on the material of its manufacture, capacity and number of design modules, the type of wastewater treatment technology used, and the use of additional devices.
What are the septic tanks for a private house by type of design and additional equipment:
- With compressors and drainage pumps.
- With filters and float gauges.
- With automatic controls.
Compressors are part of biological treatment complexes. Their task is to supply oxidizing oxygen flows to support the vital activity of aerobes. Drainage pumps the movement of wastewater inside the septic tank is stimulated. They are also used to remove the purified liquid in cases where the main complex is below the discharge point.
Why factory models are better than homemade ones
To save money, some owners of suburban areas use tires, bricks or concrete rings to make septic tanks. To build such a structure, you have to spend enough time and effort. With your own hands, you can build not only the simplest drives, but also modular cleaners, consisting of a series of interconnected settling tanks. This makes it possible to achieve a fairly good water clarification.
However, in terms of practicality and efficiency, the best septic tank for a permanent residence is still a factory design. As a rule, products of this type are certified for compliance with building and environmental requirements.
Features of the soil and the depth of the passage of groundwater
In the process of finding the best septic tank for a country house, it is necessary to take into account the geological features of the area. For example, a wastewater treatment plant in combination with an infiltrator or an absorption shaft requires the passage groundwater 1 m below the cut of the potential bottom of the soil post-treatment complex. It is allowed to discharge the purified liquid into the surrounding space only if there is a layer of sand, gravel or pebbles below the post-treatment system. It can also be sandy plastic soils.
Apply cleaning to clay soils it makes no sense. The fact is that the degree of water absorption by clay, loam and hard soils is almost zero level. As a result, the drainage into the soil will stop, and the septic tank itself will flood with water. In such a situation, an additional water supply system is usually used, diverting effluents into ditches or centralized communications. In the case of a close location of groundwater to the surface of the earth, the use of autonomous purification complexes encounters great difficulties. This also applies to areas where the groundwater level rises sharply during spring snowmelt or heavy rains.
There are the following types of septic tanks for giving with high level ground water:
- Sealed storage tanks. As they fill, it is necessary to carry out pumping and removal of wastewater.
- VOCs. Pumps are used to pump the purified liquid.
The cheapest way to select a septic tank for a site with a high level of groundwater is to purchase a polymer container. It provides for biological treatment and further withdrawal of liquid into the storage tank.
For emptying storage capacity two options are used. If there is a central sewer line nearby, sewage can be pumped into it by means of a pump. In other cases, you have to invite for pumping out sewers. To do this, it is necessary to arrange in advance a convenient access to the location of the tank.
Characteristics of the septic tank
To determine the volume of the receiving block or section, it is necessary to start from the average daily norm of effluents per tenant. At the same time, they are guided by daily consumption with a standard set of plumbing - 200 l / 1 person. According to modern standards, the effluent collector must be able to accept the volume from each person in a three-day rate. If there are four people in the family, the capacity of the septic tank is calculated as 4x200x3 = 2.4 m 3. For those houses where guests are often received, the volume of the receiving capacity must be increased by 20-30%.
Modern septic tanks for a private factory-made house, they are usually marked with indications of the number of people they are able to serve. The optimal depth of the tank is considered to be 1.5-3 m. In cases where a tank of greater depth is used, additional obstacles may appear when pumping out accumulations of contents with a sewage machine.
Performance Degree
To choose the best septic tank for a country house, which would not fail and work flawlessly, it is necessary to take into account the type of dwelling and the performance of the device:
- Seasonal accommodation. In those dachas that are intended exclusively for recreation on weekends and in warm season, it makes no sense to mount expensive treatment facilities from several chambers. The best option for cases where the average daily volume of waste does not exceed 1 m 3 are single-chamber septic tanks of small capacity. The weight of compact complexes is quite small. This facilitates their transportation and installation measures for deepening into the pit. Such work can be done independently, without involving special equipment.
- permanent residence. If the country house is intended for year-round living, it is recommended to use complex septic tanks for a permanent residence 4 5. good option are settling tanks equipped with soil post-treatment. First of all, this applies to areas with a low level location. ground water. To ensure good efficiency of individual sewage, it is recommended to use aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in its work. They are introduced into containers, which leads to the "eating" of organic matter. Thanks to the use of biological decomposition of wastewater, waste products are brought to the state of industrial water.
Deep cleaning modules are best installed in those cottages near which there are natural reservoirs. The fact is that after the procedure of deep purification, the effluents are so safe that they are allowed to be poured into rivers and lakes.
Domestic models
Russian manufacturers have been manufacturing autonomous septic tanks for country houses for several decades. During this period, there whole line companies specializing in similar products. Some models simply duplicate imported septic tanks from leading European brands. But in most cases, we are talking about really unique developments for filtering wastewater.
Name of septic tanks domestic production most popular:
- eurobion. A product of many years of development by the leading engineers of the Yubas production association. Complexes of this type incorporate innovative membranes manufactured according to unique technology. Thanks to the use of a rhythmic aerotank, the complexes can be used in the mode long downtime sewerage.
- Poplar. The manufacturer of this reliable septic tank is the Eco-Grand company. The device is characterized by very high-quality cleaning (up to 99%). Thanks to the introduction of original production schemes that open access to the primary chamber, the procedure for maintaining departments has been simplified. To extract large sewer waste outside, the help of specialists is not required.
- Aster. Complexes from trademark"Unilos", capable of issuing a level of purification from harmful inclusions up to 75%. The company is represented on the market by several developments designed for a different number of consumers. For additional equipment of the module, a compressor is used, which makes it possible to carry out filtration in several stages. After passing through all stages of treatment, wastewater can be discharged into the environment.
- Tank. Brand of septic tanks from the company "Triton-plastic". Model line of this manufacturer consists of devices of various capacities, from compact tanks for 600 l / day, to powerful stations for 1200 l / day. Their characteristics coincide with those of standard multi-stage complexes for the processing of waste products.
- Triton. This product is also owned by the Triton-plastic company. There are several modifications of this development on the market. They are distinguished by the shape of the tanks and cleaning methods. Models of the "micro" and "mini" categories have a capacity of 450 and 750 liters, and the tanks marked "H" and "T" are designed for the processing of wastewater in volumes from 10,000 liters.
- Tver. A septic tank with pumping out for a private house from the Engineering Equipment trademark. A complex approach includes the use of both mechanical and biological method. The modular line has a four-level method of clarification of waste products. The productivity of the station is at the level of 750-1500 m3/day.
- Topas. Models of this type are characterized by low consumption of electrical energy. Thanks to the use of four sections, the degree of wastewater treatment reaches 98%.
In the process of solving the problem of which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the products of the Triton-plastic company. They are distinguished by a significant thickness of the body walls and the use of stiffeners. As a result, the structure is able to resist large external influences. This is very valuable, taking into account the realities of the climate of some Russian regions, with their characteristic frosty heaving of the soil and sharp temperature changes. Such structures are protected from floating during the spring snowmelt, when the groundwater level rises sharply. When installing structures of this type, you can not use special concrete and metal weighting agents.
One of the most good septic tanks for the house is considered the development of the production association "Leader". It's about about the whole complex consisting of polypropylene sections: three-stage filtration is used inside this type of equipment. We are talking about mechanical, aerobic and biofiltration treatment, which makes it possible to discharge liquid into natural reservoirs.
Among the most popular septic tanks are the Rostok treatment plants from the EcoProm company. This company has long specialized in the manufacture of anaerobic complex stations, and has achieved a lot of success in this field. However, it should be borne in mind that these devices are able to produce a degree of purity of waste at the level of 65-70%. In order to bring the effluents to acceptable levels for discharge into the environment, it is recommended to use drainage tunnels.
Each of the septic tanks mentioned in this review has a set of individual characteristics, which allows the buyer to choose the best option for himself. In addition to the volume of tanks, performance and cleaning method, the cost of treatment plants is of great importance. Another great advantage of factory complexes is the possibility of their additional completion through the docking of additional modules. This stimulates an increase in the volume and productivity of the treatment complex.
Outcome
In the absence of a centralized sewage system in a private house, there is only one way out - to acquire autonomous system waste disposal. There is no single answer to the question of which septic tank is the best. Much depends on the purpose of the house and the number of people living in it. So, for dwellings with permanent residence it is desirable to use full-fledged treatment facilities with a multi-stage filtration system. The effluents that have passed through such a complex are allowed to be discharged into the nearest reservoir or ditch.
As for seasonal dachas, in the process of searching for which septic tank to choose for a private house, it is recommended to pay attention to the simplest settling tanks. To save money, such structures, reminiscent of cesspools, are equipped by the forces of the owners of the cottage. For this, concrete rings, bricks or used tires are most often used. However, the most reliable septic tanks are fiberglass factory models that are not afraid of frost heaving and spring floods.
Septic tanks are of two types. A "regular" septic tank is a simple storage device, which works primarily as a sump. Plus - absolute simplicity, but the degree of purification is low. Therefore, the discharged effluents must either be filtered additionally, or regularly call the sewers with their tank, and each call is money.
Therefore, more complex septic tanks are much more profitable in the long run ( autonomous sewage systems), giving activated sludge and water with sufficient a high degree cleaning - almost one hundred percent. In such septic tanks, aerobic bacteria usually do their job, which is helped by an aerator that forcibly blows air through the tank. Something like in an aquarium, only the "fish" there are microscopic and eat completely tasteless. The same aeration units, only much more powerful, are also used at Vodokanals as the main stage in the operation of sewage treatment plants. At the same time, anaerobic bacteria “work” in septic tanks, which do not even need to be populated - they get there straight from you. Therefore, a large primary clarifier is not only useful for mechanical cleaning.
But you can do without aeration, at the same time getting rid of the compressor: it’s cheaper and more reliable, at first glance. Can be used biofilter- this is either a mesh or a cassette with porous granules. Here, at the same time, sludge is sifted out and bacteria “live”. One pass of the drain through the filter is not particularly effective, so recirculation is used with a special pump. Even if you accidentally pour something vigorously chemical into the sewer and arrange a total Holocaust for microscopic coprofiles, at least mechanical cleaning will be preserved. A septic tank on a biofilter can be made quite compact. The disadvantage is obvious - the filter inevitably becomes dirty and requires maintenance, while it is enough to pump out sludge from the aerator from time to time. Without additional air saturation in the biofilter, only anaerobic bacteria can “work” normally.
The most efficient, of course, septic tanks, where cleaning goes through biofilters, and aeration of accumulated effluents occurs. But such a septic tank will simultaneously combine the disadvantages of both systems.
As for performance, the first thing to consider is waste volume- It is generally accepted that one person per day drains up to 200 liters of water into the sewer. That is, in theory, a family of 4 people needs a septic tank that “digests” up to 0.8 cubic meters per day. But in practice, of course, smaller models, up to 600 liters, also work great. Do not forget to take into account such a parameter as maximum salvo discharge volume- this is the volume of liquid that can be "assimilated" by the septic tank without disrupting performance in one "sip".
