Phased insulation of pipelines. Thermal insulation works
In the case when pipes are insulated with semi-cylinders made of rigid materials (sovelite, vulcanite, diatomite, etc.), they are installed dry or on mastic. Segments of lime-silica, perlite-cement, foam diatomite, etc. are also used. The mats are laid with overlapping seams and fixed at 500 mm intervals with wire hangers. The longitudinal seam is sewn with a soft wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm. Outside, the mats are fixed with bandages. During installation, the following materials are used: bandage buckles ( , TU 36-1492-77), or buckles made of galvanized sheet steel 0.8 mm thick (GOST 7118-78). Banding material - packing or aluminum tape 0.8 mm thick. According to SNiP 2.04.14-88, rings made of galvanized or black annealed wire with a diameter of 2 mm are allowed; as well as stainless steel wire rings (1.2 mm diameter).
The cost of a bandage buckle TYPE 1A according to TU 36.16.22-64-92 - 7.30 rubles / piece.
Mostly, protective covering fastened with screws or bands. For internal pipelines with a positive temperature of the substances transported through them, cylinders lined with aluminum foil are used. This insulation can be used without a protective coating. It is recommended to use aluminum tape as a bandage and aluminum alloys(width 20-30 mm, thickness 0.8 mm) and aluminum buckles. For the cold water supply pipeline (the temperature of the substances transported through it is below 12 degrees C), as well as the technological pipeline, an excluder is used as insulation. In this case, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier layer in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.14-88 "Thermal insulation for pipeline equipment". The seams of the vapor barrier layer must be carefully sealed. Tears and punctures of the vapor barrier layer are not allowed. When using cylinders lined with aluminum foil for installation, it is possible not to use a vapor barrier layer if the project does not require it. However, the seams and joints of the installed cylinders must be well sealed. During installation, breaks and punctures of the aluminum foil are possible. In the presence of such damage, these places are glued with sealing materials. Using cylinders,, for thermal insulation of cold water supply and technological pipelines, with the temperature of the transported substances below 12 ° C, it is recommended to install a protective layer under the metal protective coating that protects the foil from damage. In this case, it is recommended to fasten the protective coating with bandages. When using cylinders on vertical sections pipelines every 3-4 meters along the height of the pipe, unloading devices should be installed to prevent the thermal insulation layer and coating from slipping. For duct pipelines and in tunnels, it is recommended to use it without the subsequent installation of a protective coating. Heat insulating cylinders made of mineral wool based on fibers from rocks are a highly effective environmentally friendly heat-insulating material that meets fire safety requirements. Hydrophobization, Fire safety and a lower price, in comparison with imported materials made of foamed rubber and polystyrene, makes the cylinders competitive for use in domestic practice as thermal insulation of cold water supply pipelines and technological systems. negative temperatures. Cylinders, as form-stable products, they can be used in the construction of thermal insulation of horizontal pipelines without supporting structures. It is also possible to use them as a heat-insulating material with the basis of coupling and flange fittings of small diameters (valves, check valves) and flange connections. Lined cylinders it is allowed to use it in rooms and channels (heating networks, water supply) without a cover layer. Also foil-lined cylinders, it is possible to use without a vapor barrier layer in pipelines with negative temperatures. In this case, it is necessary to observe the sealing of seams and places of damage to the foil. In this version of insulation, the cost of structures and work on thermal insulation is significantly reduced. Thermal insulation of pipelines is necessary both to protect the pipelines themselves from the effects of external temperatures, and to avoid losses from the pipelines themselves. For example, cold water supply pipelines insulate against low external temperatures. Steam pipelines, heating systems and hot water supply pipelines are insulated to reduce heat loss to the external environment. Various materials are used for thermal insulation work, but the most popular is foil-clad mineral wool. However, for thermal insulation of high-temperature objects (for example, boiler insulation), it is more efficient to use basalt products. This material is the easiest to use. Also, in addition to the correct selection of material, it is necessary to clearly know for what specific purposes the thermal insulation will be used. Not right choice thermal insulation materials leads to frequent repairs pipelines, and sometimes to emergencies.
To find out also about the possibilities of thermal insulation of tanks, thermal insulation of boilers, thermal insulation of chimneys and other technological equipment, we recommend that you contact our specialists by phone or E-mail.
- Only high-quality materials should be used for thermal insulation of pipelines, specifications which correspond to the operating conditions.
- Installation should be carried out by specialists, in which case you can be sure of the quality of the work performed.
- complete locksmith and welding works;
- check the strength and density of the surface;
- coat the pipes with an anti-corrosion agent.
Insulation of internal pipelines. Pipeline insulation technology
Insulation of internal pipelines | AW-Therm.com.ua
V. Gorelov
Thermal insulation of internal pipelines allows not only to save energy resources, but also to increase the service life of pipes, protecting the material from which they are made from external influences... However, the use of insulation requires from designers, installers and other specialists a competent approach to the selection of insulation and the design of the system. About this - in the proposed article.
The main purpose of technical thermal insulation is to minimize unwanted heat exchange between the working environment and the environment (Table 1). This achieves a reduction in energy costs for heating (cooling) the heat carrier (refrigerant) and increases the energy efficiency of the system. Another important task is the protection of equipment. Depending on the field of application, technical insulation prevents the system from freezing or the formation of condensation on the surface (for this it is necessary that the temperature on the outer surface of the insulating coating is above the dew point), the effect of aggressive media. Along with the above main tasks, others are also being solved: hydro-steam and noise insulation, protection of the microclimate of residential and work premises from unintended influences from thermal or refrigeration equipment and pipelines, safety of accidental human contact with hot or cold surfaces.
Table 1. Results of "savings" on insulation
Materials for thermal insulation internal systems heating, water supply, ventilation and air conditioning of individual, public, industrial buildings differ from each other in cost, operational and consumer characteristics. The choice of a specific material determines its purpose. So, in some cases, the thermal resistance of thermal insulation comes first, in others - water resistance, in the third - the ability of thermal insulation to provide design parameters when operating at peak loads, etc.
The most common thermal insulation materials used in piping systems today are polyethylene foam, foam rubber and mineral wool insulation. Each of these materials has its own characteristics that determine the preferred scope of application.
General quality characteristics
The operational capabilities of thermal insulation materials are primarily determined by their thermal conductivity. To quantitatively characterize this parameter, the thermal conductivity coefficient (λ, W / m
Despite the fact that thermal insulation materials differ in their internal structure, they all have in common the presence in its volume of many air cavities, the walls of which form fibers or pores, and the air inside these cavities predominantly performs the function of thermal insulation. Therefore, such materials are also called gas-filled. Since the percentage of air in different insulating materials is always high (80–99%), their thermal conductivity differs insignificantly (Table 2). The thermal conductivity coefficient increases with increasing temperature, therefore, they can be compared by this parameter only under the same temperature conditions.
Table 2. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of various insulating materials
Air cavities in the thermal insulation structure can communicate with the external air environment or be isolated. Depending on this, materials are distinguished with open pores (fibrous insulation, solid foams) and with predominantly closed pores (flexible thermal insulation - foamed polyethylene, foamed rubber, as well as solid ones - polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene).
Whether or not the air cavities of the material communicate with the external environment, is of great importance for its thermal insulation properties under conditions high humidity... The coefficient of thermal conductivity of water (0.6 W / m K) is significantly higher than the coefficient of thermal conductivity of air (0.024 W / m thermal insulation properties deteriorate markedly. Therefore, an important characteristic for such materials is the factor of resistance to diffusion of water vapor (μ), which shows how many times the material absorbs worse from environment water vapor than air.
Finally, the scope of their application is determined by the flammability of a particular material. According to requirements for insulation engineering communications in residential and office buildings, the use of heat-insulating materials belonging to the flammability groups is allowed: NG - non-combustible materials that are not capable of burning in air; G1 and G2 are hardly combustible materials that can burn in air when exposed to a flame source, but are not able to independently sustain combustion.
Minimum thickness insulation depending on materials, application and placement of pipelines is regulated in DBN V.2.5 67: 2013 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".
Foamed rubber
The world's leading manufacturers of technical thermal insulation made of synthetic rubber (Fig. 1) are Armacell (Germany), IK Insulation Group (Italy), NMC (Belgium), Thermaflex (Netherlands), Wilhelm Kaimann (Germany). Their range also includes products that can operate at temperatures up to 150 ° C (in peak conditions - up to 175 ° C), and materials that retain their thermal insulation properties when the temperature drops to –200 ° C. The elasticity of the rubber facilitates the assembly work, and the special glue provides a durable glued seam that does not differ in its properties from the base material (the technology is called "cold welding").
Rice. 1. Foam rubber insulation
Due to a relatively large (12-15%) linear thermal expansion, rubber insulation is able to withstand temperature changes, and high values of the coefficient of resistance to diffusion of water vapor make synthetic rubber attractive material for industrial refrigeration, air conditioning and ventilation systems, for Food Industry... In particular, foamed rubber is used for thermal insulation of pipelines in systems with overheated water and in cryogenic technology (up to 50 ° C). Using it on domestic pipelines engineering systems utilities, including heating, water supply and air conditioning systems for private houses, are limited by the high price of this material relative to analogues.
Foam rubber insulation is supplied to the market in the form of tubes ( standard length- 2 m) of various diameters, tubes in coils, sheets and rolls, tapes and bundles of various thicknesses.
Foamed polyethylene
Prices for thermal insulation made of polyethylene foam (Fig. 2) are lower than for rubber. On the Ukrainian market, this material is represented by the brands Climaflex, Kaiflex, Thermaflex (manufactured by Armacell), etc. Polyethylene foam is used at temperatures from –80 to + 105 ° С. Coating of polyethylene foam materials with protective films.
Rice. 2. Polyethylene foam insulation
The material has high wear resistance and is greater than synthetic rubber, mechanical strength... It is non-toxic and practically chemically inert, unaffected by acids, alkalis and metal salts. It is also distinguished by its high ozone resistance, resistance to mold and microorganisms. Thermal insulation made of foamed polyethylene is not used in high-temperature systems, since when the upper limit of operating temperatures (about 110 ° C) is exceeded for a short time, the material melts, losing its cellular structure. The low degree of adhesion of the material dictates the need for the use of specially developed adhesives and careful adherence to the rules of installation and operation.
Like foamed rubber, polyethylene foam insulation is supplied in the form of tubes of various diameters, which can be provided with a technological cut to facilitate installation. To protect against mechanical damage as well as in decorative purposes some companies additionally offer external hard shells made of aluminum, galvanized steel, PVC and other materials.
Mineral wool
An important advantage of thermal insulation materials based on mineral wool is their incombustibility. The upper limit of operating temperatures for mineral wool is 650 ° C, and for materials based on basalt - 950 ° C. These materials are cheaper than foamed materials, which makes them promising when used for thermal insulation. large areas... The downside when used in residential buildings is their lower aesthetics compared to foam materials.
Mineral wool is produced in rolls or in the form of cylinders of various diameters. Similar products on the Ukrainian market are represented by the companies Ursa (Spain), Paroc (Finland), Rockwool (Denmark), Isover (France). From domestic producers one can mention OBIO LLC. For example, basalt fiber cylinders covered with aluminum foil, which serves as a vapor barrier, Paroc Hvac Section AluCoat T are available in a thickness of 30-100 mm, an inner diameter of 12-612 mm. Length - 1200 mm (other sizes are available on request). The cylinders have a sticky strip which allows for faster installation and better coating integrity. Thermal conductivity in dry condition at 25 ° C - 0.037 W / mK. When designing internal piping systems, a number of considerations should be taken into account, in particular the additional space for thermal insulation. When working with insulating materials, it is necessary to follow the rules for their transportation and storage. If the insulation is damp, it must be dried before use (the stone fibers do not change their properties). Cylinders from stone wool installed on the pipe through the external longitudinal section and tightened with clamps from steel wire or tape. When insulating pipes using pierced mats reinforced with steel mesh, wire or clamping clamps are used. Pipe bends and elbows are insulated with mats or segments cut from appropriate cylinders. 
Rice. 3. Insulation based on mineral wool
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Thermal insulation technology for pipelines
Correct installation of thermal insulation of pipelines increases its service life and ensures efficient operation. Installation of insulating material must be carried out in accordance with established standards and requirements.
Thermal insulation of pipelines: rules
There are several rules to follow:
Thermal insulation works take place after the installation of the pipeline, but in some cases, preliminary insulation is allowed. Before carrying out work, it is necessary to prepare the pipes:
Cylinder construction: installation of thermal insulation
The most effective thermal insulation of pipelines is a prefabricated or prefabricated structure. The so-called cylinder insulation. The thermal insulation of the structure consists in laying it on pipes with further adjustment and fixing.
During the thermal insulation work, it is necessary to follow some rules: the installation should be started from the flange connections, installing the cylinders close to each other. Horizontal seams should not form one continuous line. The structure is attached to the pipeline with bands using 2 fasteners per cylinder with a distance of 50 cm. Side seams structures must have a difference. Buckles secure the band itself and can be made of painted packing tape or aluminum.
If the thermal insulation of pipelines is carried out by half-cylinders made of a rigid material, for example, vulcanite, sovelite or diatomite, then they must be installed on a mastic or dry. Silica lime segments, diatomite foam, perlite cement are also used for insulation. Material in the form of mats is laid in such a way that the seams are covered, then they are fixed with wire hangers at a distance of 50 cm.
Thermal insulation, depending on the temperature of the structure
Thermal insulation of pipelines, which transports a substance with a high temperature, is carried out using cylinders lined with aluminum foil. This type of insulation does not require a protective coating. It is recommended to choose an aluminum material for the band.
If the pipeline transports cold water, the temperature of which does not exceed 12 degrees, then hydrofibrated cylinders should be used as an insulating material. Additionally, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier, while the seams of the coating must be sealed. If the vapor barrier layer is damaged, it must be glued with a sealing agent or completely replaced.
When using cylinders for vertical installation of thermal insulation of pipelines, it is necessary to install unloading devices along the height of the pipe, with an interval of 3-4 meters. Such measures will help prevent slipping. thermal insulation material.
Thermal insulation of pipelines can be carried out various materials, but in order to make the right choice, it is necessary to take into account some factors: the purpose of the pipe, the temperature of the transported substance and its location. Wrong choice or installation of insulation will result in damage
aquagroup.ru
LLC GK PETER | Insulation of pipelines of heating networks
Insulation of pipelines of heating networks.1. TECHNOLOGY for performing insulation of pipes and equipment in basements buildings and heating chambers with a low-combustible heat-insulating material - moisture-resistant (TTM-B) To protect pipes and equipment from corrosion and reduce heat losses on heating networks in the basements of buildings and heating chambers, it is necessary: fats, oils. Degrease with a cloth moistened with P646, P647, xylene or acetone. The surface must be dry and clean before painting. Cleaning from rust, scale, old paint is done manually or mechanically, without using metal cutting tools... Embedded parts and other elements of metal structures, after cleaning, are also subject to degreasing and painting. Apply an anti-corrosion layer on a dry and degreased surface using a brush or roller. Metal surfaces painted in one layer until tack-free, depending on the ambient temperature. Pipelines and equipment of the heating network are subject to thermal insulation, with the exception of drains and emptyings behind the first shut-off valves. Thermal insulation layer is performed by applying a difficult-to-burn heat-insulating material - moisture resistant (hereinafter TTM-B) in the form of a pasty consistency in two identical layers with a total thickness of 20 ÷ 60 mm, depending on the diameter of the pipeline. To strengthen the structure, after the first layer of TTM-B has dried, pipes and equipment are wrapped with a glass cloth mesh with a 2x2 or 5x5 mm mesh with the fastening of the mesh lock on the pipe. Then the second layer of TTM-B is applied, wrapped in a glass cloth mesh with its tension and immersion in the second layer. Then the material is dried. Waterproofing of the heat-insulating layer is provided by applying a kaolin moisture-protective insulating coating (KVIP) in one layer, followed by drying.
2. TECHNOLOGY of installation by molded products made of fire-resistant heat-insulating material - moisture-resistant FITTM-V. To protect pipes and equipment from corrosion and reduce heat losses on heating networks in basements of buildings and heating chambers, it is necessary to: Clean the surface of pipes, equipment and metal structures from dirt, salts , fats, oils. Degrease with a cloth moistened with P646, P647, xylene or acetone. The surface must be dry and clean before painting. Cleaning from rust, scale, old paint is done manually or mechanically, without the use of metal-cutting tools. Embedded parts and other elements of metal structures, after cleaning, are also subject to degreasing and painting. Apply an anti-corrosion layer on a dry and degreased surface using a brush or roller. Metal surfaces are painted in one layer until tack-free, depending on the ambient temperature. Thermal insulation is performed by FITTM-V with a thickness of 10 - 30 mm. and a length of 400mm. After the primer-enamel has dried, apply adhesive to the inner parts of FITTM-B and press it against the pipe for gluing. At the junctions between the molded products, as well as at the junctions to the existing insulation, coat with a thin layer adhesive composition... To strengthen the structure, wrap the molded products in a circle with self-adhesive fiberglass mesh in the form of rings. Number of rings 2-3 pcs. Drying of the material takes place within 10 - 15 minutes. Waterproofing of the heat-insulating layer is provided by applying a kaolin moisture-protective insulating coating (KVIP) in 1 layer, followed by drying for 10-15 minutes.
3. TECHNOLOGY of installation by molded products made of a slow-burning heat-insulating material - moisture-resistant FITTM-V. JOINTS For protection, butt joints steel pipeline heating network after renovation works, from corrosion and reduction of heat losses, it is necessary: After starting the heating network and checking the butt joints for tightness, clean the surface of the pipe and the butt joint from contamination with a brush. Align the edge of the existing insulation. Degrease the surface of the pipe and butt joint with a rag moistened with R646, R647 solvent, xylene or acetone. Apply an anti-corrosion layer on a dry and degreased surface using a brush or roller. The surface of the pipe and butt joint is painted in one layer. Drying to "tack" of the primer-enamel on a hot pipeline occurs within 10 - 20 minutes. Insulation of butt joints is made by FITTM-V with a thickness of 10 - 20 mm. and a length of 400mm. After the primer-enamel has dried, apply adhesive to the inner parts of FITTM-V and press it at the butt joint for gluing. At the junctions between the molded products, as well as at the junctions to the existing insulation, coat with a thin layer of adhesive. To strengthen the structure, after grouting the butt joints, wrap the molded products in a circle with self-adhesive fiberglass mesh in the form of rings. Number of rings 2-3 pcs. Drying of the material takes place within 10 - 15 minutes. Waterproofing of the heat-insulating layer is provided by applying a kaolin moisture-protective insulating coating (KVIP) in 1 layer, followed by drying for 10-15 minutes.
4. Insulation of surfaces with mineral wool materials.
5. Insulation of butt joints of pipes in polyurethane foam insulation by casting.
Exists two reasons, due to which all thermal insulation works are carried out:
- Prevention of emergency situations... Frozen water often causes pipe breakage. Influence low temperatures significantly affects the quality of the material of the product and its overall integrity. The solution to this problem is high-quality insulation of unprotected pipe sections.
- Reduced energy costs for heating... Many pipelines are located outdoors, either in contact with the ground or at a short distance from it. The structures reduce the temperature due to the high heat transfer to the environment. Lack of proper thermal insulation will entail high financial costs, as well as reduce the quality of the material from which the pipeline channels are made.
Thus, thermal insulation of pipelines and equipment is an integral part.
Calculation of thermal insulation of pipelines and characteristics of laying networks
Calculation of the thickness and volume of thermal insulation of pipelines is a labor-intensive and difficult process. A widespread and frequently used calculation technique is performing calculations using normalized heat loss indicators. Building codes and the rules (SNiPom) calculated the values of heat losses for pipelines of different diameters, taking into account several methods of their laying:
- by open method, on the street;
- open way, indoor / tunnel;
- channelless method;
- laying in impassable channels.
The calculation of thermal insulation (thickness and volume) is carried out so that the level of heat loss does not exceed the value specified in SNiP. Calculations are also carried out using various normative documents, including the Code of Rules.
It has some simplifications, which are as follows:
- Heat losses during heating of pipe walls by the internal environment are much less than heat losses lost in layers external thermal insulation... This makes it possible not to take them into account when carrying out calculations and calculations.
- Many network piping is produced using steel, which has very low heat transfer resistance. Especially when compared with the characteristics of the thermal insulation material.
That is why heat transfer resistance is not required in calculations and computational processes.
To obtain an accurate result, it is recommended to contact a specialist; self-calculation will be inaccurate.
Classification of materials for thermal insulation
Heaters for pipeline channels have their own classification, which we will analyze in more detail.
Depending on the shape: rolls, piece products, potting insulators, combined insulation (includes several forms). Insulation also differs in appearance. The selected insulator directly determines the installation features.
A very common thermal insulation for process pipelines. A layer of such paint has a thickness of 2 millimeters, but is similar to 2-3 cm of mineral wool and polyester foam. Warming in this way is environmentally friendly and safe for the health of others.
The heat paint can be perfectly applied both on straight surfaces and on flawed areas. The material does not require ventilation after painting. The paint is resistant to sudden changes in temperature, created specifically for work in extreme conditions.
It has a special structure, therefore, when spraying, it penetrates even on surfaces to which access is limited. In addition, the heat paint provides additional protection against corrosion.
Minvata
Mineral wool has the characteristics necessary for insulating pipelines: low level thermal conductivity and fire resistance. Therefore, it is widely used in the field of thermal insulation of heating mains.
This material is indispensable when working on the insulation of pipelines with elevated temperatures. Minvata withstands temperature conditions up to 700 degrees Celsius. The material is expensive, it is worth paying attention to when choosing.
Polyurethane foam is considered one of the insulation materials High Quality used for thermal insulation of pipelines. The material goes on sale immediately along with the pipes, as a whole with 2 shells. The voids between the pipe parts are filled with polyurethane foam.
Such products are installed in places designed for laying. It is important after the end of the main work to carry out the correct insulation at the joints. The popularity of the material is due to its simplicity and short installation time.
Expanded polystyrene
Expanded polystyrene (or foam) is used as an insulator for pipeline ducts. The insulation consists of two parts, which are connected to each other with the help of “thorn-groove” fasteners. This allows assembly / disassembly of the heat insulator if necessary. The size is adjusted individually, depending on the size of the pipe itself.
Polyfoam does not absorb moisture and is characterized by a low level of thermal conductivity, therefore it is suitable for working with pipeline channels with insulation. Such an insulator has a long service life of 50 years. But there is also a drawback - due to flammability, it cannot be used when working with high temperatures.
Polyethylene
Foamed polyethylene is considered a popular material that is used as an insulator for pipelines.
Outwardly, it is similar to a thermal insulation cylinder, which allows for tight coverage of the pipeline and ensures it reliable protection from the negative influences of the environment. Installation is simple and fast.
Before installation, a longitudinal cut is made on the polyethylene structure, the material is put on the prepared pipe, and then glued together. The special foam structure provides dense insulation.
Everything insulation materials have properties and characteristics, therefore, one or another thermal insulation should be chosen based on financial resources and the characteristics of the conditions in which the pipeline channels are laid.
The use of high-quality thermal insulation reduces the level of heat loss and reduces budgetary costs. In addition, the pipes themselves remain intact.
Each insulation is different in the nuances of installation. Installation of thermal insulation materials should not be done on your own. Only an experienced worker will install the insulation in accordance with the rules and regulations!
You can order the production of a complete set of pipelines from. The quality of the products is guaranteed by the manufacturer!
"Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2009 No. have an impact on the safety of capital construction projects ”.
This standard was developed in the development of the regulatory provisions of SP 60.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" and SP 61.13330.2012 "SNiP 41-03-2003 Thermal insulation of equipment and pipelines".
The team of authors: A.V. Samsonenko(LLC "Role Isomarket"), A.V. Busakhin(LLC "Third Installation Department" Promventilyatsiya "), Cand. econom. D.L. Kuzin(NO "APIK"), doct. tech. spider A.M. Grimitlin(NP "SZ Center AVOK"), G.K. Osadchy(LLC "MAXHOL Technologies"), F .V. Tokarev(NP "ISZS-Montazh").
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUILDERS STANDARD
1 area of use
1.1 This standard applies to thermal insulation structures (hereinafter referred to as thermal insulation structures) intended for equipment, pipelines and air ducts engineering networks located in rooms of categories C, D, D (according to SP 12.13130, paragraph 4.1).
1.2 This standard establishes the requirements, rules and control of the performance of thermal insulation works using thermal insulation structures and their elements made of pipes or rolls of expanded polyethylene or synthetic foam rubber, as well as cylinders or mats of mineral or glass fibers.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following standards and codes of practice:
Provide a safe for humans temperature of the outer surface of the heat-insulating structure in accordance with SP 61.13330 (paragraph 4.2).
5.5 Installation of heat-insulating structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 61.13330 and this standard.
6 Technology for performing work on thermal insulation
6.1 General
6.1.1 Thermal insulation work should be performed only when the facility is fully ready. Construction and installation works are considered fully completed if the pipelines and equipment are in the design position and pressure tested in accordance with the design of the work, which must be confirmed by the relevant acts.
6.1.2 Installation of thermal insulation is carried out according to working documentation in accordance with the project for the production of works on thermal insulation and taking into account the project for the organization of construction.
6.1.8 In order to increase productivity and achieve high quality thermal insulation works, it is recommended to use prefabricated thermal insulation structures made in workshops.
6.2 Installation of thermal insulation of pipelines of heating networks of heating systems, hot and cold water supply, technological systems
6.2.1 In heat-insulating structures on pipelines, heat-insulating products in the form of pipes should be used as thermal insulation, and in the absence of the required size of pipes in the manufactured nomenclature, heat-insulating products in the form of rolls.
6.2.2 Fastening of heat-insulating products to pipelines, depending on the type of material, must be performed using the method recommended by the manufacturer. The requirements for the installation of tubes and rolls of materials with a closed cell structure are set out in for series 5.904.9-78.08.
6.2.3 For fastening pipes to pipelines, longitudinal and transverse seams of products should be glued with contact adhesive recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended to additionally glue the seams of the products with reinforced self-adhesive tape.
1 - bandage; 2 - ribbon
Notes (edit)
1 For the bandage, it is allowed to use metal tapes with a corrosion-resistant coating made of stainless steel, aluminum alloys or polyamide.
2 The material of the band used to attach the cover layer must match the material from which the cover is made.
3 The material used for the manufacture of the buckle (Item 2) must correspond to the material from which the bandage is made (galvanized or stainless steel, aluminum alloy sheets).
6.2.5 For fixing sheets (rolls) on pipelines, product seams should be glued with contact adhesive recommended by the manufacturer. It is recommended to additionally glue the seams of the products with reinforced self-adhesive tape, as well as secure the products with bandages made of reinforced self-adhesive tape, located at intervals of 500 to 600 mm.
6.2.6 For thermal insulation of bends, tees, transitions and fittings, heat-insulating elements made of products in the form of tubes, cylinders, sheets or mats should be produced at the work site. The figure shows two options for thermal insulation of bends, differing in pipe diameters.
a) insulation of the outlet with thermal insulating tubes (D n≤ 160 mm);
b) insulation of the outlet with thermal insulation sheets (D n> 160 mm)
1 - a tube made of heat-insulating material at D n≤ 160 mm; 2 - a sheet of heat-insulating material at D n> 160 mm; 3 - glue; 4 - reinforced self-adhesive tape
6.2.7 In multilayer heat-insulating structures intended for pipelines, the installation of the second and subsequent layers of thermal insulation is performed with overlapping seams of each previous layer. The seams of all layers of thermal insulation are glued together with contact adhesive. It is recommended to additionally glue the seams of the outer layer with reinforced self-adhesive tape.
Two-layer thermal insulation of the tee, coated with metal sheaths and fastened with self-tapping screws, is shown in the figure.
1
- a tube made of heat-insulating material; 2
- a sheet of heat-insulating material;
3
- glue; 4
5,6
- metal shells;
7
- self-tapping screw with press washer, galvanized, drill bit
The bands are installed with a pitch of 500 to 600 mm. The figure shows the design of a heat-insulated pipeline with a metal sheath, using a bandage fastening.
1
- a tube made of heat-insulating material at D n≤ 160 mm (sheet of thermal insulation material at D n> 160 mm); 2
- glue; 3
- reinforced self-adhesive tape;
4
- metal shell; 5
- bandage with buckle
6.2.11 In the case of thermal insulation of vertical pipelines with a metal covering material, depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation and the height of the pipeline, support structures (unloading devices) can be provided to prevent deformation and sliding of the covering material.
Unloading devices are located with a step of 3 to 4 m along the height of the pipeline or equipment. In the same places in the metal covering material, expansion joints are provided. The design of unloading devices should not have through heat-conducting inclusions.
Unloading devices are made of metal or lumber. Unloading devices made of sawn timber must be impregnated with antiseptic compounds or fire retardants in accordance with GOST R 53292 and GOST 20022.5.
6.3 Installation of thermal insulation of tanks of heating networks of heating systems, hot and cold water supply, technological systems
6.3.1 In the thermal insulation structures of tanks, thermal insulation products in the form of rolls and mats should be used as thermal insulation.
6.3.2 Fastening of heat-insulating products to tanks, depending on the type of material, should be performed using the method recommended by the manufacturer. For example, the requirements for installing rolls of materials with a closed cell structure are set out for series 5.904.9-78.08. A variant of performing thermal insulation on a horizontal tank is shown in the figure.
6.3.3 If the temperature of the insulated surface is below +90 ° C, it is recommended to use products in the form of rolls with a self-adhesive backing.
6.3.4 Installation of coatings (plates) and linings on vertical tanks (figure) should be carried out from bottom to top with an overlap of 40 to 50 mm.
1
- a sheet of heat-insulating material; 2
- glue; 3
- metal shell;
4
- self-adhesive aluminum tape; 5
- silicone sealant
1 - a sheet of heat-insulating material; 2 - glue; 3 - self-adhesive aluminum tape
6.3.5 In multilayer thermal insulation structures for tanks, the installation of the second and subsequent layers of thermal insulation is performed with the overlap of the seams of the previous layer. Sheets (rolls) of each subsequent layer must be glued to the previous one. Seams between products of one layer are glued with reinforced self-adhesive tape.
6.3.6 Installation of thermal insulation of the supports and the head of the tanks is carried out in accordance with the working documentation.
6.4 Installation of thermal insulation of equipment, pipelines and air ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems
6.4.1 To ensure the quality of work during the installation of thermal insulation, the requirements of,,, and this standard should be followed.
6.4.2 Fastening of heat-insulating products to pipelines and air ducts, depending on the type of material, must be performed in the manner recommended by the manufacturer. For example, installation requirements for closed cell materials are outlined in Series 5.904.9-78.08. The figure shows a heat-insulating structure made of self-adhesive heat-insulating material.
The heat-insulating structure shown in the figure is made using self-adhesive heat-insulating materials and a self-adhesive metal shell.
1 - sheet of self-adhesive heat-insulating material; 2 - glue;
3 - reinforced self-adhesive tape
6.4.3 When installing heat-insulating structures designed to prevent condensation of moisture from the outside air on the surface, materials with a closed cellular structure should be selected as heat-insulating materials.
6.4.4 Installation of the covering (lining) and cladding should be carried out with an overlap of 40 to 50 mm along the longitudinal and transverse seams.
1 - sheet of self-adhesive heat-insulating material; 2 - glue;
3 - self-adhesive metal sheath; 4 - silicone sealant
7 Monitoring the performance of work on thermal insulation
7.1 Control over the performance of work on thermal insulation of engineering systems in buildings and structures should be carried out based on the requirements and provisions of the working documentation.
When monitoring implementation installation works compliance with the requirements should be verified - taking into account factors 5.1, as well as provisions 7.2 - 7.8.
Quality passport.
7.3 At the final acceptance and acceptance of the heat-insulating structure at the facility, it is necessary to check that the temperature on the surface of the heat-insulating structure corresponds to a safe temperature (SP 61.13330). The temperature is measured by any calibrated instrument that has a verification mark in the instrument's passport or a verification certificate in accordance with the requirements of SP 61.13330.
7.4 Operational control of the performance of thermal insulation works is carried out in accordance with the appendix.
7.5 When exercising operational control the thermal insulation structure is checked:
a) before laying the thermal insulation material:
The cleanliness of the insulated surface - visually;
The presence of anti-corrosion protection - visually;
Compliance of the thickness of the used thermal insulation material with the requirements of the RD, measuring the thickness, for example, using a thickness gauge in accordance with GOST 28702 (tables 1 - 3);
Compliance of the cover layer material with the material specified in the RD;
b) during the installation of heat-insulating material:
Sizing seams and joints of heat-insulating material with glue and tape - visually;
The absence of counter overlaps (against the direction of the flow of rainwater or flowing moisture) on the casing layer - visually;
No damage to the thermal insulation layer - visually;
Overlapping assembly seams in multilayer structures - visually;
c) after the completion of the installation of the heat-insulating material and the structural design:
Fastening of the casing layer - visually;
No damage on the surface of the casing layer - visually;
Absence of damage to the surface of the coating (covering), if any, - visually;
Correspondence appearance and structural design of thermal insulation according to the working documentation - visually.
7.6 Acceptance control of the performance of heat-insulating works is carried out after the completion of the installation of heat-insulating structures.
In the process of acceptance control, defects are revealed, which should include:
Deviation from the data given in the working documentation in terms of materials, structures and method of installation of insulation;
Inconsistency of the thickness of the heat-insulating layer with the data of the working documentation;
Mechanical damage to insulation;
Loose adhesion of the heat-insulating layer to the surface of the insulated object;
Lack of thermal insulation at the locations of the supports;
Failure to comply with the rules for the location of longitudinal and transverse seams of coatings (plates) and facings.
7.7 After comparing the assembled heat-insulating structure with the data of the working documentation and taking into account the changes made during the installation process, a final defect list is drawn up, where all the actual indicators established during the delivery and acceptance are entered (appendix).
8 Requirements for reporting and technical documentation
8.1 Reporting and technical documentation is completed for transfer to the technical customer at the stage of delivery and acceptance of the work performed.
8.2 For high-quality installation work and compliance with all technological operations, the working documentation accepted for production must satisfy.
8.3 Typical series of working drawings of thermal insulation can be used as working drawings. So, for polymer insulation with a closed cellular structure, you can use the standard series 5.904.9-78.08.
8.4 If the working documentation accepted for production uses technical solutions thermal insulation standard series with the corresponding drawings, a reference to the series sheets should be given in the technical installation sheet, where the corresponding designs are given.
8.5 The technical installation sheet must comply with GOST 21.405 (the form is given in the appendix of this standard) and contain, in addition, general data related to the performed thermal insulation structures:
Information about the estimated ambient temperature;
Results of heat engineering calculations;
Appointment of thermal insulation for certain types of equipment and pipelines;
Requirements for the manufacture of thermal insulation structures and their installation
8.6 Equipment specifications are drawn up according to the data of the technical assembly sheets and working drawings.
8.7 The equipment specification is drawn up in accordance with the application and must contain the following sections:
Heat-insulating products;
Products and materials of the casing layer;
Fasteners (including adhesives, self-adhesive tapes, etc.).
9 Rules for the safe performance of work
9.1 By the beginning of the thermal insulation work at the construction site, premises should be allocated for storing materials and tools, as well as a workshop for preparing thermal insulation structures and performing technological operations.
9.2 Work must be performed in overalls.
9.3 Before starting thermal insulation work, it is necessary to ensure safety standards in accordance with SNiP 12-04-2002 (section 12).
Operational control of the performance of thermal insulation works
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An object |
Before installing thermal insulation material |
During installation of thermal insulation material |
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Insulated surface cleanliness |
Anti-corrosion protection |
Compliance with the thickness of the thermal insulation material specified in the RD |
Compliance with the casing layer specified in the RD |
Sizing the seams and joints of the heat-insulating layer with glue |
Sizing seams and joints of the heat-insulating layer with tape |
No counter overlaps (against the flow of rainwater) on the casing layer |
No damage to the thermal insulation layer |
Overlapping assembly seams in multilayer structures |
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Armature and fittings |
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Air ducts |
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Capacities |
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Technological equipment |
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Table continuation
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An object |
After completing the installation of the thermal insulation material |
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Attachment of the cover layer |
Absence damage casing layer |
Absence damage on surface coverings (covers) |
Correspondence appearance thermal insulation constructions data of RD |
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Heating and water supply pipelines |
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Refrigeration pipelines |
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Armature and fittings |
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Air ducts |
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Capacities |
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Technological equipment |
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Defective statement form
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P / p No. |
An object |
Defect characteristics |
Description of work to eliminate defects |
Unit of measurement |
Quantity |
Note |
Insulation of pipelines with stitched mineral wool mats
For this type of work, mats are used either without cover, or in covers made of metal mesh (up to a temperature of 700 ° C), glass fabric (up to a temperature of 450 ° C) and cardboard (up to a temperature of 150 ° C).
Uncoated mats can also be used for low-temperature insulation (down to -180 ° C).
Scope of work
1. Cutting products to a given size.
2. Stacking of products with fitting in place.
3. Fastening products with wire rings.
4. Sealing with waste products.
5. Sewing joints (mats in covers).
6. Additional fastening of products with wire rings or bandages (along the top layer).
Non-lined mats are used to insulate pipelines with a diameter of 57-426 mm, and mats with lining are used on pipelines with a diameter of 273 mm and more.
Products are laid on the surface of pipelines in one or two layers with overlapping seams and secured with banding rings made of packing tape with a section of 0.7x20 mm or steel wire with a diameter of 1.2-2.0 mm, installed every 500 mm.
The heat-insulating layer on pipelines with a diameter of 273 mm and more must have additional fastening in the form of wire hangers (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Insulation with stitched mineral wool mats:
a- pipelines: 1 - wire suspension with a diameter of 2 mm (used for pipelines with a diameter of 273 mm and more); b- gas ducts: 1 - fixing pins with a diameter of 5 mm; 2 - heat-insulating product; 3 - stitching with a wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm; 4 - wire with a diameter of 2 mm (fastening the lower layer); v- flat surfaces: 1 - mineral wool mats; 2 - pins before laying the insulating layer; 3 - pins after laying the insulating layer; 4 G- spheres: 1 - stitching with a wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm; 2 - wire ring; 3 - wire bandages; 4 - mineral wool products; 5 - fixing pins
When insulating pipelines with products in metal mesh linings, longitudinal seams should be stitched with a wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm. For pipes with a diameter of more than 600 mm, transverse seams are also sewn.
Mineral wool wired mats are compacted during installation and reach the following density (according to GOST in the design), kg / m; mats brand 100-100 / 132; brands 125-125 / 162.
Insulation of pipelines with mineral wool plates on a synthetic binder
Products are used taking into account their density (brand) on surfaces with temperatures from -60 to +400 ° C.
It is not allowed to use plates of grade 50 for thermal insulation of pipelines with a diameter of less than 217 mm, grade 75 - with a diameter of less than 325 mm. Plates of grades 125 and 175 are used to insulate pipelines and equipment with a diameter of more than 529 mm.
