The wiring in the frame house is open. Hidden wiring in a frame house

The frame house is 80% wood, and the remaining 20% is occupied by air and insulation. Such buildings are considered to be quickly combustible, therefore, during installation, all fire safety rules must be taken into account. Any type of electrical wire installation can be used. It all depends on the structure itself and the thickness of the walls. The open laying method is more often used, since hidden wiring in a frame house has features. It is worth considering in more detail each type of installation.

Wire entry

When building a house, electrical wiring occupies a special place. To carry out independent wiring in a frame house, you need to know a few important nuances.

Installation of electrical wiring begins with the wiring to the house and the meter. To do this, you need to contact a specialized service that deals with the issue of connection.

For input, they purchase a SIP-4 wire with aluminum conductors, the cross section of which is at least 16 mm2, and which has a long service life.

In accordance with the rules of electrical safety, this wire is prohibited from entering the frame house. For this reason, copper wiring is installed from the outer wall into the building. And at the moment the cable passes through the wall, it must be laid in a metal pipe.

Basic installation rules

Do-it-yourself wiring in a frame house requires compliance with safety measures and care during installation. The cable must be selected with a section that will correspond to the allowable current depending on the load. The cable sheath is only non-flammable or self-extinguishing.
Such a shell will protect against ignition at the time of a short circuit.

It is desirable to lay the line in a cable channel. For a frame house, this is considered the best option. If low-voltage and low-current lines are laid, then the cable is placed in a specialized corrugated pipe, which can protect the electrical wiring from various mechanical damage.

If a metal corrugation is chosen for laying electrical wiring, then it is better to use a galvanized version, and choose the pipe diameter with a margin. The inside of the metal corrugation must be treated with paint.

It is undesirable for the wire to come into contact with the edge of the pipe during laying, otherwise it may be damaged. To avoid such contact, special plastic inserts are mounted along the pipe outlets to protect against cuts. The end of the corrugation should be located at the point of connection or branching of the cable.

The junction boxes are recessed into the walls of the frame house in such a way that it is easy to carry out repairs on your own.

It is required to install an RCD in the power supply system. This installation will protect the frame house at the time of current leakage, since electricity carries a lot of danger. To protect against a short circuit, a 16A machine is mounted in the lighting circuit, and 25A is placed in a group of sockets.

Wire laying methods

Internal wiring in a frame-type house can be mounted in several ways:

In any case, all laying lines should be displayed in the plan and in a pre-prepared frame structure project. This does not require the skills of an electrician, but it is necessary to clearly understand where which electrical appliances will be installed.

Hidden wiring

Hidden wiring in a frame-type house is a special design that is not visible, that is, the wires are hidden in the walls. For this type of wiring in a frame house, a large layer of plaster or metal pipes is required in which the wires are placed.

Copper pipes are considered especially convenient, since they are easily adjusted to any bends. But their cost is quite high.

Metal pipes must be grounded.

This procedure is required to protect against electric shock if there is suddenly a breakdown of the household appliance on the case. The joints must be treated with a sealant. This is required to protect the wire from moisture.

Installation in a frame house is considered a rather costly procedure if you follow all safety standards and building rules. When building private houses, people sometimes deviate from the rules, and this leads to fires. And the insurance company, having discovered violations in electrical work, refuses to make payments.

exposed wiring

To install the wire in this way, a cable with double or triple insulation is required. There is a wire that fully meets all the necessary requirements - this is VVGng.

The electrics in the frame structure must be installed in accordance with the EMP. In rooms not intended for habitation, you can use a wire that does not have non-combustible insulation and mount it on special rollers at a distance of more than 1 cm from the wall. Wires can be secured with strong electrical brackets that are designed for heavy weight.

The main disadvantage of such installation is not an aesthetic appearance, especially in places where the connection takes place. But for frame houses, you can use other options for installing electrical wiring.

The corrugated pipe protects the cable from various mechanical damages. But such an installation in a frame house has an ugly appearance, and the fastening in this case does not have high reliability.

Cable channels are a special plastic that meets all fire safety requirements. It does not burn and does not spread fire if a short circuit occurs.

For do-it-yourself wiring, cable ducts are the easiest option, and can fit into any style of frame house. The wire in such a channel is very easy to maintain on your own, without resorting to the services of electricians.

Stages of installation work

Hidden wiring in a frame house, like open wiring, has several installation steps. The first step is to calculate the network. For this, the number and power of consumers are calculated. Based on the final results, the wire section is selected.

Then the marking is done. It starts from the cable entry into the house. The easiest way to do this is to use a marker. Lines are drawn along the wire laying paths and marks are placed in places where junction boxes, switches, sockets and lighting devices will be located. In a frame house, places for junction boxes are prepared in advance. In these places, special substrates are attached.

In accordance with all the rules, choose a cable for electricity. In circuits for lighting, cables of two wires are used, and for sockets and high-power equipment - three-wire, in which it is possible to conduct grounding.

To install the prepared elements, measure the gap between the junction boxes, from them to switches, to sockets and to lighting fixtures. Cables are cut according to these dimensions. When cutting, it is required to make a margin for angular bends and joints.

The installation of switches is carried out with a break in the phase wire, and not zero. This installation allows you to replace lighting cartridges yourself without fear of electric shock.

Checking the laid electrical wiring is carried out using a tester. At this point, you should check the quality of the connections, the operation of the machines and switches. If there are complex control circuits, it is advisable to consult a qualified electrician for advice.

There is nothing complicated in creating electrical wiring in a frame structure. It is necessary to have at hand the necessary tools and components, as well as fulfill all installation requirements.

Building a house, making a roof and erecting walls is not a cheap pleasure financially. Therefore, some owners are tempted to do the wiring of the building with their own hands. Such a process requires compliance with electrical safety requirements when performing this kind of work, failure to comply with at least one rule can lead to a wiring short circuit. Therefore, it is worthwhile to carefully weigh the pros and cons, and only then do the installation and wiring do it yourself.

Important! Since the frame and all the materials of the house will be made of wood, which remains a fire hazard even after impregnation, we advise you to make external electrical wiring.

First, prepare the necessary tools and materials:

Copper electrodes will be needed for grounding.
Clips for fastening the corrugation and the cable in it.
Self-tapping screws for fastening clips and other devices.
Electric cables of three types, SIP cable for connecting from power lines to a pole, copper PVA cable, VVG cable.
Marker or pencil
Ladder or stepladder
Laser level
Roulette
Drill or power screwdriver
wire cutters
Insulating tape

Before starting work, make sure that all these tools and supplies are available, this will save you time!

Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden building requires more attention and caution, due to the increased fire hazard of such a structure. The result of a short circuit or heating from poor-quality fasteners of wiring parts can lead to more disastrous consequences than in a stone building. From this and a more stringent approach to fire safety requirements.

Important!

The distance from the floor to the outlet is 30 cm.
The distance from the floor to the switch is 90 cm.

According to all fire safety requirements, rules, building codes, electrical wiring in a frame house is laid in a shell that excludes possible ignition. As such a shell, a corrugated metal hose, a steel pipe or a PVC box (not supporting combustion) is used.

It is recommended to mount a corrugated metal hose at a certain slope, this is done to drain condensate (if any). Junction boxes are either metal or flame retardant PVC. Installation of switches, sockets in a frame house is also carried out in metal and PVC mounting boxes.

Which wiring to choose: hidden or outdoor

Installation of electrical wiring in wooden and frame houses can be carried out in two ways: hidden and external wiring.
The most common option is outdoor wiring. This method is easy to install. This method uses wire with reinforced, double insulation. It is placed inside a plastic corrugation or box, which serves to protect against mechanical damage. You can also consider wiring with the help of a designer, make it on ceramic insulators mounted on the wall (as was done in the 50s of the last century).

Wiring laid in this way is more practical than hidden. You can, if necessary, connect an additional outlet to it or inspect it in case of a malfunction.

The disadvantages of this method include the ease of damage to the wiring by pets, when rearranging furniture or cleaning.
Laying electrical wiring in a plastic box will not improve the aesthetics of the interior, but this method is safer. Such boxes are clearly visible on the walls, ceilings. Some manufacturers have gotten used to making accessories in light brown or brown shades. This hid the design a little, but not completely. It is worth noting that in addition to cables, there should be about 40% free space in the box. This prevents the wires from heating up.

In addition, with an external version of the wiring, the wires can be fastened with special brackets. However, this technique is also quite noticeable, especially when connecting five cables at the same time. Therefore, camouflaged hands are still the best option in this case.

The main rule of electrical wiring still remains the determination of the maximum allowable load, respectively, the selection of the type and section of the cable for electrical wiring. This rule applies regardless of the design of the house or the material from which it is made. However, when wiring a wooden structure, it is necessary to choose a cable with good insulation.
A prerequisite is the presence in the house of an automatic RCD shutdown system (the so-called differential machine). This device is activated during a short circuit, thereby preventing the fire of household appliances and electric shock to any of the residents.

In addition, an important point is the grounding of the box filled with wiring. This method is called "armored sleeve". In this case, mechanical impact, any pressure on the wiring must be completely excluded.
Installation of electrical wiring is carried out simultaneously throughout the house, entirely, according to a pre-thought-out scheme. It is not recommended to change a specialist until the wiring is completed. In addition, it is not recommended to do the wiring of a frame house with your own hands; it is better to entrust it to a qualified worker who knows all the rules for electrifying a building and has an appropriate document. It is recommended to make a preliminary contract for the performance of work, so that in case of any malfunctions, you can make a claim.

Let's say you decide to do the wiring yourself. Any installation of electrical wiring consists of two stages:

Wiring of power lines from a power source (switchboard, pole), direct cabling according to the agreed scheme. The scheme must be prepared in advance and checked by a specialist. At this stage, the assembly and installation of grounding, special equipment (junction box, electric meter) is carried out. Openings for sockets are determined and drilled.
The final stage is the plastering of cable laying places, the installation of frames, the installation of doors. In addition, sockets, switches are installed, lamps and chandeliers are connected. The final stage is not particularly difficult and, in order to save money, can be done by hand.

Simple rules for electrifying a house:

The wiring diagram, installation of sockets and switches should be well thought out in advance. It is extremely difficult to change their location with your own hands in a frame house, unlike a stone structure.
Junction boxes should be located so that their inspection and repair does not cause access difficulties.
Open wiring is carried out only if there is an air gap between the wire and the wooden wall, it is mounted on insulators.
First you need to do all the work on the electrification of the house, and only then begin the installation of doors and windows.

Automation selection

To install protection, you need to purchase automatic machines from DEKraft, LEGRAND and ABB manufacturers. All protection units are installed according to the DIN system (mounting is done on DIN rails using an ordinary snap-in). All three machines are equipped with 10-63 Amp fuses. There are also for greater current strength, but they are not needed for residential premises. The circuit breakers differ in the time of switching off from the load and the coating of the clamp contacts.

DECraft machines have metal clips, the turn-off time is several milliseconds longer than that of LEGRAND and ABB
ABB automations are equipped with copper clips, making them the fastest to shut down.
LEGRAND devices have copper-plated terminals, which also makes the disconnection time minimal

Power calculation

As a rule, the maximum current power in residential premises is not higher than 6.6 kW; there is no need to buy wires with a thickness of more than 2.5 mm2. Power is calculated by adding the power of all electrical appliances that are available (iron, kettle, microwave, etc.). As a result, the number is quite large. It is for this that several separate branches are made during installation, for example, in each room. A separate branch has its own automatic protection. Therefore, no overload is allowed.

Correct installation of connections

Connections of aluminum and copper cables are made using special electrical terminals.
Connections of cables with stranded conductors are carried out with special sleeves for special. equipment.

What cable do you need

For new wiring in a residential area, a cable with three copper cores and double insulation is required. It would be better if the cores themselves are single-wire.

Breaking the scheme into groups

The breakdown of wiring into groups is carried out in two ways: a star or looping.
In the first method, all devices are divided into groups, and a separate branch from the apartment electrical panel is connected to each. Usually, this is one branch per room or a particularly powerful electrical appliance, such as an electric stove.
When looping, sockets located in the same wall, but on different sides, are combined into a group.

The house must be made of rigid cable, and it must be enclosed in triple wiring.

It is necessary to qualitatively fasten the cable to the surface, so that it is motionless. This can be achieved with the help of electrical brackets.

Do-it-yourself wiring in the house

Most often, in a frame house, the wiring is made open.

Although it has its drawbacks:

1) Wires not hidden in the wall look ugly;

2) There is a risk of damage to these wires.

When installing a cable with conventional insulation, a gasket will need to be installed under it. It must be refractory, for example, metal or. This gasket should protrude approximately one cm on all sides.

A well-known method of installing open wiring using twisted wires and ceramic rollers. But this method, although well-known, but not often used.

The most cost-effective and reliable way to install open wiring is with electrical brackets and fireproof cable.

But there are also disadvantages - not an aesthetic appearance of the wall along which the electrical wiring goes.

Do-it-yourself wiring in a frame house is a rather complicated system. Often, corrugated pipe is used for laying cables. This closes the two wires running along the wall, and this makes the wiring look more attractive. In addition, the pipe is made of heat-resistant material, and the risk of fire is reduced. And most importantly, the wires are reliably protected from mechanical damage. Plastics are attached to the wall with special clips.

In addition to corrugated pipes, plastic pipes can be used. Protection for wires must necessarily comply with all norms and standards.

Channels and boxes for wires

Another way to hide the wire is to install specialized plastic boxes.. As a rule, they are made of high-quality refractory plastic and perfectly protect the cable. Also, these boxes partially allow you to change the wiring configuration, for example, you can add sockets or switches.

When installing, pay attention to the quality of the walls in the room. Since shrinkage will occur in the first two years and may change slightly, as a result of which the electrical wire may be deformed, damaging the wiring. This is especially true for those built with their own hands.

Wiring inside walls

In order for the walls to look beautiful and clean, you can perform internal wiring in a frame house. Wiring in a frame house is a complex technical system, and it must be of high quality and reliable. Since frame houses are considered buildings of increased fire danger.

Because of this, all wires inside the walls must be properly fixed in metal pipes.

The use of plastic and other materials is undesirable, because only metal gives a one hundred percent guarantee of the non-proliferation of fire if the wiring is damaged.

When buying a metal pipe for internal wiring, it must be treated with special anti-rust agents.

You can also paint it, and then rust will not harm your wiring over time.

With uneven pipe, or pipe with bends and bends, welding should be used, but in such a way that the cable cannot come into contact with sharp edges. If the pipe consists of several parts, it is simply connected to each other by threads. It is necessary to close the place where the wire exits the pipe with a plastic nozzle. Condensation may collect in the metal pipe as a result of temperature differences. To drain drops down, the pipe is installed at a slope.

In general, hidden wiring in a frame house is beautiful, but during repairs you will have to disassemble the entire wall and remove all the decoration of the house.

In a frame private house, all parts of the wiring must be shielded with special metal boxes, this applies to sockets, switches and distributors.

Corrugation is also used as a metal pipe, although it is less safe. But it reduces the cost of building materials.

General information when connecting electricity in the house

Currently, the supply of electricity to a frame house is mainly carried out using a self-supporting insulated wire.

Such a wire has a reliable, UV-resistant, and high-quality insulation. As a rule, the insulation is made of cross-linked polyethylene.

To fix this cable, special tension devices are used. You can also use an insulator on high-quality metal brackets.

Installation should be carried out at a height of 2.75 meters from ground level.

When entering the wire from the outside into the frame house, the cable entry point must be equipped with a metal tube, which will perform two main tasks:

1) Will not allow the cable to come into contact with the tree, thereby reducing the risk of wood fire when the wiring is deformed.

2) With the shrinkage of the house and the mobility of the walls, the reliable metal frame of the pipe will perfectly protect the wires from mechanical external influences.

Meters can also be installed outside the frame house, placed in a protected electrical panel with a machine and a residual current device.

Having chosen this option, connect the SIP cable to it, and lay a copper cable from the electricity meter, which you will lead into the house. A special distribution electrical panel with automatic switches will perfectly distribute the wiring further throughout all the rooms of the house.

It is better to entrust the work on input and installation of the electric meter to specialists, because your safety will depend on the quality of the wiring. In strict order, all counters must be checked and sealed. And you can do the wiring with your own hands, while not forgetting to follow all safety rules.

Do not forget that the first step is to draw up a wiring diagram in a frame house.

When drawing a diagram, it is necessary to mark the passage and positions of all electrical devices, including sockets, lamps, lamps, switches, and more. This scheme will greatly simplify the installation and installation of wiring in a frame house, and will allow you to pre-calculate the number of wires, sleeves and other building materials.

To comply with fire safety, an electrician in a frame house is usually equipped externally. In this case, electrical communications are placed on top of vertical and / or horizontal surfaces. Such installation is preferable because frame houses are built from natural wood, which is highly flammable.

It is not difficult to do the wiring in a frame house with your own hands, the main thing is to carefully familiarize yourself with the process technology and prepare everything you need in advance.

To make the arrangement of electrical wiring, you will need tools such as:

screwdriver;
screwdrivers;
side cutters (nippers) and / or pliers;
pliers;
electric drill;
a set of flat (feather) drills;
technical knife;
hammer;
roulette;
level - building and / or laser;
a simple pencil and / or marker;
megohmmeter;
stepladder.

To install an electrician, you will need consumables such as:

electric cable;
metal hook for attaching the input cable;
fasteners - self-tapping screws, etc.;
plastic clips;
insulating tape;
electrode pins made of copper;
connecting tape made of metal;
corrugation.

For a frame house, only plastic corrugation is used. This will increase the degree of fire safety. It is better not to use metal corrugation for electrical wiring in a frame house.

More about electrical cable

To properly install an electrician in a frame house, you will need an electrical cable of the type:

SIP - it provides the input of power from the supporting pole of the power line to the house.
PVA is an elastic round cable, the basis of which is a set of copper cores protected by double insulation.
VVG is a rigid flat cable consisting of a single copper core.

VVG-cable is used only in special cases. It is inelastic, and switching with it will not work. The frame house should have a 3-core electrical wiring - phase, zero, ground.

A cable with a cross section of no more than 2.5 mm² is supplied to the sockets. Switches or lighting systems require 1.5 mm² wire. A cable with a cross section of 4-6 mm² must be connected to the boiler or electric stove.

Cable laying and grounding installation

There are 2 answers to the question of how to make a power supply to the house. In the first case, an overhead cable is used, which is supported on support poles. It is carried out from the supporting column of the power line by self-tensioning to the wall of the frame house. Here it needs to be fixed on the wall with special metal hooks. Next, the cable is brought to the meter and then pulled to the switchboard.

Grounding installation is carried out using copper pins-electrodes. The required length is 3 m. They need to be deepened into the ground by 50-70 cm. The step between adjacent electrodes is from 250 to 300 cm. The calculation of the required power, carried out according to a special scheme, will help determine the required number of electrodes.

After connecting, the circuit must be brought to the base of the frame house and the resistance checked with a megohmmeter. If necessary, add an additional electrode. The finished ground loop is connected to the switchboard by means of an elastic (flexible) wire. If the cable is laid underground, this requires additional costs and labor, but provides additional reliability.

First, you need to dig a ditch to a depth of 1 m. Level and compact the bottom. Then pour a pillow of sand. An armored cable is laid on it and covered with rubble. After marking with signal materials, the gasket must be buried.

preliminary stage

Installation of electrical wiring requires preliminary work. First, a layout of the required number of electrical outlets is drawn up. These include:

sockets;
lighting devices;
switches;
distribution board.

All of these objects are marked on a pre-compiled scale plan of the frame house. Subsequently, wiring will be carried out according to this scheme.

Load distribution

Junction boxes are mounted in a minimum number. The security of the network as a whole depends on the degree of load on a particular box.

It is advisable to take the advice of a specialist in order to correctly determine the load on the power grid. The layout of electrical outlets should be drawn up by a professional.

In rooms with a high level of moisture (bathroom, bath, winter garden), it is especially necessary to isolate the wiring. In this case, the cable and electrical points must be placed away from sources of moisture.

During planning, standards such as:

socket height above the floor surface - 30 cm;
the height of the switch above the floor surface is 90 cm.

In all residential and technical premises of the frame house, the location of the planned electrical points is marked. On the walls and ceiling it is necessary to put special signs (for example, crosses).

The main thing is to remember that the installation of electrical wiring in a frame house does not require switching branching (junction) boxes. From the distribution box to each required point, you need to stretch a separate piece of cable. This will reduce the number of connections in the overall design and prevent short circuits, fires, etc. during operation.

Hidden wiring

Internal (concealed) wiring involves placing all cables in the interior of walls and / or ceilings. This is done before the frame is sewn with the main material. Sockets, switches and / or wires for connecting ceiling lights (chandeliers) are mounted outside. Hidden wiring looks aesthetically pleasing and neat. Installed electrical outlets will not be able to be transferred later.

The cost of labor and materials is quite high. It is not possible to connect additional points later. A preventive inspection of the state of the electrical network will not work.

Outdoor wiring is installed after the construction of the house. Cable routing is carried out along the inner surface of the walls and ceiling. Each piece of cable must be pulled into the corrugation. A special steel wire located inside it will help fix the wire and pull it out to the required distance. The end of the corrugation must be secured with a thread (waxed thread). The waterproofing of the ends of the tube is carried out using an insulating tape made of polyvinyl chloride. This provides a connection between the corrugation and the cable. Further installation will not be complicated by wire slipping.

Fixing the corrugation with an electric cable on the wall and / or ceiling is carried out using plastic clips. They are placed every 0.5 m so that the corrugation does not subsequently sag.

From the switchboard, the cable is led along the ceiling to the required point. Then it must be brought to the outlet or switch strictly vertically.

Household electrical appliances that consume a large amount of energy should not be connected to ordinary sockets. For such equipment, a reinforced separate cable is carried out directly from the switchboard.

The state of the system is easy to monitor and repair during operation. In the future, it will be easy to add additional electrical outlets if necessary (for example, after acquiring complex electrical appliances). It should be remembered that in a frame house where external wiring was done, the interior design will be slightly disturbed. Therefore, cabling requires care.

For a frame house, it is best to choose a plastic switchboard. This will eliminate the need for grounding. For metal products, the installation of grounding is carried out without fail.

The shield is usually mounted on the wall with self-tapping screws. It is most convenient to place it in the hallway, internal pantry or corridor near the front door. The placement height is determined individually.

Key points to consider when choosing the location of the switchboard:

serviceability;
dry indoor climate;
protection of the shield from accidental contacts.

The following elements are located on the switchboard:

An introductory machine for instant de-energization of a frame house during repairs or in an emergency.
Residual current device - RCD, which will automatically stop the supply of electricity in the event of malfunctions or other problems with electrical appliances.
The metering device for consumed electricity is a meter.
A set of circuit breakers, installed from higher to lower rating. The number is determined by the number of in-house cables. Rating - the power of the internal wiring.
Ground and zero pads to which all cables are attached.
Phase indicator showing its presence using LEDs, a separate indication eye is required for each phase.

If the arrangement of electrical wiring in a frame house was carried out without grounding, it is necessary to install arresters. Such devices accept and neutralize natural discharges (lightning strike). This ensures the safety of household electrical appliances and house wiring.

After the completion of the installation work, you need to invite the employees of the electrical laboratory. They must perform all measurements and issue a document confirming the correctness of the electrical work.

The arrangement of electrical wiring in different types of premises is regulated by special regulatory documents. These, in particular, include: "Rules for the installation of electrical installations" (or PUE, mandatory for all consumers of electricity), SNiP 3.05.06-85 (concerning electrical devices), SNiP 31-02 (on the power supply of residential buildings), GOST R 50571.1 -93 (or Basic provisions for the electrical installation of buildings), GOST R 50571.15-97 (standardizes the installation and selection of electrical equipment), GOST 12.2.007.0-75 SSBT (on general safety requirements for electrical products), SP 31-110-2003 (concerns design and installation electrical installations in buildings).

Difficulties in arranging electrical wiring in a frame structure

Wiring in a frame cottage is an extremely important event (due to the potential fire hazard of these buildings). In such buildings, wiring can be both open and hidden. In any case, its organizers must comply with all applicable safety standards.

* Open wiring

Can be done in several ways:

- in an electrical corrugated pipe made of non-combustible plastic (the result is not very aesthetic, the pipe itself is an excellent dust collector, almost impossible to clean);

- in cable channels made of special PVC (disadvantages: possible shrinkage of the wooden components of the house can lead to cracking of the boxes and redoing the wiring; poor selection of appropriate fittings; not very presentable appearance; advantages: ease of subsequent changes, low cost, low labor costs);

- open cable.

In the latter case, rigid cables are usually used, enclosed in double / triple insulation made of refractory materials. Fastening to the surface is carried out using electrical brackets. Open wiring is quite economical and reliable. Its disadvantages include the low aesthetics of the resulting devices (especially if there is a laying of several cables).

Retro-style wiring on insulators looks quite impressive. It can be performed without violating safety standards, organically complementing vintage interiors so popular lately with it.

* Concealed wiring

This is usually done with wires (cables) in metal pipes (boxes). The degree of protection of such aids should be IP4X or higher, and the wall thickness may vary between 2.5-4 mm. The last parameter depends on the diameter of the current-carrying conductors - the metal structure must withstand a short circuit without burning out the walls. The inner surface of the pipes must be galvanized or painted, which will protect the walls from rusting. Turns and bends should be made using threads or welding. Pipe laying should be carried out with a certain slope to ensure that the resulting condensate drains. It is very convenient (but not very cheap) to use easily bending copper pipes when arranging wiring.

Mounted pipes must be grounded. It is very important to carry out their installation without breaks in the mounting and junction boxes. When choosing pipes for laying hidden electrical wiring, do not forget about the optimal diameter. It is necessary that the cables fit freely into the selected element, occupying approximately 40% of the pipe section. The ends of metal pipes are bordered with plastic bushings in order to prevent damage to the wires.

Experts warn that the use of PVC boxes and corrugations, as well as metal hoses, is allowed for hidden wiring only if fireproof material is laid between the flammable surfaces and the indicated elements (along their entire length), such as: plaster, alabaster, concrete, etc. This the method of laying - along a 10 mm thick plank - is very costly. In addition, it is impossible to predict with certainty how such a base (say, plaster) will behave after some time. Perhaps it will fall off or go cracked ...

Hidden wiring is a very costly event: both in terms of effort, material resources, and time. In addition, it is necessary to provide for its use even at the stage of building construction. Regardless of the type of wiring, it must be done so that you can change the laid cables (wires) if necessary.

About brands and sizes

Before proceeding with the installation, it is necessary to determine the type of each room (by humidity) and select the appropriate materials. In this case, the sequence of arranging the wiring (both hidden and open) will be as follows:

- markings (mark the places where the electrical wire enters the house, the location of the shield, junction boxes, sockets, switches, etc.);

- counting the number of accessories, wire length;

- preparation of electrical wiring elements (punching through holes, installation of embedded parts, etc.);

— installation and connection of sockets/switches, lamps;

- connecting disparate elements into a common circuit, checking it, isolating the joints.

It is important to remember that for wiring on flammable surfaces (which include wooden walls / partitions) use:

- in damp rooms - wires of the APRI brand (in houses in rural areas);

- in wet - APPR, APRN;

- in dry - APRN, APRF, APPR.

All sockets, junction boxes and switches in a frame building must be installed in metal boxes.

The insulation and sheaths of the wires and cables used must comply with the chosen laying method, the rated voltage of the network, and the environmental conditions. In living rooms, PVA electric wire and VVG cables are usually used. NYM cables are also quite popular, having auxiliary chalk-rubber insulation, which increases the safety of the electrical network operated in difficult conditions.

What should be provided in the frame structure?

To increase the comfort of the inhabitants of the frame cottage and reduce operating costs, you can:

* for laying electrical wiring, use a copper wire of sufficient (with a margin) section;

* include a power distributor in the shield, which makes it possible to temporarily turn off a number of consumers (say, underfloor heating, an electric water heater, etc.) when the load is exceeded by priority consumers (electric stove, certain household appliances), followed by automatic switching on of the first (so as not to exceed the maximum allowable power );

* provide for the presence of automation (switches with motion / light sensors, etc.).

Frame housing construction is accompanied by various myths, some of which are indirectly related to the electrical supply of such a structure. For example, they often talk about the high fire hazard of prefabricated buildings. Note that this fact is largely due to the specific materials used in the construction of the house. As for the wiring, made by skilled craftsmen using “correct” components, in compliance with all the rules, SNiPs and GOSTs, it will serve you faithfully for many years without increasing the fire hazard of your home.