Installation of a sewer pipe in the house. Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house: a scheme for the disposal of waste products

How to properly make a sewer in a private house so that it lasts for many years? It is desirable to involve professionals in this issue, but if you have some skills, you can do everything yourself. Also, despite the fact that the basic requirements for the sewer system are individual, it is necessary to involve specialists in its design. Only compliance with all technological and technical standards will ensure private house quality drainage.

What is the sewer system?

How to make a sewer in a private house, taking into account all the requirements normative documents in the construction industry? For a one-story or two-story building, it is necessary to make a system that will consist of the following components:

Ready or homemade septic tank (cesspool). It is intended for storage and filtration of drains. Settled outside the home and has a rather complex scheme.
Pipes for laying external sewerage. Any home septic tank must be connected to the building, which is carried out using these elements. Such pipes tolerate temperature extremes well, are characterized by increased strength and wear resistance, which allows them not to collapse under the pressure of water and soil.
Pipes and fittings for wiring internal sewerage. It consists of elements having a diameter of 40 to 110 mm. Fittings are also necessary for arranging the sewerage system in the house, since they are used to draw up bends, revisions and turns.
Thermal insulation for pipes. Do-it-yourself sewerage device in a private house is impossible without modern heaters. With their help, pipes are insulated, which prevents them from freezing. The installation of pipe thermal insulation should be carried out not only outside the building, but also inside in unheated rooms (basement, basement of the building).

Types of septic tanks

When installing a sewer for a country house, what to choose as a septic tank? There are many options for the device of this element of the system.

Cesspool without a bottom

The sewerage device in a country house with the help of a cesspool has its advantages:

small cost. The cesspool is a kind of well that has no bottom. Its walls can be made of monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete, brick;
simple operating principle. After sewage enters the cesspool, clean water seeps into the soil, and solid waste settles at its bottom;
no difficulties during the installation of the structure. There is no need to carry out bulk earthworks.

The disadvantages of this design scheme include that it is suitable only for those houses where the average daily volume of effluents does not exceed 1 cubic meter. m. Otherwise, the surrounding soil and groundwater are contaminated with household waste.

sealed tank

Do-it-yourself sewerage of a country house can be formed from hermetic tanks of large volume, which are made of plastic, metal or other materials. You can buy them ready-made or make your own. In this case, a sewerage project in a private house involves the use of prefabricated ones. The bottom of such a septic tank will be formed from monolithic concrete and the lid is made of metal.

The disadvantage of this design is that the container will fill up over time. After the accumulation of a certain amount of waste, it is necessary to call a special machine that pumps them out. The advantage of a sealed tank is that it can be used when there is a high level ground water.

Single chamber septic tank

The installation of sewerage in a private house very often occurs using a single-chamber septic tank. It is a cesspool, the bottom of which is filled with rubble by 30 cm and sand by the same thickness. The advantage of this design is that the water, penetrating through the so-called "filtration field" is cleared by approximately 50%.

Two-chamber septic tank

How to properly sewer to prevent contamination of the site with household waste? In this case, it is recommended to use a system of overflow settling wells.

The structure of such a sewerage system in a private house includes two containers. One of them is hermetic, the other is without a bottom, but sprinkled with a layer of rubble and sand.

Waste from the house goes into the first container. After a while they settle there. All solid particles sink to the bottom of the septic tank, and fat rises to the top. The waste that is in the middle is relatively clean. It is they who fall into the well without a bottom. This happens through a pipe that connects two containers and is placed at a slight slope at the level of 2/3 of the height of the septic tanks.

Over time, the first well collects too much waste that needs to be pumped out. This should be done once every 5-6 months.

DIY septic tank

What is the easiest way to make a septic tank?

How can you make a sewer in a private house with your own hands so that it works as efficiently as possible? First of all, you need to take care of the septic tank. To arrange local sewage in a private house, you should follow these instructions:

Digging a pit. The dug hole should have a size that is slightly larger than the dimensions of the tanks. It is necessary to rely on the fact that at the bottom of the septic tank you need to pour a layer of rubble and sand, and on the sides - to equip clay castle. If the sewer for a country house is foreseen for a small number of people (1-3), then the foundation pit can be dug manually. Otherwise, it is recommended to use the services of an excavator.
Foundation arrangement. When constructing a sewerage system in a private house, the bottom of the dug hole must be leveled, then covered with sand and compacted. On the site where the first tank (sump) will be installed, waterproofing must be laid. For this purpose, clay or a concrete disk should be used.
Installation of containers. Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house should consist of two separate tanks, which are formed from concrete rings. In order for the system to work effectively, all joints must be sealed without fail. Such a sewerage scheme in a private house will prevent runoff from entering the soil and groundwater.
Arrangement of the bottom of containers. This sewerage scheme provides that the bottom of the first tank must be sealed. To do this, it is concreted, and the top is processed bituminous mastic and lay a layer of roofing material. Also, to build an efficient sewer system, the bottom of the second well is covered with rubble or pebbles.
Overflow design. In order for the sewerage system of a country house to work correctly, the installed tanks must be connected to each other with an overflow pipe. It is installed at a distance of 1.5 m from the bottom. A T-fitting is also mounted on the pipe. It allows the intake of the liquid itself, which is separated from the organic matter.
Cover installation. For a local sewage system for a private house, reinforced concrete slabs are mounted on top of each tank.
Installation of hatches and ventilation. In order to avoid an unpleasant smell on the site, they install ventilation pipe. Also, each well is closed with hatches, which, if necessary, must be opened.

Pipe laying on the street

Should be carried out according to the following scheme:

Digging a trench. A small trench is made from the septic tank to the house. Its depth should be greater than the depth of soil freezing (water supply is also laid). When constructing a trench, it is necessary to ensure a slope from the house to the storage tanks for a good outflow of liquid (about 2 cm 1 m).
Pipe laying. How to sewer in a private house, which pipeline to choose? It is recommended to choose one that has a diameter of at least 110 mm.
Thermal insulation. If the pipes are laid shallow, then it is possible to prevent their freezing by warming.
Final stage. One end of the pipe is inserted through a concrete wall, carefully sealing the joints. Also, in order to carry out the installation of sewage in a private house with your own hands, you must not forget to leave a small hole in the foundation or basement at the stage of its construction. A pipe is inserted through it, after inserting a metal washer.

Internal Network Design Rules

The device of the internal network is considered an important step in the installation of sewers for a private house, how to do everything right? Do-it-yourself sewer wiring in a private house occurs with the installation of the following structural elements:

riser. This is a central pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, which is installed in a vertical position. It connects all existing circuits in the house together. For a small building, one riser is usually enough;
. It is installed on the top of the riser. Such a pipe is necessary for the removal of accumulated gases to the environment;
main branches. Pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are used to connect plumbing fixtures with a riser. This system does not have forced circulation, therefore, it is necessary to provide for drainage (3 cm per 1 m);
supply pipes. Are applied to connection of releases of devices with highways;
revisions. They are a tee, where one outlet is closed with a hatch. Audits are necessary for the performance of repair and maintenance work of various kinds. They are usually installed at all turns, branches, at the base and end of the riser.

If you adhere to this scheme for the construction of the sewer system, it will work efficiently and without failures.

The system is one of the most important and expensive engineering communications of a private residential building. The efficiency of functioning, the complexity of installation, the number and cost of elements of this system depend on the development of the project. The grafical part project documentation, in accordance with which the sewerage system is installed in a private house with their own hands - layout diagram plumbing devices, connections and revisions. This article provides information on regulatory requirements and the main problems of drawing up layout diagrams, criteria for choosing sewer equipment and the features of its installation.

Read in the article

Rules for drawing up a sewerage scheme with your own hands in a private house

When drawing up a sewerage scheme, it is necessary to take into account regulatory requirements, both sanitary and construction:

TCP 45-4.01-51-2007"Water supply and sewerage systems of manor houses";
SanPiN 42-128-4690-88"Sanitary rules for the maintenance of territories of populated areas";
SanPiN 4630"Sanitary rules and norms for the protection of surface waters from pollution";
SNiP 30-02-97"Planning and development of territories of horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures."

When determining the volume and capacity of sewer pipelines, it is necessary to focus on the average water consumption per person. Sumps and cesspools should not be located closer than 4 m to the border of the neighboring plot and 15 m to drinking water.

The diagram should describe the mechanism for connecting the internal and external sewage, the type and structure of the septic tank, what products and equipment will be used, its technical specifications. Based on the list of materials used, the cost is calculated. The graphic part should be linked to the plan of the house and the backyard, where the places for laying pipelines and installing plumbing products will be indicated.

Key Factors Affecting Layout and Design

In addition to calculating the average daily water consumption, the following factors influence the design of the sewerage scheme:

The magnitude of the volley discharge- peak load on the sewerage system (as a rule, falls on the morning and evening hours), which depends on the number of plumbing fixtures installed in the house;
Performance treatment facilities . Depending on this indicator, one of three options for removing purified Wastewater:

up to 5 m 3 / day - discharge into the soil. Provided that the soil filtration coefficient has comparable indicators, and the discharge point is 1 m above the groundwater level;
up to 0.3 m 3 / day - periodic removal by a special vehicle is allowed;
The discharge of wastewater into a reservoir is regulated not only by their quantity, but also by the degree of treatment in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4630.

M material for the manufacture of sewage treatment plants:, fiberglass, metal, various polymers (, polyethylene). From specifications the material depends on the structural design of the structure, the method of installation, further maintenance and operation;
Power supply. Modern highly efficient treatment facilities are equipped with various types, compressors and aerators. They are based on electronic control units to which temperature and liquid level detectors are connected;
Building site topology- terrain, slope direction, proximity to water bodies and the presence of potential places for discharge of treated sewage water;
Geodesy of the construction site- the type and structure of the soil, the depth of its freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater are determined. The complexity and cost of installation work, the need for additional or the purchase of a sealed septic tank with a closed cleaning cycle depend on these factors.

Varieties of sewer facilities and features of their functioning

In accordance with TKP 45-4.01-51-2007, the following types of treatment facilities are allowed for the arrangement and laying of sewers in a private house:

septic tank;
filter well;
underground filtration field;
filter trench;

Important! In most cases, the listed facilities should be used in conjunction with a septic tank, which performs primary rough cleaning.

septic tank

The most common, when arranging a sewer for a private house with your own hands, are two types of septic tanks:

Cumulative - are sealed plastic containers. They are affordable, do not require connection to the power supply network, and can be installed in close proximity to sources / wells. drinking water. A significant disadvantage is the need for constant pumping of wastewater, therefore, constant payment for sewage services.

With soil cleaning. Primary treatment of sewage water is carried out in sealed containers, where large fecal fractions settle to the bottom and are exposed to anaerobic bacteria. “Clarified” wastewater, the degree of purification of which does not exceed 40%, is pumped forcibly or falls by gravity into the filtration facilities, from which, after the final stage of cleaning, they seep into the ground.

Filter well

Effluent entering the tank passes through a gravel filter and seeps through it to the bottom and perforated walls, and from there into the ground.

pipe;
Plate chipper;
Pipe for the flow of waste.

For arrangement, solid or perforated reinforced concrete rings 0.9 m high, with an internal diameter of at least 1.0 m and a wall thickness of 8 cm. The filter layer is medium-sized gravel, which must be periodically removed, washed and returned to the tank in order to avoid excessive soil contamination. As a material for the manufacture of walls, it is often used (with holes in the masonry), plastic of large diameter or car tires. Such options are much cheaper, but significantly reduce the life of the structure.

Underground filtration field

On the site lay with perforated walls. Through them, runoff is distributed over a large drainage area and soaked into the soil, passing more evenly and in small quantities through the gravel pack. This method is associated with a significant amount earthworks. When determining the depth of the pit, it is necessary to take into account:

Gravel filter thickness - 20÷50 cm;
Diameter of perforated pipes - 20÷50 cm;
The distance from the soil surface to the upper edge of the filtration pipeline is 50 cm.

In addition, when forming the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to provide for a slope from the septic tank along the flow direction of 2 cm for each running meter. The distance between the pipes depends on the type of soil. For sand with a filtration coefficient of 5 ÷ 25 m/day - 2.5 m. For coarse sand filler with a filtration coefficient of 25 ÷ 100 m/day and a gravel filter with a filtration coefficient of 75 ÷ 300 m/day - a distance reduction of up to 2 m is allowed.

At the ends of filtration pipelines, it is mandatory to install a 100 mm diameter, at least 70 cm high above the soil surface.

filter trench

The filter trench performs the same functions as the underground filtration field, collecting wastewater after a septic tank, their additional treatment and discharge into the ground. A significant difference is the vertical arrangement of the pipes. This method is no less effective and can be implemented on a much smaller area. Allowed only in areas with a deep water table, since the trench must also have a significant depth.

The total length of the pipeline and the number of pipes and the depth of the trench is calculated according to the same methodology used for underground filtration fields. The width of the trench is taken according to the standard of 0.5 m, the distance between the upper and lower pipes is 0.8 ÷ 1 m, the maximum length of the pipeline is 30 m. If it is necessary to arrange from 2 or more trenches, the distance between them must be at least 3 m.

STP scheme components

The most effective for a private house are sewer systems related to deep biological treatment plants. They are sealed containers, divided into several functional compartments. As a rule, they have a vertical orientation, can be installed by hand and do not take up much space. The principle of operation of such installations is the interaction of fecal matter and organic pollutants with anaerobic bacteria in an environment saturated with air using aeration installations.

Important! Biological treatment plants require some maintenance. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria by periodically adding a special concentrate to the appropriate compartment. In everyday life, you can not use excessively aggressive chemical substances that can kill bacteria. The unit must be connected to the power supply.

The cleaning process is carried out in stages:

In the first section, which occupies largest volume, the pollutants are separated into fractions. Heavy and insoluble substances sink to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned with a car vacuum cleaner;
In the second section (aerotank), wastewater is enriched with atmospheric oxygen by aeration. This is where the active phase of cleaning takes place by biodegradation by bacteria;
In the third section - a sump, activated sludge is settled;
From the fourth section, where water enters with the help of a jet pump from the secondary clarifier, completely purified water is discharged from the treatment device through an overflow pipe or a drainage pump.

Internal sewerage device in a private house - diagram and recommendations

The composition of the internal sewerage includes the following elements;

Plumbing fixtures:,;
Sewer riser and ventilation pipe attached to it;
Branch lines;
Check valve.

Horizontal pipelines are installed with a slope. When laying sewers in a private house, the normative indicators of the slope are often neglected, making it “by eye”, significantly exceeding the recommended coefficient. As a result, sewage solids do not have time to be washed out of the pipes along with water, they accumulate inside, creating traffic jams.

Table of dependence of the slope on the diameter of sewer pipes for a private house of pipes

Diameter, mm	Optimal slope	Minimum allowable slope
50	0,035	0,025
100	0,02	0,012
150	0,01	0,007
200	0,008	0,003

Connection to the riser of branch pipelines is carried out using oblique tees and crosses. Installation of sewer pipes, utility and technical rooms is allowed to be carried out in an open way. Fastening is carried out with special couplings with dowels, or pipes are located on supports. In residential premises, as a rule, hidden installation is performed. Sewer pipelines are located in technical niches and shafts, ducts, under the floor. For maintenance - periodic cleaning, the main riser and drainage sewer lines are equipped with revisions in accordance with the standards:

Sewer riser on the lower and upper floors of a private house;
Branch lines to which three or more plumbing fixtures are connected;
At the bends of the pipeline (this is where solid insoluble waste residues most often accumulate);
On leprous horizontal areas every 8 m.

Video of arranging a sewer in a private house with your own hands, the correct laying of pipes with a slope:

Which pipes to choose

The optimal material for pipes for sewerage of a private house are polymers. Products made from them are lightweight and can be installed by hand without the involvement of assistants. The industry produces a large number of adapters, tees, crosses and couplings across the entire range of diameters used. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require long-term training and special skills. The exemplary material is not subject to corrosion and aggressive effects of household chemicals, it has a long service life. For the sewerage of a private house, the following polymers are most often used:

PVP (high density polyethylene)- Affordable, but sensitive to temperature changes. The maximum operating temperature should not exceed +40°С;
PP()– has good performance, maximum operating temperature +100°C, withstands aggressive chemicals and significant mechanical stress, has a rather high cost;
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)- material with the best combination of cost and quality. It can be used for both external and internal sewerage. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical impacts of medium intensity, temperatures up to +70°C. However, during long-term operation, plaque may appear on the walls, which leads to clogging.

Pipe connection

The most common way to install a plastic pipeline is a socket connection. It is performed if the pipe or fitting has a corresponding structural element - a socket. The connection process is as follows:

The bell and the smooth end are cleared of pollution;
A rubber seal is inserted into a special recess inside the socket, ensuring the tightness of the joints;
Lubricate the smooth end of the other pipe with silicone grease or ordinary liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;

Important! It is necessary to provide for the possibility of thermal expansion. To do this, a marker is made on the smooth part of the pipe, after which it is pulled 1 cm out of the socket.

Do-it-yourself stages of work on sewerage in a private house

The sequence of arranging the sewer system of a private house can be divided into several stages:

Determination of the amount of wastewater, the volume and performance of the septic tank;
Determination of the location of the septic tank on the plot in accordance with sanitary standards;
The device of the internal sewer network;
Installation of external treatment facilities;
Laying of the pipeline and connections of external treatment facilities and internal sewerage.

Calculation of the volume of a septic tank

Table of water consumption standards for a private residential building.

Type of housing and type of life	Consumption, l / day for 1 person
Residential building equipped with plumbing and sewerage system without bath	125÷160
A residential building equipped with a water supply and sewerage system with a bathroom and a local one looks like this: V = n × Q × 3 / 1000 , where V - the volume of the septic tank in m 3; n – number of permanent residents; Q - average water consumption per person in m 3; 3 - number of days full cycle cleaning (according to SNiP). For example, with an average consumption of 0.2 m 3 / person / day, taking into account a three-day reservation, a family of 4 will need a septic tank with a volume of 2.4 m 3. To facilitate calculations, we have developed a handy calculator especially for our readers. Calculator for calculating the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of residents
For year-round operation of a private residential building	During seasonal operation of a country house
gravel, crushed stone	0.15÷0.20	0.18÷0.24
coarse sand	0.10÷0.15	0.12÷0.18
	0.05÷0.10	0.06÷0.12

Table of the volume of domestic wastewater per 1 linear meter of the pipeline of the underground filtration field:

Composition of the filtrate	The maximum volume of treated sewage, m 3 / day per 1 m linear drainage pipeline
Composition of the filtrate	Up to 500	500÷600	Over 600
Gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand	0.012÷0.025	0.0096÷0.0225	0.0084÷0.02
Fine sand, sandy loam	0.006÷0.020	0.0048÷0.18	0.0042÷0.016

Table of the volume of domestic wastewater per 1 linear meter of the filtration trench pipeline.

Do-it-yourself internal sewerage wiring in a private house

The efficiency of the sewer system of a private house, as well as the ease of arranging it with your own hands, depends on the layout of the entire structure. It is considered optimal if the kitchen and bathroom are located as close as possible to each other, this minimizes the length of the sewer pipeline and allows you to connect all plumbing fixtures to one riser. When installing the internal sewage system of a private house with your own hands, the following factors must be considered:

it is necessary to connect directly to the main riser of the sewer system at the minimum possible distance from the pipe, this will reduce the likelihood of blockage of the plumbing fixture;
It is recommended that other plumbing fixtures be connected to the sewer network above the toilet connection level, this will exclude the possibility of fecal masses entering the outlet lines;
Piping must be rotated using several angled elbows. For example, two 45° or three 30°, this will provide a smoother turn and avoid clogging;
The sewer riser is necessarily displayed on the roof, where a fan hood is mounted on it, providing a sewer inside; Ways to connect the toilet to the sewer riser
Installation and equipment of the sewage tank
For the installation of a septic tank, regardless of its model, a pit breaks out with dimensions slightly larger than the dimensions of the tank. At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion about 10 cm thick is arranged. It is compacted and leveled as much as possible. To install septic tanks in the pit, it is recommended to use lifting construction equipment, since some models have a rather significant weight. In most cases, fasteners are provided on the case. After installation, the container must be leveled. Neck extensions may be required depending on the design.
Article

Regardless of whether a private house is connected to a central or autonomous sewer, the sewage disposal system on the street must be equipped independently. Before starting this work, you need to develop an installation scheme that allows you to bypass minimum size piping and sewer lines.

This will reduce the cost of purchasing material and increase the efficiency of the wastewater disposal system. Particular attention should be paid to the depth of pipe laying, the angle of their inclination and the reliability of flange connections, since the performance of the sewer depends on these parameters.

Connecting a private house to the sewer

Circumstances and layout of external sewage

The outer part of the sewer system in a private house connects the outlet of the internal drain with a waste storage tank located on the site, or with a central sewer, with a pipeline network. Read about the internal wiring in the house in the article. Laying of external sewer pipes is carried out according to a scheme developed in advance, taking into account the following circumstances:

terrain features;
weather;
remoteness of wells and reservoirs;
the total volume of effluents, depending on the number of people permanently residing in the house;
the depth of soil freezing and its composition;
ways of access of the car of a vacuum truck if necessary.

In the scheme of laying the external sewage system, it is imperative to provide for its ventilation, since otherwise, over time, unpleasant odors will penetrate into the living quarters. Read about the rules for the sewer ventilation device in the article. Ventilation is equipped with a fan pipe, which can be placed on the lid of the septic tank or on the section of the pipeline that runs from the house to the wastewater storage tank.

Scheme of arrangement of autonomous external sewerage

The septic tank is equipped at the lowest point of the geological relief of the site. This arrangement allows you to most optimally perform the installation of external sewage. It should be laid in a straight line to the location of the outlet pipe of the internal sewage disposal system.

Choosing a drain location

When choosing the location of the drain, it is worth, first of all, to take care that bad smell did not enter the premises. As a result, it should be located no closer than five meters from the house. The optimal distance will be ten meters, it is also not worth placing a septic tank too far, since this significantly increases the cost of performing work on laying the pipeline network. The external sewage connection to the house should not be carried out at a right angle. In addition, the following must be taken into account:

water sources should be located no closer than thirty meters;
a septic tank cannot be installed on the border of a neighboring plot;
for the convenience of pumping out sewage, it is better to place drains near the road;
especially careful sealing of the storage tank is needed when the groundwater is located close;
the laying of the pipeline network facilitates the natural slope of the terrain.

Rules for placing a septic tank on the site

A cesspool for sewerage has been used since ancient times. Previously, they did not waste energy on sealing its walls, and when the pit was filled, it was covered with earth and a new one was dug out. Now the walls are made of bricks, concrete rings and other building materials.

Liquid waste fractions seep through the soil at the bottom, being filtered, solid components gradually fill the mine, and after a while they need to be pumped out.

The arrangement of a cesspool is advisable if the volume of wastewater in a private house does not exceed the value of one cubic meter per day. If this limit is exceeded, environmental pollution will occur.

Instead of a cesspool, you can equip a sealed container for the accumulation of wastewater. In this case, a thorough waterproofing of the bottom and walls of the shaft is performed. Thus, the possibility of contamination of the soil and drinking sources is prevented. The disadvantage of this system is the need for frequent cleaning, since the sealed container fills up rather quickly.

Decide on the type of treatment plant

Treatment facilities for a private house are equipped in the form of a simple cesspool without a bottom or sealed container for waste water. To improve the filtration of wastewater allows a single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning or a two-chamber septic tank with a filter well. A variant of the construction of three chambers with a filtration field, as well as with the use of a biofilter and an air supply system is possible.

Tire filtration septic tank

A single-chamber septic tank, in essence, is a cesspool with a drainage layer. Crushed stone or gravel mixed with sand is poured at the bottom of the well. Passing through the filter layer, the liquid fractions of the waste are cleaned before entering the soil. After some time, the drainage layer must be replaced, as silt deposits are deposited on it. A single-chamber septic tank is suitable for a private house with a small amount of wastewater.

A two-chamber septic tank consists of a storage tank and a filter well, which are connected by an overflow pipe. In the sump, the faeces are partially clarified, then they fall into the mine with a drainage layer at the bottom. They seep into the soil already sufficiently cleaned.

A two-chamber septic tank is a popular sewerage option for a private house, as it does not require large financial costs for its equipment and works efficiently.

Installing a septic tank of two or more chambers, as well as a filtration field, virtually eliminates the possibility of environmental pollution. Settling in the first tank, the partially clarified effluent through the overflow pipe enters the next chamber with anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic residues. Read about how to make a septic tank with your own hands from improvised materials in the article

After successively passing through all sections, the effluents enter the filtration field, which is an underground area of about thirty square meters, where the final soil cleaning. If available on site free space this way of arranging sewage is optimal.

Diagram of a septic tank with a biofilter

A septic tank with a biofilter is a station deep cleaning sewers. According to the principle of operation, it is similar to a treatment system with a filtration field, only in this case it is replaced by a water separator and anaerobic bacteria settled at the outlet of the overflow pipe into the fourth section, which cleans the wastewater by approximately ninety-five percent. Such water can be used for technical needs.

It is irrational to install deep cleaning stations in private houses with periodic residence, because if the sewage system of this design is not used constantly, the bacteria that decompose organic residues die. In addition, they are quite expensive.

Sewer pipe laying depth

The depth of soil freezing is a fundamental factor when deepening sewer pipes into the ground. They must be laid below the freezing point, otherwise they will freeze in winter, and it will be impossible to use the sewer until the spring thaw. The appearance of even small ice growths on the internal surfaces of pipelines leads to a decrease in their permeability and the formation of blockages.

Map of normative freezing depths

In the southern regions, the depth of laying sewer pipes is fifty or more centimeters, in the central regions - seventy or more centimeters. You need to know exactly the depth of soil freezing in your area in order not to go deeper into the ground than necessary, since in this case the cost of doing the work will increase.

Organization of the withdrawal of the sewer pipe from the house

The organization of the withdrawal of the sewer pipe from the house depends on the stage of readiness for operation of the building. If the house has just been built, shrinkage of the foundation is possible, therefore, drilling a hole in it to bring out the sewer pipe should be of a noticeably larger diameter than the cross section of the pipe itself.

Variants of schemes for the withdrawal of sewerage from the house

In the event that the house is just being built, the outlet pipe can be walled up during the laying of the foundation. The foundation of a house built several years ago will no longer settle, so the diameter of the hole drilled for the outlet pipe does not need to be increased. Plumbing fixtures should be located at a short distance from the common drain, since in this case it is easier to connect them to a common outlet. If the house has two or more floors, the bathrooms should be placed one above the other, in which case one riser can be dispensed with.

Do-it-yourself installation of external sewage in a private house

The external sewage system consists of a cleaning tank and a piping system connecting the septic tank to the house. Before performing installation work, an external sewerage scheme is applied on the site plan.

Practical options for removing sewers from the house

Then special pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm are selected, intended for outdoor use. Usually they have Orange color. A trench is dug to lay the pipeline. Its depth is selected depending on the climatic features of the area, the composition and characteristics of the soil, as well as other factors. If necessary, the pipeline network is insulated.

The most time-consuming part of the work when installing a sewer with your own hands in a private house is digging a pit for a cesspool or septic tank. The optimal distance at which the septic tank is removed from the house is about ten meters.

The volume of the storage capacity directly depends on the number of people permanently residing in the house and the frequency of their use of plumbing fixtures.

It is best to connect the storage tank to the outlet of the internal sewer in a straight line, bends and turns of the pipeline system increase the likelihood of clogging. For the convenience of cleaning, a long line in places of change of direction must be equipped with inspection hatches.
This is what a properly equipped external sewer looks like

Wastewater moves through the pipeline system by gravity, under the influence of gravitational forces, so you need to maintain the correct angle of inclination. If it is too small, large fragments of waste will be retained and the sewer will become clogged.

If the slope is too great, solid fractions will be thrown to the walls of the pipe, and again it will become clogged. Information on the correct sewer slope can be found in the article.

The desired angle is maintained and controlled by the building level when digging a trench, its depth increases as it approaches the storage tank or central sewer. A shock-absorbing cushion is laid at the bottom of the ditch, which is a sand mound, pipes are laid directly on it. If it is necessary to change the slope of the pipes, sand is poured in the right place.

An important operational parameter of the sewer system is the depth of the pipeline network. It must necessarily be below the freezing point of the soil in the region. Otherwise, in winter, frozen sewage can break the pipeline network and disable the sewer. To carry out repairs will have to wait for the spring thaw.

How to properly equip pipe insulation

To prevent the occurrence of emergencies in the cold season, it is better to perform thermal insulation of the sewer. Many modern materials, such as polyurethane foam, fiberglass or mineral wool, have good thermal insulation qualities. You can properly equip the thermal insulation of the pipe by simply wrapping it with insulation and placing it in a sheath made of a mixture of asbestos and cement.

Options for insulation of external sewerage

You can also fix a plastic film over the thermal insulation. In cold northern regions to protect sewer pipes from freezing insulation layer additionally equipped with an electric heating system. In any case, the pipeline network must be laid below the freezing depth of the soil, especially if snowdrifts melt in the spring on the surface. Interesting experience on laying pipes of external sewerage can be gleaned from the following video.

From this article you can learn how to create a sewer in a private house with your own hands: a diagram on the basis of which the construction of a waste system is carried out, its phased production with useful tips and recommendations from specialists, information about laying a pipeline and related procedures. An overview of popular types of sewage, their features, specificity for suburban areas and prices for them.

Unlike city apartments, not every private or Vacation home has all communication systems. Therefore, the owners of such housing are forced to carry out their laying on their own in order to provide elementary conditions of comfort. If the organization of this system, along with water supply, was originally included in the design of the building, then there should be no problems with their construction. It is much more difficult if you have to include a sewerage system in a private house that is already ready.

The simplest option for implementing such an idea would be a project in which the sink and shower are installed inside the building, and the toilet is located outside of it on the street. In this case, you can do without complex work for laying the pipeline, as well as the installation of treatment facilities. This scheme involves the removal of the sewer from the house and its supply to the sewer pit.

The second option is more difficult, since the toilet, shower and sink in this case are located inside the building. If incorrect calculations are made or the system construction technology is violated, there is a risk of contamination of the site and water located nearby with waste. In such situations, a septic tank is indispensable.

Useful advice! Experts recommend placing toilets, bathrooms and kitchens nearby. Due to this, it is possible to organize a single collector, thanks to which the waste liquid will be sent to a sewer or septic tank.

How to choose a sewerage scheme for a private one-story house

To choose the right sewerage system and the scheme for its creation, you need to consider the following factors:

whether the house serves for permanent or temporary residence;
groundwater level;
the number of people living in the house on a permanent basis;
daily water consumption, taking into account the needs of residents and household appliances such as a dishwasher or washing machine;
climatic conditions;
the area of the suburban area to determine the available areas for the installation of a cleaning system;
type of soil and features of its structure;
normative instructions SNIP.

Conditionally existing sewage systems can be divided into two categories: storage and purification. A more detailed classification will allow you to choose the type of system that meets the operating conditions, since even the same type of circuits can have significant differences.

A pit latrine is most often used for sites with a house used for temporary residence, for example, only a week a month. This does not consume a lot of water. An important condition is the laying of the groundwater level no higher than 1 m from the bottom of the pit. Otherwise, water pollution by sewage is inevitable. This type of sewer system is rarely used in modern construction.

Capacities accumulative type used for the construction of sewerage in a private house with high level ground water. Since the tank is sealed, there is no risk of soil contamination with waste. However, this system has drawbacks. Firstly, the additional costs associated with the need to call a sewage machine for periodic pumping of wastewater. Secondly, the scheme will have to provide a place for the entry of this equipment to the site and its placement.

Types of sewers in a private house with their own hands: photos and features of septic tanks

Single-chamber septic tanks are the simplest soil purification systems. Their principle of operation is in many ways similar to cesspools. The scheme is suitable if the groundwater is not high. If the house is used for permanent residence and there is an active use of water, then it is not recommended to use the scheme of a single-chamber septic tank for the construction of a sewerage system.

Two-chamber septic tanks are also dependent on the groundwater level. It is desirable that they lie at least 1 m below the day of the system.

Useful advice! In order for the sewerage in the form of a two-chamber septic tank to function normally, it is recommended to change the sand and gravel that was used during construction every 5 years.

Septic tanks with biological filters are considered the best systems sewers in a private house where people live on a permanent basis. For waste processing, special microorganisms are used, which result in there are no restrictions on such sewage, only a connection to the electrical network is required.

A septic tank with a filtration field performs two cleaning methods at once - soil and biological. The tank is divided into two sections. The installation of such a sewer is possible only if the groundwater runs at a depth of at least 2.5-3 m. A significant amount of free space will be required for construction. Moreover, to neighboring buildings, as well as to the nearest sources of water, there should not be less than 30 m.

Aerotanks or systems with forced air supply are very expensive, but due to their advantages, they justify the money spent. Such structures are not limited in terms of installation, however, they require a power source and the constant presence of people. The minimum sewerage price for a private house with installation in this case is approximately $4,000.

How to make a sewer in a private house on your own

The construction of any communications should be carried out according to a previously developed and approved project. Such a project usually has a scheme for creating internal and external sewerage wiring in a private house with your own hands.

The internal system includes:

risers;
highways;
areas for connecting plumbing fixtures.

Plumbing fixtures include items such as a non-tray shower stall, bathtub, sink, and toilet. The internal system ends with an outlet pipe. This element is placed at the level of the foundation part of the building.

When arranging an external sewage system in a country house with your own hands, the diagram of this section of the system must have an external pipeline that provides drainage from the building, as well as storage or treatment equipment. When the project is ready and approved, it is possible to determine the optimal diameter and size of the pipes, as well as the amount of material required for the job. At the same stage, a sewer collector is selected.

Useful advice! During the construction process, it is better to rely on the requirements of regulatory documents. SNIPs will help determine how to properly sewer in a private house, as well as eliminate errors in the design process.

Choosing a place for installing a septic tank for sewerage of a country house with your own hands

When arranging sewerage, the choice of a place for installing a septic tank is extremely important. Its placement is influenced by the following factors:

depth of groundwater;
relief features of the site (since the movement of water within the system is carried out by gravity, the slope of the territory should be taken into account);
soil freezing level winter time;
placement of sources of drinking water;
soil structure.

Sandy soils have a loose structure. Due to this, the liquid can easily pass through the soil, so there is a possibility of contamination of groundwater with waste.

When installing a septic structure, it is important to adhere to certain requirements:

The distance from the residential building is at least 5 m.
Distance from the source of drinking water (well) - 30 m.
Distance from green spaces - at least 3 m.

In addition, it will be necessary to equip an area for the arrival of sewage equipment.

Arrangement of internal sewerage for a private house: how to properly organize work

On the scheme of internal sewage in a private house with your own hands, you need to mark all points of the system. First, the installation of the central riser is carried out. The optimum pipe diameter is 110 mm. In order for gases to leave the room without hindrance, a riser should be installed so that its upper part is led to the attic or protrudes above the level of the roof of the building. The central riser should be located at a distance of at least 4 m from the windows of the building.

Next, a horizontal pipeline is laid. The installation of inspection hatches will allow you to monitor the state of the system and perform its cleaning in a timely manner. These elements must be placed at the lowest point of the sewer and above the toilet.

For each plumbing fixture, it is necessary to provide for the presence of a siphon with a water seal. This will prevent the entry of unpleasant odors into the room. In the process of laying sewers in a private house with your own hands, it is recommended to avoid turns at an angle of 90 °. These elements complicate the movement of effluents.

The pipe coming from the toilet is connected directly to the system. To do this, it is better to use a pipe with a minimum diameter of 100 mm. For the bathtub and sink, you can take a smaller pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. The line should be placed at an angle that will ensure the movement of fluid. In the foundation, you also need to make a blank for a hole to bring the system out. This pipe must be installed check valve which will prevent sewage from flowing back into the system.

Useful advice! If 90° turns cannot be avoided, the pipe bend area can be made from two 45° corners.

Do-it-yourself sewerage installation technique in a private house: preparation for installation of a septic tank

The design is a two-chamber collector, the sections of which are articulated with each other using an overflow pipe. To begin with, a pit is pulled out with a depth of 3 m of the required volume, taking into account the number of permanent residents in the house. It can be formed manually or using special equipment (excavator). At the bottom, it is necessary to organize a sand cushion up to 15 cm thick.

Then a formwork structure is formed on the basis of chipboard or boards. It must be reinforced with a reinforcing belt, which is made of metal rods. Bandaging is carried out using steel wire. After that, you need to make two holes in the formwork and install pipe trims in them. Thus, the entry zones of the system main and the overflow pipe connecting the sections will be obtained.

The formwork structure is concreted. To distribute the solution evenly, you need to use a vibrating tool. The septic tank must be monolithic, so it is poured once.

Related article:

Overview of the available methods of treatment of domestic waste. The principle of operation of various sewer devices.

Installation instructions for external sewerage: arrangement of a two-chamber septic tank

The bottom of the first compartment must be formed by pouring concrete. The result should be a sealed section that will be used as a sump. Here, the separation of solid large fractions will take place, which will settle at the bottom. Clarified partially purified water will accumulate from above. Due to the connecting pipe, it will fall into the adjacent compartment.

Useful advice! The use of aerobic bacteria will enhance the decomposition of solid particles.

There is no need to organize the bottom in the second compartment. The section is made on the basis monolithic walls. Suitable and stacked one on top of the other. The recommended diameter size is 1-1.5 m. A thick cushion of sedimentary rocks is formed at the bottom of the compartment, which acts as a filter for drains. For these purposes, pebbles, crushed stone, gravel are suitable.

An overflow pipe is installed between the two compartments. The angle of inclination is 30 mm per linear meter. This pipe is placed at the level of the upper third. Most often the owners summer cottages when installing sewers in a private house, a two-section design is used, although it is possible to equip a septic tank even with 4 compartments, which will provide the best level of cleaning.

Overlapping for a septic tank can also be made by hand. For this, formwork and concrete are used. Alternatively, reinforced concrete slabs can be used. It is obligatory to install an inspection hatch that allows you to control the exhaust and filling of sections. Then the pit must be covered with soil or sand. The sump should be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Organization of sewerage wiring for a private house: how to properly lay a pipeline

From the area where the sewer pipe leaves the foundation and to the septic tank, you need to lay a highway. The pipeline should be located under a slope, due to which the flow of waste water will be ensured. The larger the diameter of the pipes used, the smaller the angle of inclination will be required for the full operation of the line. The average is 2°.

In the diagram, the depth of laying the sewer in a private house with your own hands should be below the freezing level of the soil in winter. The average is 1 m. In warm regions, there is no need for large pipe penetration, 0.7 m will be enough. If the house is located in a cold region, the depth indicator should be increased to 1.5 m. pillow, tamping it well. This procedure will allow you to securely fix the pipes and prevent the destruction of the line during seasonal soil mixing.

The most optimal for a summer cottage will be a scheme for laying a direct highway from the house to the collector. If necessary, you can rotate. In this place, you can install a manhole. Pipes made of cast iron or plastic, designed for external sewage, are suitable for work. The recommended diameter is 110 mm. All joints must be sealed. The trench with the laid pipeline is first filled with sand and then with soil.

Useful advice! If the trenches for the installation of the pipeline are shallow, the line must be additionally insulated using thermal insulation materials.

Features of the construction of country sewage without pumping

Systems that do not require pumping, as a rule, are represented by designs of two- or three-chamber septic tanks operating simultaneously. If the system has two tanks, at least ¾ of the structure is allocated to the sump, for three-chamber - half. In the first section, heavy fractions settle. As it fills, the liquid overflows into the second compartment, where light particles are separated. In the third section, the water is fully cleaned of wastewater and fed into a drainage well or filtration fields. It is important that the two containers are airtight.

This type of system also needs to be pumped out, but not as often as with a conventional septic tank. This is done using a drainage or fecal sewage pump, the price of which depends on the manufacturer and power and varies between 2700-25000 rubles. This equipment is used to remove sediment that accumulates in the sump.

The frequency of the procedure is affected by the composition of the wastewater and the size of the tank. The structure must be cleaned when the height of the silt reaches the level of the overflow. For six months, about 60-90 liters of sediment accumulate in the tank. Based on this data and the volume of the container, you can approximately find out how much time between cleanings.

To find out the required volume of a septic tank without pumping out, you should multiply the daily rate of water consumption per person (200 l) by the number of residents and add another 20% to the result. If the groundwater level is high, it is recommended to make a concrete screed at the bottom of the pit or lay a concrete slab for reinforcement.

A recess in the ground breaks out taking into account the size of the septic tank. To this is added a minimum of 20 cm on each side, and even more is better. Pipes are laid on a sand cushion in a similar way with a slope to a depth of 0.7-0.8 m.

Sewerage construction in a private house: installation price

The price of installing a turnkey septic tank is formed taking into account:

features of earthworks, for example, the formation of a pit or a supply trench;
the need to build a system that performs soil post-treatment;
the cost of laying sewers per meter in the ground (depending on the type of pipes and the length of the main, the average price is 35-65 rubles per 1 m);
installation of the necessary equipment;
the need to build an additional sewage disposal system, etc.

Most often, if turnkey installation of septic equipment is performed, 2-3 people are involved in the work. Since the installation of the structure is carried out manually, there is no need to use specialized heavy equipment. As a result, the landscape remains untouched, and the owner of the site has a chance to save a lot. It is impossible to do without changes on the site if sewerage is laid from the ground. The price per meter of work performed is included in the total cost of turnkey work.

Useful advice! To prevent the elements of the system from moving during installation and from floating up, it is recommended to perform the procedure for concreting the body.

If there are soils in the summer cottage that do not have filtering properties, like sand, installation work will increase significantly in price. These soils include loam and clay. To ensure normal conditions for the full functioning of the system on the territory, it will be necessary to form a bulk-type filtration field.

The price of sewerage installation in a turnkey private house:

Septic tank model	price, rub.
Tank	from 18700
Cedar	from 79900
Uni-Sep	from 56000
TopBio	from 111700

Do-it-yourself sewerage arrangement in the bath: a step-by-step guide

As in the case of a residential building, the sewerage of a bath includes an internal and external system. Even if the building has a dry steam room, it will be necessary to drain the liquid from the shower. The water collection system depends on how the floors are installed. The sewerage scheme is entered into the bath project at the development stage and is laid at the initial stage of construction even before the floors are equipped.

If it is planned to install wooden floors from boards, then the elements can be laid closely or with small gaps. If the coating is installed tightly, the floors are formed with a slope from one wall to another. Next, you should find the lowest point near the wall and leave a gap in this place, where the gutter will be subsequently installed (also with a slope). At the lowest point of its placement, a connection is made to the sewer outlet pipe.

Important! If the bath sewerage scheme involves the collection of liquid from several rooms, including from the toilet, it is imperative to install a riser with ventilation.

If the wooden flooring will be made with slots, small gaps (5 mm) should be left between the boards. A concrete base is made under the floor with a slope towards the central part of the room. A gutter and a sewer pipe will be installed in this area. Instead of a concrete base, you can lay metal pallets on top of the insulated floor under wooden deck. If the floors are self-leveling or tiled, a water intake ladder is installed at the lower point of the slope, which drains the drains into the pipe.

A step-by-step guide to building a sewer in a bath with your own hands

For the installation of sewer pipes, it is necessary to form ditches with a slope of 2 cm per 1 m. Their depth is 50-60 cm. A pillow should be made at the bottom of these trenches. To do this, a layer of sand 15 cm thick is poured and carefully compacted. In this case, do not forget about the slope.

Next, the installation of the sewer line is carried out. Polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are laid in trenches. If necessary, a sewer riser is equipped. It must be fixed to the wall with clamps. Be sure to organize ventilation. When the system is ready, the flooring is installed using one of the previously discussed methods.

Upon completion of all work, the ladders and gratings provided for by the project are connected to the system at the designated locations. In the area where the water intake is connected to the outlet pipe, it is desirable to install a siphon. It will prevent the penetration of odors from the sewer back into the room. Most often, ladders are equipped with built-in water seals.

On sale you can find gutters made of asbestos cement, plastic or cast iron. It is not recommended to use products made of wood and steel, because. they quickly break down under the influence of moisture. The minimum allowable diameter of the gutter is 5 cm. If the project provides for the presence of a toilet bowl or other sanitary equipment, it is installed and connected. This completes the work on the organization of internal sewage. The external system is carried out in the manner described earlier and may be a septic tank or a drainage well.

Sewerage construction in a private house: ventilation scheme in the bath

Air exchange in the bath can be organized in various ways. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages. After studying the specifics of each method, you can choose the most the best way for a bath.

The first method involves creating an opening designed to supply fresh air. It should be placed behind the stove-heater at a height of 0.5 m from the floor level. The exhaust air will be discharged through the opening on the opposite side. It must be placed at a height of 0.3 m from the floor. To increase the movement of air flow at the outlet, you need to install an exhaust fan. All openings are closed with gratings.

Useful advice! The lower the ventilation hood is placed, the more intensive the air exchange process will be. It is important not to overdo it in this regard with the steam room, otherwise there will be a significant heat leak.

The second method involves placing both holes in the same plane. In this case, the work will affect the wall opposite to the one where the furnace is located. The inlet duct is placed at a height of 0.3 m from the floor level, at a similar distance from the ceiling, an exhaust hole must be made and a fan installed in it. Channels are closed with gratings.

The third method is suitable for flooring, where the boards are laid with gaps to drain liquid. The inlet is made at a height of 0.3 m from the floor on the wall behind the stove. In this case, installation of an outlet duct is not required, since the exhaust air will exit through the gaps between the boards.

Do-it-yourself arrangement of autonomous sewage in a private house: videos and recommendations

As a material for the manufacture of autonomous sewers, polypropylene is used, which is characterized by low weight, environmental friendliness, strength and high thermal conductivity. Wastewater treatment is carried out by certain types of bacteria that feed on organic waste. Access to oxygen is a prerequisite for the life of these microorganisms. The price of an autonomous sewage system in a private house is much higher than the cost of arranging a conventional septic tank.

This is due to the numerous advantages of autonomous type systems:

high level of wastewater treatment;
unique aeration cleaning system;
no maintenance costs;
no need for additional acquisition of microorganisms;
compact dimensions;
no need to call a sewage truck;
the possibility of installation at a high level of groundwater;
lack of odors;
long service life (up to 50 cm).

How much will it cost to build a sewer in a private house: turnkey price

The possibilities of autonomous sewers Unilos Astra 5 and Topas 5 are considered the most optimal for summer cottages. These designs are reliable, they are able to provide comfortable living and the necessary amenities for residents of a country house. These manufacturers offer other equally effective models.

The average price of autonomous sewers Topas:

Name	price, rub.
Topas 4	77310
Topas-S 5	80730
Topas 5	89010
Topas-S 8	98730
Topas-S 9	103050
Topas 8	107750
Topas 15	165510
Topaero 3	212300
Topaero 6	341700
Topaero 7	410300

Note! Features of the autonomous sewage system Astra, Topas, Biotank and other models listed in the tables allow for deep biological cleaning of drains. This figure in some cases reaches 98%. As a result of processing, wastewater is converted into clear water with a small amount of silt.

The average price of autonomous sewers Unilos:

Name	price, rub.
Astra 3	66300
Astra 4	69700
Astra 5	76670
Astra 8	94350
Astra 10	115950
Scarab 3	190000
Scarab 5	253000
Scarab 8	308800
Scarab 10	573000
Scarab 30	771100

The tables show standard cost systems. The final price for the installation of an autonomous sewer on a turnkey basis is formed taking into account the prices for laying an external pipeline and other points affecting earthworks and installation work in general.

The average price of autonomous tank type sewers:

Name	price, rub.
Biotank 3	40000
Biotank 4	48500
Biotank 5	56000
Biotank 6	62800
Biotank 8	70150

Tips for installing an autonomous sewer at their summer cottage

As in any other system, it is recommended to install the pipeline at an angle from the house towards the purification tank. The optimal angle is between 2 and 5° per meter. If you do not adhere to this requirement, the full discharge of wastewater by an autonomous sewer for a summer residence will become impossible.

During the laying of the highway, care should be taken to securely fix its elements. To eliminate the risk of pipe deformation and displacement during soil subsidence, the soil at the bottom of the trenches must be carefully compacted. If you fill the bottom with concrete, you get a more reliable fixed base. During the installation of pipes, it is desirable to adhere to a straight path.

Be sure to check the joints for tightness. Liquid clay is usually used for docking. It is allowed to use specialized tools recommended by the pipe manufacturer. If a line is being installed on the basis of elements with a diameter of 50 mm, the maximum allowable length of the straight sections of the system is 5 m. When using products with a diameter of 100 mm, this figure is 8 m maximum.

Important! The waste storage tank cannot be placed at a distance of less than 10 m from residential buildings.

Do-it-yourself construction of an autonomous sewer in a private house

First, the optimal place for the installation of a wastewater tank is selected. To do this, you can use the data recommended for the installation of a conventional septic tank, then you can start earthworks. A pit breaks out under the installation of the container. The dimensions of the recess in the ground must correspond to the dimensions of the tank with an allowance of 30 cm on each side.

The technology allows the installation of a biological filter and a septic tank in one pit. Earthworks also involve the formation of trenches for laying the pipeline. In this case, a slope of 2 cm must be observed for every 0.1 m of the line. The bottom of the pit is rammed and filled with concrete. After the site is fully dry and hardened, you can install the plastic container. To fix the structure on the base, it is desirable to use cables.

At the next stage, an autonomous sewage system of a country house is assembled and a pipeline is supplied in accordance with a pre-planned scheme. At the same time, the biological filter blocks are filled. For these purposes, an absorbent with a bioactive effect and expanded clay can be used.

After the entire system is installed, the recesses in the soil are filled back. For this, earth and sand are used, it is allowed to use cement-sand mixture. All this is poured in layers and carefully compacted. At the same time, water is poured into the septic tank. The liquid level should be slightly above the top mark of the bulk material. The pipeline is covered with sand and then earth. In this case, there is no need to compact the backfill. The system can be connected only after the sewerage has been checked.

In view of the foregoing, self-assembly of stand-alone equipment is not so difficult. The use of ready-made structures eliminates any inconvenience associated with the removal and treatment of wastewater. By adhering to the manufacturer's instructions, any owner of a summer cottage can install an efficient and trouble-free system with a long service life with his own hands. If another system is being installed, the ideal result is only possible if the calculations are carried out correctly.

Sewerage construction technology in a private house: video instruction

Sewerage in a private house is a pipe distribution, consisting of two parts: internal and external. Therefore, when the installation of sewerage is carried out, the process itself is divided into two stages: the assembly of the internal sewer system and the external one. Everything is done separately, taking into account the calculations of the diameter of the pipes and the choice of material from which they are made. Gone are the days when the sewerage of a private house was assembled from cast iron or asbestos pipes. They served their purpose by handing over the reins of government to plastic pipes. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to correctly approach the choice of sewer pipes.

Types of sewer pipes

Today, two types of polymer pipes are used to assemble sewers in private homes: PVC and polypropylene. The former are used for the external system, the latter for the internal.

Sewer pipes

Polypropylene sewer pipes are gray in color and have a range of standard diameters from 20 mm to 400 mm. At the same time, their connection is bell-shaped using a rubber cuff, which ensures the tightness of the joint. To facilitate the installation of the sewer system, manufacturers offer various fittings: elbows, bends, crosses, tees, adapters, plugs and other profile products of different diameters.

Concerning PVC sewer pipes, then here everything is the same with regard to connections and fittings. But they have an orange or red color, so it will be impossible to confuse. Plus, a diameter that starts at 50mm and ends at 1200mm. For external sewerage of a private house, diameters of 110-200 mm are most often used.

Internal sewerage of a private house

Installation of the internal sewerage of a private house is more difficult than the external one. The thing is that inside the house there are a large number of water consumers: taps, faucets, showers, washing and washing machines, toilets. And they are all located in different rooms. Therefore, the piping has a complex scheme, which is assembled into a single system and brought out, connecting to the external part of the sewer. If the house is built on several floors, then each of them has its own system, and all floors are connected by one vertical riser, which is assembled from a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.

Usually the riser is installed in the place where the sewerage will be taken out of the house. Here it is important to observe one important rule- the smaller the distance, the more efficient system working. Therefore, the riser is installed at the wall of the building, which will be closest to sewer well or septic.

As for the piping of the internal sewer system, you have to take into account the volume of water that must pass through it.

A pipe with a diameter of 25-32 mm can be removed from the sink.
From kitchen sink 32-40 mm.
From a shower or bath 32-50 mm.
From a washing machine or dishwasher 40-50 mm.
From the toilet bowl 110 mm.

And the more connections are made in one system, the larger the diameter of the pipe must combine them. For example, if the sink and Dishwasher in the kitchen, then a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm is installed under each of them. But they are connected when they are taken out of the kitchen into a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, which, for example, will be further combined with a sink and a bathroom, which in the final result will give a combined pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.

Therefore, it is very important to first draw a piping diagram with the exact installation of plumbing fixtures, and only then calculate the dimensions of the piping with exact definition diameters of purchased products.

Scheme of wiring the sewerage of one floor of a private house

Installation process rules

There are certain rules for the installation of sewer pipes, which are installed in the internal wiring.

The socket of the sewer pipe, which is connected to the very first and last consumer, must be located at least 80 cm from the floor level. That is, this consumer is the farthest from the riser. If there are not so many fittings along the water path, then you can lower the installation level to 30 cm.
The toilet must be connected to the riser with a pipe of the same diameter as the riser itself. And its length should not exceed 1 m.
Each plumbing fixture must be equipped with a water seal (siphon).
The slope of sewer pipes should be 2-3 mm per meter of piping length.
Fastening to the supporting structures of the building is carried out using special clamps, of which there should be two for each element. Clamps are usually installed at socket connections.

Internal sewerage in a private house

The plastic pipe is easily cut, so it can be cut to the required length with a hacksaw or a grinder. All connections, as mentioned above, are bell-shaped. Therefore, it will not be difficult to assemble the sewer with your own hands. The main thing is to follow the installation scheme of the sewerage system exactly.

Attention! Where to start installing the sewer: from a riser or from a plumbing fixture, everyone decides for himself.

If a private house has a basement in its design, then the entire wiring of the first floor can be done there. It is convenient in terms of installation and maintenance. Secondly, the pipeline will not be visible, which will increase the space of the premises and their aesthetics. appearance. Laying sewer pipes in the walls is not recommended. For them, boxes of their various finishing materials with frame device.

Installation of sewerage in the basement of the house

External sewerage of a private house

It is easier internal in terms of its installation. But in addition to pipes, the sewer system includes a septic tank or a well, as well as several manholes. The installation of the sewerage system (external) begins with earthworks. With the help of shovels, a pit is dug under a septic tank or a well, and there may be several pits if the septic tank is built in the form of several overflow wells. Further, a trench is dug from it to the house. The main requirement for it is straightness without a large number of bends and turns, plus adhere to the slope towards the well.

By the way, about the slope of the pipeline for the outdoor system. It all depends on the diameter of the pipe used. For example, for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, the slope should be 20 mm per linear meter of the assembled pipeline. For a pipe of 160 mm - 8 mm slope, for 200 mm - 7 mm.

The slope of the installation of sewer pipes

As for the minimum number of taps, this is an important component on which the efficiency of the entire system depends. The thing is that any even the most insignificant turn from the straightness of the pipeline is a place where a blockage can form. And if the angle of inclination is chosen incorrectly, then it is guaranteed to form in this place.

Installation rules

If a standard septic tank is installed, made of plastic or metal, then there should be no problems with its installation. The bottom of the pit is leveled horizontally, sprinkled with sand 15-20 cm thick, and compacted. After that, it is necessary to lower the septic tank into it.

Attention! The inlet pipe of the septic tank must be oriented exactly along the sewer pipe. It is optimal if they are located on the same axis. Deviations are possible, but small.

Installed septic tank

If a well or a septic tank is equipped from different materials, that is, an unfinished option, then the complexity of installing a sewer in a private house increases dramatically. For example, a well made of reinforced concrete rings. It is necessary to dig a pit, fill it with a sand or crushed stone pillow 15-20 cm thick, tamp it down, pour a concrete layer with a thickness of at least 7 cm, and, if possible, lay a reinforcing frame made of metal mesh or reinforcement in it.

Then you need to wait a few days for the concrete base to dry out. And after that, use a crane to collect the reinforced concrete rings themselves. And before that, the rings are additionally waterproofed from the outside. All this is difficult and costly. Therefore, the easiest option is to install a ready-made septic tank, at worst a sealed or leaky container.

Connection of two sewer pipes

Now with regard to the installation of sewer pipes. With their bias, everything is clear. But there is one important process - their thermal insulation. More recently, sewer pipes were laid below the freezing level of the soil. Why a huge amount of earthwork was carried out, because in many regions this figure is more than 1.5 m. Today, this method of sewer insulation can not be used. The use of thermal insulation materials different kind solves this problem.

Of course, many are faced with the question of which pipe insulation to choose. To date perfect option- these are heat-insulating cylinders (shells), which are made from almost all types of heaters: mineral wool, foamed polymers of various kinds and so on. The shell is simply put on the pipe and fastened with clamps or tape. By the way, internal sewage pipes located in an unheated basement also need to be insulated with this material.

Thermal insulation of the sewer pipe

If the external sewer system has a very great length, then it is necessary to install manholes in it. One well per 50 m length of a straight pipeline. A well must be mounted near the outlets or connections (for example, when a branch from an outdoor pool or summer kitchen). Their purpose is to control sewer flows and, if necessary, repair and clean the system through them.

You can buy ready-made wells, such manufacturers of sewer pipes offer today. And you can make them with your own hands from the same pipes of only large diameter, for example, from 400 or 500 mm. They are installed in trenches in a vertical position and connected to the ends of the connected pipes.

Attention! Where to start installing sewer pipes: from a septic tank or from a house, everyone decides for himself.

Mounting diagram

The bottom of the excavated trench is leveled taking into account the slope of the sewer system. Greater precision is not required here.
A sand bed is made with a thickness of 15-20 cm. It is this that will have to be strictly aligned to the slope of the pipe laying.
After that, the installation of pipes is carried out. And at this stage, the angle of inclination of the system is checked using a long level.
Connecting a pipe to a septic tank and a pipe from the inside of the sewerage system of a private house.
As for insulation, the cylinders are put on before the connection is made. That is, at first the pipe is set strictly along the slope, then a heater is put on it, and after that it is laid in a trench.
The trenches are backfilled with soil.

Installation of sloped pipes