How to make light in a 1 room apartment. How to organize and distribute lighting in the apartment

The organization of lighting in the apartment is one of the primary tasks that must be addressed even at the stage of interior planning. When choosing lighting fixtures You need to think about more than just aesthetic appeal. Remember that the health of people, pets and even flowers directly depends on the level of illumination of the home.

Proper lighting

Lighting efficiency is affected by two factors:

• Lamp power
• Number of light sources

By varying the number of lamps, you can successfully reflect the lighting scenario of the room.

To equip functional areas, for example, for relaxing, eating, working, playing, etc., lighting fixtures of different brightness are combined. Skillful use of light and shadow emphasizes all the advantages and hides the flaws of the room.

Living room

This room needs a bright general light (200-250 W). Based on the area, determine the number of local sources. For example, if the living room also includes workplace, then it is additionally illuminated by a table lamp.

Bedroom

Here it is appropriate to use a lamp with a matte shade or a short chandelier (100-150 W). Sconces (60-100 W) are placed at the head of the bed on both sides.

On the contrary, you can put floor lamp or a couple of less powerful lamps (40-60 W). This combination contributes to the creation of a calm environment.

Kitchen

If the room is small, then general lighting is not necessary. It is recommended to move the lamp closer to the dining table. LEDs can additionally highlight the kitchen set.

Bathroom

General lighting required. The local source can be hung above the mirror. Since this is a room high humidity, lamps should be with shades.

Children's

In this room, lighting is best created using a lot of spotlights. They do not emit bright directional light, which avoids negative effects on vision.

Educational or computer desk equip with a table lamp. Light up a space for needlework, painting or reading with a wall lamp or a floor lamp.

Corridor and hallway

Since it is often small and narrow spaces, the light here needs bright and versatile. Install lights around the perimeter of the walls. Additionally, a mirror can be highlighted with soft natural light.

For modern lighting apartments, it is important to take into account the color reproduction of sources. This will allow you to comfortably equip all rooms and will not allow distortion of the color of interior items. It is optimal to use lamps with an index of Ra-100. Such light allows you to display colors most accurately. The lower the value, the worse the color rendering.

If you still have not decided how to make the lighting in the apartment, look at the photos on the net and you will probably have ideas. Otherwise, you can hire a designer, and he will solve this problem.

In case of problems with the lighting scheme, you can seek advice from a lighting engineer, he will tell you how to correctly calculate the lighting and give good advice. Remember that with the help of light you can make a masterpiece out of an inconspicuous home. Don't be afraid to experiment!

Photo of lighting in the apartment

Most designers argue that the larger the footage of the room, the less rationally it is used. Another thing is when the room is small, but you want to fit as much as possible into it. Then the owners start looking for the maximum practical design one-room apartment, think over the use of each residential centimeter.

Who really knows exactly what "little space" is - so these are the owners of one-room apartments.

A small living space should include a kitchen, a nursery and work area, and a bedroom. At first glance, this seems impossible, as practice shows, there are no unsolvable problems.

The design of a one-room apartment is the most difficult to think over, since it is often necessary to place both a sleeping place, a living room, and Kitchen Area and even a place for a child.

Let's list effective advice dream interior designers

Minimalism style	A suitable option for designing a one-room apartment. No need to think that it is better to leave a table, chair and bed in the room. This refers to the purchase multifunctional furniture and interior items: a sofa with a built-in table top, big table, which folds up and turns into a small, magazine version. Modern manufacturers offer furniture of different sizes, so all these elements can be made to order in the right size.
Light, airy interior	For visual magnification spaces can be used mirror surfaces, zoned using partitions made of light, translucent fabrics, thin, strong glass. If partitions are not needed, zoning can be done during the renovation. Here the important point is the competent selection of finishing material. The floor in different areas should be different: in the kitchen - tiles, living room in the laminate. In the sleeping area you can lay a fluffy carpet. Each zone should have individual lighting.
Placement of accents	Do not use in the interior of a one-room apartment only dark or only bright hues. There are 2-3 main accents. For example, dark shelves and light walls, or, the walls and ceiling are light, and the floor is a rich, dark shade. But, do not use a lot of dark, visually it will reduce the room.
redevelopment	Walls inside a small room, make it even smaller, cut it. Therefore, if they are not load-bearing, it is better to disassemble.
Multifunctional use of the pantry	In older houses there is a pantry that can be used practically. It will perfectly fulfill the role of a built-in wardrobe, or dressing room. There will be no need to install a "big box" in the main room.
high ceilings	If the ceilings in the apartment are high, you can install the bed above the floor. It's called a loft bed. The base can be a great closet. Thus, 2 furniture elements are connected at once.
Competent application decorative elements and textile	Do not overload the interior for a one-room apartment with figurines and caskets different sizes. It is better to decorate windows with thin ones, light fabrics or roller blinds.

Making the interior of a one-room apartment practical is quite difficult.

The footage of the same type of Khrushchev is 26-28 square meters. m. Therefore, you need to organize the space as efficiently as possible. You need to do this from the entrance. The hallway is usually narrow and small, there should be as little furniture as possible. If there is a pantry, the closet can be organized there, and 2-3 hooks can be hung on the hallway wall.

You can’t accelerate much on such an area, but there are several ways to still make the apartment comfortable.

To make the space visually wider, you can place a large mirror. The model of the shoe rack is narrow, with a seat on top. If there is no pantry, a small closet is installed in the room. Extra details in the form of shelves, it is better not to put vases. The main light element is best placed above the mirror.

The light source can be one or more.

The kitchen room in Khrushchev occupies no more than 6-7 square meters. m. When planning the design of a one-room apartment, you need to purchase furniture with built-in appliances in the kitchen.

Remember that the stove in such a kitchen must be electric, not gas.

The dining area should be organized by the window, preferably a table model that is attached to the wall, folds if necessary. The window sill in a small kitchen is not for flowers. It should perform more serious functions. If wide variant, it can be a table or a continuation working area for cooking food.

The set is located along one or two walls.

The most difficult is competent organization space of the main living room. The interior of a one-room apartment implies one stylistic decision. It can be minimalism, hi-tech, classic. But zoning still needs to be done.

Small but functional partition.

Bright color solutions there should be a minimum amount, it is better to exclude frequent small drawings altogether. So that the interior does not seem gray and boring, you can place 1-2 accents. For example, with a bright pattern on one wall, the material is of a similar shade, but of a different texture.

The most important feature of this layout is functionality.

If you don’t like bright colors, you can make zoning using the play of light or air partitions. For example, an open shelf from ceiling to floor.

The main task is the visual expansion of space.

Decorating the kitchen

If the apartment is in a new building, then redevelopment can be done without any problems. Most suitable option- Studio. Here, the space-dividing element can be a bar counter. It also serves as a dining table. Or additionally install a transforming table in the kitchen. It can serve as an element for eating or, when folded, as a coffee table.

The apartment should contain furniture that you really need.

The kitchen set can be placed both along one wall, if the dimensions of the room allow, then along 2 walls. The window sill will be a great addition to the countertop, it can be made from the same material. The oven is placed at eye level, the microwave is a little higher, and a “dishwasher” or a washing machine will fit perfectly below.

Under the windowsill, you can make several narrow drawers for little things, or use it as a countertop.

Toilet and bathroom decoration

If possible, it is better to redevelop, minimize the space for the bathroom by separating precious meters for the main room. A bathroom and a bath are often connected. Standard set of furniture: shower cabin or small bath, toilet bowl, sink. If space allows you can install a washing machine. Most often it is located in the kitchen.

It is desirable to combine White color with some other delicate color like blue or beige.

storage system

Competent interior design of a one-room apartment implies a multifunctional storage system. In new houses, the balcony is no longer relevant, it is connected to common room. In old houses, this is more difficult, so it remains only to insulate it and store common items there.

The balcony is not suitable for storing clothes, as extraneous odors and dampness can penetrate.

A significant advantage of the houses of the old construction is the presence of a storage room. There you can equip a spacious wardrobe for clothes and shoes.

If there is no pantry, then even when planning repair work you need to decide exactly where the dressing room will be.

Swing doors are undesirable, better in the form of a compartment. To make the space look visually larger, doors or partitions can be glass. corner furniture elements occupy less space than the standard ones, so they are preferred.

In a small room, floating or translucent furniture will look lighter than a full-fledged and massive one.

If the width of the hallway is more than 300-350 cm, then a storage system can be built there. It is better to make a wardrobe to order so that it fits perfectly into the interior, has the most convenient height and width.

It is advisable to give preference to options for cabinets with mirrors.

The interior of a one-room apartment implies compact furniture elements. More often, they are sliding or folding. The sleeping place can be raised to the podium, inside it to mount boxes for linen, things. Currently, manufacturers offer a huge selection of transforming furniture.

Built-in or easily transformable furniture will save space and your room will not look crowded and cluttered.

A podium can also be built on the balcony, the main number of seasonal items will be stored there, replacing each other. It is better to hang shelves on the camps open type. Next to the bed, you can put a table that can "grow" and move apart.

If you are used to the fact that you can only work with a computer on your favorite sofa, then it is not at all necessary to purchase a computer desk for yourself.

Small apartment for a family with a baby

Each family has its own ideas about the ideal apartment. In fact, even from a small odnushki you can make a comfortable paradise. When developing an apartment project, it is necessary to take into account the footage, family composition, age of each of them, interests and hobbies.

In order to visually expand the interior, it is necessary to use light, soft and unobtrusive colors.

All furniture should be multifunctional. It is not necessary to install everything along the walls, strictly in one line. Dedicated islands and podiums are only welcome here. For a baby, a loft bed will be ideal option. In the free lower part, you can install a roll-out table, a small built-in wardrobe. Full bed for adults it will not be possible to put, only a sofa. But, if you search well, you can buy a model with an orthopedic mattress.

It is necessary to pay attention not only to the color of the walls, but also to the furniture.

There must be shelves in the hallway. If you put doors, then sliding. The color of the canvas should be similar to the color of the walls so as not to stand out, which can visually reduce the space.

The bathroom and toilet can be combined, but this may be unacceptable for some family members.

So the first thing you need to do is consult with everyone.

Lighting Secrets

With the help of competent lighting, even geometric errors in the room can be corrected. If you want to visually expand the space, it is better to use appliances with bright lamps in the design. If you direct the light of lamps, including spotlights, up, then they will “raise” the ceiling, it will seem higher.

Do not forget about the lighting, which should be not just a lot, but a lot.

Lighting by zones must necessarily combine the main light source (chandelier) and spotlights. General lighting can be a little subdued, secondary ones should be brighter, as they are designed to illuminate workplaces.

In the zone bed Lighting can be subdued, soft. If there are lovers of reading, then on bedside table or a brighter light source can be hung over your head.

It is advisable not to limit yourself to one lamp, but to purchase several lamps that will need to be placed in different functional areas.

In the bathroom, halogen lamps give the main light, additionally you can highlight the dressing mirror.

In the hallway, the lighting should be general and bright, so that it is convenient to undress and dress, fix your makeup before going out. If the room is small and narrow, you can add spotlights.

When there is a lot of bright light, the room visually seems larger.

VIDEO: 20 ideas for a one-room apartment.

The golden rule is that the smaller the area, the less attention we pay to the visual component of the design, and more to the technical one. In the design of a one-room apartment, the balance shifts precisely to the correct layout of the space, then a stylish appearance can be obtained simply by following the simplest recommendations.

We have compiled for you a step-by-step design plan for a one-room apartment of 6 points, following which you will minimize the likelihood of errors, and will be able to estimate the cost of repairs at the initial stage.

1. Make a list of everything you need

This is the most important point, which should go exactly first. In one room apartment It is not always possible to place everything that we would like. It is important to immediately prioritize what is more important to you, and what you can refuse.

An approximate list of things for which it may not be easy to find a place in a one-room apartment: a bath (maybe it makes sense to refuse in favor of a shower + washing machine), a double bed (how important is it for you or a sofa will do), the number of cabinets and other storage places, a full set of kitchen appliances, a bed and an area for a child now or in the future, a workplace for a computer, etc.

When this point is forgotten, it ends up with an attempt to cram in the missing at the last stage of the repair. Often we end up with a ridiculously located washing machine or refrigerator in the hallway.

No one knows better than you what your apartment should look like. People didn't need big kitchen, they prioritized and made their choice in favor of an additional room by reducing the kitchen:

2. Project of a one-room apartment

If you don’t turn to a designer doing everything yourself, then photocopy a bunch of plans for your odnushka, arm yourself with a pencil and draw the layout ahead. At this stage, your task is to arrange everything that you wrote out in the first paragraph. As practice shows, it is not always easy to do this in a one-room apartment. Don't forget to scale.

People often ask about computer planning programs. This makes no sense if you just want to throw in a furniture layout plan. It is irrational to spend time on mastering the program, then to make only one of your apartments in it. A piece of paper and a pencil is enough. You can also take a picture of the plan of the apartment and draw on it the arrangement of furniture in any graphic editor, even in paint, even in Photoshop. Or go to firms making furniture to order. They will do something like this for you for free:

At this stage, you can think about redevelopment. In a one-room apartment in the classical sense, the rooms are separated by walls and doors. Now it’s fashionable to demolish walls and do it, but you can think about building additional walls to convert a one-room apartment into a two-room apartment. Sufficient comfortable bedroom area - 10 square meters. This is already a full-fledged room without any compromises, but less is possible, then the bed will have to be attached to one of the walls.

10 square meters is enough space for a room. If it is possible to divide the apartment into such zones, feel free to do it. Rooms less than 10 meters are perceived hard.

When placing a toilet, washbasin, bathtub, shower and sink, consider how the sewer will be discharged. Bringing water is not a problem - the water is under pressure there and neither the slope nor the diameter of the pipes is needed. But with the withdrawal of problems can be: sewage pipe requires a slope, and it is undesirable to take it too far from the riser.

Do not be afraid unusual ideas, in a one-room apartment, experiments with the location are quite successful. Especially when you plan them in advance and not on the go. Ideas may relate, for example, to the location of the bed. You can build it into the wall, making it folding, you can build a niche for it or zone a room for it, separating the part for the bed. It is at the stage of drafting the project that you need to think about such things.

3. Choice of design style for odnushka

When you already know how tightly the furniture will stand, how many free walls there will be, etc., you can think about choosing a design style. Before that, there is no point in thinking about style: if you want lush classics, but the apartment turns out to be densely packed with furniture, then it would be wiser to refuse the classics.

This is a trap that many people fall into. We draw a picture of an ideal apartment in our head, refusing to notice objective obstacles. In the design of a one-room apartment, it is simply impossible to realize everything planned. will have to make some compromises. This does not mean that the result will be worse, quite the contrary. With the right style, it's harder to make a mistake.

The main thing is not the design style itself, but how well it suits your apartment and how well and holistically it is implemented.

4. Design in a one-room apartment

So we got to the most interesting (but not the most important). If you did everything correctly in the previous paragraphs, then your apartment will already be at least good. Now it's time to make it stylish.

Choosing finishing materials for walls and floors

Floor in a one-room apartment

You need to choose specific models of tiles, laminate, parquet or whatever before repair. The same laminate can have different thickness, and it would be nice to know in advance, especially if it is supposed to be combined in different rooms.

You have to choose live. Both laminate and tile have a texture that photographs don't capture, and texture is very important. Touch everything with your hands, look under different light, feel free to throw off the stand and put on the floor in the store. Laminate, of course, only with a chamfer on all 4 sides. Floor tiles preferably porcelain stoneware.

Walls in a one-room apartment

First, we determine which walls we will be forced to touch. Perhaps this is a bottleneck in the hallway or a bed attached to the wall. In these places it is desirable to use a coating that is not afraid of this: decorative plaster, decorative stone, etc.

Next, we sign next to each wall what material will be on it: paint, plaster, wallpaper, stone, something exotic like laminate, etc. At this stage, you will already imagine the final view of the apartment without furniture.

When all the walls are signed, we choose which ones to make accent. Somewhere you can make an asymmetric ledge, make false columns on the sides, etc. Something to keep the design from being too simple. The main thing here is not to overdo it - one accent wall More than enough for a room. Because such main walls often have a non-uniform texture, this point is closely related to light.

Light in a one-room apartment

We arrange all sources of artificial light. Ideally, in addition to the upper main light, there should be at least one additional option for a non-primary dim light. It can be floor lamps, sconces, hidden led strip- anything.

Don't be fooled by expensive lamps. In the light, the main thing is the competent location of the sources, and not the price of the lamp. Better make a lot of light different levels and intensity than hanging a pair of super expensive chandeliers.

Accent walls are very fond of light along them. On any non-uniform texture, the light gives a very beautiful game shadows. Therefore, ideally, provide lighting for walls with decorative stone or plaster, for this we plan either LED strips or sconces there.

Underestimate the importance of a large number of light sources of different heights - serious mistake. Only by working through this moment, you can change the overall impression of the design from “pretty” to “chic”.

Furniture selection

In one-room apartments, as well as any other where the area is limited, we recommend making custom-made furniture. It is more expensive than buying ready-made furniture, but it uses everything to the maximum square meters. The irrational arrangement of ordinary furniture, due to the non-ideal correspondence with the geometry of the rooms, will waste several squares, for which you also paid.

Prices for making furniture vary greatly, so do not be too lazy to go around as many companies as possible and compare prices. In addition, they make 3D models for free, so why not use this service.

For the sake of savings, it is advisable to go through furniture shopping malls. Perhaps you can find something ready. Be sure to take pictures of everything you like, preferably immediately with a price tag, mark yourself somewhere sizes. The larger archive of photos you collect, the easier it will be at the last stage of design. Take pictures of everything: sofas, beds, cabinets, washbasins, tables, etc. You need to collect a bunch of photos to really imagine what you can get and afford. Sometimes interesting examples come across:

Putting it all together

This finishing stage visual design your one-room apartment. You should already have an idea about all the furniture and finishing materials. Now you need to bring everything together, look at a bunch real photo corresponding to the chosen style, and finally decide on the future appearance apartments.

We deliberately did not touch on the issue of ceiling design, because in a one-room apartment you should think about it at the very end. In general, in modern design, glossy and overly complex ceilings are mauvais ton. You can think about something complicated only if there are clearly not enough accents in the main finish. Read about and choose the best option.

It is at this stage, when you already know what floors and furniture will be, that it is time to think about doors and skirting boards. Find beautiful and inexpensive interior doors whole problem. This problem is so urgent that it is easier to refuse doors where they are not required. The standard option is to choose skirting boards in the color of the doors, not the floor, so the interior looks more holistic.

5. Electrical wiring and switches

When you know where all the furniture is, Appliances and light sources, it's time to plan the location of sockets and switches.

The rule works here it's better to overdo it than underdo it. A pair of extra or rarely used outlets won't strain you the way misplaced extension cords do.

Properly positioning the switches, even in a one-room apartment, is not so simple. First you need to break all the light sources into groups, think over which of them will be turned on by one switch. After you need to arrange the switches themselves, given that it is always better when they are collected in one place, and not scattered around different angles rooms.

Immediately think about pass-through switches. Pass-through switches are laid at the stage of wiring, then nothing can be redone. Standard places are a checkpoint at the beginning and end of the corridor, at the entrance to the room and near the bed or sofa. In these places, checkpoints are always in place, others already depend on the features of your layout.

Do not even try to keep the circuit of sockets and switches in your head, be sure to draw it on paper. This is the only way to systematize the information for yourself and then convey it to the finishers.

6. We consider the cost of repairing a one-room apartment

Everyone who is faced with repairs for the first time is trying to find the answer to the question of the cost of repairs. Almost always rest on the answer about the meaninglessness of such a question without concretization. You now have all the data to find an approximate answer to it.

That is why we advised to go and see the materials and furniture live, take pictures of the price tags. Although very roughly, but you can calculate how much it will cost you to repair your odnushka. Based on experience, we advise you to multiply the resulting number by at least 1.2, no one has canceled the planning error.

If you are satisfied with the resulting figures - super, if not, well, then go back to the first point and think about what you can refuse (or better, what can be postponed until later and bought after the repair).

Of course, this is a very rough plan, but we hope it will help you make the design of your one-room apartment exactly the way you dreamed of. Good luck with the repair!

Save and share - it will come in handy!

To date, carrying out renovation in your apartment is not uncommon. But no matter what interior is chosen, without decent lighting it will not make the right impression. Considering that the availability of electrical appliances in apartments has increased significantly, the old wiring cannot cope with the load. To achieve stability and security, the correct lighting scheme of the apartment is necessary. We do not need to invite specialists. If there is a desire, a replacement old wiring you can do it yourself.

For the correct distribution of light, they plan and think over the lighting of housing. It should not only match the interior design, but also provide residents with convenience and comfort.

How to do it right

There are two types of lighting: local and general type. By the names it is clear that the general is used to illuminate the entire room, and the local is used only in a certain area. If we talk in more detail about local lighting, then it is divided into working and spot. So, working type lighting is provided to illuminate the working area: a dining table in the kitchen, a place in the office, and so on. Spot lighting emphasizes details: lighting paintings, mirrors, decor elements.

When planning the arrangement of light, you need to carefully consider what you want to achieve as a result. They focus not only on compliance with the interior, but also on the personal preferences of the owners.

What do you need

For arrangement proper lighting you need to remember the following facts:

• For each room, the light must be provided individually. If bright light is suitable for the living room, then for the bedroom it is necessary to provide a soft light flux.

• The layout of fixtures and other light sources is based on the location of functional areas that require lighting.

• Proper selection of power and number of lighting fixtures will create a comfortable environment.

The most important thing is to accurately determine the location of the fixtures

Lighting plan

If you approach the provision of light in the apartment in accordance with all the rules, then the design is initially carried out. The lighting scheme in the apartment is based on the design of the house itself and the rooms directly, the shape of the ceiling, finishing materials, furniture placement. After evaluating all the factors on the drawing of the apartment plan, you need to choose the location of the devices for the light, as well as switches and sockets.

Lighting calculation (standards and number of fixtures)

To ensure proper lighting design, you need to determine what power will be optimal for a particular dwelling. From here, such an indicator as the number of light sources and incandescent lamps needed for a certain area is calculated. All in all, the light power is distributed in the following way: every 5 m 2 is illuminated by a lamp with a power of 60-65 kW. Based on these indicators, it will not be difficult to correctly calculate the number of light bulbs needed for a particular room.

Consider an example of how many lamps are needed to illuminate a living room with an area of ​​​​15 m 2. The table below shows the different types of lamps.

Wiring diagram

After the number of devices for providing light is determined, they begin to form a lighting plan in the apartment. It displays the locations of fixtures or lighting groups, as well as elements that serve to turn light sources on and off.

The type of switches used should also be noted. For example, you can set one-key or two-key. Sometimes, if the room has large area, use redundant light switches. They are intended to regulate the same lighting fixture, but are placed at different ends of the room.

An example of a lighting plan with redundant switches

On the diagram drawing, the type of lighting is also noted - ceiling or wall. Be sure to mark on the diagram which control element the lighting point belongs to.

Circuit example

Let us give an example of a scheme for providing light for a one-room apartment with an area of ​​​​about 40 m 2. In accordance with the norms, no more than 8 lamps will be needed.

Lighting with appliances in a one-room apartment can be done in the following way:

• 3 spotlights on the ceiling;
• one chandelier;
• two sconces;
• one floor lamp;
• desk lamp.

Lighting scheme in a one-room apartment

Installation of lighting in an apartment having a similar area, but consisting of two rooms, is provided by:

• two chandeliers;
• 3-4 ceiling lights;
• table lamp;
• two sconces and a floor lamp.

Lighting strip

Lighting should be carried out by means of different types of light sources:

• Spotlights are built into a suspended or stretch ceiling.

• Ordinary chandeliers are mounted in two ways: hook-mounted in the ceiling surface or using dowels.

Used and Wall lights, table lamps to illuminate a specific area. Wide use We also received LED strips to provide additional illumination. Depending on what types of lighting devices will be used, the wiring diagram is selected.

On the video: the principles of designing lighting in an apartment.

Do-it-yourself wiring wiring: from a diagram to installation

The implementation of laying electricity in the house is quite a responsible matter. You can't do without experience and certain skills. The main thing is to know the correct aspects of wiring, to read and create circuits, to have wiring skills. But all this can be mastered if desired and make the gasket yourself. To do this, we present recommendations on all aspects.

Basic Rules

All the rules that must be observed when wiring wiring, as with other types construction works, covered in SNiPs and GOSTs. With regard to electrical wiring, you must refer to the section "Electrical Installation Rules (PUE)". Getting started on the wiring, be sure to study this section.

We will provide a basic list of rules for installing wiring in an apartment:

• It is necessary to place the main components, such as a meter, sockets, switches, machines, etc., in easily accessible places.

• Switch placement parameters vary from 0.6 to 1.5 m from the floor level. The location should be in an easily accessible place at the door when entering the room. Wires must be laid starting from the top.

• The installation parameters of sockets are 0.5-0.8 m from the floor level. This is due to the prevention of a short circuit when the apartment is flooded. Do not place sockets near gas and electric stove, as well as near grounded objects. The distance from them should be at least 0.5 m.

• According to the standard, the number of sockets is planned in accordance with 1 piece per 6 m 2. In the kitchen, more of them are allowed, as they are necessary for connecting electrical appliances. Sockets are not installed in the bathroom, and it is better to provide a separate transformer for the bathroom.

• It is necessary to lay wires only along a horizontal and vertical line, which must be marked on the plan.

• When laying, it is necessary to take into account the location of pipes, ceilings and other obstacles. In the case of horizontal wires, the distance should be about 10 cm, and vertical - 15 cm.

• Be sure to ensure that the wires do not come into contact with metal objects.

• When laying several wires, ensure a distance of at least 3 mm between them. It is also desirable to isolate the wiring in a special corrugation.

• For wiring, special boxes should be used. Connections are carefully isolated. Experts categorically prohibit the connection of aluminum and copper wires.

Project and wiring diagram

Like any job, wiring begins with design and diagramming. To create them, specialists are involved, of which there are quite a lot in Moscow. After all, the safety in the apartment, and throughout the house, depends on them. This service costs some money, but safety and peace of mind are above all.

If, however, a decision is made to do the work on their own, and there is initial knowledge in the field of electricity, then all the rules described above should be followed. Ensure that all light loads are calculated correctly.

To draw up a project and schemes, it is necessary to start with the development symbols. Their decoding is shown below in the photo.

They start the project by creating an apartment plan, on which all lighting points, the location of switches and sockets are marked. Further, taking into account all the rules, the lines for laying conductors are drawn. In order for the wiring diagram to be practical, the location of the devices is thought out in advance.

At the next stage of drawing up the scheme, the connection to the connection point is thought out. This point requires more detailed consideration. This is due different types connections: parallel, serial or mixed. The last way is the most economical in terms of material usage and work efficiency.

To facilitate the process, connection points are divided into groups:

• lighting layout for the kitchen, corridor and living rooms;
• ensuring the illumination of the bathroom and the bathroom;
• installation of sockets in a residential area;
• power supply for the kitchen;
• electrical socket outlets.

This is one example of grouping for a wiring diagram. The bottom line is that the more carefully thought out the groups, the more economical will be the cost of materials, and easier drawing scheme. The dimensions of the apartment also matter. In a one-room design is carried out in one way, and in a room with large area- with the addition of elements.

Next important point- load calculation. It must be specified in the project. Calculations are made according to the formula I=P/U. It uses the values ​​P - the sum of the powers of all devices that are planned to be used, U - the voltage indicator in the network.

Example of voltage calculation: electric kettle - 2.2 kW, lighting for 10 light bulbs with a power of 100 W, the power of the refrigerator and microwave in the amount of 1.4 W. In apartments, the current strength is traditionally 220 volts. After calculations, they get: (2200 + 1000 + 1400): 220 = 20.1 A.

There are small assumptions. You can add a little to the calculated load. But, according to the standard, it is required not to exceed 25 A. Having calculated the load, they begin to purchase necessary materials based on the result. To facilitate the selection, the table below shows the main parameters of the wire and cable.

Installation of electrical wiring

Important! When installing new wiring, the old one is initially dismantled. In this case, a voltage tester must be used.

Mapping and channel preparation

All work begins with transferring the drawing directly to the walls. Prepare the surface according to the following algorithm:

1. According to the plan, we mark with a marker the necessary places for the passage of wiring. Then mark the places of installation of elements: sockets, shields, machines, etc. Everything is laid out according to the plan.

2. With a drill with a “crown” nozzle, holes are made for boxes under them at the locations of sockets and switches.

3. With the help of a perforator, strobes are made. You can also use a turbine for this. The strobe must be of a certain size so that the wire can easily fit in it.

After the surface is ready, lead the wires into the space from the side of the corner. To do this, you need to make a hole in the wall. It is best if it is placed in the corner of the room.

Open type wiring

At the initial stage, a shield is installed at a certain height. The RCD is placed directly in the shield. By quantity, they are determined according to the lighting groups. In terms of its structure, the shield looks like this: terminals for neutral wires are located at the top, and at the bottom for grounding. Between them are machines.

The connection in the switchboard device is carried out in the following way: the blue wire to the zero terminal, the white wire to the RCD in its upper part, the yellow wires to the ground terminals. The connections of the automata are made in a parallel way.

For an open type of installation, they are first fixed along the marked lines of the box. Fastening is carried out by means of dowels with self-tapping screws. The extreme ones are settled at a distance of about 5-7 cm, and then they adhere to a step of 0.5 m.

Important! When mounting open wiring, there is no need to prepare holes for sockets and switches. They are used as products that are hung on the plane of the wall.

All wires along marked lines are placed in boxes and led to distribution boxes. Connections are made directly to them. This can be done by tight twisting, after which the wires must be carefully insulated.

Hidden wiring installation

Hidden wiring is mounted a little easier in terms of the amount of work. According to the principle of connection, it differs from the open type only in that it is placed inside the walls, in a strobe prepared in advance. Before placing the wires in the strobe, they mount boxes for switches and sockets. They are fixed with alabaster. When the material has hardened, electrical wires are brought into them and, according to the plan, they are led to junction boxes in the strobe.

After all the sockets and switches are installed, the lighting devices are connected, the wires in the boxes are connected, it is necessary to check the correct connection. In order to avoid a mistake, the connections are “ringed out” with a special device for electrical testing.

On the video: TOP 10 wiring rules.

Which wire to use

Cables for providing electricity in the apartment must be selected according to certain criteria. It is advisable not to change anything at your discretion, since the safe functioning of the system depends on this.

Material and construction

There are two types of materials used to make wires: aluminum and copper. Aluminum is inexpensive, but copper is much more reliable and able to provide high-quality functioning.

According to their structure, the wires are divided into single-core and multi-core. In the first case, the material is covered with an insulation shell. The characteristics of single conductors include: cheap, easy to install, have a high degree stiffness. The latter property leads to frequent fractures of the conductor.

Masters prefer to work with stranded wires. They have good resistance to twisting, bending. If the circuit involves a sharp turn, then you can be sure that the conductor will not break.

Cable cross section for wiring in the apartment

Cable cross section is one of the important characteristics. It directly depends on its indicator whether the conductor can withstand the applied voltage. measured in square millimeters. So, in aluminum conductors with a core cross section of 1 mm 2 withstands a voltage of 8 A. With regards to copper products, 1 mm 2 is able to pass 10 A.

The choice of the conductor section must be carried out under load. It is not allowed to use wires whose cross section is less than the expected load.

Core insulation thickness

Every conductor has insulation. To ensure it, plastic materials. The thickness of the vein insulating layer is determined by articles normative documents. For example, for a conductor rated for a load of 660 V, with a cross section of 1.5-2.5 mm 2, the insulation thickness is 0.6 mm.

Shell thickness

The next point to pay attention to is the outer sheath of the cable. It is she who closes several wires of the conductor. Similar to core insulation, plastic materials are used for external insulation, but its thickness is much larger. Basically it is 1.4-1.8 mm. Take into account the fact that there are allowable deviations.

Marking

On any cable there are signs that are called markings. It allows you to better read information about the characteristics of the product:

• The first letter indicates the material from which the outer shell of the product is made.

• The following letters may indicate properties such as the degree of tightness, combustibility of the insulating layer, the presence of steel tapes in the insulation, flatness or flexibility.

• The material from which the conductor is made is marked only on aluminum cables the letter "A". On copper products, the letter of the material is not indicated.

• Additionally, you can read information about the manufacturer and date of manufacture.

Liver colors

The insulation of the cores can have a single color, and sometimes, a strip 1 mm thick can be applied along the entire length of the product.

The color of the core insulation characterizes the purpose of the conductor:

• the first is the phase, it is red, brown and white insulation;
• the second is zero, blue;
• the third is grounding, green or green-yellow.

The process of planning lighting in the house is quite responsible. But if the goal is achieved with all compliance with the rules, then this will lead to an amazing result. Right light in the interior enhances the effect several times. Consumer impressions are evaluated from comments found on the Internet.

How to choose cables and machines for an apartment (1 video)

Good afternoon. Please help with lighting planning in a one-room apartment. We will not zone the room with partitions, in the kitchen I threw in a rough plan, in the corridor there will be a wardrobe almost to the door to the room. After negotiations with the installers of the stretch ceiling - confusing a large number of proposed spotlights. Please advise or share your experience.

Experts answered the question

best answer

Good afternoon)

By lighting.

The kitchen should have general light

It should be work light

Optionally you can add decorative light

2 answers

Good afternoon)

It is better to draw a plan in any of the simplest programs, taking into account the dimensions. Some Planner 5D. And now you have a dining table 40x60 cm. As a result, it may happen that the aisles are too narrow and uncomfortable.

By lighting.

The kitchen should have general light: chandelier or ceiling lamp. If you have 2 zones, then you can make a lamp for each zone.

It should be work light over working surface kitchen set.

Optionally you can add decorative light in the form of a sconce over dining table and a sconce over the sofa.

It's the same in the bedroom. General light (chandelier) + bedside lamps + lighting in the closet + table lamp on a chest of drawers + a floor lamp by the chair.

In the bathroom: general light + good backlight above the mirror (or a mirror with built-in lighting). In the bathroom, all the light can be turned on with one switch - this is convenient.

Helpful answer? Yes 1 / No

But do not consider the option of moving the door to the room opposite the toilet and then the dressing room will turn out to be even more spacious, and the room can be freed from cabinets.

The entrance to the dressing room can be done through the closet (which stores things used in daily use), as in this blog:

Helpful answer? Not really

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