Step-by-step instructions for self-manufacturing a wooden staircase. Wooden stairs - the right choice and review of design options Photo of wooden stairs

Two-story houses or cottages should be equipped with reliable stairs. Wood is most often chosen as the material for the manufacture of these structures. Wooden stairs to the second floor can be purchased ready-made or made independently. By choosing the second option, you will reduce your material costs and do exactly what you really need.

Types of structures

To build a ladder structure, you must be able to use the tool, know the rules for constructing sketches and drawings. This will allow:

design all the constituent elements of the structure;
take into account potential weaknesses and correct shortcomings at the design stage;
calculate the dimensions of the steps so that it is convenient to climb and descend.

For the manufacture of stairs, it is best to use wood. This building material is environmentally friendly, practical, malleable in work, which is especially important for novice craftsmen. With the help of a special tool, you can make a staircase of such a shape that would ideally fit your interior:

straight or rounded;

simple or decorative;

heavy or light.

There are the following popular types of designs of wooden stairs:

Choosing a Stair Pattern

For a private house or a village cottage, both marching and spiral stairs are suitable. However, one should not forget that spiral structures require very precise installation, as well as special elements (for example, rounded railings). To make them, you need to master the technology of professional installation.

This is especially true for more complex staircase structures, which at the initial stage can only be used as a model for inspiration, not imitation. Do not rely on ready-made schemes, as they do not take into account all the features of your situation.

As for mid-flight stairs, it is much easier to make and install them with your own hands. They come in various configurations:

U-shaped two-march;

When placing stairs to the 2nd floor, with more than 10 steps, it is recommended to divide it with a platform with a turn, after which it can go up along the wall at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees.

The choice of one or another model depends on your taste and features of the layout of the house.

Preparation of materials

Before you make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, you need to decide on the choice of building material. The most popular types of wood are pine and larch. In terms of performance, larch products are better, as they are less susceptible to decay.

Larch is not afraid of moisture; moreover, when liquid is absorbed, the structure becomes stronger. This is a fairly significant advantage, since there will always be a little humidity in the house. For the construction of stairs, oak, cedar, beech and other types of wood are also suitable, but at a cost this is not the cheapest pleasure.

The life of a tree largely depends on how the lumber is dried. The limiting degree of wood moisture should be no more than 12%.

Well-dried boards are more expensive, but this is more than offset by the durability of the stairs.

If the lumber is wet enough, you will have to dry the wood yourself. To do this, it is placed in a well-ventilated room with a constant temperature regime for a period of at least 3 months.

Calculation of the main parameters of the stairs

Width

Standard staircase width - from 90 to 150 cm. But when calculating this indicator, the following points should be taken into account:

how convenient it will be for two people to walk towards each other at the same time;
whether the width you have chosen allows you to carry large items (furniture, appliances) up the stairs.

The comfortable range of staircase width for a private house is 1100-1300 mm. Less - difficulties in carrying furniture; more - an excess of occupied space.

Length

To calculate this indicator, you will need to take the size of the steps and count their number. Experience shows that when drawing on paper on your own, mistakes are made. As a result, the staircase in reality becomes longer than in the picture. You can get out of this situation as follows: include several winder steps in the staircase structure.

Height

Determining the overall height, inexperienced craftsmen often make mistakes. They take into account only the distance from the subfloor to the ceiling of the upper floor room. This is not entirely correct. When drawing up a drawing, it is necessary to take into account the finishing mark of the 1st floor and the thickness of the floor on the top floor, along with the finish.

Floor opening parameters

It is important to leave enough space between the steps and the ceiling of the upper floor. As a rule, it is equal to the height of the tallest person and is approximately 190 - 200 cm.

Stair slope

To build a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands, it is recommended to observe the slope of the staircase structure of 40-45 degrees. If this indicator is exceeded, then it will be difficult for elderly people, small children to climb on it.

The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is in the range of 30 - 37 °

When choosing a sloping design, the consumption of building materials increases and the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room is reduced. Therefore, when calculating this indicator, one should proceed from the available space.

steps

Their constituent elements are the tread and the riser. When determining the size of the tread, it is necessary to focus on the 45 foot size. Therefore, the optimal width of the steps is 30 cm.

The size of the riser, depending on the slope of the stairs, is from 15 to 20 cm.

When constructing drawings, it is important to consider the following:

All steps must be the same size.
If there are more than 18 steps in the design, then it is advisable to include 2 marches in the project and provide for a platform. It is called viewing, turning or intermediate. Its location can be the center of the span or an area near the beginning of the stairs.

Online calculator for calculation

For your convenience, you can perform all calculations using a convenient. As a result, you will receive ready-made drawings and bill of materials.

Installation of a marching wooden staircase

The installation of a wooden interfloor staircase begins with the manufacture of stringers (or bowstrings), treads and risers.

Development of stairs along the wall with dimensions

Treads are cut out of the board according to a previously prepared template. Their standard thickness varies from 30 to 40 cm. If you do more, then this will be an unjustified consumption of materials and a heavier structure. The risers perform a decorative function in the building. Therefore, you can save on them by using a board of 10-15 mm.

Stringers are made from a solid board, on which there are no defects. Both stringers must be identical so that the staircase does not turn out to be asymmetrical and skewed.

Kosour markup

Assembling a bowstring with stiffeners

Frame assembly

The installation of stringers begins with making cuts on the floor beam located at the top of the flight of stairs. Sometimes the cuts are replaced by metal stops, which should be attached to the vertical of the floor with anchors. Regardless of which method you choose, the stringers must be firmly fixed to the ceiling.

On the lower floor, along the line of the very first step, a support beam is installed in the floor. Anchors are used as fasteners.

Attaching the kosour to the floor

Assembly of components

Installing the steps will not be difficult. The cutouts of the stringers are coated with glue and risers are attached to them, which then need to be aligned and fixed with screws.

Fastening risers to stringers

Treads are laid on top and fixed to the risers, stringers. Under them, it is recommended to put polymer gaskets in the form of tapes. This will prevent squeaking as a result of friction between wooden parts.

The function of the fence is performed by balusters, when mounting which it is important to properly maintain evenness. For this purpose, the upper and lower columns are installed and connected to each other with a stretched thread. It serves as a guide when installing the rest of the elements. Balusters can be attached with screws or self-tapping screws, which are masked with grout or plugs.

The handrail is installed and fixed on the balusters. It can be wood, iron or other material.

Finishing

After installation, all surfaces must be sanded, including hard-to-reach places, ends, joints. Then the design is treated with protective agents, or paint.

Features of the manufacture of a spiral staircase

The manufacture and installation of wooden spiral staircases to the second floor is much more difficult than marching ones. But, on the other hand, they allow you to save usable space and are placed where there would not be enough space for a marching structure.

Screw structures save living space

The best option is to install a spiral structure with a central support. In this case, steps in the form of a triangle or a trapezoid are attached directly to it. To give the structure reliability, the support column with a specially attached heel is placed vertically and concreted at the base.

Holes are made in the steps from a narrower edge, with the help of which they are strung on a support pipe. Inserts in the form of a cylinder are installed between the steps, which determine the height of the structural elements. The last step on the upper tier is installed flush with the opening in the ceiling on the second floor and acts as an additional supporting element.

To make it convenient to go down and up, the vertical interval between the rows of steps should be at least two meters. And the width of the flight of stairs in cleanliness is at least 90 cm.

Often resort to more compact models of spiral staircases. This is permissible only when they do not plan to use it often. This applies, for example, to country stairs or to climb to the attic.

The most convenient tread depth is considered to be from 15 cm at the central pillar and from 35 cm from the outer edge. The height of the riser is on average about 20 cm. However, sometimes you can completely refuse them. This will make the structure more convenient, reduce its weight, and also reduce the cost of building materials.

Detailed and simple diagram for a standard staircase to the second floor.

Are you planning to build a private house on two floors or more? We recommend that you immediately plan what the staircase will be like. And we will help with this - this material describes in detail about the types for cottages, summer cottages and private houses, design requirements. Also, with the help of diagrams and drawings, we will use an example to show how a staircase is calculated and built. The design is quite simple - it cannot be compared with a roof, so even the owner, who has only minimal building skills, can make it. We will tell you how to make it so that instead of a wooden ladder you don’t get a stepladder. Having studied the drawings and diagrams, you can make a high-quality design.

Kinds

Two types have been used in private homes for centuries, which we will briefly consider:

marching. This option is the simplest in execution, while the design is reliable. If a beginner takes up the matter, then a marching wooden staircase will be an excellent solution. Also, the design can be divided into one-march and two-march. Despite the differences between these types, their manufacturing complexity is the same.
screw. Work for professionals, as it requires careful measurements and calculations. One miscalculation can ruin the entire structure, so only a master can do it with his own hands. The main advantage of this design is its compactness, because the design occupies a minimum amount of space in the house. Often a spiral wooden staircase is the center of the interior composition. The only negative is a rather steep climb, which adversely affects safety.

Of course, we will disassemble the mid-flight staircase, although we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the screw options. With your own hands, it is easier to perform a marching version, to which there are drawings.
Another disadvantage of a spiral staircase is that it will be inconvenient to carry large items from one floor to another.

Preparation of materials and features of work

Before you think about building with your own hands, you need to draw up or take ready-made drawings, as well as prepare tools and materials for the stairs connecting the second floor to the first.

Let's start with materials for the construction of the structure on the second floor:

screws;
thick boards, which will later turn into steps;
bars - the cross section must be at least 40 millimeters.

It is impossible to complete the work without a drawing, the image below shows in detail what needs to be measured, so that in the end it is possible to calculate the dimensions of the future structure.

It is also worth considering the following dimensions when planning a structure for the second floor from the first:

the angle of the stairs;
width;
the height of the entire structure;
number of steps.

If you have skills in working with a 3D editor, then you can make a detailed diagram. For example, the project will demonstrate whether a stepladder can be made from a ladder. It is also recommended to study the drawings.

Blueprints

The simplest drawing of a marching staircase to the second floor, which the owner can make with his own hands. The drawing shows a rather large structure, but sometimes such a staircase leads to the second floor.

Knowing the distance between floors, you can calculate the number of steps. For example, the height from floor to floor is 290 centimeters, the steps are 20 cm each. After simple calculations, 14.5 steps are obtained. It is necessary to round up to 14 or 15. In the first case, the height of each step should be 20.71 cm, and in the second - 19.33 cm.

The example uses integers - the height of the stairs to the second floor is 260 cm, each step goes 20 cm, as a result there are 13 of them. As for the dimensions of the flight of stairs, its width should not be less than 70 centimeters. In the big direction, the slope can be anything. In the example discussed in this article, the flight of stairs is 1 meter wide.

It is also worth considering the platforms that will be below and above. The dimensions must correspond to the dimensions of the flight of stairs. The ideal shape would be a rectangle or square.
These are the simplest schemes for making a wooden staircase to the second floor. The main thing is to choose a convenient angle of inclination, so that in the end there is no stepladder.

The most reliable option is a straight ladder. The U-shaped option is suitable for private houses, where there is a large area. A beginner is unlikely to master the L-shaped design.

Selecting an installation method

In the design of the future stairs may be present:

Bowstrings. This word refers to beams that support structures on both sides.
Kosoura. The second option is the beams that hold the steps of the stairs from below.

Installation

When the steps, platforms and beams are ready, you can proceed to the installation of the stairs with your own hands. In the example, a variant with stringers is considered. In advance, you need to make notes for the place of their installation. On the floor of the first floor, the stringers are installed on the support beam. In the place where the stairs go to the second floor, the supporting elements are placed in the gaps in the floor beam. In some cases, metal supports are used that serve the same purpose. The fastening of the stringers is carried out using anchor bolts.

During the installation process, you should always have a building level at hand, you can also determine the position by the body kit so that at the end you don’t get a ladder. Elements of a wooden structure must be installed perfectly level. The tread panels must be fixed on top of the stringers, it is most convenient to do this with self-tapping screws.

Steps ready? So you can start installing balusters on the floor. At the top and bottom of the structure, support posts are mounted that limit the handrails. They are also decorative and supporting elements.

Now installation:

Finished balusters must be covered with handrails (handrails), which are mounted on support posts. If the structure is large, then additional support will not interfere in the middle of the stairs.
Sometimes 3-4 racks are required. In this case, you should not waste your energy on balusters, since even boards will be a more rational solution.
After completion of the assembly, the wooden surface must be carefully sanded. You can do this with your own hands or with a power tool.
Next comes the preparation before painting: all debris and dust are removed, it must dry completely. If necessary, puttying is performed after grinding. Of course, wood coatings are needed for this work.
When the preparatory work is completed, you can paint the wooden elements. A primer is applied, and then 1-2 coats of paint. After drying, it is necessary to cover the structure with varnish. Alternatively, you can take a stain.

The result is a comfortable staircase with which you can comfortably and safely climb to the second floor. If the angle is calculated correctly, then there will be no ladder.

The ascent to the second floor in a private house can be done without problems with your own hands, having minimal skills in construction. The main thing is that it is reliable, safe and beautiful. Next, it will be considered in detail what the stairs to the second floor in a wooden house can be, options for their construction and design.

Requirements

First, it is worth describing in more detail the requirements that stairs in a wooden house should have. Since most of these projects are individual, there are no specific regulated technical standards. Some parameters are recommended for any wooden building.

The width of the stairs must be at least 90 cm, this will ensure not only ease of climbing, but also safety, including fire fighting - for quick evacuation. The slope usually does not exceed 40 degrees, a steeper one will become uncomfortable and dangerous, and with a less steep slope, the whole structure becomes more cumbersome and takes up more free space. Railings are best done 80-90 cm high.

The height of the steps in such a staircase should be 15–18 cm, so if you slip, there will be no chance of your foot falling into the opening between the balusters, even if the steps are solid, then a large value will give an uncomfortable lift. And if there are children in the house, then it is better to make a vertical distance of 7–10 cm. The number of steps per march is usually 8–15, the entire staircase will have 20–30 steps.

Structural strength is the main requirement, the ladder must withstand at least 200 kg. To do this, you need to use reliable fastenings of the frame, steps and railings, strong supports, high-quality material. If it is made of wood, then polished beams with a thickness of at least 20 mm should be taken - for steps, for the frame and supports - at least 60 mm, metal stairs must be securely welded at the joints.

All steps of a wooden staircase must be the same in length, width and height. The material must be polished and treated with varnish, so that it is smooth, does not have splinters and cracks. Beautiful appearance and original design can also be attributed to the desired requirements of such a design. Usually stairs to the second floor in a wooden house are installed in the hallway or hall.

Types of structures

By design, such stairs can be divided into the following types.

screw- are the most compact and often the cheapest, as they require a minimum of material and simpler installation work. You can install them even in a tiny country house, and they always look very original. But the disadvantage is the inconvenience of lifting, and if there are children and the elderly in the house, spiral staircases can also lead to injuries.

Marching straight lines- the most traditional version of the stairs to the second floor. When properly installed, they are comfortable, safe, and look great. The main drawback is the large space that stairways occupy in the room.

Turning stairs at the same time convenient and take up less useful space in a wooden house. The marches in them are usually located at an angle of 90 degrees and are adjacent to the adjacent walls of the room. Such designs also add originality to the interior of the building.

Execution materials

Materials for stairs to the second floor differ in cost and complexity of installation work. But in order to decide what to build a future structure from, it is necessary to consider in more detail the properties of each. Wood is the traditional and most popular material for the manufacture of stairs in a private house, which it confidently remains today.

This is due to a number of its advantages:

it is cheap and easy to process;
wood parts are easy to attach to each other;
it is a natural and environmentally friendly material without harmful impurities;
a wooden staircase always has an attractive and cozy look;
if necessary, wooden structures are easy to dismantle.

From wood, you can build a staircase to the second floor in almost any style: rural, classic, high-tech or modern, the main thing is to choose the right shape and color. Most often, marching straight and turning stairs for 2 spans are made of wood. Steps and railings are attached to nails or wood screws; to save money, often one of the load-bearing supports of the structure is the wall of a wooden house.

For the most elite and beautiful stairs, such types of wood as oak, beech, ash, cedar are chosen. They have noble shades with pronounced textures and excellent durability. More budget wood materials are pine and birch. When properly processed, seasoned and dry wood has excellent physical properties and durability.

Metal stairs are more durable and can last a long time. Aluminum alloys are most commonly used, copper and cast iron are also popular. The disadvantage is the complexity of installation, for strength, welding of the frame, steps and railings is usually required. An excellent option for a wooden house are all-metal stairs. The screw type of various metals is the most popular.

You can build in a wooden house and stairs made of natural or artificial stone. The cost will be high, but the view of such lifts to the second floor is very impressive. The advantage is their environmental friendliness, long service life.

How to do?

Before you build a lift to the second floor with your own hands, you need to decide on the choice of location, type of construction and materials of manufacture. In this case, it is worth considering where the hatch or door to the upper room will be located in order to connect the upper span with it. In order to correctly determine the amount of raw materials and fasteners in advance, it is worth creating a sketch that indicates the width and height of steps and spans, supporting elements, attachment points to the wall and floor, and the dimensions of the railing.

For the construction, it is necessary to prepare in advance the site where the structure will be mounted, as well as the adjacent walls. To prepare the material, installation and finishing, you will need: a hacksaw, a pencil, a ruler and a tape measure, a drill, a screwdriver, a square, a building level, a hammer and a brush.

To build a turning staircase with two flights of wood, you will need 8 steps with a width of 250 mm, a step height of 200 mm, a span of 900 mm and a platform of 900x900 mm. The railing can be of the simplest design, the main thing is that the distance between adjacent vertical posts is at least 400 mm. The installation begins with sawing the polished beams, for the frame it is good to choose them with a section size of 60 by 120 mm. The installation of the platform on vertical supports takes place in the corner of the room, then the bowstring of the lower march is made - inclined boards on which steps and railings will be attached. Fastening to the ceiling, that is, the existing wall of a wooden house, is carried out on metal screws, wood screws, at least 60 cm long.

When the platform on vertical racks and the bowstring are fixed, then the finished steps are placed and attached to the cutouts of the latter. After that, a railing is mounted to the lower span. Then, in the same way, proceed to the installation of the second march. His bowstring is already attached to the ceiling and the second adjacent wall. The second span turns out to be longer; for reliability, somewhere in the middle of it, it is worth installing an additional support beam.

Such a ladder is easy to install and convenient, but on a smoothly polished and varnished surface, the steps often slip. To avoid this, you can fix rough notches made of metal or other material on the stairs. After the design with the railing is ready, it is worth taking care of building a damper or an opening hatch to the second floor.

It is also easy to make a spiral staircase, which, with a floor height of 2.4–2.7 m, will require 12–15 steps. Its main forming element is the central vertical support, around which steps will rise in a spiral, they, unlike straight stairs, have the shape of a trapezoid. There are a huge number of design options and materials, including natural wood.

Making marches

Painting stairs made of wood can be made from any transparent quick-drying varnish. It is best to choose odorless varieties for indoor use. These can be alkyd varnishes, which have a relatively low cost, alcohol varnishes with good strength and moisture protection, environmentally friendly acrylic or polyurethane varnishes with high wear resistance.

Wooden stairs can be painted in any opaque color. At the same time, the pleasant texture and shade of natural wood are lost, but this way you can achieve, for example, the maximum combination with the rest of the interior or create a certain style. So that after painting there is no pungent smell in the room, you should choose resistant and high-quality acrylic, alkyd, emulsion paints.

Whatever the varnish, it should be carefully applied with a new brush with soft bristles. It cleans up after use. Even if the finishing material is odorless, it is better not to be inside the work area for a couple of hours and check the house.

Style and design may vary depending on the preferences of the owners. The most popular rural or country style for small wooden houses. It is based on maximum naturalness and simplicity. Therefore, it is worth choosing simple straight forms of steps and railings, using natural wood bars covered with transparent varnish. You can not treat the surface of the boards with decorative coloring agents at all, but only polish them as much as possible.

The classic style is typical for spacious rooms with a chic interior. It is best to choose noble dark woods for it. The railings of stairs in this style can have curved shapes, complex vertical racks of many elements, equipped with stucco molding. The main thing is not to overdo it in the number of decorative details and harmoniously fit the stairs into the interior of a country house.

Country houses with two or three floors are very compact and roomy, while occupying a smaller area on the site. Inside such a house, it is possible to easily plan functional rooms as minimally remote from each other. A safe and comfortable staircase in a private house to the second floor is an important structural element of a residential building, so when choosing a suitable project, it is important to take into account all the nuances of the construction of such structures.

A lush bouquet of flowers will decorate the interior of the hallway with stairs

Staircase in the house to the second floor - main views (photo)

At the design stage, a type of staircase is selected, guided by the size of the room. This will allow rational use of the allotted space. By design, there are three priority types of stairs.

Marching stairs

The most convenient and safe stair structures for private houses are considered to be stable and monumental flight stairs. A march is a span, of which there can be two or three, a platform is arranged between them.

Marching stairs vary in shape

straight;
curved;
rotary - P or L-shaped.

Direct staircase to the second floor An example of a curved staircase Staircase with one span

Advice! When choosing a specific shape, focus on the height and area of the room, as well as the convenience of the location of the second floor.

For spacious buildings, stairs with risers are suitable, giving a feeling of solidity and fundamentality. If you want to bring an atmosphere of lightness, then you should do without these details.

Black and white color combination has long been considered a classic

The ideal slope of the march is 45 degrees. Given the biomechanics of movement, the number of steps is performed from three to fifteen. If the height of the ceilings does not allow meeting this limit, two or even three marches are made.

It is customary to make the number of steps odd;
The most convenient step width is 25 cm, the allowable rate can vary from 22 to 30 cm;
The average riser height should be 15-20 cm;
The railing is located at a distance of 90 to 120 cm from the surface of the steps;
Home stairs in width should not be less than 0.8 m.

The flawlessness and perfection of white is emphasized by natural wood elements.

Fashion trend and charm of geometric shapes

Compact staircase in a private house in a non-standard design

Spiral stairs

A spiral staircase to the second floor with openwork railings gives a special charm of romanticism and a fabulous atmosphere. Such designs are ideal for small rooms, but are not at all recommended for the movement of the elderly, the disabled and small children.

The center of the spiral staircase is the rod. Steps are attached to it in a spiral. The width of their center to ensure the greatest security is 20-25 cm, and the outer part - up to 40 cm.

Thanks to their elegant shape, spiral staircases become an important element of interior design. They look modern, easily support a variety of style solutions.

Bolts stairs

For such a constructive solution, the load-bearing wall plays the role of a ladder support. Steps are fixed to it using bolts (bolts). The resulting composition looks light, weightless and fragile, although in fact it is reliable and durable, withstands a load of more than a ton.

Thanks to the bolts, even after installation, if necessary, you can adjust the height of the steps. For safety, the staircase is supplemented with railings.

Natural concrete walls at the peak of popularity

Folding ladders

With infrequent use of stairs, for example, to climb to the attic, many people prefer folding stairs. They are folding, retractable, telescopic, sectional.

An irreplaceable thing in everyday life becomes part of a decorative element

Such structures do not occupy the space of the lower room, and when there is no need, it is folded or pushed back.

It is worth considering and providing access to any hard-to-reach place in the house

As a rule, the width of such a ladder is from 60 to 65 cm. The optimal ceiling height for installing a folding ladder should not exceed 3 meters. Their external design is decided taking into account the overall design of the room.

Conciseness and uniqueness of design can be in one element

In the manufacture of stairs for private housing, several types of materials are used. The main selection criterion is strength and durability, but do not forget about the decorative characteristics.

wooden stairs

The traditional image of a two-story house is based on the presence of a solid wooden staircase with excellent carved balusters, polished railings, eye-catching beautiful texture.

This material has not lost its relevance in modern conditions.

Oak looks noble, wenge brings luxury.
Walnut, ash, beech - often used as the main material.
Maple, cherry, teak are very popular and in demand.
Larch is distinguished by durability and strength.
Pine wood is not strong enough and such stairs will not last long in operation.

The beauty and wealth of carved balusters

Balusters in the interior are a special style and impeccable taste

Unusual idea with a combination of steps of different sizes

Usually, a flight staircase is built entirely of wood. To ensure fire safety, the material is pre-impregnated with special compounds. From external influences, the finished structure is protected with varnish, which enhances the feeling of naturalness, making the wood texture very advantageous.

beauty and grace Light shades are combined with any materials An interesting idea brought to life
Modern combination of materials Minimalism in the interior Double-flight climb in a private house

metal staircase

Choosing stainless steel for the construction of stairs, you can provide your home with a durable, strong structure. Such material will not deform even in conditions of high humidity, it is not threatened with shrinkage and cracking.

Important! It must be borne in mind that metal varieties that have a protective paint layer are destroyed faster due to corrosive processes that occur with the slightest cracks and scratches.

The main architectural detail of the interior are thin metal bars, which serve as both a support and a fence.

Stylish and multifunctional solution for a private home

Metal is valued for the ability to give parts a variety of shapes - forged elements in any interior look elegant, bringing a touch of antiquity breathing grandeur.

Black metal color is in fashion now Lightweight design suitable for a two-level apartment Double-march rise to provide access to hard-to-reach places Design solution for safe lifting Modern interior in a country house

Concrete staircase

Solid and solid concrete stairs have a specific look and are not suitable for every style, because they do not have the sophistication of the baroque or the nobility of the classics.

Nevertheless, the material is in rather wide demand, since it can withstand, for a long time, significant loads, does not corrode and rot.

The lightness of heavy concrete is given by a glass partition

A marble countertop along the entire wall will visually stretch the space.

An important advantage of concrete surfaces is the possibility of decorating them with other materials - wood, plaster, stone, tiles. This allows you to give the necessary sound and makes the staircase a harmonious element of the overall interior.

For many, the low cost of the material is of great importance, however, it should be noted that the installation of concrete stairs will require the invitation of specialists.

stone staircase

Natural stone is one of the most expensive materials used for the construction of stairs. This design looks prestigious and elegant.

Important! It is not recommended to make steps from aristocratic stunningly beautiful marble, which is prone to abrasion. In order to obtain a wear-resistant staircase, granite is used; steps made of this stone are considered the most durable construction.

Interpretation of stone in a modern style

It will allow you to create the necessary entourage of an artificial stone, which is highly durable. With this solution, imitation of not only marble, but also charming malachite is available. You can choose the material with the effect of aging.

glass staircase

Transparent, almost imperceptible glass steps make spiral staircases and structures on the stairs weightless and airy. This feeling is enhanced if you set the right backlight.

For the manufacture of glass structures, only durable laminated or tempered glass is used.
It is also allowed to use monolithic glass, the thickness of which will be two or three layers.
The acrylic type of stairs is considered the most reliable, but the surface of such steps gradually loses its transparency.
Given certain safety requirements, as well as for maximum convenience, a protective side bar should be added.

Stair lighting should be of moderate brightness

The glass staircase seemed to dissolve into space

Staircase design in the interior in various styles

Since the staircase to the second floor is one of the key elements of the interior, its shape and color scheme is carried out in a certain style that supports the overall surroundings.

Modern and classic style for stairs design

Modern style the direction implies restraint and conciseness of forms. The material and type of construction can be any, but basically, preference is given to strict geometry, clear lines, and even planes.
Classic style supported by noble wood and stone. These materials are used for the manufacture of mid-flight stairs, but the main condition should be the presence of a spacious room.

The impeccably polished surfaces of the steps and other elements of the stairs will make a special accent to the interior. Carved and forged parts are still the best solution for decorating railings. On the walls it is appropriate to hang pictures in large frames with wood texture.

loft style staircase

A concrete or metal staircase will perfectly fit into the loft style. Such designs do not require additional decoration; brickwork on the wall will be a good neighborhood for them.

Other materials will also look good, provided that extremely simple forms are preferred. But do not forget, an important criterion is a comfortable safe movement.

The iron staircase with rust effect is a highlight that gives the interior a personality.

The perfection of stairs in the style of minimalism

Stairs in a private house to the second floor, designed in the style of minimalism, completely merge with the common space, without attracting attention. This is achieved through the selection of textures and colors. The most successful here are the steps that are fixed on the bolts.

If a mid-flight staircase is structurally necessary, then the railing must be made thin, this will allow you to get closer to the main interior surroundings.

Refinement of Art Deco stairs

Diverse and elegant Art Deco emphasizes the level of prestige in every detail of the staircase. They look harmoniously, emphasizing monumentality and nobility, marching staircase structures.

Their railings are often made with intricate floral intertwining patterns. Corresponding to the Art Deco style are the spiral steps of the screw structures.

Provence style staircase

The sophistication and sophistication of the Provence style will be favorably emphasized by a smoothly curved single-flight staircase. It is most often made of wood, but other materials are also welcome, for decoration light colors are preferred - milky, beige, muted blue.

The style is harmoniously emphasized by the presence of openwork details or carved railings. On forged elements, a patina will be appropriate, creating the effect of antiquity.

Restrained and extravagant style in the design of country houses

The layout of the stairs in a two-story house - design options

The placement of the stairs is thought out in detail at the design stage of the house. But sometimes there is an urgent need to install this design if work was carried out to build an attic or a full-fledged second floor on an already built building.

The choice of location depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings, and the need to ensure maximum convenience for movement. For example, in large houses, stairs to the second floor are placed in a spacious living room.

Often, a design made of prestigious materials becomes an adornment and dignity of the living room. Such a layout for the placement of the stairs will be convenient if the bedrooms are located upstairs.

The correct functionality of the space under the stairs

Most often, under the flight of stairs, located against the wall, there is free space. It can be used for the benefit of the whole family if additional storage space is required, closed shelving should be built there.

By installing a computer desk with a comfortable chair, it is possible to equip a full-fledged work area. Wall shelves and a bookcase will help complete the look of a mini office.

You can purchase or make your own decorative fireplace portal. Place a small sofa, coffee table or comfortable chairs nearby - you get a comfortable seating area. To obtain an imitation of a bewitching flame, place special electrical appliances inside the portal.

Shelves with collection wines behind glass facades are superbly placed in the space under the stairs. If the area allows you to install a bar counter with high stools, backlight with subdued lighting.

Own mini bar in the house is the pride of the owner

With a rational approach, the niche under the stairs will harmoniously fit into the overall interior of the room and turn into a comfortable functional area.

It is important to think over the lighting of this rather closed space. This will maximize the safety of movement on the stairs, as well as add comfort when using a niche according to the selected functionality.

The simplest solution is wall sconces. A sophisticated atmosphere is created by an LED strip attached to the bottom of the staircase. By placing a floor vase with a large flower and illuminating it from below, you can achieve the feeling of whole thickets in which it is pleasant to sit in a comfortable chair and relax.

The staircase in a country house is not only a structure necessary for comfortable and safe ascent and descent, but also a central decorative element of the interior.

Given its versatility, initially choose a suitable strong and durable material, carefully consider a practical color and texture solution.

Starting the construction of a large, multi-storey cottage, many people often do not think about such an important element as a staircase. After that, already in the process of construction, they begin to puzzle over the issues of its design, engineering and other things. The staircase can be made simple and almost invisible, or it can be turned into a real work of art that can attract the eyes of all the guests of the house.

Designing stairs is considered one of the important stages of building a house. Stairs are able to favorably emphasize the space of a living space, becoming its highlight. With a competent approach to solving this issue, you can get an unsurpassed option.

The project of a wooden staircase in a private house

Stairs can be divided into external and internal. Internal stairs are located between the floors of a residential building, providing unhindered movement from one room to another. External stairs carry the function of ennoblement. In addition, it is taken into account what type it will be, so that the staircase is fully correlated with the house (that is, its dimensions are taken into account in relation to the surrounding space).

External stone staircase project

There is a huge variety of shapes and sizes of structures that are sometimes simply amazing, but, in general, it is customary to divide all stairs into two types.

Drawing and diagram of the device curved stairs

For the design of street stairs, it is necessary to choose a material resistant to corrosion due to prolonged exposure to a large amount of moisture and sudden changes in temperature. Bronze is considered an excellent material for this type. But due to the fact that the metal is quite expensive, the availability of such a structure becomes limited.

An alternative to such a metal staircase can be a cast-iron version. The metal used for manufacturing has good characteristics, and at a relatively low cost, stairs become more accessible to a wide class of consumers. Also, as an alternative to metal, you can use wood treated with various impregnations.

A wooden staircase can be made a highlight of home design

The choice of materials for stairs located inside the house

Currently, thanks to the mass of various technologies, it is possible to build stairs using stone, wood and metal. Stairs designed by combining metal and wood or metal and stone look very concise. In the first version, the steps are made from specially processed boards of wood of various species, and the handrails are made by forging in foundries, and then the structure is assembled together on site.

Combined forged curly staircase

In the second version, the steps are laid out with stone. It should be noted that marble stairs with wrought iron railings can rightfully be considered a work of building art.

Marble forged stairs amaze with their splendor

Perhaps the most common material used in the manufacture of stairs is wood, which must be handled very carefully. Ash, beech or oak need one treatment; larch, birch and pine - in another.

Calculation, drawing and design of wooden stairs

Before you start designing a staircase, you need to answer some questions. It should be determined whether the designed structure will successfully fit into the area of the ground floor area, which is intended to start the ascent? In addition, the staircase must match the configuration and area of the opening in the interfloor ceiling, through which the ascent to the second floor will be completed.

Drawing of a wooden spiral staircase to the second floor

For example, a single-flight staircase requires at least one square meter of free space on the floor and above itself - an opening that partly repeats its rectangular appearance, but is somewhat reduced due to the part hanging over the first steps. These points should be foreseen even before the design of the structure.

Let's say the ceiling height is 280 cm, and the ceiling thickness is 20 cm, the result will be 300 cm. The height of the steps is 18 cm. Thus, we divide 300 cm by 18 cm and get the height of the steps 16.6 cm. Do not forget about that it is necessary to calculate the maximum allowable overhang of the ceiling over the initial steps of the stairs. To do this, subtract 190 cm from 280 cm (the average height of a person with a small margin), after which the resulting number (90 cm) is divided by the height of the steps (16.6 cm). The result will be 5.4. This number is rounded up to 5 and we get exactly the number of steps above which there can be an interfloor overlap, after which the opening area begins.

Drawing of a wooden staircase to the second floor of the house

After that, you need to get more accurate parameters, which include the width of each step. The width should be such that the step fully fits the foot of an adult in its natural position (that is, perpendicular to the length of the step). The ideal option in this case is considered to be 30 cm. 30 cm is multiplied by 5 (number of steps) and get 150 cm. Thus, it turns out that the opening of the interfloor floor with dimensions of 4.5 m by 1.56 m should begin 150 cm from the start of the ascent up the stairs and end 90 cm after this mark.

The total length of the stairs is calculated using the Pythagorean formula - the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs (3 2 + 5.4 2 = 38.16). The square root of this number will be 6.18 m. Accordingly, the total length of the stairs will be 6.18 m. In fact, on these calculations, the process of creating a staircase design (with the exception of the railing) can be considered completed.

This video shows how the detailed design of the internal wooden stairs to the second floor of the house takes place.

Design of metal stairs

This type of design is quite common. This is due to the fact that metal stairs are ideal for office buildings, and with a certain design project, they will also decorate a residential building.

When designing metal stairs, you should decide what type of structure you would like to see in your interior. It can be a spiral staircase, a staircase with bowstrings, a cantilever staircase or a staircase with stringers.

A spiral staircase or, as it is often called, a circular staircase will save space, its steps can be made of any material with steel handrails.

Stairs on kosour are also quite often used (the kosour is the main support of the march beam and is attached to the step). Structures on bowstrings, as well as on stringers, are a kind of marching type of stairs. Bowstrings are inclined beams, treads are attached from the inside, but look like stringers.

Drawing and diagram of the staircase on broken side stringers

The cantilever staircase is made with the help of anchor fastening without the use of stringers and bowstrings, which creates the impression of airiness and lightness (when replacing the floor, dismantling of such a staircase is not required).

Cantilever staircase to the second floor of the house

Designing stairs in private homes is best done with the help of professionals. This process requires special knowledge and skills. Specialists will provide you with an option that will best fit into your design project and will not take up much space, and most importantly, will be safe for you and your family.

The design of stairs in private houses can be preliminary and complete. In the first option, a 3D model is developed, where you can view the virtual layout of the future staircase and change some elements. In full design, a model is also developed, plus documentation is also compiled (for example, a specification of elements and drawings of parts).

If you decide to contact a company operating in another city or region, it is possible to order such a design online, the calculation in this case will be made by bank transfer.

It is highly undesirable to plan the construction of stairs with a deviation from the standard dimensions of the stairwell. If a single-flight staircase project is being created, then it must be at least 1x3 m; screw with a central post - at least 2 m in diameter. Decreasing these figures may affect some technical parameters (eg the angle of inclination or the height and width of the steps).

Drawing of a simple project of a wooden single-flight staircase to the second floor

The stairwell should ideally be insulated by volume. If there is no separation of floors by doors and walls, then warm air will rise unhindered, thereby causing a thermal imbalance.

When arranging stairs, it is undesirable to use massive materials (balusters, steps and railings). In the manufacture of staircase elements, it is recommended to give preference to glued wood, which in the future will avoid the appearance of cracks in the structure. For the same purposes, small gaps should be left between structural elements.

It is best to purchase the components of the structure from the same manufacturers, as this will allow you to choose the material not only of the same color, but also of identical processing.

Installation of stairs in a wooden house should be carried out no earlier than 10-12 months after the start of operation of the building. The reason is that a wooden structure during this time can shrink up to 10% of the height, which, of course, will affect the design of the stairs as an interfloor connecting element.

The slope of the flight of stairs must be at least 20 degrees, the width of the steps must be at least 100 cm, and the tread depth must be at least 25 cm.

Comfortable walking angles for stairs

The distance between the balusters should not exceed 15cm, and their most acceptable height should be between 85-90cm.

The optimal distance between the balusters of a wooden staircase

For tinting wooden stairs, it is recommended to use only those coatings that are intended for finishing parquet and furniture. Those products that are used to protect wood from weathering can be too toxic.