How to hammer an anchor bolt. Anchor bolts - purpose, types and sizes

Anchors for concrete are designed for fastening various structures, parts, equipment to a bearing base. metal product is a rod with expanders, bushings, sleeves or other devices for reliable adhesion to the material. Anchors are made of galvanized or stainless steel. durable brands, brass, aluminum, coated with anti-corrosion compounds.

Concrete is a porous material with a heterogeneous structure. At the attachment point, forces are created - for tearing, compression, shear, shear, bending, twisting, which the anchor perceives together with the supporting structure.

It uses three operating principles:

When the surface of the bolt and the base material interact, friction forces arise. The thrust is created by metal collets, dowels.
At the anchoring depth, the material resists crushing or breaking. This is facilitated by collet bushings on fasteners, extensions, curved shape rod.

Acting loads are compensated by tangential stresses at the point of contact of the monolith and the metal rod during gluing or monolithic. Adhesive anchors, smooth embedded parts work according to this principle.

In case of incorrect selection of fasteners, damage to the material of construction, the body of the anchor, or its tearing, bending, melting, burning out, and corrosion are possible. The consequences of this can be catastrophic - the collapse of roofs, facades, walls or fences.

Improper design, fastening and operation of anchors in bridges, dams or overpasses leads to emergency situations. But even an unexpected fall of a shelf for books, a cornice or a TV is not the most pleasant event, fraught with injuries and material losses.

To prevent this from happening, the anchors rely on loads. For the design of fasteners, the Manual to SNiP 2.09.03 is used, which contains a classification, a calculation algorithm, recommendations for the formation and marking of wells, and the installation of bolts.

Anchors perform a load-bearing or structural function. In the first case, this is a loaded mount, where the following is connected to the base:

beams;
floor slabs, balcony consoles;
farms, columns;
elevators, flights of stairs and sites;
wall or finishing panels;
communications, engineering equipment;
window or door frames;
canopies, visors;
extensions;
ceiling lamps, hoods;
dropped ceilings.

Hardware is used for laying logs on concrete floors or slabs with voids. Installation of anchor bolts is used when attaching hanging furniture, electrical equipment to the wall.

Structural fasteners are used to prevent the displacement of parts of the assembly, the stability of which is ensured by their own weight, as well as their straightening during construction.

No building is built without anchors. They are mounted before pouring concrete or after - in a prepared hole or a finished well.

Types and methods of fastening

Anchoring perform various types steel products, where one or several acting forces are used simultaneously - friction, emphasis and intermolecular bonding during gluing.

Anchors are classified on the basis of:

purpose - foundation, ceiling, frame, universal;
shape - straight or curved;
construction - solid or prefabricated;
surface - smooth or threaded;
contact area - for dense or porous material;
installation method - hammering, screwing, gluing, through fastening.

Spacers

To solve critical problems, expansion anchors for concrete with nuts are used, where the friction force works. They are a threaded stud with a conical tip and a bushing. When screwed in, it wedged and firmly holds the bolt in the concrete body.

Advantages of these wedge fasteners:

ease of installation of anchors in concrete;
the possibility of through installation;
high bearing capacity.

Wedge hardware is used only for dense concrete. They need to be immersed deep enough, they cannot be reused.

If a bracket is installed at the end of the rod instead of a nut, equipment can be suspended from such a mount.

Varieties of the wedge anchor - sleeve or sleeve hardware. They are produced in the form of a bolt with a special wedge nut at the end or a stud with a conical flare. For uniform distribution of internal stress, they are reinforced with a double thrust.

These fasteners are used in concretes of high and medium density. Sufficient contact area with a small diameter of the rod allows you to withstand significant loads.

driven

For dense concrete, short drive-in anchors are used with metric thread and inner cone. It wedges the base when screwing in a bolt or stud.

The mount is simply made, does not protrude to the surface. This option is used for the installation of ceiling ducts, ducts and other engineering equipment.

AT drilled hole clog the hardware, wedge it with a center punch and twist the threaded rod of any length.

Drive-in anchors include a ceiling anchor or dowel-nail, which are attached to the base through the part. This is a convenient connection for Armstrong ceilings, hangers, rails, mounting mortgages. Since the bolts are non-removable, they are often used as anti-vandal and fire protection fasteners.

frame

Designed for fixing window or door frames. The sleeve is cut along its entire length, and a small wedge nut, when tightened, presses the structure against the opening to the desired position.

Stops are located in the upper part of the sleeve to protect against rotation and displacement around the axis.

Self-tapping screws for concrete

A strong connection is created by a thread along the entire length of the hardware. When screwing in concrete, there is a high resistance to shear or tearing of the product. Due to this, the bearing capacity of the fastening is very high.

Self-tapping screws take up to 100 kg of load, are easy to install and reliable in operation.

expanding

These include the Molly bolt, colloquially called the "butterfly". Designed for mounting fixtures, shelves, cornices, paintings in hollow concrete structures with low bearing capacity.

A collet on a bolt or screw is a drop-down skirt; when the rod is screwed in, it rests against inside base cavity.

Special spikes with outside the collets go deep into the concrete, do not allow the hardware to rotate or move during installation. "Butterfly" can be sold without a screw.

Anchor of this type is a semi-liquid quick-hardening mass, with the help of which studs or bolts are glued into the base.

The compositions provide a strong bond with concrete without point or local stresses. The load is evenly distributed along the length of the joint.

Dimensions and characteristics of anchor bolts

Anchor bolts Concrete is classified by size into three groups:

small ones - up to 8 mm in diameter and up to 55 mm long;
medium - up to 12x120 mm;
large - maximum size 24x220 mm.

Mark the anchor according to the dimensions, indicate the thread diameter, drill number, the thickness of the attached part, the depth of the mounting hole.

For example, the designation of the fastener M8 10 / 60-115 stands for:

thread diameter - 8 mm;
drill diameter - 10 mm;
anchor length - 115 mm;
the thickness of the attached element is 60 mm.

Specifications - minimum tearing force, permissible bending and maximum torque, hardware weight - are indicated in the table of fastener parameters.

Based on the test reports, special tables are compiled with information on the recommended design and maximum load per unit, distance from the edge and between the axles. Based on these data, fasteners with optimal characteristics are calculated and selected.

Installation instructions

Anchors for concrete are mounted before the monolith is poured or on a ready-made base. In the first case, a stud, bolt or other embedded part is fixed with wire or welded to reinforcing cage then pour the solution.

To protect the thread from contamination, it is covered with a film. Further work is started after the concrete has gained strength.

In the second case, the technology includes well preparation and product installation.

drilling

Before installing an expansion, driving or expanding anchor bolt in concrete, prepare a hole:

Mark the positions of the hardware on the basis
A drill or puncher drills a hole 20 mm longer than the rod and with a diameter recommended by the bolt marking.
Using a vacuum cleaner, clean the hole from drilling residues.

If you need to fix any part on the base, first drill it, and then make a hole through the finished hole in the carrier element.

Installation of an anchor with a nut

The installation of an anchor bolt with a nut is used to fix structures of small thickness, for example, wooden board or a metal corner, to the base.

The bolt is driven into the hole with a hammer, the nut is tightened with a wrench. It is recommended to use an overlay from a bar or trimming a board so as not to damage the top of the threaded hardware.

If the bolt needs to be removed, loosen the nut and remove it from the wall.

for hanging household appliances or equipment on a vertical surface, use anchors with a bracket instead of a nut. It is screwed in until it stops, making sure that the hook is in the desired position.

Chemical anchor installation

Liquid or injection dowels are installed according to the manufacturer's instructions. They are available in capsules or cartridges.

Installation of each type has its own characteristics:

The capsule is placed in the hole, then a bolt or stud is screwed in. Wait until the composition is completely hardened.
The cartridge is loaded into the gun, the well is filled under pressure, the hardware is mounted.

Conclusion

In order for the fastening to be reliable, before installing the anchor, you need to calculate the load, select the product according to technical specifications and install correctly.

Often, with various types of repair and installation work there is a need to fix in the wall various designs. To do this in practice is much more difficult than it might seem at first glance. Standard methods do not work very well, especially when the structure is heavy and puts a lot of pressure on the attachment point, or the wall does not have such strong properties as concrete. In such cases, it is much more practical to use the so-called anchor fastening to the wall.

Anchoring, the best option for attaching items to the wall

The principle of operation of anchors - how do they cope with loads?

The principle of operation lies in their technology and a special prefabricated structure, thanks to which the load has a completely different character. The fact is that the anchor bolt bursts during installation already in the wall, it cannot be pulled back with any effort, like a nail, dowel or screw.

It is impossible to pull the anchor bolt from the wall

In this case, the load is dispersed over a small surface area in which the bolt was installed, and not at one point, as with standard fixations. To enhance its ability, a metal sheet is additionally mounted along with it, which takes on most of the load and distributes it over the entire plane of the sheet, and than more area sheet, the more load the bolt can withstand.

When anchoring, the load is distributed along small area

Anchors: their effectiveness and varieties

The performance of anchor bolts speaks for itself, this is the latest modern device that is rapidly gaining popularity due to its ease of use and practicality. On the this moment there are no analogues for them that could be compared in terms of savings and physical characteristics. Taking as a basis the physical laws of load dispersal in a plane, experts came to a very effective solution and created this device.

Anchor bolts are divided into several types

Anchors are of various types, have approximately the same properties and functions, each has a fundamental difference. They are divided into the following types and subspecies:

Mechanical:
- mortgage;
- spacer;
- driving;
- wedge;
- a bolt with a ring or a hook;
- frame;
- hairpin;
- facade;
- ceiling;
- spring.
Chemical:
- fastener-monolith;
- for outdoor and internal works;
- for fastening in loose and thin-walled bases;
— resistant to vibrations;
- long serving;
Plastic.
Ground.
For the device of the foundation.
Height adjustable.

Pick up suitable look won't be difficult

How to fasten an anchor bolt: a reliable anchor for any application

Despite its endurance to loads, it is installed very simply, in three stages:

- drill a hole in the wall with a drill or puncher;
- install a bolt in the hole;
- spread the anchor base.

This installation guarantees reliable use for any purpose and load. The anchor base will perfectly cope with any type of application.

These bolts are very easy to use.

Foundation installation

In the same way, anchor bolts are installed in the foundation. For example, to install steel columns to the foundation. These are the first anchor bolts that are used in the construction of a house, they withstand enormous loads, as they are part of the supporting foundation of the building.

Anchor bolts for the foundation can withstand very heavy loads

Anchors with a hexagonal head differ from the rest in their strength. A hexagonal metal sheet is superimposed on the wall or floor, and anchor bolts are screwed or hammered into the drilled holes at the corners of its faces. This design is considered to be very reliable and able to withstand any application, even the lifting of cars if the installation was made on the floor. By itself, the hexagonal structure has unique features to withstand high pressures and not deform at the same time due to its stiffeners. Hexagonal parts are often used in various technical areas due to their features.

Hex head anchors are more durable

The wedge anchor has a very good bearing capacity due to friction forces, its anchor bursts inside the material, as if clinging to the wall, it does not allow pressure to pull itself out. Wedge anchors are also divided into different types, it is worth remembering that the stronger the adhesion due to friction forces, the better its bearing capacity, but at the same time the base material must be stronger, otherwise fixing it will simply destroy it. This type is not recommended for walls with low strength, for example, from a gas block.

These anchors are best used for solid walls.

The bolt type also has a bolt and nut that adjusts the armature to control the fixation. But unlike the wedge type, the bolt type has an anchor along almost the entire length of the bolt, which dissipates pressure along the entire length of the recess. Thus, the destruction of the wall is minimal and this type can be used not only in concrete and high-strength walls, but also in more fragile materials, which makes it quite popular. But they also have their weak sides. For example, if compared with wedges, then at the same pressures, for bolted ones, a larger axle diameter must be used, which will lead to new problems. It is necessary to use a drill with a larger diameter, and accordingly, make a larger hole in the wall, which will entail high costs, and can also weaken the strength of the wall material if it is not strong enough. Such anchors can be both single-spaced and double-spaced, which allows them to be more firmly held in the base and disperse internal stress. This property increases bearing capacity with less wall damage.

Anchor can be adjusted with a bolt and nut

The threaded impact anchor is strictly used for strong materials, the impulse vibrations will destroy the fragile wall before the installation is finished. It has a thread, and inside a cone that bursts from the inside. It is easy to install, you just need to drill a hole, score and wedge. It is easy to pick up a bolt of any length to it, it is installed at the level of the wall and does not require subsequent trimming, which speeds up the installation process, and is also convenient to use. It is usually used to install pipes on ceilings, ducts and ducts.

Such anchors are used only for durable surfaces.

Installation tools are the most common and can be found in everyone's garage, because installation of anchor bolts does not require any special tools. Enough conventional drill or a perforator (depending on the material of the wall on which the installation is made), a hammer. If shock types of fasteners are used - wrench, for fixing the attachment of the anchor base. Using these simple tools any type of installation of absolutely any anchor fasteners is possible. The installation itself is carried out depending on the type of fastening and, of course, the experience of the master, because not correct installation can lead to various destructive side effects, for example, the destruction of the base of the surface. It is also necessary to correctly select the correspondence between the type of fastening and the surface material, because not every surface is able to withstand strong point pressure and not every fastener is designed for overload, this was discussed above. Before deciding to buy, be sure to consult with an experienced builder or an installer, and you can also consult with sellers of construction companies and shops, such consultation will not be superfluous when making a decision.

Only a drill is needed to mount the anchor

Correct and secure fastening- this is one of the main conditions in the construction, to create durable home. Anchors take first place among other similar devices for installing heavy structures on the surface various types. Due to their unique structure and mechanics of distributing internal loads, they are able to support very heavy structures, as far as the strength of the material allows. And even for fragile surfaces, thanks to the additional overlay metal sheets and through installation, they can withstand incredible load forces, which will allow you to install, even at home, heavy equipment or specialized installation, not to mention the erection of the structure itself with the reliability and variety of applications of modern anchor fasteners.

Fastening is a mandatory procedure for repair and construction

Thus, if you approach this issue responsibly, having familiarized yourself with the types of fixators, their physical properties, they will never, even after many years, break out. Even if it is necessary to dismantle them, it will not be possible to remove them from the wall without destruction, and if the wall has high strength, then this will not be easy, the anchors are installed one time, without the possibility of reinstallation, but here everyone chooses what is more important, durability and reliability or the possibility of dislocating the anchor bolts.

Video: Installing anchor bolts

Video: Anchors. The principle of operation of the anchor bolt

Installation of anchor bolts must be carried out in accordance with a certain technology. Its choice depends on the design and purpose of the anchor, the place of its installation, as well as the material and structure of the base into which it is attached.

1 How anchors work - how do they handle loads?

Anchor bolts perform the role of fasteners and are held in the base in which they are installed, due to two forces that arise after applying a load to them.

The stop force occurs when a load or its component is applied, directed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the anchor and tending to bend, tear or break it. In this case, the force exerted on the fastener is compensated by the internal resistance of the materials: the bolt itself - to break; base - to destruction due to the load stress transferred to it from the anchor.

The friction force appears when a load or its component is applied, directed along the axis of the anchor and tending to pull it out and pull it out of the base in which it is fixed. In this case, the bolt compensates for the force exerted on it and is held in place of fixation due to the friction of its elements against the base material.

These forces most often occur simultaneously, but sometimes separately. They are the greater, the deeper the bolt is mounted (or longer) and its design, as well as the structure and material of the base, is better adapted to this kind of load resistance. Accordingly, the permissible maximum value of the latter also depends on these parameters and factors.

2 Installation in the foundation - about the very first anchor bolts

Some of the earliest anchor bolts were designed for foundation installation only. Currently, they are produced in 6 types with a length of up to 5 m and a diameter of up to 140 mm. Mount these foundation bolts like this:

anchors with a bent stud - attached to the mounted one before it is poured with concrete;
with an anchor plate - also installed before the base is made or immersed in it immediately after the completion of the pouring of the solution;
composite - the lower stud with a coupling put on it is immersed in the concrete of the foundation during its pouring, and the upper rod is twisted into the coupling when the base has completely hardened;

removable ones are mounted in the same way as composite ones - their anchor reinforcement is immersed in liquid concrete, and after the latter has hardened, a stud with lock nuts is installed;
straight - installed in holes drilled in a hardened foundation, and the voids remaining after installation are filled adhesive composition or solution;
conical - also inserted into the prepared holes of the finished base, but they are fixed with an expanding collet at the end.

The main purpose of anchors for the foundation: fastening building structures or taking on loads from them during the operation of the structure.

3 Fastening of modern general purpose anchors

Currently, general purpose anchors are also produced. They can be mounted on almost any ready-made base. Most often, these bolts are installed in a wall or ceiling.

All general purpose anchors are divided into 2 main types: mechanical and chemical. The first are fixed mechanically. The second - thanks to a special adhesive, which is fed into the mounting hole for the bolt. This chemical composition fills the space between the anchor and the base, as well as all voids adjacent to the fastener, if any. The adhesive then sets and secures the bolt with uniform distribution loads even in porous and hollow material.

Mechanical anchors, according to the method of fastening, are divided into types:

clogged;
wedge;
expanding;
spacer.

Anchors must be properly selected before installation. desired view and standard size. This is done based on the condition and strength of the base at the installation site of the fastener, as well as the nature and magnitude of the load that the latter will have to withstand. If there is a material (plaster or similar) on the surface of the base that is unable to hold the anchor, then a bolt of greater length than was calculated should be taken. The size of the fastener must be increased by the thickness of the weak layer.

Installation of anchors in a wall, ceiling, and so on begins with accurate marking - this type of fastener after installation and fixation cannot be removed without destroying the base material. Then, as shown in the video, we drill a hole perpendicular to the surface of the base.

Its diameter must exactly match, and the depth must not be less than those specified by the manufacturer of the bolt.

The finished hole must be thoroughly cleaned of crumbs and dust of the base material with a brush, vacuum cleaner or air pressure. Then install the anchor.

Chemical - having previously filled the hole 2/3 with adhesive. We expose the bolt, as shown in the video, to the desired depth and center. We do not load the anchor for the time specified in the instructions to allow the glue to harden.

We put the sleeve of a mechanical clogged without a bolt to the hole and hammer it into it. In this case, the edges of the sleeve, which is made of soft metal, are deformed and hold it under load in the hole. Then, passing through the part to be fixed, we screw in the bolt.

All other mechanical devices are inserted into the hole as prefabricated ones, without twisting or removing them. constituent parts. If the part is immediately attached, then we insert the anchor through it. With a light tapping of the hammer, we fasten the fasteners to the washer, bolt head, screw or wedge body. Then, at expansion and expansion anchors, a nut, bolt or screw is screwed. If either with a hook, then you can twist it for them. In this case, the expanding or spacer mechanism will open and securely fix the fasteners in the hole. At the wedge anchor, we hammer in the side beard or the central wedge. They will activate the wedging mechanism.

During construction or repair work can not do without the use of a variety of fasteners. Some of them, such as self-tapping screws, are as simple as possible to handle, and some require certain knowledge and skills. As an example, consider how to attach anchor bolts. At first glance it may seem that this is not particularly difficult, but it all depends on the type of anchors, and the surface in which they need to be fixed.

The design and principle of operation of the anchor bolt

Anchor bolts are used to fasten any elements or structures to concrete or brick surfaces. First of all, it is necessary to say a few words about how the anchor bolt is arranged. In fact, its design is somewhat reminiscent of a simple plastic dowel, but with some additions. The anchor bolt is an outer body with slots on one side, the bolt itself is inserted inside and a special nut into which the bolt is screwed. Some designs of anchors may provide for the use of special washers designed to prevent moisture from entering the hole. In rooms with high humidity it is advisable to use such elements.

The anchor works on the principle of spreading inside the hole. The bottom line is that as the bolt is tightened, a special nut, which has a slightly conical shape, will be tightened into the body and expand it inside the hole. As a result, the maximum tight retention of the element inside the surface is achieved.

Types of anchor bolts

For completeness of understanding, it is worth saying a few words about what options for anchor designs can be found on the construction market.

Anchor bolt with washer. As mentioned above, this type of fastener is used when there is a need to protect the anchor hole from moisture. Although in principle, you can use it everywhere.
Anchor bolt with nut. Most often used for fastening structures. Such fasteners are convenient in terms of installation. You just need to twist the top nut, and after installing the structure, screw it into place. It is used to install structures, for example, hangers, shelves and other things.
Anchor bolt with hook or ring. It is used in cases where you need to hook something or tie a rope to a ring.
L-shaped anchor bolt. Used to install various elements, such as water heating boilers.

Installation work

As for how to fix the anchor bolt, it should be said that regardless of the type of anchor, the installation process will be almost identical.

First, a hole for the anchor is drilled in the right place. The hole diameter must be equal to the outer diameter of the anchor. When drilling, it must be taken into account that if the punching mode is used, then the hole will be slightly larger than the diameter of the drill.
An anchor is inserted into the hole.
The structure is installed and the bolt is tightened, which ensures that the anchor is held securely inside the hole.

In conclusion, it is worth adding a little about how to choose an anchor. The fact is that anchor bolts can differ in size, and hence the ability to withstand the load. Fastener elements are marked according to the x / x / x principle, where the first digit is the outer diameter, the second is the diameter of the inner bolt, and the third is total length element. In order to fully comprehend the work of installing the anchor, you can watch a video on the topic mentioned. But we can say that with minimal experience in handling the tool, the task will be quite simple to complete.

Video

This video demonstrates the installation of an anchor bolt and explains how it works:

How to hammer an anchor bolt. Basic rules for mounting an anchor bolt.

How to hammer in an anchor bolt? It must be said that in order to properly hammer in an anchor bolt, several rules must be followed. As a rule, there are two main types of anchor fastening. This is their fastening with building glue (a group of chemical anchors), as well as by wedging (a group of mechanical anchors). Buy a pre-made anchor or you can make your own. It should be said that there are a fairly large number of varieties of anchors of exclusively industrial production, which differ in their purpose, as well as in the method of fastening. So, they can be chemical, wedge, frame, driven (have an internal thread), as well as the rest. It must be said that it will not be difficult to choose a product that will satisfy all requirements. In the event that an anchor of an exclusive form is still required, you can make it yourself. In doing so, two points must be taken into account. The end of the anchor that will be embedded in the base must always have an extension at the end that will have a secure fit. You can weld the thickening, or you just need to flatten the end of the bolt itself so that in one of the directions it is much wider than its diameter. In addition, the length of the part to be embedded should always be no less than six to seven times the diameter of the anchor itself. Be sure to drill a hole in the base of the diameter you need. When installing purchased mechanical anchors, it must always exactly match all the values \u200b\u200bthat are indicated in the instructions themselves. In the case of installing a purchased chemical or homemade product(anchor) the diameter of the hole should be approximately one to two millimeters larger than the diameter of the anchor itself. Drilling must be carried out with a drill bit that will be installed in an electric drill. To date, on sale you can find drills with pobedite tips, up to sixteen millimeters in diameter. If your anchor has a sufficiently large diameter, then it is recommended to drill it in concrete with a diamond core bit. To work with it, you will need a more powerful electric drill. It is necessary to very carefully clean the drilled hole from debris, as well as dust with a brush or blowing with a rubber bulb.

So, if you use a purchased mechanical anchor, it must be installed in the hole with very light hammer blows and then wedged in the way that is applicable to this species anchors.

Anchoring: types and features of anchors, application, twisting technique

There can be wedging by turning the nut or using a specialized beard that will be inserted into the anchor. In the process of hitting the beard with a hammer, it wedges the bushing in the depth of the hole. Also make sure that the anchor itself is held very firmly in the hole. If necessary, wedging should be strengthened. In the case of installing a chemical anchor (both purchased and homemade), it is recommended to prepare in advance adhesive mixture, while mixing the two components of the adhesive in the required proportions. Fill the already cleaned hole with a similar mass by two thirds and then insert the anchor into the hole to its full depth with rotational movements. It is also recommended to fill the gap that is located between the anchor, as well as the base of the adhesive that was squeezed out of the hole during installation. Then, after the glue has set slightly, it is necessary to smooth the surface around the anchor and then remove all excess glue from the surface. Allow time for the adhesive to cure slightly in accordance with all adhesive instructions before loading the anchor. It should be said that the anchor performs enough important role, moreover, regardless of the element of which particular structure it is. In any case, it provides a connection with the base, and if such a connection is not strong enough, then, in this case, such a structure is threatened with destruction, no matter how strong it is. Therefore, for reliability, it is recommended to mount the anchor following a certain technology. The chemical anchor is strong enough and reliable. You can install it in almost any material: stone, brick, wood, cellular concrete and so on. Since it is attached with glue, it not only does not weaken the very base to which it is attached, but also in many cases makes it stronger.

To install the anchor, you need to drill a hole of the diameter you need to the desired depth. Clean it with a ruff brush, blow it with a pear or a pump. Then fill the hole about two-thirds with adhesive mass - epoxy or polymer resin. The container together with the glue (cartridge) can have a different look - a syringe, a tube, and so on. The methods of mixing the main components of the glue also differ. You must rotate the anchor into the hole, and to the full depth. Then clean up any drips of glue from its base. The time for the anchor to be ready to accept the load will depend on the brand of glue, which is indicated in the instructions. At the end of the specified time, you can attach any structure to the anchor. All mechanical anchors are often mounted without glue. The principle of their operation is based on the wedging of the anchor sleeve inside the hole, due to which its more reliable fixation is achieved, directly in the base. Drill and then clean the hole in the same way as described above. Through the part to be mounted, it will be necessary to insert a wedge anchor into the hole and hammer it with a hammer until the nut rests directly on the part to be fixed. Tighten the nut to the required torque. As a result of such tightening, the end of the anchor will wedge the sleeve, and will also be able to fix the hole very reliably. Wedging methods can also be different. If there is a special rod for this, which is inserted into the inside of the anchor, then after mounting the bolt into the hole, it is imperative to hammer such a rod with blows into the hammer. Thus, you can also wedge and fix the anchor in the hole. In order to install a wedge anchor that has an internal thread, you will need a specialized tool - a rod that will look like a center punch or a beard.

After you install the anchor in the hole, you need to place this tool inside, and then wedge the sleeve with hammer blows. After that, it is recommended to remove the punch beard, after which, wrap it in threaded hole anchor specialized fixing screw. The frame anchor is characterized by two wedging zones, in particular in the base, but also in the part to be fastened. You need to drive the frame anchor into the base through the part to be fixed. Tighten the screw to the required torque. At the same time, at the very beginning, wedged Bottom part, which is located at the base, and after the top, which is located in the detail. As a result, the latest will be very firmly attached to the base. Such purchased products are much more convenient to use, in particular when you have to install a significant number of anchors. However, if necessary, you can fix very firmly in any base, directly and homemade device- bolt or rod of any kind. You will first need to drill a hole with a diameter of one to two millimeters larger than the diameter of the anchor. Thoroughly clean the hole from crumbs and dust. It is recommended to fill the hole about half or a little more with epoxy or putty together with a hardener. It is recommended to install the anchor into the hole with a rotational movement, as well as light hammer blows. Remove any drips of resin. Some time later, after epoxy resin slightly (not completely) hardened, it will be possible to level it around the anchor, directly, flush with the base. You can use a similar anchor after one day. Anchors today are presented in unique and various modifications, which largely determines the method of their fastening and installation.

The method of twisting the anchor depends on the features of its device. However, the principle of operation for all products is almost the same: the sleeve is wedged inside the hole and secures the fastener. In order to achieve high-quality fastening with anchor bolts, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the base material. An erroneous choice of anchorage depth, excess traction load lead to cracking of the base.

Types of fastening anchors

The wedging of the sleeve in most fasteners of this type occurs due to friction forces. When tightening the nut, the spacer part rubs against the walls of the hole (wedge, sleeve design). There are fasteners in which wedging occurs due to an internal or external stop (expanding, driving design).

The internal stop option is suitable for thin materials. Drill in the designated area through hole and install a fastener in it. When tightened, its persistent part is wedged, resting against the base. The outer stop is formed by "cutting" the concrete base while tightening the bolt. When twisting, the fastening end forms elements of a helical shape. They fix the bolt and hold it if pull-out forces come into play. This type of fastener is used for thick-walled bases.

impact method

Separately, it should be said about impact anchors, which should not be twisted, but hammered into the base material. Wedging in such bolts is carried out with a wedge or with the help of a large spacer. The second option allows the use of such fasteners for any bases: solid, hollow, with a high and low degree of strength.

The design features of impact fasteners are the simplicity of the device. Its details are:

spacer sleeve with internal thread one side;
on the other side there is a split part with an internal cone;
there is a conical wedge in the cavity of the bushing, on which blows are made with a hammer; in this case, they use a special mandrel, which is inserted inside the bolt.

Expanding design

The expandable anchor can be screwed into concrete, brick, hollow brick, foam and gas blocks. This design provides reliable fixation due to the lamellae, which, when folded, form a cylinder. Inside it is a conical nut.

Fastening is carried out in the following order:

prepare a hole of the required diameter;
using a bolt and stud, tighten the nut;
at this moment, the lamellas expand, the sleeve bursts in the material.

wedge design

The wedge anchor contains a wedge inside the sleeve that expands when the nut is started to be tightened. The bolt is pre-hammered into the prepared hole, then the nut is tightened.

How to install an anchor bolt

So, the algorithm for mounting parts of this type is almost the same for all varieties that can be installed mechanically.

Procedure:

A hole of the required diameter is drilled.
A bolt is driven into or screwed into it.
The corresponding elements are tightened.

Chemical anchor: fixing with glue

Chemical anchors differ in a completely different way of installation. In order to install such a mount, you must do the following:

Drill a hole of the appropriate diameter.
In the kit, as a rule, a briquette with glue is supplied. It is inserted into the hole and pressed down directly with the anchor. After the glue hardens, the bolt is firmly fixed.

Anchor calculation

The depth to which the bolt must be hammered is the value of its useful length. It is at this depth that the hole is drilled before installing it. When the bolts are located near the edge of the base or close to each other, a mathematical calculation should be made so that during their installation they do not violate the integrity of the structure. For this, it is used whole line formulas that take into account the distribution of material stress along the edges. As well as load application factors and the resistance of the base material to rupture. Calculations can be made on construction site or in advance. For example: the pull-out load of a bolt in concrete is 350 kg. In foam concrete - 230 kg.

Anchor bolt with a nut is a high-quality fastener for reliable fixing of household and industrial elements. Since a large load acts on this type of fastener, its design allows it to withstand it.

All types of anchor bolts

To do this, the anchor bolt has such components as a spacer pin, sleeve and nut. By the name of the stud, the technology of using the anchor bolt is clear.

By tightening the nut, pressure is created on the stud, which enters the sleeve and bursts it. The stud is made by casting, which allows it to withstand loads incomparable with those that other types of fasteners can handle.

In order to choose an anchor bolt with a nut, you need to know what load we will place on it. And after that, buy the fasteners intended for this. All mounting bolts have the appropriate GOST, so choosing the right one is not difficult. You can buy fasteners in the online store samorez.net.

The anchor bolt can be used for fastening in solid solid materials: concrete, natural stone, solid brick, etc. Only the correct installation of the anchor bolt can ensure its reliable service. So, how to properly install the anchor bolt.

To begin with, we select a drill for the diameter of the sleeve and drill with it the material into which the anchor will be attached. The bushing must fit tightly into the hole and not hang out in it before installation.

After the hole is drilled, do not rush to insert the anchor bolt into it. First, you need to remove the debris left in the hole. Crumbs and dust can create a particular problem for anchor fasteners. This is best done with a household or construction vacuum cleaner.

Usually, the anchor bolt is inserted into the hole, the device is mounted on it, and then the nut is tightened. It's not quite the right decision. Since often, the load hung on the bolt interferes with the tightening of the nut and there is a possibility that the nut will not be tightened to the end. That is, the anchor will not be installed according to the rules, which can result in big problems. It is best to use another method. Insert the anchor into the hole, tighten the nut to the end and thereby unfasten the fastener. After, the nut can be unscrewed, put on the bolt what we want to mount and tighten it.

The anchor bolt is a reliable fastener for almost any material. For the convenience of working with it, you can use a power tool.

1 The principle of operation of anchors - how do they cope with loads?

Anchor bolts perform the role of fasteners and are held in the base in which they are installed, due to two forces that arise after applying a load to them.

The friction force appears when a load or its component is applied, directed along the axis of the anchor and tending to pull it out and pull it out of the base in which it is fixed.

In this case, the bolt compensates for the force exerted on it and is held in place of fixation due to the friction of its elements against the base material.

3 Fastening of modern general purpose anchors

Currently, general purpose anchors are also produced. They can be mounted on almost any ready-made base. Most often, these bolts are installed in a wall or ceiling.

All general purpose anchors are divided into 2 main types: mechanical and chemical. The first are fixed mechanically. The second - thanks to a special adhesive, which is fed into the mounting hole for the bolt. This chemical composition fills the space between the anchor and the base, as well as all voids adjacent to the fastener, if any. The adhesive then sets and secures the bolt securely with even load distribution even in porous and hollow materials.

Mechanical anchors, according to the method of fastening, are divided into types:

clogged;
wedge;
expanding;
spacer.

Before installing the anchors, you should choose the right type and size of them. This is done based on the condition and strength of the base at the installation site of the fastener, as well as the nature and magnitude of the load that the latter will have to withstand. If there is a material (plaster or similar) on the surface of the base that is unable to hold the anchor, then a bolt of greater length than was calculated should be taken. The size of the fastener must be increased by the thickness of the weak layer.

The installation of anchors in a wall, ceiling, and so on begins with accurate marking - this type of fastener cannot be removed after installation and fixation without destroying the base material. Then, as shown in the video, we drill a hole perpendicular to the surface of the base.

Its diameter must exactly match, and the depth must not be less than that specified by the manufacturer of the bolt.

The finished hole must be thoroughly cleaned of crumbs and dust of the base material with a brush, vacuum cleaner or air pressure.

How to install an anchor bolt in concrete

Then install the anchor.

Chemical - pre-filling the hole 2/3 with adhesive. We expose the bolt, as shown in the video, to the desired depth and center. We do not load the anchor for the time specified in the instructions to allow the glue to harden.

Punching the sleeve with a hammer

All other mechanical ones are inserted into the hole as prefabricated ones, without unscrewing or extracting their components. If the part is immediately attached, then we insert the anchor through it. With a light tapping of the hammer, we fasten the fasteners to the washer, bolt head, screw or wedge body. Then, at expansion and expansion anchors, a nut, bolt or screw is screwed. If the anchor bolt has a ring or a hook, then you can screw it in using them. In this case, the expanding or spacer mechanism will open and securely fix the fasteners in the hole. At the wedge anchor, we hammer in the side beard or the central wedge. They will activate the wedging mechanism.