How to grow one and a half year old garlic. How to grow garlic with large heads from seeds in the open field? Preplant preparation of garlic

Garlic is one of the most favorite vegetables of our gardeners and gardeners. It can be grown in almost all regions of Russia. In order to receive good harvest, the technology of planting, care and storage of bulbs should be observed. Let's take a closer look at how to grow garlic.

When to plant garlic

Garlic is one of the few cultivated plants, which can be planted both in spring and autumn. In the first case, it is called spring, in the second - winter. In cold regions, garlic is usually planted in the fall, and in warm regions, in the spring. In the latter case, the teeth are buried in the ground already slightly sprouted. Spring planting should be done as early as possible. Ideally, the ground should not even dry out after the snow melts. Only in this case it is possible to obtain sufficiently large heads.

Choosing a place and preparing beds for spring garlic

How to grow garlic on heads and greens in order to achieve a good harvest? Of course, the bed for this vegetable must be carefully prepared. Best of all, this crop grows on loose, well-fertilized soils with organic matter. To get large heads, garlic is planted in a sunny place. In the event that you need greenery, break the bed under fruit trees, somewhere in the shade.

The best predecessors for this vegetable are cauliflower, cucumbers, pumpkin, zucchini, beets, carrots, beans and peas. After onions, garlic can be planted only after 3-4 years. Every year the bed is broken in a different place. It is not recommended to plant garlic next to potatoes. The fact is that these plants are prone to similar diseases.

Scheme of planting spring garlic

How to grow good garlic? It is quite possible, you just need to follow all the rules. First of all, you should properly fit the heads. Garlic is grown both in mulched and in ordinary beds. In the first case, the teeth are planted to a depth of about 5 mm. If mulch is not provided, planting should be done at a depth of 7.5-10 mm. Of course, the cloves must be buried in the soil with the root part down. The distance between the holes should be 10-15 cm, between the rows - about 25-30 cm. In the event that the garden is small, you can plant garlic more often. However, the heads will grow smaller.

How to grow spring garlic

Mulch on beds with garlic is still worth using. This greatly increases the yield. Plant beds can be covered with straw, reeds, leaves, etc. Arrows should be removed immediately as they appear. Otherwise, you will not get big heads. Arrows take a lot of nutrients from the plant. Many summer residents use them as a seasoning in the preparation of baked meat dishes. They also go well as a roast for borscht. Water the garlic moderately, but the drying of the soil under it should not be allowed.

Preparing beds for winter garlic

We have found out how to grow a good crop of spring garlic. Now let's see how to get a large number of large heads of winter. Prepare the beds for it begin two weeks before planting. The fact is that the soil must first sag well. If you plant garlic after cabbage, eggplant or legumes, under which a lot of compost or manure was applied in the summer, there is no particular need to fertilize the soil with organic matter. However mineral supplement still worth doing. In this case, a mixture of the following composition is used: 40 g of superphosphate, 15-30 g of ammofoska, 10 g of potassium chloride. The indicated amount of ingredients is used to fertilize 1m 2 of soil. If garlic is planted where organic matter has not been applied, the soil should be fertilized with humus or compost in an amount of approximately 6 kg / m 2.

Compost, humus and mineral fertilizers should be applied as evenly as possible. Scatter them on the garden bed and dig it up. Then carefully loosen the soil with a rake.

Planting material preparation

Now let's see how to grow winter garlic. Teeth should be prepared before planting. The heads are kept in a cool room for two weeks (at a temperature of about 5 ° C). They should be divided into teeth a day before planting. Planting material should be carefully sorted. It is best to plant teeth of medium and big size. Cracked, double-topped and rotten should be discarded. In order to protect future plants from various kinds of diseases, the teeth must be disinfected. To do this, prepare a solution of copper sulfate (4 g per liter of water). survive in it planting material within half an hour. For disinfection, you can also use a lye solution. It is prepared from ash (1 tbsp boiled in a liter of water for half an hour).

When to plant winter garlic?

If you wondered "how to grow a good crop of garlic", you should definitely find out what rules for planting it exist. It is very important to meet deadlines here. Before frost, the garlic must take root, but not grow. Approximately, the landing begins somewhere in the twentieth of September (for middle lane Russia).

How to plant winter garlic

Under winter garlic it is worth preparing beds about 20 cm high and a meter wide. They must be oriented from north to south - this is a prerequisite! This will ensure maximum soil warming in autumn and spring. The distance between the holes is 15 cm. Garlic is planted in three rows. The distance between them is 25 cm. The row spacing should be 50 cm wide. The planting depth is two heights of a clove.

Winter Garlic Care

How to grow winter garlic? You need to start caring for him in the fall. Immediately after planting, the beds must be mulched with manure or humus with a layer of two centimeters. In the spring, immediately after the leaves begin to sprout, the garlic should be fed. You can use urea or ammonium nitrate (at the rate of 15 g / 1m 2).

The second time garlic is fed in mid-May. Nitrogen-potassium fertilizers are applied to the soil. For the third time, top dressing is carried out in the seventh leaf phase. In this case, a mixture of potassium chloride (10 g/m 2) and superphosphate (20 g/m 2) is used. After each top dressing, the garlic should be thoroughly watered. The frequency of watering in summer is once a week. No need to arrange swamps under the plants. Water in moderation, otherwise the bulbs will simply rot. Stop moistening the soil under the plants should be two weeks before harvest. This will increase the keeping quality of the bulbs.

As in the case of spring garlic, arrows should definitely be broken out of winter garlic. They can reduce the yield by almost three times.

Diseases of culture

When discussing how to grow garlic in the garden, it is impossible not to dwell on pests. Various kinds of insects do not particularly favor this vegetable. Infection is rare and mostly only by nematodes or onion thrips. The first are similar to microscopic "worms". They live inside the plant itself. They do not cause much damage, but in some cases they can destroy the entire crop. Thrips feed on garlic leaves, drinking juice from them. This leads to slower bulb growth. Of the diseases, garlic is most often affected by white rot. After infection, the leaves of the plant begin to turn yellow, as a result of which it dies. Garlic also suffers from fusarium and downy mildew.

You can get rid of nematodes by planting beds with undersized marigolds with strong smell. Plants are removed from thrips by treatment with a solution of karbofos (60 g per 10 l of water).

Growing garlic seeds

Many summer residents would like to know how to grow garlic seeds, the so-called bulbs. In the future, they are used to obtain single-tooth heads. In the spring, the largest cloves are selected and planted in a sunny place. Garlic is planted on bulbs a little less often than commercial garlic. Care for seed plants in the same way as for ordinary ones. After the arrows are completely straightened, the plants are dug out of the ground with roots and hung out to dry in bunches in a dark, dry place (you can in the attic). So they are kept for a month, until the stem dries completely. After that, it is cut off, leaving a stump of 2-3 cm near the bulb itself. The seeds should be stored in a dark, dry place.

Growing garlic from bulbs

Next, let's figure out how to grow garlic from seeds. Sometimes this method is also practiced in dachas. Bulbs are planted in the spring, after the soil has warmed up. Before planting, they must be kept in the refrigerator (at a temperature of 5 ° C) for about a month. Otherwise, you will not receive bulbs. Only greens will grow from unprepared seeds.

The bed is broken in a sunny place. Introduce into the soil organic fertilizers and carefully loosen it. Do not bury the seeds too much, otherwise they will germinate for a long time. After planting, the bed must be watered with water. We hope you now understand how to grow garlic from bulbs. By planting seeds in compliance required technology, in the spring you will harvest a good crop of single-toothed garlic. It can be eaten or used as planting material.

This method is good because the bulbs do not tolerate infection. This means that in summer the plants will not get sick. In particular, such garlic is never infected with a nematode. Among other things, this technology allows you to significantly save seed.

Harvesting

How to grow winter garlic, as well as spring garlic from cloves and seeds, we found out. Now let's figure out how to properly harvest the resulting crop. Dig up the bulbs after ¾ of the part has withered lower leaves. Winter garlic usually ripens at the end of July. Spring - at the end of August. Dig it up after most of the lower leaves turn yellow. First, for the sample, you need to pull out two or three heads of garlic from the ground. Bulbs should be well formed and dense. Digging up the harvest with a pitchfork. Pry up a clod of earth with garlic and pull it out with your hand along with the heads. The dug up plants should be laid out around the perimeter of the beds for several hours to dry.

Leaves do not need to be cut immediately. They keep spare nutrients, which continue to flow into the bulb. The existing arrows should be removed. The leaves are cut off after drying. Garlic intended for human consumption is cut off the roots.

Experienced gardeners believe that it is better to underexpose garlic in the ground than overexpose it. The fact is that unripe bulbs may well reach after digging. Overripe ones break up into teeth and are stored much worse.

Storage

The garlic, which will later be used as planting material, is best stored separately from the food. For the winter, the heads should be placed in a cool (temperature +16 ... +20 ° C for food and +18 ... +20 ° C for seed), well-ventilated room. The air humidity in it should not exceed 90%. Too dry air for garlic is also not useful (at least 60%), as it can dry out and begin to disintegrate into teeth. It is best to put the bulbs in slatted boxes.

Now you know not only how to grow garlic in the garden, but also how to properly store it. Next, we give a few useful tips which might be useful to someone.

1. In order to prevent garlic from drying out during storage, you can put it not in boxes, but in bags made of dense fabric, sprinkling the heads with onion peel. Also, sometimes the heads are lubricated with boiled vegetable oil(0.5 l), to which iodine (10 g) is added. Apply this composition to the bulbs with a cotton swab.

2. Winter garlic is stored worse than spring garlic. In the event that you want to use it for seeds in the spring, after the onset of cold weather, simply bury the bulbs in the ground, to a depth of about half a meter, putting them in a plastic bag. Planting material saved in this way can be planted very early.

So, we have figured out in detail how to grow garlic from bulbs or cloves on our own. Take care of the beds, observe the planting and harvesting dates, properly prepare and store the seeds - and this wonderful vegetable will always delight you with good harvests.

A close relative of onions is garlic. Of course, he has features of planting, care, storage and preparation for planting, like any vegetable crop. But growing garlic is not difficult. We'll figure out. There are arrows and non-shooters, winter and spring varieties of garlic - it depends on biological features plants. Non-shooting garlic reproduces only with cloves, arrowing - plus air bulbs (bulbs) to them.

Shooting varieties are winter varieties. They give a good harvest when planted before winter. Among non-shooting varieties there are winter and spring varieties. Planting spring garlic in the fall leads to poor rooting of cloves, thinning of crops, and crop shortages. However, there are varieties that grow well in autumn and spring planting.

The main thing when growing winter garlic is to create conditions for a good wintering. This is provided the right choice planting sites, sowing dates, seeding depth. Culture should be placed on fertile lands with a flat surface, free from weeds, not flooded by autumn or melt waters.

The best predecessors are crops that empty the field early, under which organic fertilizers are applied: cucumbers, zucchini, early cabbage, lettuce, legumes. Garlic is a good predecessor for all crops except onions, because they are affected by the same pests and diseases.

Preparing the garden for planting garlic

The soil in the garden is cultivated in advance so that it settles somewhat. Directly under plowing or digging, humus (40-60 t/ha), mineral fertilizers can be applied. Norm mineral fertilizers per 1 weave: 30-40 g of ammonium nitrate, 50 g of superphosphate, 15-20 g of potassium chloride. Saltpeter is not applied in autumn, only in spring.

Preparation of planting material - garlic cloves, bulbs

For planting winter or spring garlic, three types of planting material are used:

• teeth,
• air bulbs (bulbs);
• sevok (single teeth grown from air bulbs).

Only garlic heads with healthy teeth are selected. All diseased, shriveled or sprouted bulbs are discarded. Large or medium-sized teeth are the most suitable material for planting.

Teeth prepared for planting are pickled, disinfected with a 1% solution blue vitriol or 3% suspension of TMTD for 10-15 minutes. If disinfection is not carried out, then it is useful to soak them for 12-24 hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Such preparation contributes to the improvement of planting material, protects it from diseases.

Planting garlic in the fall before winter - timing

In order for the garlic to take root, but not to germinate, it must be planted before winter two to three weeks before the onset of a steady cold snap. Optimal time planting winter varieties of garlic before winter is the third decade of October in the Kuban. With an earlier planting, for example, in September, sprouted teeth leave before winter with 2-3 true leaves. So that the leaves do not suffer from frost or cold winds, hilling of plants is carried out, and in early spring transverse harrowing to free the neck of the plants.

With a later planting, the teeth do not have time to take root - there is a large sparseness of crops from the influence of cold winds and frosts.

Check the timing of planting garlic with.

Air bulbs are sown in autumn or early spring. The so-called sevok grows out of them - these are not cloves, but roundish small onions. If you plant air bulbs in the fall, then most of them will give arrows in the summer, and during spring planting there is no arrowing, but round single-toothed bulbs (apples) are formed. They are planted in the fall, as they do not store well until spring.

Spring varieties are planted in early spring, as soon as it is possible to enter the field, as they are very demanding on soil moisture, low temperature at the beginning of growth. With a delay in planting, the growth and development of plants is delayed, the yield is reduced, and the commercial quality of products is deteriorating.

Norm and scheme of planting garlic

Garlic is usually planted in rows, the distance between which is 20-30 cm. The teeth are placed at a distance of 6-8 cm, but this distance depends on their size: for large ones, the distance is greater, small ones are planted closer to each other. One or two days before planting, the heads should be disassembled into teeth. If this is done, for example, a week before sowing or even earlier, then they will lose some percentage of germination.

How many teeth will be needed in order to plant, for example, 1 sq. meter garden, hard to say. The planting rate depends on the size of the cloves that you plant. Usually, agronomists call the figure 130-380 cloves per 1 m 2. They get the first number based on their average weight of one clove of 3 g, and the second - if it weighs 7 g.

Larger heads grow from larger teeth. Planting cloves weighing less than 3 g is not worth it, as small heads will grow out of them.

How deep to plant? It depends, firstly, on the size of the teeth, and secondly, on the timing of planting.

In autumn, before winter, winter varieties are planted. Large teeth are planted no deeper than 5-7 cm. Smaller teeth - no deeper than 4-5 cm. layer (5-7 cm) of mulch - straw or dry grass.

Spring varieties are planted in spring. The depth of planting spring garlic is 4-5 cm. Also, make sure that the layer of earth above the teeth is at least 3-4 cm. This will ensure optimal conditions for good rooting, for the formation of heads of the correct shape.

Caring for planting garlic, top dressing

One of the secrets of growing garlic is top dressing.

In early spring, after the snow melts, as soon as the first warm days come, it would be nice to feed the crops nitrogen fertilizers, for example, urea (1 tablespoon / 10 liters of water). Approximately 5 liters of solution should be used per 1 m 2.

In April, when the seedlings grow up, top dressing is carried out twice, for example, this is the middle and end of April. The first feeding should contain more nitrogen. Its composition may be as follows: half a liter chicken manure+ 1 tbsp. a spoonful of nitroammophoska in a bucket (10 l) of water. In the second feeding should be more phosphorus and potassium. The composition is: 1 tbsp. spoon of double superphosphate + 1 tbsp. spoon of potassium sulfate + 1 teaspoon of urea per bucket (10 l) of water. For 1 m 2 we also consume about 5 liters of solution.

Be sure to loosen the soil between the rows after top dressing the next day, after a week and a half, loosen again, if the soil is dry, water it. Garlic loves loose soil without - oxygen must be supplied to the roots and bulbs of the plant, so loosen the soil between rows after each watering or after rain. By the way, if there is no rain, then watering should be carried out at least weekly. Water abundantly - 12-15 liters per 1 m 2.

Mulching row spacing can facilitate the work of a gardener. Mulch will retain moisture, and the soil under the mulch will always remain loose.

In order for you to grow large heads, the arrows must be broken out in time. Try to break or cut them, and do not pull them up - this way you can inadvertently pull out the whole bulb or damage its root system. Break the arrows when they have reached a length of 12-15 cm, the breaking point should be as close as possible to the rosette of leaves. If you break it of a shorter length, then it will continue to grow - you will not get a large head.

Breaking out arrows is a special agricultural technique that allows not only to increase the size of the head, but also accelerates their maturation.

By the way, do not throw away the broken arrows - they can be used when canning blanks, as a seasoning for food.

For example, add finely chopped garlic cloves to boiled potatoes, after you have drained the water, slightly dried it. Add butter or sour cream, stir and serve. Once upon a time, I read this recipe - it was called "Phytoncide Potato". Since then, it has been one of our family's favorite dishes.

Finely chopped arrows can be added to boiled hot pasta or noodles - this is also tasty, healthy, especially in spring, when there are so few vitamins.

Harvesting garlic when it should be done

Usually at the end of July, the leaves of the garlic begin to turn yellow. This indicates that it is time to clean up. Gardeners have an unwritten rule: it is better to clean sooner than later. Even a delay of 5 days matters. With earlier harvesting, it is left outdoors under a canopy for ripening. Do not cut off the leaves just yet. At the same time, nutrients from the leaves enter the bulbs, which increase their mass. In this case, the heads are dense, covered with dry integumentary scales on top, of a good attractive appearance. And if you are literally 3-5 days late with cleaning, then the scales covering the heads burst, the teeth crumble, the head itself becomes loose. Such garlic will not be stored for a long time.

But I want to talk about the timing of cleaning separately. There are many varieties that different dates maturation - it means that they should not be removed all at once, but in turn. No matter how much I talked with my gardeners I know, almost no one knows what variety they grow. By the way, me too. But the differences of the variety can be seen by the color of the outer shell of the head, by the number of cloves in the bulb. I try to sort the heads before planting in order to at least approximately plant the varieties separately.

How do you know when it's time to remove the garlic from the beds?

Very simple. I always leave a few arrows, I don't cut them off when they start to grow. At first, during growth, the arrows are fancifully bent, curly. But as soon as I noticed that the arrow straightened up, stands vertically up - this is the first sign that it's time to dig out the garlic.

There is another sign - the flower heads, which have already formed bulbs, have burst - for now, clean them up.

Thus, knowing these signs of ripening, no matter where you live, you will never be late to harvest garlic on time. Although the timing of cleaning will be different for everyone.

Ripening and storage of air bulbs (bulbs)

So that next year you have your own garlic for planting, leave some part of the plants with arrows in the garden, do not break them out. These plants with left arrows should be left in the garden for another one to two weeks after harvesting the main crop. Then the arrows with air bulbs are cut off. You can tie them in small bunches, hang them under a canopy (not on open sun) for drying. This is how garlic arrows with air bulbs are stored for 20-30 days. During this time, there is an outflow of nutrients from the arrows into the bulbs, they are covered with dense scales, become light straw or purple in color (the color depends on the variety). Bulbs are very large, the shell bursts. If you are going to plant them in the fall, before winter, then clean them, sort them by size. And if the bulbs are intended for spring-summer planting, then it is best to continue to store them in bunches until spring, since when cleaning, sorting in the fall, the bulbs are injured, they can dry out, lose their germination. They should be stored in a dark cool place.

Ripe, mature, well-dried heads with intact scales are selected for storage. The best temperature for storage at home is + 18 ° C. It is better to store garlic in mesh bags, pigtails or cardboard boxes.

How can you get single clove garlic?

Air bulbs can be planted in autumn or spring to obtain a single tooth. It should be remembered that when autumn sowing part of the bulbs freezes, rots. Therefore, sparse seedlings are obtained. With early spring sowing, seedlings appear on the 10-20th day, as a rule, friendly. Sowing scheme: distance between rows 20 cm, continuous planting of onions in a row. Care consists in watering followed by shallow loosening, fertilizing with complex fertilizers. Single-toothed bulbs are harvested as soon as the leaves begin to fall. After ripening (10-12 days), drying, cut off the roots, dried leaves. The single tooth is stored at a temperature of 16-18°C, relative humidity 70-75%.

One last thing… Avoid planting garlic from grocery stores or supermarkets as you risk introducing serious viral diseases into your yard by growing garlic.

Kira Stoletova

All gardeners and summer residents grow garlic in their beds, because it is known for its healing properties, and is also used in the preparation of many dishes. Get a harvest of this herbaceous plant won't be any hassle. Anyone who is engaged in gardening, without any fertilizer, will be able to collect garlic in small heads. But not every gardener knows how to grow large garlic.

All that is required to obtain large garlic is compliance with the growing technology and the right approach to choosing planting material. These simple rules will help you get the largest and highest quality harvest compared to other summer residents.

How to choose garlic

The future yield and quality of the crop half depends on the correctly chosen material for planting. Main indicators highest quality product is its hardness and dryness. Here are some secrets that will help you when choosing planting bulbs:

1. by the most the best option there will be garlic bulbs with large heads. They must be undamaged and unspoilt. Ideally, the teeth should be the same size.
2. It is not recommended to plant heads with 3-4 teeth, as this is a sign of degeneration of the variety. It is better to use heads with 5 or more teeth.
3. If you plan to plant garlic before winter, then you should choose purple-striped varieties, as they are more resistant to winter temperatures and less whimsical to growing conditions.
4. It is better to buy local, zoned seed, because it is already adapted to local climatic conditions.
5. You should not buy bulbs with a burnt bottom. It is also important that there are no cracks on the bottom, as this is a sign of infection.
6. Small garlic will not produce a large crop. But from small teeth you can grow young greens.

It is necessary to approach the issue of choosing planting material with all responsibility. With the help of these tricks, you will be able to choose the right garlic bulbs that will bring you a good harvest. The main thing to remember is the rule: we plant large cloves - we get a large head of garlic.

Varieties of garlic

There are 2 types of garlic, which differ in terms of planting and the size of the heads: spring and winter. Spring species (otherwise called summer) is planted in spring, and winter (another name for winter) is planted in autumn. Spring garlic grows in a non-shooting form, and winter garlic can also grow in the form of an arrow.

Experienced gardeners plant both species, because winter varieties are formed earlier. And after harvesting them, you can expect the appearance of an ardent variety. It is important not to confuse the timing of planting, because then the plant will not grow. Spring garlic will yield a crop only when planting in the garden in spring, winter garlic can bring large and healthy heads, but only when planted in autumn. If you plant his teeth in the spring, then he will also be able to form, but the crop will be of poor quality and unable to be stored for a long time.

Differences

Outwardly, these cultures are similar, but their structure is slightly different. Winter garlic has a stem in the center of the head, on which teeth usually grow in an even number. When they are separated, the stem remains bare. And the spring one does not have a rod, the number of cloves can vary. In shape, they are more curved, because they fit snugly against each other. With outside the largest teeth are located, and the small ones are in the middle.

The yield of the winter species is much higher. In addition, winter garlic is larger than spring garlic. But the downside is that it is poorly stored. By the middle of winter, his teeth begin to dry out and need to be special care to be suitable for future sowing. Experts recommend planting arrow varieties.

The advantage of spring varieties is that they can be stored for almost 2 years without changing their shape and qualities. Therefore, when you decide which garlic to plant, you need to consider for what purpose you are doing it: for the purpose of selling or for personal needs. For sale, it is better to grow a winter variety due to its high yield. For personal purposes, it is recommended to use spring, because it will last all winter and is very large in size.

Rules for planting spring garlic

To grow summer garlic healthy and large, it is necessary to adhere to the timing of planting and growing technology.

Landing dates

The growing season of this variety is much shorter, so it should be planted very early. by the most the right time for landing in the ground is the first half of April. The garlic bulb will have time to form properly.

It is very important that the air temperature is not higher than 10 ° C, because at high temperatures the roots stop growing. Optimal temperature regime for the root system is from 5 to 10˚С. Healthy roots are the key to large heads. If you plant cloves later, then the yield will be much less.

Growing technology

You should know a few simple rules to grow garlic large:

1. It is necessary to water the plant abundantly until mid-July, during the period of green growth. If the tips of the stem turn yellow, then the plant does not have enough water. But if you water it very often and a lot, then the bulb will not form well and will be poorly stored, moreover, there will be much less nutrients.
2. The soil should be loosened after each watering to ensure that oxygen enters the soil.
3. In the first half of August, you need to tie all the leaves of the plant together so that they absorb less of the minerals necessary for the growth of the garlic bulb.
4. In order for garlic to be large and stored for a long time, it is recommended to systematically feed the plant. This process must be combined with watering.

Crop rotation is of great importance. Do not plant spring varieties after crops such as potatoes, tomatoes and onions. A place for sowing should be chosen sunny and one where water does not stagnate. Since autumn, fertilize the soil with compost, humus and a small amount of ash. Before planting, the soil should be loosened.

In order for the plant to develop well and receive the necessary nutrients, attention must be paid to planting density. The distance between the beds should be about 30 cm. Each clove should be placed in the ground at a distance of 7 cm from each other. Do not deepen the slices too deep into the ground, this will slow down their development. After planting, you can cover the ground with straw or peat.

Rules for planting winter garlic

In order for winter varieties of garlic to grow with large and high-quality heads, you need to know the characteristics of this species and the basic rules for growing and caring for the crop.

Landing dates

It is necessary to plant cloves in the ground before the onset of frost, namely 40 days before the first significant drop in temperature. It could be early or mid-October. Make sure that the air temperature at night is around 10˚C. At this temperature root system will have time to form without letting green shoots out.

Garlic is an indispensable product in the kitchen. Therefore, many gardeners are eager to grow this crop on their plots. But in order to achieve an excellent harvest, you need to know how garlic is grown.

Before you start growing garlic, you should know what types exist. Today, this culture is represented by the following types:

• winter. This variety has excellent resistance to cold and forms an arrow. Planting material is planted in autumn. As a result, the plant hibernates in the ground, and in the next season a large and full-fledged head sprouts. It contains a few aligned teeth. Also in the head there is a central trunk, which is not typical for the spring species. The crop is more suitable for fresh consumption;
• spring. This variety does not form an arrow. Planting material is planted in the spring. Such garlic can be stored for a long period of time. The harvest of this variety is not so plentiful.

The technique for growing garlic is selected based on the variety chosen. Gardeners, when growing this crop, often prefer arrowhead varieties. They are at proper care give an excellent harvest.

A distinctive feature of this culture is that garlic adapts very poorly to climate change in the process of growing. Therefore, in order to increase the chances of success in obtaining an excellent harvest, it is important to select the highest quality planting material. The choice of variety in this case is the most important point. When deciding on a variety of this culture, it is necessary to pay attention to the following parameters:

• productivity;
• precocity;
• winter hardiness;
• keeping quality.

Gardeners note that the following varieties of winter garlic give an excellent harvest: Zaoksky, Nadezhny, Antonnik, etc. Among the spring varieties, Moskovsky, Ershovsky, Kalininsky white, etc. have proven themselves to be excellent.

To understand how to properly grow garlic, you need to understand not only the planting material, but also find out how to propagate it.

Reproduction methods

Reproduction of garlic is one of the stages of its cultivation. Garlic in the country can multiply in the following ways:

• vegetatively;
• seeds that form in the ejected arrow.

Spring garlic in the garden can be propagated with bulb cloves. For the propagation of winter varieties, seeds formed by air bulbs, as well as cloves, can be used. When using seeds, you should wait two years to get full-fledged bulbs.

Growing garlic in the first year allows you to get a small onion set, which consists of one clove. It is characterized by the same useful qualities, as for a regular bulb. Already next year, it is possible to obtain a normal bulb, in which there are many cloves.

Growing methods do not differ much from what type of reproduction was chosen. Most often, the reproduction of this culture is carried out with the help of cloves. In this case, a full-fledged crop can be harvested in the year of planting. Before growing garlic, the healthiest and best seed should be selected.

When selecting planting material, the following steps should be taken:

• size calibration. You need to plant large cloves. Sick, small and deformed (having two peaks or doubled) specimens are not suitable for planting;
• density selection. The teeth should be fairly dense. At the same time, their outer shell should not contain cracks and holes;
• disinfection. All selected cloves must be disinfected in ash lye. This solution is prepared from 400 g of ash, which are diluted in two liters of water. For preparation, the solution is boiled for 30 minutes, then cooled and drained. The teeth in the resulting solution are kept for two hours.

Spring varieties should be germinated before planting. This will allow you to get more fast growth. Germination is carried out as follows:

• cloves that have been moistened with water are laid out on a cloth napkin;
• planting material together with a napkin is placed in a plastic bag. In this form, they are stored for 2-3 days;
• germination is carried out at room temperature.

Before propagation, garlic bulbs are well dried. Here, too, only the largest bulbs should be selected. You can also plant the rest of the planting material, but in this case it will be problematic to get good garlic.

What does garlic love?

In order for the cultivation and care of garlic to be easy, you need to choose the right place for planting planting material. Since this culture allows planting seed both in spring (spring) and autumn (winter), then the choice of varieties should be based on the climatic conditions of the place of growth. For example, winter varieties are grown in cold regions, and spring varieties are grown in warm regions. In the latter case, planting involves the use of germinated cloves.

In order for garlic to grow healthy and strong, and also give an excellent harvest, it cannot be planted for more than two years in one place. In general, it is better to choose a new place for the growth of this culture every year.

On the place where garlic grows, onions or potatoes should not have been planted last year. After growing these crops, in order to be able to plant garlic, at least four years must pass. It is during this period that the soil is completely renewed. The best result in terms of yield can be obtained when planting cloves after cabbage, cucumbers, beets, pumpkin and legumes. In this case, the soil after these crops will be optimally fertilized with organic matter. This means that planting care will be much easier. At the same time, the risk of disease is significantly reduced.

The bed for garlic should be well lit. Otherwise, the crop will consist of small bulbs. The best solution there will be cultivation of garlic on unshaded separate beds. It is allowed to place beds next to berry bushes (raspberries, gooseberries, black currants and strawberries) and vegetables (potatoes, carrots, cucumbers). We also grow garlic next to flowers: tulips, gladioli and roses. In this case, the plant will be reliably protected from black spot.

The choice of soil for planting

Many answer the question “how to grow garlic” that the main thing is to choose the right soil. In a situation where the soil is poor in nutrients, complex fertilizers are applied to it. Also in this case, potassium chloride can be used together with superphosphates (in a ratio of 1: 4).

Adding manure to the beds will achieve a significant increase in yield. 5 kg of manure is applied per 1 sq.m. If the soil is poor, you can increase the amount of manure applied.

Experienced gardeners do not advise getting carried away with top dressing, as garlic does not really like nutritious soil. Ideal for him would be loamy or sandy, light earth. Moreover, the acidity indicator should be at a neutral level. Also needed good drainage soil.

Therefore, the answer to the question “how to grow a good crop of garlic” will always contain recommendations for choosing the right soil.

Care after landing

To get large garlic, growing and caring for the crop should include all the agrotechnical measures necessary in this case. Particular attention should be paid to care, since the final result of the work directly depends on it.

Caring for garlic involves the following manipulations:

• watering;
• mulching;
• loosening;
• weeding;
• top dressing.

Irrigation for this crop requires little. Normally for 1 sq. m need to pour 10 liters of water. Watering is carried out at intervals of a week. In the process of growth and development of plantings, it should be reduced to 8-6 liters. This must be done so that the bulbs do not start to rot. If the summer turned out to be rainy, watering the beds can be stopped altogether. Approximately two weeks before harvesting, the introduction of water is completely stopped.

Many novice gardeners are wondering "how to care for garlic so that it does not rot"? To prevent rotting of the bulbs, the following watering rules exist:

• soil moisture should be carried out regularly;
• watering is especially important during the early growing season, when the garlic is just starting to grow. In the future, so that the plants grow with desired speed, it is necessary to gradually reduce the amount of water introduced;
• after each watering, loosening of the soil is carried out. Loosening depth - 2-3 cm. When using mulch, loosening can be omitted.

For winter varieties, watering should be more abundant. At the same time, in winter, the beds need to be covered with snow. In order to get a richer harvest, gardeners are advised to pluck arrows. Moreover, the arrows must be removed when they reach 5-8 cm.

Garlic growing in the garden must be fed without fail. The first time feeding is carried out when the plant has formed several leaves. In this case, urea (large spoon) should be diluted in a bucket of water. To fertilize 1 sq. m plantings you need to use 5 liters of the prepared solution. Also, at the first feeding, you can use a solution of bird droppings (ratio 1:12) and manure (ratio 1:10).

The second feeding is carried out 14 days after the first. A solution is prepared for her, which consists of urea (a teaspoon), double superphosphate (one large spoon), as well as potassium sulfate (one large spoon). It is allowed to use an ash solution (10 l of water and 200 g of ash).

The last third top dressing is made at the end of June. At this time, garlic, bulbs and arrows are formed. To feed the plants, you need to dissolve potassium sulfate (one large spoon) and double superphosphate (two large spoons) in a bucket of water.

The application of fertilizers should be combined with watering. Between dressings, plantings are sprinkled with wood ash. For 1 sq. m should go one glass of fertilizer.

When mulching, gardeners are advised to use straw. The beds are covered with it when the seedlings grow by 10-15 cm. The straw prevents the evaporation of moisture, so the amount of watering can be reduced.

Periodically, beds with garlic need to be weeded. This is done as weeds develop.

Note to summer resident

In order to suburban area or garden to grow an excellent harvest of garlic, you need to know some of the subtleties of growing and caring for this crop. Usually mistakes are made by novice gardeners who have not yet figured out all the nuances of interacting with garlic. To achieve desired result, the cultivation of garlic contains the following rules:

• beds should not be covered with shade from neighboring plantings;
• excellent neighbors for this crop will be tomatoes and peppers;
• when planting planting material, it is imperative to adhere to the rules of crop rotation;
• do not plant garlic on acidic soils. To change the acidity of the earth, wood ash or chalk;
• You need to use only high-quality planting material. It is especially important to select it for the climatic conditions that exist in the growing region;
• loosening the soil will allow the underground part of the plants to receive oxygen. Without it, the garlic will start to turn yellow early. Loosening is carried out as soon as the first shoots appear. The procedure is carried out to a depth of 1-2 cm. After that, the bed is mulched and fertilizers are applied to it;
• without mulching, the crop will be small. Sawdust or peat can act as mulch;
• watering is carried out with dry soil. Otherwise, the crop will be bitter;
• strong overcrowding should be avoided. Between plants, a gap of 10 cm should be maintained, and between rows - 20 cm;
• it is recommended to detach the cloves from the head immediately before planting;
• garlic is placed in a previously dug hole. You can't push them into the ground.

Now you know how to grow your land plot garlic for a great harvest. Subject to simple agricultural practices, every gardener will be able to achieve a high-quality harvest of this crop.

Video “How to grow a rich harvest of garlic”

In this video, you will learn how to grow a rich harvest of garlic.

Not a single garden can do without a bed of garlic today. Everyone knows about healing properties this culture and grow it everywhere for themselves, as well as for sale. At the same time, every vegetable grower is puzzled by the question: “How to grow large garlic without resorting to growth stimulants and other chemical fertilizers?”. It should be said that this culture is already considered high-yielding. However, if it is grown correctly, in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, the yield can be incredibly high, and the heads are large.

Which garlic to choose

It is known that garlic is spring (summer) and winter. The difference between them is not only in planting time, but also in the size of the bulbs. Winter varieties are distinguished by larger heads, while it is almost impossible to grow large garlic from spring varieties.

It is sometimes difficult for beginner gardeners to distinguish winter varieties from spring ones. And this is very important point, since winter varieties are planted in the garden in the fall, and spring varieties in the spring. If the teeth are mixed up, you can not hope for a harvest at all. The main difference winter garlic is the rod to which the teeth are attached, and most often its heads have even number cloves. Spring garlic does not have a stem, and the number of teeth can be different, besides, they are much smaller in size than winter ones.

Of course with winter varieties you can get more high yield, but keep in mind that such garlic is not stored for long - up to a maximum of February. Summer varieties are not so large, but their shelf life can be up to two years. For sale, it is more profitable to grow winter garlic, as it has a good presentation. But in order to use the product until the next harvest, it is better to opt for summer varieties, among which there are also large heads.

For example, the variety Gulliver is quite unusual representative spring garlic - its heads with proper cultivation reach 90-115 g, moreover, it is prone to the formation of arrows, which is not typical for summer varieties. As for winter garlic, almost all of its varieties are distinguished by large heads: Sofievsky (90–110 g), Komsomolets (80–110 g), Losevsky (up to 75 g), Yubileiny (up to 80 g), Podmoskovny (from 60 g) other.

Video "Giant Garlic"

See what specimens you can grow in your summer cottage.

Preparing the beds and garlic

A bed for planting winter garlic should be prepared in a month, in extreme cases, in 2-3 weeks. For spring varieties, it is better to prepare the site in the fall. This is due to the fact that the culture does not really like fresh organic fertilizers, and besides, it is not easy to dig and feed the frozen soil in early spring.

First of all, you need to decide on a place for growing. It should be open, sunny, located on a flat surface. If the garden is in a lowland, it is better to make an elevation for the beds ( high bed) - this will help to avoid stagnation of moisture. It is bad if the garden is located on a slope. In this case, there is a possibility of washing off the soil, which is also not in the best way will affect productivity.

Garlic prefers loose sandy soil with neutral acidity. If your garden is not very fertile, suitable conditions must be created artificially. Acidic soil should be limed (1 glass of lime / 1 m²). To improve the drainage properties, you need to add sand, peat, sawdust. As top dressing, humus is introduced (1 bucket / 1 m²), plus litter 1 l / 1 m² and ash. Instead of litter, you can use superphosphate (30 g / 1 m²) with potassium salt (20 g / 1 m²).

The soil, together with fertilizers, should be dug to a depth of 20–25 cm. Then the bed should be leveled and disinfected - pour with a solution of manganese or salt (1 cup / 1 bucket of water). Next, cover the bed with a film and leave until planting.

Seeds (teeth) also need to be prepared before planting in the garden. It is very important to choose the healthiest and largest specimens. The preparation of winter varieties consists in disinfecting the teeth with a 1% solution of copper sulphate. The teeth are placed in the liquid for literally 1 minute - this time is enough to kill fungi and bacteria.

Summer garlic is often subjected to stratification (cooling). The teeth are kept for 2-3 weeks in the refrigerator, after which they are placed in a damp cloth and germinated. However, it often happens that by the spring the teeth themselves germinate. In this case, they can be immediately planted in the ground.

Planting garlic in spring and autumn

Planting time depends on the type of crop. Winter garlic is planted in autumn, from late September to mid-October - about 1.5 months before the onset of constant cold weather. During this time, the teeth will take root and take root, but the sprouts will not have time to germinate to the surface.

Spring garlic is planted in early spring, immediately after the snow melts - in early or mid-April, depending on the climate. Summer varieties tolerate cold well and are able to germinate at a soil temperature of 6 ° C, and in cold soil they grow more actively, and as the soil warms up, their growth slows down.

The earlier you plant a spring variety, the more likely it is to grow large heads.

Secrets of growing large garlic

There are several simple farming techniques that allow you to grow large garlic.

Timely landing

For planting winter varieties, you need to guess the time so that the teeth have time to take root before the onset of frost, but do not have time to grow. On average, this time period falls on the end of September - the beginning of October, but for each region it may be different. When sowing a spring variety, it must be borne in mind that the bulb must have time to form before the onset of heat - only in this case can one count on large heads.

Crop rotation

illumination

The beds should be located in a place well lit by the sun. Otherwise, small bulbs will grow.

Soil quality

Neutral acidity and good drainage properties of the soil are very important for the culture. In severe and acidic soil garlic bulbs will certainly grow small, or even disappear altogether.

Planting material quality

For planting, you should choose varieties intended for your region. When buying imported varieties of white garlic, remember that for transportation they are treated with special solutions that inhibit the growth of roots, so it is almost impossible to grow good large bulbs from such material.

Removing arrows

Some varieties of winter garlic produce arrows with seeds. If they are not removed in time, the plant will direct all the juices to the ripening of the seed bulbs, which will affect the size of the heads. It is noticed that the plants on which the arrows remained form heads half as much.

Deep tooth setting

Experienced gardeners advise planting slices to a depth of 5–7 cm in order to prevent them from freezing in winter and premature warming up in spring. It is known that garlic increases its mass faster at cold temperatures, while in the heat the growth of the bulb stops.

Too tight fit

The optimal distance for planting a crop is 20 cm between rows, and 8–10 cm between teeth. If the distance is less, the bulbs will grow small.

Timely loosening

In the spring, when the snow melted and the sun warmed up sharply, a crust forms on the surface of the soil, preventing oxygen from reaching the roots. If the surface is not loosened in time, then the bulbs may lag behind in development.

Correct watering

During its active growth, the plant needs to be maintained high humidity soil. While during the period of maturation of the heads, on the contrary, high humidity harms him.

Mulching the beds

Mulch keeps the soil moist and eliminates the need for frequent watering in hot weather. If the summer turned out to be hot, it will not be possible to grow large heads without mulch.

Moderate top dressing

During the growing season, the plant should be fed three times. Whatever fertilizer you choose - mineral or organic, it is important not to exceed the amount. If plants are given a lot of organic matter, then the leaves will begin to turn yellow, and the heads will stop growing. If you feed too much mineral mixtures, the taste and quality of the bulbs will deteriorate.

And the last thing you should pay attention to. Garlic is considered a perennial, or rather a three-year plant, but most gardeners grow it as an annual. This leads to the fact that over time it becomes smaller - it simply degenerates.

Update planting material regularly. When planting winter varieties, leave a few arrows to get seeds, and then grow planting bulbs from them, consisting of one clove. In the third year, a large, full-weight garlic head can be grown from such a clove.

Video "How to grow large winter garlic in the country"

This video describes and demonstrates the technology of growing large garlic heads, which has shown itself perfectly and gives an excellent harvest over the years.