Secrets of growing cabbage seedlings at home. When to plant cabbage for seedlings at home

Cabbage is one of the most important garden crops, which is grown in seedlings in many regions. The crop yield, which, without exaggeration, will feed you all year, depends on how correctly the timing of planting cabbage for seedlings was chosen and what was the care of the seedlings before planting them on the garden bed. We will tell you when to sow cabbage for seedlings, how to grow cabbage seedlings at home and when to plant them in the garden.

When to plant cabbage for seedlings in 2019

If you do not know when to plant cabbage for seedlings, it is best to refer to the lunar planting calendar.

Consider the sowing days.

January: 1, 5-7, 19-21, 24, 25, 28, 29;
February: 8-10, 20-22, 25, 26;
March: 10, 11, 15, 20, 21, 24, 25;
April: 20, 21, 27, 28, 29;
May: 18, 19, 24-28;
June: 3-5, 10, 11, 15, 23, 24;
July: 8, 9, 20-22, 25, 26, 30, 31.

Growing cabbage seedlings at home

Soil for cabbage seedlings

For seedlings of all varieties of cabbage, a loose and light substrate is needed, so peat should be its main component. Here are sample recipes for cabbage seedlings:

75% peat, 20% turf and 5% sand;
equal parts of peat, humus or compost and sod land should be mixed with not large quantity sand;
mix equal parts of turf and humus with wood ash and add one tablespoon of the complex mineral fertilizer for 1 kg of soil mixture.

Store soil can also be used to grow cabbage seedlings.

Whichever substrate you prefer, it must be disinfected before sowing - warmed up for 5 minutes in the microwave on full power, or calcined for 15 minutes in the oven at 200 ºC. After that, the soil should be cooled, placed in a container treated with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate and allowed to stand in a warm place for a couple of weeks while bacteria useful for seedlings multiply in the substrate.

In the photo: Cabbage seedlings

Preparing cabbage seeds for sowing

Seeds of cabbage for seedlings of all varieties are prepared for sowing in the same way. First, the seed is sorted, selecting seeds not smaller than 1.5 mm, then they are wrapped in a triple layer of gauze and placed in a thermos with water at a temperature of 45-50 ºC for 15 minutes, and then immediately lowered for 2 minutes in cold water... After water procedures, the seeds are kept in wet gauze for a day at room temperature, placing them on a saucer, then stratified for a day in a refrigerator at a temperature of 1-2 ºC and, finally, dried to a loose state and sown.

If you purchased seed from a store, carefully study the instructions on the package - it is likely that the seeds are already ready for sowing and do not need dressing and stratification. Painted in different colours seeds are sown dry without any preparation.

Cabbage seedlings can be grown with or without a pick. When growing with a pick, sowing can be done in one common container - a box or container, and later grown seedlings are seated in separate pots. But if you want to avoid a pick that injures the roots of seedlings, you need to sow the seeds immediately in separate containers - cups, pots, in cassettes with large cells or in peat tablets.

Planting cabbage seeds for seedlings with a pick

A layer of soil mixture 3-4 cm thick is placed in boxes 4-5 cm deep and poured with a solution of two Gamair tablets and two Alirin-B tablets in 10 liters of water. It is better to do this a couple of days before sowing. On the day of sowing, grooves with a depth of 1 cm are made in the soil at a distance of 3 cm from each other, into which the seeds are laid out at a distance of 1-1.5 cm, after which the grooves are sprinkled with soil. Then the surface is slightly compacted, the crops are placed on a windowsill and kept at a temperature of 18-20 ºC. Seedlings usually appear in 4-5 days.

How to grow cabbage seedlings in tablets

If you do not want to injure the roots of cabbage seedlings with a dive, grow them in peat tablets. The tablets consist of pressed peat with the addition of trace elements necessary for plants and nutrients, therefore, you can not feed the seedlings until the very planting in the garden. The tablets are in a net soaked in a fungicide that will protect your seedlings from fungal diseases.

In the photo: Cabbage seedlings planted in the ground

Planting cabbage for seedlings is carried out in tablets with a diameter of at least 4 cm, which are pre-made into a deep container and poured warm water until they swell completely. When the tablets grow 7-8 times, the excess water must be drained, the seeds, 2 pieces at a time, are laid out in the grooves on the surface of the tablets and covered with peat. After that, the container with tablets is placed in a bright place and kept at a temperature of 18-20 ºC until emergence. When the seeds germinate and the seedlings get stronger, cut a weak seedling in each tablet under the root, but in no case pull it out, so as not to damage the roots of a more developed seedling.

Sowing cabbage seeds for seedlings in cassettes

You can avoid picking by sowing seeds in cassettes for cabbage seedlings.

Choose a cassette with a depth of at least 7-8 cm with cells of the following sizes:

for early varieties of cabbage - from 6x6 to 7x8 cm;
for mid-season varieties - 5x6 cm;
for the late ones - 5x5 cm.

You can fill the cells with one of our suggested substrates and sow two seeds in each, or you can sow cabbage seeds into tablets, and then arrange the tablets into the cells. By the way, if roots begin to sprout through the grid of tablets, you need to transplant the seedlings into the pot along with the tablet. If the tablet is in the cassette compartment, simply add substrate to the compartment to fill the space.

Seedlings of cabbage in the greenhouse

Good seedlings of cabbage are obtained when grown in a greenhouse, since the sun's rays penetrate well through its transparent coating without harming the seedlings. And the moisture from the soil in the greenhouse does not evaporate as quickly as in an apartment, where heating devices work at full capacity at this time of the year. Growing cabbage seedlings in a greenhouse also has the advantage of that there is created an optimal microclimate for seedlings.

In the photo: Planted cabbage seedlings

Seeds for sowing in the greenhouse must be dry. Early varieties are sown from late March to mid-April, mid-season and late varieties - from early to late April.

Make several rows on the garden bed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other and water them abundantly, then sprinkle the seeds into the grooves so that there are no more than 3 seeds per 1 cm². Cover the seeds to a depth of at least 1 cm and no more than 2 cm.

When the emerging seedlings acquire the first true leaves, it is advisable to treat them with an insecticide from cruciferous flea, and at the stage of development of 4 leaves, in order for the seedlings to form an even stem, sprinkle a layer of soil 3-4 cm thick on the garden bed. Densely sprouted seedlings must be thinned out, pulling out or cutting off less developed seedlings at the root, after which it is imperative to water the garden bed.

Buy cabbage seedlings - is it worth it?

Growing cabbage seedlings is not a Newton binomial, as they say, but if for some reason you could not or did not want to do this, you will have to buy seedlings.

How not to be mistaken in the choice of seedlings? Heed our advice and don't be fooled.

Seedlings are chosen according to the following external characteristics:

the stems of the seedlings should not be light green, as when overfeeding with nitrogen, but green with a lilac tint;
the root system of the seedlings must be well developed;
do not buy seedlings collected and tied in bunches.

Keep in mind that if the seedlings have round leaves, the heads of cabbage will subsequently also be round or slightly flattened. Seedling with oval oblong leaves forms oblong heads of cabbage. You also need to know that if the leg (the distance from the root collar to lower leaves) in seedlings, short is a seedling of early cabbage, and a thick and long stem and large leaves there are seedlings late varieties.

In the photo: Cabbage seedlings

After purchasing the seedlings, wrap them in a damp cloth or strong paper, being careful not to squeeze the roots. And keep in mind that if the quality of the seedlings can be determined by eye, then you can only find out what kind of variety you purchased from the seller's words, so buy seedlings not on the market, but at fairs, and only from well-established producers.

Caring for cabbage seedlings at home

Conditions for growing cabbage seedlings

As soon as seedlings appear in the common box, the crops are moved to the most illuminated place, and the temperature of the content is lowered to 10-12 ºC, otherwise the seedlings will begin to stretch. After a week, the temperature is raised to 15-17 ºC, and after another 3-4 days, the seedlings are dived into separate cups or pots. As soon as the seedlings take root after the pick, they set such temperature regime: during the day - 13-14 ºC, and at night - 10-12 ºC. At first, cabbage seedlings grow very slowly, but gradually their growth is gaining momentum, and three weeks after the pick, they will already have three leaves.

Keep in mind that cauliflower seedlings require 6-8 ºC higher temperatures than white cabbage and other varieties.

Seedlings grown in tablets or in cassettes are not dived, otherwise the conditions for growing cabbage seedlings are the same as for seedlings grown in a common box. Do not forget to thin out the seedlings, leaving one more developed seedling in each container.

Highlighting cabbage seedlings

For normal development, cabbage seedlings need good lighting, and at the end of winter and early spring it dawns late and darkens early. How to grow cabbage seedlings in a short daylight hours and not allow it to stretch? It is necessary to install an LED or fluorescent lamp or phytolamp over the seedlings at a height of 20-25 cm, which should work for at least 12, and preferably 15 hours a day.

Do not use incandescent bulbs for artificial lighting - they do not emit the light that plants need, and besides, they heat the air.

Photo: Growing cabbage in a box

Watering cabbage seedlings

Seedlings of cabbage at home need watering as the top layer of the soil dries up. Both insufficient soil moisture and excessive soil moisture are dangerous for seedlings, and in order not to have to water the seedlings too often, do not neglect the soil loosening. Standing water is used to moisten the soil. room temperature. Be sure to ventilate the area after each watering.

Fertilizing cabbage seedlings

The first time the cabbage is fed a week after picking with a solution of 2 g of ammonium nitrate, 1 g potash fertilizer and 4 g of superphosphate in 1 liter of water. Two weeks after the first feeding, you can add a second one, doubling the amount of fertilizer for the same amount of water. The third top dressing is applied a day or two before planting on the garden, therefore it is called hardening: 4 g of superphosphate, 2 g of ammonium nitrate and 6-7 g of potassium fertilizer are dissolved in one liter of water. An increased dose of potassium contributes to the rapid survival of seedlings in the open field.

Pickling cabbage seedlings (transplant)

As we already wrote, only the cabbage that was sown in the common box is dived. One and a half weeks after the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are seated in separate pots, watered with a solution of one tablet of Alirin-B and one tablet of Gamair in 10 liters of water and for 2-3 days, until the seedlings take root, the temperature in the room is maintained within 17-18 ºC ... The seedlings are deepened by cotyledon leaves, and the surface of the substrate after planting, in order to prevent the black leg, is covered with a layer of washed river sand 2 mm thick. As soon as the seedlings adapt in a new container, the daytime temperature is lowered to 13-14 ºC, and the nighttime temperature to 10-12 ºC.

Diseases of cabbage seedlings and their treatment

Cabbage seedlings turn yellow

There can be several reasons for this phenomenon. For instance, leaves may turn yellow from a lack of certain elements in the soil: if the seedlings lack phosphorus, the leaves turn yellow on the underside of the plate and can acquire a red-purple hue, the tips of the leaves turn yellow from the lack of potassium, and if the plant lacks iron, then the leaves turn yellow all over the base.

Yellowness appears and from excess nutrition- seedlings suffer from poisoning with too large doses of fertilizers. To remedy the situation, you need to spill the soil with a lot of water, setting the container so that the water flows out of it freely. As a last resort, you can transplant seedlings into new soil.

In the photo: Sprouted cabbage seedlings

Sometimes yellowness on the leaves appears due to the fact that you added sea sand to the soil mixture, containing salt, which is poisonous root system seedlings. It is necessary to transplant the seedlings into a new soil, after rinsing their roots with water.

Another reason for the yellowing of the leaves can be an infection that got into the ground along with seeds that were not disinfected before sowing.

Cabbage seedlings are rotting

Most often, rotting of seedlings occurs due to damage to the black leg - a fungal disease that develops against a background of increased acidity and high humidity soil and too high nitrogen content in it. The causative agent of the disease may be in soil that has not been disinfected before sowing. In a diseased seedling, it first darkens and rots. Bottom part stem - it becomes watery and turns brown. Then a constriction forms at this place, the seedling dies and lies down. It is necessary to remove all diseased specimens, and spill the soil with a pink solution of potassium permanganate at the rate of 3-4 g per 10 liters of water, after which do not water the seedlings for a week.

Cabbage seedlings are pulled

The main reasons for this phenomenon are a lack of light and an incorrect temperature regime. Moreover, the seedlings can stretch out even in good lighting, if the planting density is such that the plants have to literally make their way to the light. And this is another argument in favor of sowing seeds in separate containers.

And, of course, the most important factor the normal development of seedlings is compliance with the recommended temperature regime.

Diseases of cabbage seedlings

In addition to the black leg, it affects cabbage seedlings fomoz - fungal disease which is seed borne. The development of the disease can be prevented by pre-sowing seed treatment in hot water or in strong solution potassium permanganate. Phomosis is manifested by the formation of black blotches on the stems and leaves of growing seedlings, and since it is impossible to save the affected plants, have to reseed cabbage.

In the photo: Fake leaves of cabbage seedlings

Affects seedlings of keela cabbage - cruciferous disease and flower crops... The environment where the pathogen lives is heavy acidified soil, therefore it is so important to subject the soil to decontamination and liming before sowing. Keela affects the root system of plants, as a result of which the seedlings cannot feed on their own and die. Sick seedlings must be destroyed, and the holes that remain after them should be treated with ash or charcoal.

Cabbage seedling pests

Sometimes when growing seedlings in a greenhouse, it is struck by a cruciferous flea - the worst enemy of all cabbage crops. To avoid unpleasant consequences raid of the pest, carry out preventive treatment of seedlings with a solution of the drug Inta-vir, prepared in accordance with the instructions.

Planting cabbage seedlings

When to plant cabbage seedlings in the ground

A couple of weeks before planting cabbage seedlings in the garden, you need to start hardening procedures: the seedlings are taken out into the open air under the sun's rays - on a balcony, veranda or garden. At first, they are kept there for no more than an hour, but daily the duration of the hardening procedure is increased, and by the time they are planted in the ground, the seedlings should be carried out in the air around the clock.

Watering the seedlings is reduced a week before transplanting to the garden bed, but the seedlings should not be allowed to wither. A day or two before planting, a hardening top dressing with a high potassium content is carried out. The seedlings planted in the garden should be stocky, strong, with 6-8 leaves and a well-developed root system. Early cabbage is planted from late April to early May, mid-season varieties are planted in late May or early June, and from mid to late May it is time for late varieties.

How to plant cabbage seedlings in the garden

The area set aside for cabbage should be well lit. The soil must be prepared in advance: cleaned of weeds and plant residues, dig up with the introduction of 6-8 kg of rotted manure or compost and 100-200 g of wood ash for each m².

Photo: Growing cabbage seedlings in an egg box

White and red cabbage is planted according to the following scheme:

early varieties and hybrids - 30-35x40-45 cm;
mid-season cabbage - 50-60x60 cm;
late varieties - 60-70x70 cm.

After this article, they usually read

Cabbage is a favorite of many, delicious and healthy vegetable, which is very popular with gardeners. Cabbage occupies an important place in our diet, is successfully used in folk medicine... Everyone dreams of growing powerful green heads of cabbage on their land. Experienced gardeners know how to sow cabbage for seedlings at home in order to get a rich harvest.

Each variety of cabbage has its own characteristics. Familiarization with the varietal characteristics will help to make the final choice. Before purchasing seeds, it is important to make a decision about which cabbage you need: for a long winter storage, pickling or just for salads.

Among the varieties of white cabbage, there are early ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening. Early varieties (June, Skorospelaya, Podarok, Ditmarskaya, Zolotoy hectare, Kazachok F1) have low productivity, medium density small heads of cabbage weighing up to 1.5 kg.

Already in the middle of summer, you can enjoy fresh tender salads from early cabbage. Mid-season cabbage varieties are suitable for summer consumption and salting: Amager, Slava, Belorusskaya, Nadezhda, Menza F1. Late ones (Geneva, Türkis, Kolobok, Amager, Zimovka 1474, Aros F1) are well kept fresh for a long time.

Buying quality seeds

The quality of seedlings and the yield of cabbage primarily depend on the seeds. Therefore, it is worth purchasing only high-quality seed. To the process of buying seeds experienced gardeners recommend to be approached effectively. Having made at least a rough list of what you are going to sow, you can go to the store.

It is worth buying seeds only at proven specialized points of sale. Only in this case there is no doubt about the quality seed, which was kept in proper conditions and did not lose its germination.

Preparing the soil mixture

Growing strong cabbage seedlings requires correct preparation soil mixture. Experienced gardeners have been preparing the soil for cabbage seedlings since autumn, but this can be done in early spring.

To prepare a nutritious soil mixture, it is recommended to mix 1 part of humus and turf soil and add 10 tablespoons of ash for every 10 kg of soil. Ash will serve not only as a source of macro- and microelements, but also as an excellent antiseptic, preventing the appearance of black leg on cabbage seedlings.

You can also make a nutritious soil mixture based on peat by mixing it in equal parts with humus and turf and adding a small amount of sand.

Any substrate must be disinfected before sowing. To do this, it is calcined in an oven at a temperature of 200 ° C for 15 minutes or heated for 5 minutes in a microwave on at full power. After cooling, the soil is placed in a container treated with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, and for a couple of days it is allowed to stand in a warm place so that bacteria useful for plants multiply in the substrate.

To prepare the soil mixture for cabbage seedlings, you cannot use the garden soil on which cruciferous crops previously grew: the probability of seedling disease in it increases many times over due to the presence of infections characteristic of cabbage.

How to choose the optimal time for sowing cabbage for seedlings?

Determining a specific date for sowing cabbage seeds for seedlings can be difficult, but the approximate dates are known. Early varieties can be sown from the beginning until March 25-28.

For sowing medium varieties, the period from March 25 to April 25 is suitable. Late varieties of cabbage are sown for seedlings from the beginning to the 20th of April.

Seasoned gardeners give another hint: to determine the time of sowing cabbage for seedlings, it is important to know that about 10 days from the time of sowing passes until the emergence of shoots and another 50-55 days after that - until the time of disembarkation. 60-65 days before the desired planting of seedlings in the ground and it is recommended to sow cabbage for seedlings.

Presowing seed preparation

Before sowing, cabbage seeds are sorted, selecting finer than 1.5 mm. Wrapped with a triple layer of gauze, they are placed in a thermos with water (45-50 ° C) for 15 minutes, and immediately after that they are immersed in cold water for 2 minutes.

The seeds that have undergone water procedures are put on a saucer in wet gauze and kept at room temperature for 24 hours. Then the inoculum is stratified at a temperature of 1-2 ° C in a refrigerator. After that, cabbage seeds are dried and sown. Thanks to such simple manipulations, it is possible to increase the resistance of cabbage to fungal and other diseases.

You should carefully study the instructions on the packaging of seeds purchased at the store: they are often completely ready for sowing. The pelleted and inlaid seeds, dyed in different colors, are sown dry without any preparation.

How to sow seeds for seedlings correctly?

Sowing seeds - important stage, which must be approached correctly. For cabbage, trays or boxes with a depth of 7-10 cm are suitable. For germination, cabbage seeds require a lot of water, so the soil must be well watered with a specially prepared solution a couple of days before sowing: dissolve 2 tablets of Apirin-B and Gamair in 10 liters of water.

On the day of sowing, grooves are made in a box or tray at a distance of 3 cm from each other and seeds are placed in them at a distance of 1-1.5 cm, sprinkling the grooves with soil. Then the surface is slightly compacted, the crops are placed on the windowsill and kept at a temperature of 18-20 ° C. Seedlings usually appear in 4-5 days.

The emerging seedlings need to be thinned out, leaving an area of about 2x2 cm for each plant to feed. Seedlings dive in 2 weeks, when they grow a little.

Plants are planted in cassettes according to the 3x3 cm scheme. When diving, the stem of the seedlings is deepened to the cotyledons. After 2 weeks, the plants from the cassette are transplanted into 5x5 cm pots (plastic, paper or peat). For the prevention of fungal diseases, the cups are treated with a weak solution before picking copper sulfate light blue in color.

Growing cabbage in peat tablets

So that the roots of cabbage seedlings are not injured by a dive, they are grown in peat tablets that contain all the nutrients and minerals. Until the very planting in the garden, the cabbage in them does not require feeding. The mesh impregnated with fungicide protects the seedlings from fungal diseases.

Cabbage is planted on seedlings in tablets with a diameter of at least 4 cm.Previously they are placed in a deep container, poured with warm water and left to swell.

When the tablets increase in size by 7-8 times, the excess water is poured, 2 seeds are laid out in the grooves on the surface of the tablets and the holes are covered with peat. A container with tablets placed in a bright place is kept at a temperature of 18-20 ° C until shoots appear.

After seed germination, the weak seedling in each tablet is cut at the root, but not pulled out, so as not to damage the roots of the stronger one. If the roots of the plant begin to sprout through the grid of the tablet, it is recommended to transplant the seedlings together with the tablet into a pot.

How to get seedlings without picking?

To avoid picking, cabbage seeds are planted in cassettes with a depth of at least 7-8 cm, the cells of which should have the following dimensions:

from 6x6 to 7x8 cm for early varieties;
5x6 cm for mid-season varieties;
5x5 cm - for late ones.

After filling the cells with a substrate, 2 seeds are sown in each of them. You can first sow seeds in tablets, then arrange them in the cells. If roots begin to sprout through the grid of the tablet in the cell of the cassette, a substrate is simply added to it, filling the space.

It is better to initially sow cabbage in separate pots, if there is no desire to dive. The root system of plants growing in separate pots has a large volume, they are planted on permanent place in a more gentle way.

Growing cabbage seedlings in a greenhouse

Good cabbage seedlings can be grown in a greenhouse. The sun's rays penetrate the transparent cover and do not harm the seedlings. Not as fast in a greenhouse as in an apartment with workers heating devices, moisture evaporates from the soil. Another advantage of growing seedlings in a greenhouse is that it creates a microclimate that is optimal for seedlings.

For sowing in a greenhouse, the seeds must be dry. From the end of March to mid-April, the sowing date for early varieties begins, late and mid-season varieties are sown throughout April. Several grooves are made at a distance of 15-20 cm in the garden bed and watered abundantly. Seeds are scattered into the grooves at the rate of no more than 3 pieces per 1 sq. Cm. The depth of seeding is 1-2 cm.

To protect against cruciferous flea beetles, after the first true leaves appear on the seedlings, it is advisable to treat them with an insecticide. To ensure the formation of an even stem in the seedlings, at the stage of development of 4 leaves, it is recommended to sprinkle a layer of soil 3-4 cm thick on the garden bed. It is recommended to thin out seedlings that have sprouted very densely by cutting them at the root or pulling out weaker seedlings. After that, the garden must be watered.

How to care?

Correct care- a prerequisite for growing cabbage seedlings. This plant cannot be called capricious, but errors in care can cause growth retardation, disease and even death of seedlings.

Lighting

At home, cabbage does not have enough normal daylight. In order for the seedlings to grow stocky and strong, it is necessary to supplement them. At a height of 20-25 cm above the seedlings, a fluorescent or LED lamp or phytolamp. They have to work 12-15 hours a day. Incandescent lamps are not suitable for artificial lighting, as they heat the air, and the light emanating from them is not suitable for plants.

Watering

At home, cabbage seedlings are watered when they dry. upper layer soil. For seedlings, both insufficient and excessive moisture are dangerous. So that the seedlings do not have to be watered too often, do not neglect the loosening of the soil. Moisten the soil with settled water at room temperature. It is recommended to ventilate the room after each watering.

Temperature regime

When growing cabbage seedlings, it is important to control the indoor temperature. Before emergence, the optimum temperature is 18-20 ° C. When shoots appear, the temperature is reduced to 15-17 ° C during the day and 8-10 ° C at night. Such changes in day and night temperatures help to strengthen the seedlings and prevent them from stretching. For cauliflower seedlings, keep the temperature 5-7 ° C higher.

After a week, the temperature is raised to 15-17 ° C. After 3-4 days, the seedlings are dived into separate pots or cups. It is recommended for seedlings that have taken root after a dive to set the following temperature regime: 13-14 ° С during the day and 10-12 ° С at night. Seedlings of cabbage at first grow very slowly, but over time they gain momentum and 3 weeks after the pick they form 3 leaves each.

Top dressing

When growing cabbage seedlings, do not forget that for young plants during the seedling period, a balanced set of nutrients is required, supplied in the most readily available form. Approximately 7-9 days after the pick, the first feeding should be carried out.

To prepare the fertilizer, it is recommended to dissolve 4 g of superphosphate and 2 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium fertilizers in 1 liter of water. For feeding 5-6 dozen plants, 1 liter of nutrient solution will be enough. First, young seedlings need to be watered so as not to burn the roots, and only then feed them.

After 2 weeks after the first feeding, the second is carried out. To prepare the nutrient solution, use the same fertilizers, doubling their amount per liter of water. If the cabbage seedlings have turned a little yellow, they are fed with fermented slurry.

A few days before planting cabbage in the ground, a third (hardening) top dressing is carried out. 5 g of superphosphate, 3 g of ammonium nitrate, 8 g of potassium fertilizers are added to 1 liter of water. An increased dose of potash fertilizers helps the seedlings to take root better in the open field. For feeding, you can use ready-made complex liquid fertilizer "Kemira Lux".

Hardening

Hardening of seedlings promotes the development of the root system and ensures high survival rate. They begin to harden cabbage seedlings 10 days before planting in the ground. In the first few days in a room with seedlings, it is enough to open the window for a couple of hours.

In the next few days, the seedlings are taken out for 2-3 hours on a balcony, loggia or veranda in direct sunlight. To prevent young plants from being burned by the bright spring sun, they are slightly shaded with gauze.

On the sixth day of hardening, they begin to reduce watering, preventing the soil from drying out, and take out the seedlings to the balcony, where they will be until they are planted in the ground. Before planting, the seedlings are well watered.

Planting cabbage seedlings in the garden

By the time of planting in the garden, the seedlings should be strong, stocky, have 4-5 leaves and a well-developed root. Planting of early cabbage is carried out in late April and early May, mid-season varieties are planted in late May or early July, late ones - throughout May.

The soil on the plot allocated for cabbage is prepared in advance: it is cleaned of plant residues and weeds, dug up and applied to each square meter a mixture of 6-8 kg of rotted manure and 100-200 g of wood ash.

For varieties and hybrids of white and red cabbage, the following planting scheme is recommended:

early - 30-35 cm (distance between plants in a row) x 40-45 cm (row spacing);
mid-season - 50-60x60;
late - 60-70x70.

For the ripening of the main heads, broccoli cabbage is planted according to the scheme 20-30x50-60, and for the development of lateral shoots - 40-45x60. For seedlings of Brussels sprouts, a planting scheme of 60-70x70 is used. Cauliflower can be planted in a 20-30x50x60 pattern or staggered 30-40 cm apart.

It is recommended to plant cabbage on a cloudy day. Dig holes in the garden bed and pour at least 1 liter of water into each. The seedlings taken out of the container with an earthen lump are laid out on the holes, buried in the first real pair of leaves and watered. For the first few days, the seedlings will need to be protected from direct sunlight and sprayed with water after 17 hours.

Hello, dear summer residents, gardeners and truck farmers!

Let's talk today about cabbage. How to grow healthy, strong and strong seedlings this wonderful vegetable.

In our article, we have several landing methods that will certainly interest you.

When to plant cabbage for seedlings

We sow cabbage for seedlings 45-50 days before planting in the ground. Therefore, you need to focus on your weather conditions and roughly determine whether at this time it will already be warm enough to plant it in open ground or in a greenhouse.

It is not worth growing seedlings for a long time, planting much in advance, so as not to get the effect of elongated, starving, tortured seedlings, which occurs when any seedlings are not planted in the ground on time.

Sowing cabbage for seedlings in a tray

This classic way which many people like and gives good results.

It has both advantages and disadvantages. Let's take a look at it.

For this method, we need any container, not too deep, which needs to be filled with earth.

Cabbage loves nutritious soil. You can use garden soil or seedling soil that is sold in stores.

Cabbage seeds can be pre-soaked in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for 10 minutes.

Soak only seeds without a shell in potassium permanganate!

If your seeds are pelleted and covered with a special colored shell, then they do not need processing.

With the same weak solution of warm water and manganese, you need to moisten the soil well.

You can also use Fitosporin solution instead of potassium permanganate according to the instructions.

A convenient object is to make grooves and put prepared cabbage seeds into these grooves.

You can sow thickly, cabbage tolerates thickening well. Moreover, this method involves further picking.

We fill the seeds with soil from above, with a layer not thicker than 1 cm, even less is better. Then we cover the tray with a bag, creating a greenhouse.

The optimum temperature for seed germination is 18-20 degrees. After germination, the bag must be removed.

Cabbage loves bright light, coolness and good humidity.

Further temperature for growing seedlings is 15-18 degrees during the day and 8-10 at night.

It is usually quite difficult to reach such temperatures in an apartment. The best option — glazed loggia where it is light and cool.

In the phase of cotyledonous leaves, it is necessary to make a dive into individual containers, selecting the strongest seedlings.

For more information on this method of planting cabbage, see this video tutorial:

The main disadvantage of sowing cabbage in a tray is the mandatory subsequent picking.

This procedure, whatever one may say, is traumatic for seedlings and slows down their growth.

Seedling cabbage from seeds in snails

This method just blew up the Internet a few years ago and turned the idea of seedlings of not only cabbage, but also other vegetable and flower crops upside down for many.

Its essence is to place a large number of seedlings in a small area.

This is achieved by planting in such twisted rolls, with a layer of substrate between the turns, into which the seeds are placed.

The laminate backing is usually used for this method because it is dense and does not soggy.

The soil is laid on the substrate, after which the so-called "snail" is twisted.

The wider the strip of laminate flooring, the taller your snail will be. And the longer it is, the thicker the roll will be and the more seeds will fit into it.

The soil is not poured into the snail completely, so that it is possible to fill in the seeds, which are laid out along the entire spiral at a distance of 1.5 - 2 cm from each other.

It is very easy to dive seedlings from a snail, you just need to unfold it, soak the soil and simply remove the seedling from it.

Otherwise, caring for seedlings in a snail is no different from caring for seedlings in a tray.

If you do not want to engage in picking cabbage seedlings, then be sure to check out the next option.

Seedlings of early cabbage without picking

The method of planting cabbage without picking is very good! It completely eliminates trauma to the root system and the seedlings grow strong immediately, do not get sick!

In this way, cabbage is grown in such cups.

We start by disinfecting seeds. We make a weak solution of potassium permanganate (they don't sell it in pharmacies, but they do it in garden stores).

Soak cabbage seeds for 20 minutes in this solution.

At this time, we will prepare 100 gram cups and fill them with soil.

You can use cassettes with cells instead of cups.

The soil must be nutritious.

To do this, mix the garden soil with humus 1: 1. Instead of humus, you can take vermicompost.

We also pour the earth in cups with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

For the best germination of cabbage, we use the following technique:

Place the seeds between two damp paper towels and leave them there for 3-4 days.

After this time, they will swell well, some will even begin to germinate. This is how we put them in glasses.

We plant 1 seed in 1 cup, in the hole no deeper than 1-1.5 cm. This is done in order to skip the pick.

We will take advantage of the fact that cabbage seedlings do not need a lot of land because their root system is very compact.

Seedlings will grow in these cups until they are planted in the ground.

After 10 days, you will already have good shoots with two cotyledon leaves.

Fertilizing cabbage seedlings with yeast

At this stage, we use yeast feeding. To do this, take 10 g of dry yeast and 3 tbsp for 1 liter of water. l sugar.

Stir and leave for 5 hours. Yeast is activated and creates an excellent nutrient medium, which contains all the necessary macro and micronutrients for young seedlings.

Without diluting the solution, we spill our seedlings.

Temperature range: we stick to 18-20 degrees Celsius.

No need for warmer, the seedlings will begin to grow faster and stretch out. And we need her to be short and strong and spend her strength not on the growth of burdocks, but on the development of the root system 👆. Also, so that the seedlings do not stretch out, you need to supplement it, so that in total it is illuminated for 12 hours a day.

After 15 days, the seedlings will look like this. In this phase, feed with nitrogen fertilizer.

This is what early cabbage seedlings 45 days old look like. She is already completely ready for planting in open ground.

When it has warmed up enough, we plant the seedlings immediately in open ground using the transshipment method.

That is, we squeeze the glass, take out the plant along with the earthen lump and place it with it in the prepared hole, add it and moisten it. Ready!

Sowing cabbage for seedlings in cells

An interesting way to save space by building these homemade cells in boxes.

Why this method is good:

seedlings take up little space
no picking is needed
roots do not intertwine
easy to transfer to greenhouse or balcony
easy to plant in the ground

How to build boxes with cells with my own hands see this video review:

Cabbage seedlings in a portable box nursery

Very interesting way which can save you both time and space. He looks like previous option, but a very lazy way and without problems.

It consists in the fact that cabbage is planted directly in a box and grows there until it is time to plant it in open ground.

No fuss, no picking, it can always be rearranged to any place, placed on the balcony or taken out to the greenhouse. Very comfortably!

We take any suitable box.

We line the bottom with hay or grass so that the soil does not spill through the holes. You can use film or spabond.

We fill the box with loose, nutritious soil with the addition of compost and vermicompost.

We make grooves in the ground, where we will plant cabbage.

We have pelleted seeds. We plant them at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from each other for the entire length of the grooves.

We shed the grooves with water. And cover the planting with a film, creating the effect of a greenhouse.

The first shoots will appear in 4-5 days. The film will need to be removed, and the seedlings should be determined for light and cool place.

Further care and watering is carried out as usual.

Caring for cabbage seedlings

Whichever method of planting you choose from the above, the care of the seedlings of our favorite vegetable will be the same everywhere.

These are 3 whales:

bright lighting (if additional lighting is needed)
coolness (15-18 degrees during the day and 8-10 at night)
regular watering and moisture

If you have purchased soil for seedlings, then you can do without top dressing before planting. Manufacturers usually enrich such soils with all the necessary micro and macro elements.

If you really want to, you can feed the young seedlings with any complex fertilizers for seedlings: Zdraven, Krepysh, Fertika Lux, but reduce the dosage by half for young tender seedlings so as not to burn them!

From natural fertilizers yeast, ash and ammonia are suitable. See above for the Yeast Muffler recipe.

These are such simple and useful in the household methods of sowing cabbage for seedlings at home, if it is too early to plant in a direct way, that is, in the ground.

See you in new useful articles! We will grow gorgeous harvests together.

" Cabbage

Today cabbage is considered to be one of the most important and necessary garden crops... It is grown from seedlings at home. The timing of planting and proper home care for the latter in many ways ensure the quality of the future harvest. Unfortunately, purchased seedlings often leave much to be desired, and they were grown in spite of all technologies. It is not known from which planting material... That is why it is best to plant and grow cabbage yourself, personally supervising the whole process. And this article will show you a step-by-step process.

The timing of sowing seeds can vary significantly depending on the specific region and its climatic conditions. As a rule, they begin to deal with this business in the second half of March. It's usually late in May. However, it is worth considering the characteristics of the selected varieties, as well as the ripening time. Often gardeners resort to tricks and do not sow all the material at once, but do it gradually (over several days). This allows you to extend the harvest time.

Cabbage grows fast enough. When sowing early cabbage, it must be borne in mind that it must be planted in a permanent place of growth at the age of 30 to 40 days. For mid-ripening varieties, this period is slightly longer - 40-50 days, and for late-ripening varieties it can even be 2 months. In addition, the seedlings will need up to 1 week to germinate. Rooting of the transplanted seedlings will take place for another 1 week. Thus, you can accurately calculate the timing of when to plant cabbage specifically for your region.

Planting cabbage seeds in boxes

Favorable days for planting cabbage according to the lunar calendar

There are certain days in the lunar calendar on which it is best to sow cabbage. It is believed that if all the procedures are carried out at this particular time, the plant will grow better, hurt less and give an excellent harvest.

For each type of cabbage, as well as regarding the timing of its ripening moon calendar has certain auspicious days every month. Links this with a certain phase moon. This calendar changes annually. In 2017, the following successful days are foreseen:

White and red cabbage, savoy cabbage, kohlrabi:

Redhead:

Broccoli for picking:

Broccoli without picking

Planting Chinese cabbage:

Successful for early cabbage are March 15, 25 and 26, for medium cabbage - April 1, 2, as well as April 7-10. As for the late varieties, they are sown in the same period as the middle ones. During the full moon or new moon, sowing should not be carried out at all.

How can you plant cabbage for seedlings in the ground in May

Cabbage is considered an unpretentious crop. But the future harvest depends on the care and availability of practical skills in growing seedlings. So that it is not meager, it is necessary to choose the right soil, and also create the maximum comfortable conditions for plant growth.

Preparing the soil mixture for sowing and growing seedlings

Absolutely all types of cabbage love loose soil. That is why peat must be included in its composition. It can be mixed with sand, as well as humus or rotten compost. You can also add wood ash to the mixture.

Soil for planting seedlings can be purchased either ready-made in the store or prepared by yourself. Only after the mixture is obtained, it must be disinfected. There are a lot of ways for this. The most common, affordable and simple one is to bake in the oven at 200 degrees for 15 minutes.

Sometimes a microwave is used for the above procedure, turning it on at full power and keeping it for 5 minutes.

Soil mixture for cabbage should be loose mixed with peat

Presowing seed preparation at home and the required temperature

Now let's talk about the instructions on how to care for the seeds before planting. Regardless of what type of cabbage you plan to plant, the seed preparation will be the same. The first step is to sort them out and select those with a diameter of at least 1.5 mm. After that, gauze is taken, folded in three layers and the selected seeds are wrapped in it.

The resulting bundle is dipped into a thermos with water heated to 45-50 degrees, kept there for 15 minutes. Then the seeds in gauze are dipped in cold water for a couple of minutes, removed and left in a damp cloth for another two days.

If the seeds were purchased in a specialized store, then most likely they have already passed all the stages. preliminary preparation and do not need it anymore. The only thing that is recommended to do is to keep them in wet gauze for a couple of days. This procedure will speed up the emergence of seedlings in the future, since the seeds will already be well swollen and ready to give their first shoots.

Cabbage seeds should be correct size no visible defects

Step by step sowing technique at home

Seeds are sown depending on whether it is planned to dive the seedlings or not. If planned, you can sow in a common box or other suitable container.

If picking is not planned, then sowing is carried out immediately in separate containers (pots or cups, peat tablets).

When choosing a picking method, you need to prepare boxes with a depth of at least 4 centimeters. A layer of prepared soil mixture is poured into them, the thickness of which is 3-4 centimeters. At a distance of 3 centimeters from each other, small grooves are made with a depth of about 1 centimeter. Cabbage seeds are sown in them, the distance between which should also be about 1 centimeter. At the end, the sowing is sprinkled with earth.

Proper care of planted seeds

After the cabbage has been sown, the container is placed on a well-lit windowsill. The minimum air temperature in the room should be between 18-20 degrees. After 5 days, the first shoots should appear. After that, the box is moved to the most well-lit place. The temperature should be reduced to 10-12 degrees. Otherwise, the seedlings will be strongly stretched.

Initially, seedlings do not greatly increase in growth, but then the rates increase significantly. Three weeks later, the third leaf begins to appear. It should be borne in mind that the temperature regime for cauliflower should be increased by 6 degrees in comparison with other varieties.

Seedlings of cabbage are very demanding on lighting. V spring When it gets dark early and dawn late, you need to take care of additional lighting. This can be done using an LED or phytolamp. Daylight hours in this way should be at least 12 hours.

Incandescent lamps cannot be used, because there is almost no benefit from their light, but the air heats up additionally.

Water the plantings as the topsoil dries up. Lack or excess of moisture can destroy the seedlings. To avoid this, the soil should be periodically loosened. Watering is carried out only with settled water, warmed up to room temperature.

As the seedlings grow, they need feeding. A week after the pick, you can add a solution of ammonium nitrate, potassium fertilizer and superphosphate in a ratio of 2: 1: 4 grams per 1 liter of water. After another couple of weeks, you can re-fertilize, but the amount of fertilizer per liter of water is doubled. If necessary, a third feeding is also carried out a few days before planting on the garden. The proportions are the same as for the first.

Before planting cabbage, it must be well tempered. To do this, every day it is taken out for several hours in the open air and under open sunlight. The first takeaway is done for an hour, and then the time is increased. Before disembarking, you can leave the boxes for the whole day. Watering is stopped a week before transplanting to the garden, but in no case should the plants be allowed to wither.

Growing your own seedlings is a troublesome business, but it fully justifies itself. Only in this way can you get strong and healthy seedlings of a certain variety, as well as harden it well and properly prepare it for planting in open ground. Often buying ready culture on the market, we notice that it is sick for a long time, does not take root well and subsequently does not give the proper harvest. Yes, and you can miss the mark. You can grow your own seedlings according to all the rules, harden and get the best result in terms of yield. Yes, and it initially looks much better than the purchased one.

The plant is cold-resistant, not picky, but it can also be killed low temperatures, insufficient humidity, starvation, illness. But this does not mean that the only possible way- purchase of cabbage seedlings on the market.

This is a rather risky undertaking: you may end up with the wrong variety, or, for example, the seedlings will turn out to be unviable.

It is believed that the ideal conditions for growing cabbage can be created in a greenhouse. However, even at home, on the windowsill, even a novice summer resident can do it. Of course, provided that he observes all the necessary conditions, and first of all - correctly calculate the time of planting the seeds.

Growing cabbage seedlings

Getting down to this responsible business, remember that cabbage loves light, moisture, fertile soil... Its varieties are divided into early ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening, respectively, have and different terms ripening. This means that you must sow, depending on the variety. Usually, the countdown is from the time of germination, and this occurs on the fourth or fifth day.

So consider: early varieties from germination to planting seedlings should be separated on average 45 days, medium varieties - 35
days, late - 50.

You can sow early varieties in mid-March, but you can extend the harvest time for ripe cabbage if you sow in three steps, after three to four days each.

Mid-season cabbage is planted in the twenties of April, crops are kept on the windowsill until early May, and only then they dive into a cold nursery. However, you can immediately sow in this nursery, if you cover the soil with "Lutrasil".

Late varieties are sown in early April, and later, like early cabbage, dive into cold nurseries. In this case, the plants should already have formed three to four ordinary leaves.

Suitable soil for growing cabbage

This vegetable prefers fertile and neutral soil. If you have to grow seedlings on a windowsill, do not be lazy to prepare a special soil mixture of equal parts of peat, turf and sand. It is advisable to immediately disinfect it by calcining or treat it with a 1% manganese solution. In the future, this will save the seedlings from many diseases.

The soil will be truly nutritious if you add one tablespoon of superphosphate to each bucket and dolomite flour, two tablespoons of ash. Mix the resulting mixture well and rub with your hands.

Cooking cabbage seeds for planting

First of all, do not be greedy: select only large seeds for planting.
You will save plants from infectious diseases if you prepare them correctly. To do this, place them in a gauze bag, immerse them for 20 minutes in a container with water heated to 50 degrees. Then place the seeds on a platter, cover with a cloth and place on the lower shelf of the refrigerator for 12 hours. This will speed up the germination of the grains.
And just before sowing, prepare a nutrient solution (dilute 1 teaspoon of sodium humate or liquid fertilizer "Ideal" with a liter of water) and soak the seeds overnight. In addition, it would be good to additionally disinfect the seed using biological product... In shops for summer residents, there are Fitosporin, Baktofit, Planriz for sale.
The last step in preparing seeds for sowing is to rinse them in clean water and dry.

We sow cabbage seeds for seedlings

You have prepared and filled shallow containers or boxes with potting mix beforehand. Now you need to level the ground and water it with a pink manganese solution. Make grooves 1 cm deep and plant the seeds one to two centimeters apart.

Sprinkle them with earth and cover the boxes with glass or plastic wrap... Before sprouting, do not forget to sometimes raise the shelter for ventilation.

If the room temperature is at least 20 degrees, you will see shoots in three to four days. Immediately, the boxes with plants must be transferred to a cooler place, where they will be for at least a week. During this time, remember to water and loosen the seedlings carefully.

Pickling cabbage seedlings

As soon as you notice one or two real leaves on the shoots, proceed to the pick, which will increase the feeding area, improve lighting, and strengthen the root system of the seedlings.
You can transplant into cups or pots. The first step is to cull sick and weak plants. And in healthy ones, you need to remove a third of the root and carefully plant it in prepared containers.
Further, the seedlings will take root well if they are in a heated room, at a temperature of at least 18 degrees. The temperature should be reduced to 15 - 16 degrees gradually.

How to care for cabbage seedlings?

Planting cabbage seedlings in open ground

Usually, seedlings of early cabbage are planted in open ground from April 25 to May 5. When planting, they adhere to the following scheme: 45 cm is the distance between rows, 25 cm is the distance between plants.

Late-ripening cabbage is planted later, May 10 -1 June. The planting scheme is somewhat different: between the plants - 35 cm, between the rows - 60 cm. Choose a cloudy day for planting, and if it turned out to be sunny, reschedule the work in the afternoon.

Check the seedlings again: do not plant weak and sore-looking plants. The best are strong, stocky specimens.

After planting, the seedlings are often affected by the cabbage fly, so it is advisable to treat it with a solution of karbofos (0.1%) before planting.

Pour the prepared holes with plenty of water (about a liter in each). Bury the seedlings to the real leaves.

In the first days after planting, try to spray the seedlings with water from a watering can two to three times a day. In April and May, the sun's rays are quite strong, therefore, in order to avoid burns, it is advisable to shade it at first.

Summer residents who have experience in growing seedlings at home or in a greenhouse claim that this is a rewarding business. Do not be lazy, show attentiveness and patience - and an excellent harvest is guaranteed. How can you do without cabbage? The queen of vegetable gardens contains carbohydrates and proteins, minerals, vitamins, it is good in any form - raw, sauerkraut, stewed. And if it is also grown by your own hands, and, therefore, does not contain nitrates, it has no price!

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