What fertilizers are put when planting cucumbers. What fertilizers are needed for cucumbers? Fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field and in the greenhouse

Cucumber is considered the most demanding crop in terms of soil fertility. To obtain a high yield of 30-35 kg / sq. m and more, several conditions must be met. On the one hand, the soil must contain a large amount of nutrient compounds. However, the culture does not tolerate a high concentration of elements in the substrate. Therefore, to ensure balance, cucumbers are fertilized with fertilizers. Let's take a look at their main types.

Nitrogen fertilizers for cucumbers

They are necessary for culture at almost all stages of its development. Nutrient compounds are especially relevant at the beginning of the growing season, as they contribute to the formation of leaves. It should be remembered that the use of fertilizers for cucumbers can adversely affect the condition of the fruit. For example, ammonium nitrate is undoubtedly useful for culture. However, it can accumulate in fruits as nitrates, which are harmful to humans. When choosing fertilizers for cucumbers in a greenhouse, you should focus on those in which NO3 is present. They can be used both with proper drip irrigation and spraying. If, at the beginning of growth, an excessive amount of potassium and phosphorus is added to the soil, and the N content is insufficient, this will negatively affect the state of the crop. The plants will be large, with a large number of male flowers and a small number of small ovaries. Subsequent application of the necessary fertilizer for cucumbers in the greenhouse will not correct the situation.

Phosphorus

This element is needed for cucumbers in small quantities. However, it must be done continuously. Phosphorus ensures the normal growth and functioning of the root system, the rapid growth of green mass. The main thing is to apply phosphate fertilizers on time and correctly. It is important for cucumbers to get the necessary nutrients for timely and abundant flowering. Phosphorus also ensures normal fruit set and ripening.

Potash fertilizers for cucumbers

The crop is in dire need of such mixtures, as they ensure the movement of nutrients from the root system to the rest of the plant. Potassium contributes to normal vegetative growth and fruiting. It is during active maturation that it is necessary to increase its quantity. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizers for cucumbers are applied in smaller volumes.

Cucumbers do not tolerate chlorine. It is quite often present in nutrient mixtures. However, the potassium needed by cucumbers is used in conjunction with chlorine (KCl). In order to avoid harm to plants, the mixture is applied for autumn digging. With the top open in the greenhouse, all the chlorine will be washed away by snow and rain. By spring planting, the desired element will remain in the soil.

Mineral fertilizers for cucumbers are applied in different quantities. It depends on the quality of spring and autumn digging, soil characteristics. In addition, you should pay attention to the condition of the leaves. It is not necessary to make mixtures immediately under all plants. It is advisable to feed a few bushes and look at their condition. If after a few days they feel good, then you can make mixtures for the rest of the plantings.

Excess or lack?

To determine what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers, periodic diagnostics should be carried out. There are a number of signs that indicate which element is in excess and which is lacking in culture. You can determine what fertilizers are needed for cucumbers by following the following simple instructions:

The growth of the plant stopped, a bluish tint appeared on the young leaves. These signs indicate a lack of phosphorus.
The leaves brightened and decreased, the fruits began to thicken and shorten, and their color, regardless of the variety, became pale green. In this case, there is not enough nitrogen.
Growth slowed down, a light green border appeared along the edge of old leaves, which began to spread between the veins towards the middle, the edges wrap inward, and the fruits acquired a pear-shaped shape. All these signs indicate that potash fertilizers are needed.

For cucumbers planted in unprotected soil, a different ratio of the necessary elements is required. It depends on the condition of the soil, as well as the period in which they are applied.

Fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field must be balanced. To ensure normal development and growth, you should know the recommended amount of the necessary elements. So, per plant consumed:

23 g of nitrogen.
19 - calcium.
14 - phosphorus.
5 - magnesium.
58 - potassium.

Per kilogram of fruit, you need:

2.64 g of nitrogen.
2.19 - calcium.
6.6 - potassium.
1.55 - phosphorus.
0.57 - magnesium.

The culture is characterized by a long period of absorption of nutrients. But during the formation of fruits, each bush consumes a large amount of K2O (up to 1 g) and N (up to 0.6 g). In this regard, the lack of compounds leads to a sharp decrease in yield. When choosing fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field, it is necessary to take into account the needs of plants at a particular stage of the cycle.

Plant transplant

2-3 days before planting seedlings in the greenhouse, it is advisable to sprinkle the seedlings with a solution of trace elements and add a nutrient mixture. So it will be easier for plants to survive the change of conditions and stress. For cultivation in protected ground, you can prepare a mixture of manure and soddy land. For pre-composting, it is prepared as follows:

Shift 10-15-cm layers of turf with manure (30 cm each) and sprinkle with phosphorite flour. In case of increased acidity of the soil, lime is added. Burts should be made at least 2 meters high. Every two months, the compost is shoveled, watering with slurry.

In newly commissioned greenhouses, layer-by-layer fertilization is recommended. Compost or manure is laid on the underlying layer at the rate of 25-40 kg per square meter. m and dug up to a depth of 20-25 cm. Horse (fresh) manure with sawdust is added to the loosened mixture. Such a pillow will serve as a drainage. In addition, it contributes to better nutrition of the root system. A composted mixture 25 cm thick is laid on top of the prepared layer. After that, fertilizers are applied for cucumbers. The main dressing includes a full dose of the phosphorus mixture. The rest are made in the following quantities:

Nitrogen - 0.5 doses.
Magnesium - 0.5.
Potash - 0.75.

The remaining parts should be added later.

Important point

When applying fertilizers to the main dressing, it is necessary to pay attention to the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen in the protected soil. At a young age, the culture is very sensitive to its high content. Its share should not exceed 25-30% of the total volume of nitrogen. This is especially important in winter, in heated structures. With an insufficient amount of light and carbohydrates, plantations do not use ammonia to form protein compounds and amino acids. In such cases, fertilizers for cucumbers in nitrate form should be used.

Plant nutrition

When growing cucumbers in protected soil, fertilizing is a must. It is difficult to keep a large amount of nutrients on a limited amount of land. For example, K and N are washed out very quickly. When loosening materials are added, a lot of nitrogen is required to decompose organic compounds and feed microorganisms. Phosphorus can be excluded from mixtures by adding it only to the main dressing. This is especially true for soils that have been used for more than a year. Mixing is best done in the morning. The first feeding is carried out a month after disembarkation. If there are signs of insufficient amounts of iron and magnesium, spraying is necessary. To do this, prepare a 0.1% solution of Mg sulfate and a 0.1% solution of Fe citrate (or also its sulfate).

Growing in unprotected soil

The culture develops well in fertile soil. On soddy-podzolic soil, plants should be planted in the second year after the introduction of a large amount of organic mixtures. It is not recommended to plant cucumbers in fresh manure. Although it can be made in the fall during the digging process in the amount of 5-10 kg / m 2. Mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple ones: 20 g of urea, ammophos or double superphosphate, 30 g of potassium magnesia and 20 g of potassium sulfate. This mixture is designed for 1 square. m.

When planting seedlings, two feedings should be carried out with chicken manure or mullein. The first is done 14 days after germination. The second dressing is carried out two days before planting in unprotected soil. After that, recharge is carried out every 10-15 days. Fertilizers for cucumbers before flowering should contain a lot of N. Subsequently, plants need phosphorus in large quantities. Top dressing can be carried out with complex fertilizers: nitroammophoska and "Stimul-1" (15 g each) or 30 g of a fertilizer garden mixture with trace elements without chlorine per 10 liters of mullein. However, it is not always possible to prepare such a mixture. In this case, the volume of mineral fertilizers should be increased by one and a half times.

fruiting period

In its active phase and during its attenuation, cucumbers need K and N. Feeding plants with complex soluble mixtures is very effective (20 grams per 1 m 2). This top dressing is especially good on light soils, where the crop may be deficient in magnesium. Phosphorus is needed to prolong fruiting. Superphosphate is applied before rain or watering. The second way is best. With the optimal amount of phosphorus, cucumbers also need potassium nitrate without chlorine.

If a complex mixture is not available, you can combine several simple ones. For 10 liters of water: 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia, 10 g of urea. The resulting mixture is designed for 1 square. m. All irrigation can be combined with the addition of wood ash. It is rich in calcium and potassium. For one hundred liters of water you need from 40 to 100 g of ash. Top dressing with such a solution can be carried out after rain.

A nettle infusion also has a beneficial effect on the state of the culture. The grass should be kept for a week. The infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:7. Plants are watered with a solution every other day. When cloudy weather is established during the growing season, it is recommended to carry out foliar top dressing with urea (20 grams per 10 liters of water).

Cucumber is a very healthy vegetable. Most of the vitamins and minerals that are essential for human health are absorbed by plants from the soil. Therefore, along with lighting and maintaining a certain temperature regime, cucumbers must be provided with nutrients. Fertilizers begin to be applied to the soil even before the moment of planting the seeds and finish top dressing after the fruit ripens. The vegetable grows quickly, but it has a weak root system. Feeding errors can lead to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop.

What does a plant need for normal growth?

You can find a large amount of fertilizers on the shelves of stores, but it is impossible to determine for sure whether they will bring a positive result. The exact recipe that is most suitable for feeding cucumbers has not been determined. Plant variety and soil characteristics are of particular importance in the procedure.

Each period of vegetable development requires a special approach. Therefore, top dressing of cucumbers in the greenhouse is carried out with various fertilizers, including:

nitrogen during the growing season is most needed;
potassium - with the growth of lashes;
nitrogen - during the fruiting period.

The land in which the cucumber will grow will also help determine which supplements to use.

Sandy soil usually needs potassium, boron and copper. Sod-podzolic - nitrogen and phosphorus; peaty, alkaline, carbonate - manganese.

Potassium

Often, fruits with a lack of this element narrow at a short distance from the stalk, the leaves turn yellow, then turn brown and wither.

Potassium sulphate (aqueous solution) or wood ash diluted in water will help to cope with this problem.

Nitrogen

The leaves become small and light, turn yellow and fall off. The roots die off, plant growth slows down. Flowers and ovaries die. The fruits are pointed and hooked, turning yellow and spoiling. The plant urgently needs nitrogen.

In this case, you can use not only chemical fertilizers, but also natural ones. It is necessary to collect any weed, finely chop and pour water (2 kg of plants per 10 liters of liquid). Leave the resulting mass until fermentation (about a week), and then feed the cucumbers.

To maintain a normal amount of nitrogen, chicken manure can be used.

Magnesium

With a lack of this trace element, light green spots appear on the leaves. Later, the foliage turns yellow, breaks and falls off.

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Calcium

Calcium deficiency leads to slower plant growth and premature aging of the root system. Yellow spots appear on young leaves, and the old ones turn dark green above and purple below. In addition, they become small and crooked. Cucumbers grow small and tasteless.

Bor

The lack of boron leads to the cessation of the development of the fetus and, as a result, to a distortion of its shape. Photosynthesis is suppressed and an outflow of carbohydrates occurs, as a result of which the flowers lose their ability to fertilize and fall off. The stems are shortened, the leaves become spoon-shaped.

Phosphorus

When a plant lacks phosphorus, its leaves become small and turn dark green with a purple tint.

In this case, a solution of ammophos or diammophos is used.

Iron

With a lack of iron in the plant, chlorophyll ceases to form. The vegetable grows slowly, the leaves become light green, sometimes almost white.

Too much fertilizer

Care must be taken when feeding cucumbers. Do not in any way exceed the dose of fertilizers. If there are too many of them, the appearance of the plant will tell you about it.

An excess of nitrogen - the plant forms thick, irregularly shaped stems. Leaves turn dark green.

Excess potassium - mosaic spots or a border of light yellow color appear on the leaves, which eventually turns brown and then black.

A lot of potassium leads to the formation of a mosaic structure in the leaves.

With an excess of phosphorus, the plant turns yellow, the leaves fall off.

Along with chemical top dressing, you can use rotted garbage, manure, straw, sawdust, peat and manure.

Fertilizing the soil before planting cucumbers

Chlorine lime is used to disinfect the greenhouse. A solution is preliminarily prepared in the proportion of 300 g per bucket of water. It must be infused for at least four hours. Processing is carried out with the utmost care. The solution should get on all wooden and metal structures. Glass should not be missed either. The cracks are smeared with sediment.

In autumn, the soil should be dug up. At the same time, rotted manure, compost and humus are added to it. Approximately one bucket per square meter is used. The necessary components are dolomite flour or fluff lime. These ingredients are used in the amount of half a kilogram per square meter of soil.

At the end of spring digging, the soil is saturated with the following substances:

ammonium nitrate - 30g;
potassium sulfate - 20g;
superphosphate - 30g.

After that, manganese is diluted in warm water. The resulting liquid is abundantly poured over the entire area. The solution is prepared at the rate of 10 g per bucket of water. The treated area is covered with a film, which will be removed directly during the planting of cucumbers.

How to grow delicious and beautiful cucumbers?

Top dressing of cucumbers

Top dressing of cucumbers in the greenhouse is carried out during the season from 3 to 5 times. For the first time, the plant is fed after the appearance of several leaves. For ten liters of water is taken:

double superphosphate - 20-25 g;
potassium sulfate - 15-20 g or potassium chloride - 10-15 g;
ammonium nitrate - 10 - 15 g.

This solution is enough to feed 12-15 plants.

After about three weeks, cucumbers bloom and the first ovaries form. It's time to feed the plant a second time.

A proven way is top dressing, which uses bird droppings or mullein.

Dissolve in 10 liters of water:

liquid mullein - 0.5 l and 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska.

Optionally add:

ash - 1 cup or potassium sulfate - 50 g;
boric acid - 0.5 g;
manganese sulfate - 0.3 g.

For 1 sq. m of soil used 3 liters of solution.

For the third time, cucumbers are fed after two weeks. To do this, dissolve half a tablespoon of liquid mullein in a bucket of water. Approximately 6-7 liters of fertilizer are consumed per square meter. A solution with the same composition is used after another two weeks.
In addition to organics, you can use humic fertilizers (sodium humate).
We must not forget about the system of foliar top dressing. They can be purchased at specialized stores or made independently. To do this, take 60 g of superphosphate, 30 g of potassium nitrate, 1 g of boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate, 0.1 g of zinc sulfate and dissolve in 10 liters of water.

Growing one of the most ancient and popular vegetable crops

Folk methods of feeding cucumbers:

if you add steamed peas to each well, strong cucumbers will grow. Legumes contribute to soil improvement and good seed growth of other plants;
put a fresh mullein cake in a small amount of water and stir until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Dilute with water 1:10 and feed each bush with 1 liter of solution. Then abundantly water the plant under the root. Use fertilizer twice a day;
Pour hot water over the egg shell. Water must be topped up periodically. When planting seedlings, add one spoon at a time. Very effective product, but has an unpleasant odor;
fertilizer for cucumbers in a greenhouse can be made as follows. This will require nettle, quinoa and plantain. Finely chopped herbs in the amount of 1 kg are poured with twelve liters of water, which is preheated. The resulting mixture is infused for about 24 hours. Then the cucumber plants are filtered and watered (3 liters per square meter);
Dilute 100 g of yeast in a bucket of water and insist for a day. With this solution, water the vegetables under the root;
during the period of fruit growth, cucumbers can be fertilized with urea. However, its excess can harm the plant, so it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions. 50 g of urea is poured into 10 liters of settled water. After applying the solution, abundant watering is necessary.

How to grow your favorite vegetable

Feeding cucumbers is easy. It is important not to overdo it with fertilizers and apply them in small portions, and then they will bear fruit until late autumn.

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Cucumber is a tasty and healthy vegetable widely used in salads and preserves. It is classified as a rather capricious crop, so getting a rich harvest requires following several rules for choosing a place for planting and feeding them at various stages of cultivation. Fertilizing the soil before planting cucumbers is the key to their rapid growth and active fruiting, so you should pay special attention to the preliminary preparation of the soil in the garden allotted for them.

Fertilizing cucumbers before planting allows you to get excellent yields in the future

Autumn preparation for growing cucumbers in the open field

There are different opinions regarding the method of feeding the land before planting seeds, and each summer resident independently chooses which technologies to use to fertilize the land before planting vegetables. Most gardeners are of the opinion that it is best to fertilize the soil in the area intended for growing cucumbers in the fall, since it will take several months and a large amount of moisture to completely dissolve the mineral mixture used to saturate the soil with nutrients.

Top dressing for cucumber seedlings grown by the open method is prepared taking into account the quadrature of the site, based on the calculation that for each square meter of future beds, 3-4 buckets of rotted manure, 3-4 cups of wood ash and 80-100 g of nitrophoska are required. In autumn, the mixture is evenly applied to the area, which in the spring must be dug up and covered with a 15-centimeter layer of black soil.

Quail manure is applied to the garden in autumn

Spring preparation for growing cucumbers in the open field

If it was not possible to fertilize the soil in the fall, in the spring, at least a week before planting the seeds, at the site of the future cucumber bed, it is necessary to dig a groove about 40 cm deep, fill it with overripe manure, and cover it with a 16-cm layer of fertile soil from above, after which the soil must be leveled, form sides and cover with a thick film.

Only old manure can be introduced into the soil, since fresh mullein contains highly concentrated urea and nitrogen, which can burn young cucumber sprouts. When fertilizing the soil, it is important to follow the proportions recommended by farmers, since an excessive amount of litter on the site can provoke the formation of voids in cucumber fruits and reduce yields.

Mature hay, fallen leaves or sawdust are an excellent top dressing, which, when planting cucumbers, can replace manure and fully fertilize the land. Any of these substances is brought into the prepared groove, compacted and covered with fertile soil, on which beds can already be formed.

In cases where it is not possible to fertilize the soil in advance before sowing cucumbers, 3-4 days before planting the seeds, the earth must be sprinkled with ash mixed with superphosphate in the proportion: 2 tablespoons of fertilizer per 1 cup of ash, after which one bucket of humus is applied to the soil and rotten sawdust. Then the treated area is dug up and watered with 3-4 liters of humate solution prepared from 1 tbsp. tablespoons of the concentrate of this fertilizer and 10 liters. water. This amount of top dressing is enough to process 1 square. garden meters. After all the manipulations, the soil is covered with a film to warm the earth.

In addition to the feed made by the gardeners themselves, ready-made complex fertilizers based on phosphorus and nitrogen, such as ammophos or diammophos, are also used. Due to the high mobility in the soil and easy solubility, phosphorus-nitrogen growth stimulants can be applied immediately before planting cucumbers.

Diammophos is suitable for fertilizing cucumbers before planting

Planting cucumbers in a greenhouse

Most often, cucumber seedlings are planted in greenhouses, which have 4-5 true leaves. Usually such a number of leaves appear in the third week after the seeds hatch. Growing seedlings includes:

seed heating;
moisturizing and fertilizing cucumber seeds;
cooling;
placing seeds in pots.

Seeds intended for growing seedlings are kept for a month in a warm room at a temperature not lower than + 25 ° C, which will allow in the future to get a friendly shoot, earlier fruiting and a minimum amount of barren flowers. Before sprouting, heated cucumber seeds must be placed for an hour in a disinfectant solution made from 100 g of cool water and 30 g of garlic pulp.

After the destruction of pathogenic microbes, the seeds are folded for 12 hours in a tissue flap soaked in a nutrient solution, for the preparation of which you will need 1 tablespoon of water, 1 teaspoon of fine wood ash and the same amount of nitrophoska.

Then the grains are placed on a damp cloth, where they are kept for 2 days at a temperature of about + 20 ° C. When the seeds are swollen and slightly hatched, they are transferred to the refrigerator for 24 hours. These manipulations allow you to harden future shoots. Note that the seeds of hybrid varieties of cucumbers do not need pre-sowing preparation.

For growing cucumber seedlings, small containers 10-12 cm high are used, filled with a nutrient soil mixture. This substance is obtained from 1 part of decayed sawdust, 2 parts of humus and 2 parts of peat. 10 liters of blanks for the soil mixture are fertilized with 1.5 tablespoons of nitrophoska and 2 tablespoons of wood ash. 1 germinated seed is placed in 1 pea. Seedlings are watered at least once a week. The presence of intense lighting is a prerequisite for the normal growth of cucumber seedlings.

Before planting seedlings of cucumbers, the ground must be disinfected with potassium permanganate and sprinkled with phosphate fertilizer

You can plant seedlings in greenhouse soil 27-30 days after sowing. Immediately before planting, the sprout must be fertilized with a solution obtained by mixing 3 liters of water and 3 teaspoons of nitroammophoska or nitrophoska.

Cucumber shoots are planted in warm soil, previously watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and sprinkled with a teaspoon of any phosphate fertilizer. When planting between seedlings, it is necessary to maintain an interval of 30-35 cm. This distance is sufficient for the full growth of the cucumber root system.

Features of recharge of various types of soil

You can fertilize depleted or clay soil with a mixture made from 5-6 kg of mullein, 30 g of superphosphate, 18 g of potassium magnesia and 50 g of nitroammophoska, which can be replaced with 18 g of ammonium nitrate. All components of the fertilizer are thoroughly mixed and evenly applied to a planting area of 1 sq. m. Also, before planting cucumbers, 5 g of granulated superphosphate is poured into each meter of the garden.

For full development on sandy loamy soil, cucumber sprouts require additional fertilizers in the form of magnesium, therefore, when planting seedlings and seeds on such soils, the earth is enriched with appropriate organo-mineral mixtures.

Potassium magnesia - fertilizer for clay and depleted soils

Important to remember

For planting cucumbers, it is better to choose slightly darkened personal plots. The soil allotted for planting this crop should be thoroughly fertilized and warmed up with a film. Seeds must be pre-soaked and subjected to disinfection treatment in order to avoid the development of various diseases.

Remember, cucumbers "love" phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, as well as abundant watering.

Tasty and healthy cucumbers, being far from the most whimsical vegetable crop, have special requirements for the composition of the soil, and more precisely, for the content of nutrients in it. For this reason, feeding cucumbers with fertilizers is an integral part of caring for this plant. The lack of one or another mineral or trace element will certainly affect the appearance of the plant - a plaque will appear on the leaves, they will turn yellow and dry out, the fruits will have a deformed shape. To prevent this, it is necessary to apply fertilizers in a timely manner, and it's time to do this at the planting stage.

Need for potassium

When planting cucumbers in the spring, it is necessary to take care of fertilizing the soil in advance, namely three weeks before the planned planting of seeds, evenly distributing them over the surface of the soil. Along with mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers, usually represented by humus, are also used in this period of time.

Potassium fertilizers are of great importance for the correct formation of cucumbers, their full further growth and improvement of the taste characteristics of fruits. The most common and popular potash fertilizers used during the planting period of cucumbers are potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, urea, double or granular superphosphate, potassium chloride.

Essential nitrogen

The most important chemical component, which must also be introduced into the soil when planting cucumbers, is nitrogen. You need to know that insufficient nitrogen supply when planting this vegetable crop with an increased concentration of potash and phosphorus fertilizers can lead to the formation of an insufficient number of ovaries on flowers and the predominance of male flowers over female ones.

Interestingly, even if in the future to fully satisfy the need for cucumbers in nitrogen, this will not correct the current state of affairs. This is important to remember.

A little about phosphorus

Also, when planting cucumbers, it is necessary to enrich the soil with phosphate fertilizers. This microelement is necessary for cucumbers at all stages of their development, from planting seeds to harvesting.

Phosphorus contributes to the full functioning of the root system. It also ensures timely flowering and normal fruit set.

Popular dressings

Well proven chicken manure. When planting plants, many gardeners add chicken manure diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 to the soil, rich not only in bioactive components, but also in such chemical components as zinc, boron, cobalt.

The second remedy is wood ash. The introduction of wood ash into the soil when planting cucumbers contributes to the creation of optimal conditions for the vital activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, which will continuously fertilize the soil, leaving their waste products in it. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that in no case should you combine top dressing of tomatoes with ash and nitrogen-containing fertilizers, since when these components interact, the effectiveness of such top dressing is reduced to zero.

Those that have surfaced are removed, and those that have settled to the bottom are left, dried, and after a couple of years they are used for sowing. At the end of May, the seeds are sown. By this time, the soil should warm up to 12 - 13 ° C.

The normal consumption is 1g. per 1 m2. In this case, the distance between the seeds is 3-5 cm. You can sow the seeds earlier to increase the fruiting period. But in this case, there is a risk that the crops will die due to frost.

For early sowing, dry seeds are used. When conditions are favorable, they will swell on their own and begin to germinate. Folk omens say that the best time for planting is when dandelions bloom and the petals of apple flowers fall off.

The culture does not tolerate thickening, so the density of sowing should be strictly observed.

Cucumber care - watering

Cucumbers require regular watering. The best time for it is the second half of the day. It is better to water from a watering can in small doses. The water must first be heated in the sun. Watering with cold water can cause various diseases of the plant.

The rate of watering depends on the weather conditions, the condition of the plants and the composition of the soil. When flowering begins, watering is stopped for a while. In a slightly increased volume, it is renewed at the beginning of fruiting.

If the feeding of cucumbers is organic, then it is slurry or chicken manure. After fertilizing, water the plants with water to wash off the previously used substances from them.

Urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate - this is what cucumbers should be fed during a cold snap. These cucumber fertilizers are sprayed with a hand sprayer.

fruit picking

soil for cucumbers

Cucumbers are ground and salad (long). You can grow cucumbers in open ground, but it is better in greenhouses and greenhouses. Cucumber is a climbing plant that can be grown in a creeping form or on a trellis, which significantly increases the yield.

Cucumber is a very moisture-loving and heat-loving plant. Ideally, it is better to grow cucumbers in different greenhouses, because. Cucumbers prefer moist heat, while tomatoes like dry air. With a lack of moisture in the soil and air, as well as at cold temperatures, greens can stop growing. ( discussion of the features of growing vegetables)

Cucumber is picky about light, when grown in open ground it prefers places protected from the wind and.

6.4-7.0, acidic soils are not suitable for cucumber, they are necessary.

Cucumbers love watering. With a lack of moisture, the leaves of cucumbers darken, become brittle. With an excess of moisture, they are pale green. Cucumber needs watering, especially during the period of mass fruit formation.

Do not rush with the first watering of cucumbers, then it will have a more powerful stem, short internodes and a good root system. Watering is carried out with partial drying of the soil, without delay. Water for irrigation should be at least + 18 ° C. Due to lack of moisture and temperature fluctuations, cucumbers become bitter.

Cucumber seeds can be sown dry, but better.

Cucumbers should be planted in rich soil. In autumn or spring, 10-15 kg of organic fertilizers (per 1 m2) are applied to the garden. Mineral fertilizers are scattered in the spring 3 weeks before sowing or planting cucumber seedlings in the amount of 10 g of nitrogen, 12 g of phosphorus, 12 g of potassium.

The first dressing of cucumbers is carried out in the phase of 1-2 true leaves, but with good development of the seedlings, you can feed them later. To do this, dilute 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium salt and 10 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water. (for 10-15 plants). The second dressing of cucumbers is done 15 days after the first, doubling the amount of dissolved fertilizers. The solution should not fall on the green parts of the plants. On poor soils and with poor growth of cucumbers (or instead of the second top dressing), they can be fed with a solution or chicken manure with the addition. With a lack of nutrition, cucumbers drop all ovaries, their leaves turn yellow. With a lack of nutrition, the fruits of the cucumber are deformed: the pear-shaped shape of the cucumber indicates a lack of potassium in the soil, the narrowed brightened curved tip (like a beak) is a symptom of a lack of nitrogen, a cucumber with a "waist" - differences in day and night temperatures or watering with cold water, crooked, arched cucumbers may result from cross-pollination of different hybrids or the reason for irregular watering - "sometimes empty, sometimes thick."

The best precursors for cucumber are green manure, cabbage, onion, tomato

You can not plant a cucumber in the garden after plants of the pumpkin family

Planting time and growing cucumber seedlings Seeds germinate at +12 - +15 °С. Shoots appear on the 6th day.

Cucumbers can be grown through, then the seeds are sown in the substrate at the end of April, and the seedlings are planted in the garden at the end of May. The substrate for seedlings of cucumbers is made up of soddy land, humus, mullein (2: 7: 1). You can use soil from peat and mullein (4: 1). 30 g of ammonium nitrate or urea, 20 g of superphosphate, 6 g of potassium salt, 30 g of lime are added to a bucket of soil mixture. Growing cucumbers in open ground is effective when planting them there with 25-30 day old seedlings (2-3 true leaves). In the early days for seedlings, a temperature of + 20-25 ° C is required, in the future - + 20-22 ° C during the day, 15-16 ° C at night. Cucumbers do not tolerate transplants well, so it is better to plant them immediately in separate containers (10-12 cm in diameter) without intermediate ones. Cucumber seedlings are planted in the ground at the age of 25-30 days in the phase of 4-5 true leaves. 10 days after germination, cucumber seedlings are fed with slurry (1:1) or bird droppings (1:10), adding 20 g of superphosphate per 1 a bucket of solution. 1-2 days before planting cucumber seedlings in the ground, they are fed by dissolving 15 g of urea, 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium fertilizers in 10 liters of water (consumption of 10 liters of solution per 2 m?). A week before planting seedlings harden, gradually accustoming to sunlight, cool air and wind. For the prevention of diseases, it is useful to treat cucumber seedlings with epin or immunocytophyte. If you sow cucumber seeds directly into open ground, this must be done in early June, but for reliability it is better to cover the seedlings with a film or lutrasil. At a temperature of +20°C, flowering will occur 10 days later than at +27°C. At temperatures of 32 ° C, the development of cucumber is inhibited.

The scheme of planting cucumbers in open ground - 20x100 cm.

The scheme for planting cucumbers in a greenhouse is 80x60 cm. A cucumber should grow in warm, warm soil, so it is better to grow it on a height of 25 cm. It is better to orient cucumber beds from east to west, arranging a slight slope to the south.

Seeds of cucumber close up to a depth of 2-3 cm.

Germination of cucumber seeds is better after 2-4 years of storage.

: anthracnose, powdery mildew, root rot, white rot, bacteriosis, cucumber mosaic, melon aphid, whitefly, slugs, spider mite. They will help to cope with many problems, but it is better to choose disease-resistant cucumber varieties.

Many plants in joint plantings are able to take care of their neighbors and them.

Cucumbers need frequent watering, fertilizing and several hillings per season, which stimulates the formation of additional roots. Ground cucumbers are usually pinched over the 5-6th leaf to stimulate the formation of lateral lashes. In greenhouse cucumbers, the lateral lashes are regularly pinched over the first ovary. To simplify care and improve the temperature and water conditions, cucumber beds are better.

It is necessary to remove excess fruits that have reached 5-7 cm so that no more than 10-18 cucumbers remain on one plant. Cucumbers love high humidity, for which they can be sprayed, but it is also impossible to overdo it in this matter because of the risk of various fungal diseases. When growing cucumbers in greenhouses, regular ventilation is necessary. To increase the yield and improve pollination, it is necessary to attract pollinating insects to the garden, for which the plant during flowering can be sprayed with a solution of sugar (100 g) and boric acid (2 g) per 1 liter of hot water. Also nearby you can hang jars with a solution of honey (1 teaspoon per 1 glass of water). In order to avoid poisoning of insect pollinators during the flowering of the garden, spraying with pesticides is not used.

Cucumber varieties for open ground: Altai early 166, Vyaznikovsky 37, Murom 36, Graceful,

Cucumber varieties for growing in greenhouses: Magnificent, Manul, April, Druzhny, MOVIR-1, Cucumber variety for a balcony and growing on a windowsill

Cucumber farming. To obtain a rich and high-quality crop, you need to create all the necessary conditions - light, heat and moisture. The soil should be rich in humus.

Soil preparation and planting cucumbers

Well-lit areas of land should be allocated for planting cucumbers. They must be filled with organic fertilizers. In the fall, after the harvest has been carried out, you need to dig up the soil.

In spring, the soil surface is leveled with a rake. This helps to reduce evaporation and remove weeds from the site. In May, mineral and organic fertilizers are applied. For 1 m2; use 10-15 kg.

Compost or manure, 20 g of urea, 30 g of superphosphate, as well as 20 g of potassium sulfate or 10 g of potassium chloride. It is advisable to use not fresh, but already old seeds. 2-4 years of age. Such seeds are more productive.

They are able to form more female-type flowers, and, consequently, more ovaries. Seeds can be sorted before sowing. To do this, they are placed in a saline solution, and left for a while.

In this case, the distance between the seeds is 3-5 cm. You can sow the seeds earlier to increase the fruiting period. But in this case, there is a risk that the crops will die due to frost. For early sowing, dry seeds are used.

When conditions are favorable, they will swell on their own and begin to germinate. Folk omens say that the best time for planting is when dandelions bloom and the petals of apple flowers fall off. The culture does not tolerate thickening, so the density of sowing should be strictly observed.

Cucumber care - watering

Cucumbers require regular watering. The best time for it is the second half of the day. It is better to water from a watering can in small doses.

The water must first be heated in the sun. Watering with cold water can cause various diseases of the plant. The rate of watering depends on the weather conditions, the condition of the plants and the composition of the soil. When flowering begins, watering is stopped for a while.

In a slightly increased volume, it is renewed at the beginning of fruiting.

The best fertilizers for cucumbers - how to feed cucumbers at different periods of their cultivation

Competent care for cucumbers cannot be imagined without top dressing. After thinning, the plants should be fed with organic and mineral fertilizers, which should be diluted in water. It can be urea or ammonium nitrate.

If the feeding of cucumbers is organic, then it is slurry or chicken manure. After fertilizing, water the plants with water to wash off the previously used substances. Urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate are what cucumbers should be fed with during the cooling period. These cucumber fertilizers are sprayed with a hand sprayer.

fruit picking

About two months after planting, the plant begins to bear fruit. From this point on, it is necessary to collect greens in a timely manner. Not only marketable fruits are harvested, but also diseased, overripe and damaged ones.

Otherwise, they will deplete the plant and interfere with the formation of new ovaries. It is unacceptable to tear off, pull and pull the whips. To collect, press the stem with your thumb.

How to fertilize the soil in the garden for cucumbers

Preparing beds in a greenhouse for planting cucumbers

After cultivation, we begin to prepare the garden for planting cucumber

Fertilizers for cucumbers in the open field

cucumbers grow well in fertile soil. On soddy-podzolic soils, they should be planted in the second year after abundant application of organic fertilizers to the soil.

For a short growing season, the culture needs to form a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of fruits. Planting cucumbers on fresh manure is not recommended due to strong vegetation to the detriment of fruiting. Although fresh manure in the amount of 5-10 kg per 1 m2 can be applied under the predecessor or in the fall when digging the soil.

Carbon dioxide, which is released during the decomposition of fresh manure, significantly improves the physical properties of the soil. The main organic fertilizer for cucumbers can be considered semi-rotted manure, which is applied for spring digging of the soil, in rows when sowing seeds or in holes when planting seedlings. For these purposes, you can also use spent greenhouse soil, compost mixture, humus soil or well-decomposed peat. sowing or in the holes when planting seedlings, as well as in top dressing.

In all cases, a complete mineral fertilizer is added to the organic fertilizer: 90 g of nitrophoska or 50 g of nitroammophoska. Complete mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture of simple fertilizers, taking 20 g of urea, double superphosphate or ammophos, 20 g of potassium sulfate or 30 g of potassium magnesia per 1 m2 . On acidic soils, liming should be carried out (preferably for the previous crop) by adding 300-500 g of dolomite flour per 1 m2 of the plot. You can apply the following set of fertilizers for the culture: 3 kg of humus and peat, 2 kg of sawdust to loosen the soil, 40 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt per 1 m2 of land.

Fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the plot and embedded in the soil to a depth of 20 cm by digging. If, when sowing, granular superphosphate (5 g per 1 m2) is added to the rows, you can quickly get an early harvest of cucumbers. Powdered superphosphate must first be mixed with humus.

Potash fertilizers during spring tillage can be replaced with wood ash at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 m2. Cucumbers in central Russia are usually grown through seedlings, which are fed twice with mullein (1: 8) or chicken droppings (1: 10). The first feeding with a liquid solution is carried out 2 weeks after emergence. The second feeding is given 2 days before planting seedlings, adding 15 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate and 20 g of superphosphate to 10 liters of mullein or bird droppings.

The consumption of the solution is 1 cup per 2 plants. After planting the cucumbers in a permanent place in the ground, it is necessary to feed them every 10-15 days, combining them with watering. Before flowering, cucumbers mainly need nitrogen to promote stem growth and leaf formation.

For nitrogen top dressing, 1 liter of mullein or 10 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water. At the beginning of flowering, when applying liquid top dressing based on mullein, microfertilizers are added to the solution (1 tablet per 1 liter of solution). You can also prepare an aqueous solution consisting of 10 liters of water, 0.5 g of boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate and 0.1 g of zinc sulfate. they often lack magnesium.

Therefore, from the moment the buds are formed and throughout the entire flowering period, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding of plants, using a complete fertilizer. To do this, 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia are added to 10 liters of mullein solution.

The consumption of the solution is 200-250 ml per plant. The following complex fertilizers can also be used for top dressing: 25 g of nitroammophoska, Stimul-1 or 30 g of garden fertilizer mixture with trace elements, but without chlorine, per 10 l of mullein solution. The consumption of the solution is 1 liter for 4-5 plants.

If it is not possible to prepare a fertilizer solution based on mullein, the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased by 1.5 times. During the period of active fruiting and when it is fading, cucumbers need nitrogen-potassium fertilizers. Fertilizing with a soluble complex fertilizer (20 g per 1 m2), which is especially useful on light soils, where plants may lack magnesium, gives a good effect. l of water). To prolong the fruiting period, phosphorus fertilization will be required.

Superphosphate can be applied before watering or rain, but is best with irrigation water. With a sufficient supply of phosphorus, it is useful for cucumbers to feed with potassium nitrate, which does not contain chlorine that is bad for cucumbers.

In the absence of complex fertilizer, you can apply a mixture of simple fertilizers, diluting 10 g of urea and 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia in 10 liters of water and spending the resulting amount of fertilizer per 1 m2 of soil. All irrigation of cucumbers can be combined with the introduction of wood ash - a supplier of potassium and calcium (from 40 to 100 g of ash per 10 liters of water). Top dressing with ashes can also be carried out after rain. A beneficial effect on cucumbers is provided by top dressing with nettle infusion of weekly exposure. The infusion should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7 and water the plants every other day.