Which lamp to choose. How to choose an LED lamp? How to choose by the number of bulbs
When choosing it, you must take into account all the nuances that directly determine how convenient and safe it will be to use the device.
Few people think, but the wrong table lamp can easily burn down your house or cripple the health of a child. To prevent this from happening, when buying, you should know the main points and mistakes that are responsible for safety and affect your vision.
It is difficult to name an incorrectly selected lamp, except as a hidden instrument of torture.
Support or lamp base
When choosing, first of all, pay attention to the lamp support. It can be of two types:
- brilliant
- matte
If it is shiny, then such a base reflects most of the light. The light first falls on the leg, and then bounces off you or your child in the eyes. 
This greatly harms the retina of the eye and its crystal. If you bought such a lamp and use it from 3 to 6 months, every day, for several hours, then your vision during this period may fall by several diopters.
Therefore, the base and leg should always be made of matte material.
This will help to avoid glare and damage to vision. 
By the way, requirements matte surface, applies equally to the desktop. 
Cannot be used together table lamp and Plexiglas or other glass materials.
Case color
When a student or an adult works at a desk for a long time, the bright color of the desk lamp itself is an additional irritant. This contributes to the fact that the eyes strain even more. 
As a result, in just six months of such a neighborhood, your eyesight may drop significantly. If it is a shiny support, it gives a negative effect immediately - work under such lighting for a couple of minutes and then look into the distance, see for yourself.
Then the bright, glossy color of the case, for example, the same support leg, although it will already be plastic, will affect at least a few months of use.
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Therefore, a good lamp should be a neutral color - gray, beige, dark.
Plus, it shouldn't glare. 
Shade shape
In no case should the light bulb in the lighting device be extended beyond the ceiling, i.e. stuck out. 
In this case, she will definitely "hit in the eyes." Ophthalmologists say that both the lens of the eye and the retina are strained this way.
Therefore, in an ideal model, the light bulb should be completely hidden in the ceiling. And the ceiling itself has the shape of a trapezoid with wide cone edges.
In this case, the width of the light beam will be approximately 40 degrees. This guarantees optimal illumination, and at the same time ensures that the light is directed precisely to the object, without any effect on your eyes.
There are flat shades that scatter light well. 
Such models are good for creating subdued lighting throughout the room, but not for reading or working at the table.
Visual acuity with such a ceiling will also decrease, and the eyes will get tired.
Heating temperature
If you have chosen a luminaire with a thin plastic shade, less than 2mm thick, there is a high probability that it will start to melt if it is continuously operated for more than 3 hours. 
This is also affected by the proximity of the location of the light bulb itself from the walls of the ceiling. And if the case is metal, does the thickness of its walls play a role?
Of course yes! The heating temperature of a thin metal ceiling can reach such temperatures that you can easily fry sausages or scrambled eggs on the lamp. 
Now think about it, because your child's fingers can touch such a hot body. What will happen to them?
Actually this is not lighting fixture, and the likeness of a frying pan. Therefore, buy models made of thick metal or plastic.
The minimum distance between the incandescent bulb and the walls of the ceiling must be at least 5 cm. 
And the thickness of its walls is more than 2 mm. 
Glass ceiling
If the glass of the table lamp is of poor quality, then the body can simply crack. 
Moreover, these fragments will injure you and your children at the time of being at the desktop.
In addition, such models are easily damaged by simply moving them from one room to another, or by accidentally hitting them. 
And the children's room is also a place for active games and fun for your child.
Glow color and light bulb power
Ophthalmologists recommend choosing ordinary yellowish bulbs for table lamps. 
The fact is that our eyes are naturally accustomed to the sun. Therefore, it is this shade that will have a minimal effect on vision.
It is the most natural and natural for all of us. 
White color with a slight blueness from energy-saving light bulbs will cause not only discomfort, but also be accompanied by intramuscular spasms of the optic nerve, due to flicker that is imperceptible at first glance. 
As for power, always read the instructions. It should be clearly stated in it how many watts of light bulbs can be screwed in for this type of lamp.
It is not uncommon for an overheated light bulb to explode right inside the base. 
What power can be used safely?
For conventional incandescent lamps, this is a maximum of 40-60W.
No need to screw 100 watt copies there. Excessive light output can cause irritation and dry eye syndrome.
For LED, power values are in the range from 7 to 11W. 
Incorrectly chosen angle of incidence of light, height from the desktop surface can also lead to:
- to rapid fatigue
- retinal dystrophy
If you and your children are right-handed, position the lamp so that it is on your left side. 
If it's left-handed, then right-handed. This will help to avoid disturbing shadows when reading and writing. 
The lamp itself should be positioned so that your face is in the shadow of the light of the lamp, but no further than 40-50 cm from the book you are reading. 
This is adjustable by the height and bend of the tripod. 
Short specimens below 35 cm will not properly distribute the light output.
Also remember a very important thing: the presence of a table lamp, no matter how powerful it is, in no way cancels the general light.
That is, a chandelier or Spotlights on the ceiling in the room, must be lit. It's connected with physiological mechanism our vision. 
When the surroundings are dark, the pupil tends to expand in order to "absorb" more light. You turn on the lamp and at that very moment, the eye receives a very bright local beam that hits the retina directly.
This leads to irreversible changes. And general lighting:
- first, it constricts the pupil
- secondly, it allows you to reduce the power of the lamp itself
LED table lamp
AT recent times for changing conventional lamps, LED models have come. They have a number of advantages:
- more environmentally friendly
- consume less electricity
- do not contain mercury, unlike energy-saving
- have a huge resource of work - up to 50,000 hours
- safe for the eyes
Luminescent energy-saving devices often blink and flicker, which invariably affects vision problems.
When buying an LED table lamp, you need to clearly understand what tasks you will use it for. For those who have to read or write a lot on paper, such as a schoolboy or student, lamps with warm white or just white glow (3500-5000K) are best suited. 
White light will also be ideal for office work. It is believed that it helps to better concentrate and increase productivity. 
Therefore, if you are an employer or a boss, and you want your employees not to idle and fall asleep at the table, buy just such models.
But lamps with cold light are useful for working with small details- watchmaker, manicurist, engraver. 
In general, here you need to make a choice, you need a lamp for work or "for the soul." With those for the soul, everything is much simpler. 
This is the usual decorative element interior and especially bother with some parameters is not necessary. 
There are already certain requirements for "working" lamps. When buying a Led model, you get a luminaire with integrated LEDs, i.e. the light source stays with you once and for all. 
So, it is highly desirable that they be provided with additional functionality. After all, you cannot reduce or increase the level of illumination by simply replacing a 60W bulb with a 40W one or vice versa, as in conventional models.
Another important point is the dimming function. With it, the light can be made either brighter or dimmer. Most importantly, check that the light bulbs are adapted for this function.
In general, correctly selected modern LED lamps open up many opportunities for you and make life much more comfortable.
The main types of household lamps, how to choose chandeliers, ceiling, desktop devices, sconces, floor lamps and table lamps, LED lamps.
The professional secret of an experienced interior designer, a kind of win-win chip, always becomes a game with light.
The correct arrangement of lamps, chandeliers, sconces, floor lamps, various lights and lamps is the last winning stroke in the artist's work. This can only be compared to breathing life into people's dwellings.
Lamps have never been perceived only as a functional item necessary for illuminating a home. Equally important was their aesthetic value.
Man has long understood that the frame of the light source itself should be beautiful:
Modern manufacturers of lighting equipment do not forget their roots, rely on traditions, study and continue the work of their ancestors.
The most recognized brands in our time are deservedly considered: Elektrostandard, Eurosvet, Lightstar, Odeon Light, Italux, Nowodvorski and others.
The main types of household lamps
It must be said that abundance often delivers more problems than the lack of something.
When eyes run up from diversity, it is very difficult to choose a lamp for your own home.
What if you like almost everyone? It remains to pragmatically sort out the lighting products of the modern market.
Chandeliers and ceiling lights
It is impossible to imagine a living room or dining room, fireplace Hall or common room rest without this attribute.
Interior styles are changing, some elements of the decor of the chandelier are changing with them, but the classic appearance hanging lamp remained unchanged for many centuries.
It is represented by several separate light sources, united by a common base.
According to the method of fastening, they distinguish:
Of course, a bunk will look funny Crystal Chandelier in a small kitchen, and in the open spaces of the living room it will simply be lost delicate flower Murano glass.
Let's try to find the best solution:
- Kitchen. Small shades, horizontal (vertical) arrangement of the structure, materials resistant to high humidity. Attractive chandeliers in the form of a ball or hemisphere.
- Living room, dining room. Traditional multi-track crystal or porcelain designs, tiffany chandeliers, modern cubic and spherical glass and metal designs will do.
- Hallway. Choose options for the horizontal arrangement of light bulbs so that you cannot hook them with your hands. The main condition for designers is that the entrance hall does not tolerate pretentiousness and complexity of design.
- Hall. In the interstairwell of a private house it will look perfect cascading chandelier. It will serve as both a decoration and a source of illumination.
- Bathroom. Wood and rust-prone metal will have to be excluded due to the high humidity of the room. Plastic, porcelain, glass, crystal - the choice of the owner. Scattered light from a frosted ceiling - The best decision for ceiling lighting bathroom.
- Bedroom. Bizarre shape, extraordinary color solution fit in this room like nowhere else. The rest is a matter of preference and style.
- Children's. Everyone well-known manufacturer develops a children's line. Don't forget about it. Read on the topic -.
Sconces and wall lamps
General lighting is necessary, but sometimes you want to have a personal light source.
A cozy atmosphere is created by sconces scattered on the walls, as if by chance they were next to a coffee table or at arm's length from the head of the bed.
Local lighting devices in the apartment are divided into:
Floor lamps and table lamps
To appliances spot lighting The apartment space also includes lamps on a leg: floor lamps - on a long one, table lamps - on a short one.
undeservedly forgotten, last years they are at the peak of their popularity. And not by chance.
The functionality of portable lamps does not end only with the illumination of a certain area of the room:
- They are mobile. The floor lamp and table lamp can be easily moved to wherever this moment backlight is needed.
- They are decorative. Interior designers have not yet fully used the potential of these lamps in creating the necessary style, accentuating space.
- They create comfort. Nostalgia is the reason for this or something else, but psychologically we are drawn to the corner where floor lamps or table lamps are located, especially when we return home completely exhausted at the end of the day.
The best use of portable lamps is to install them near coffee table, in the library, in the fireplace room, in the office, in the coffee area in the kitchen, next to the lounge chair.
In any apartment, it is simply necessary to have, if not both items, then at least a table lamp.
Let it stand on the sideboard in the living room and play a decorative role until the moment when it can show you its lighting qualities.
LED lamps
Volumes have been written about the positive aspects of the “ice”, as the people have already called them, chandeliers and sconces, but very sparingly about the minuses.
Let's try to objectively evaluate the LED-lamps in the interior of our home:
- The service life is advertised up to 50 thousand hours of operation. This is about 6 years of continuous lighting. Nobody checked, there was no need in everyday life. But frequent switching on and off negatively affects the longevity of the LED light bulb. Therefore, when installing in apartments, you need to keep this in mind. It is better to use such lamps in rooms where it is not customary to constantly use the switch.
- The spectrum of the light bulb is not always favorable for vision. Only famous brands achieved natural warmth yellow color led lighting. Cheap examples of unknown origin illuminate the space with a caustic bluish or blinding white light. If you stay in a room with such lighting for a short time, then there will be no health consequences. However, tired eyes from the day will notify you of the wrong lighting quickly. Read on the topic -.
- Low electricity consumption. This is the real truth. You can use the lamp for as long as you like, it will have little effect on the bills. Let's calculate the price for the light bulbs, the rest is a gain.
- High environmental friendliness. No objections. But other bulbs are not seen in damage. environment unless broken fluorescent lamp, which indeed contains harmful substances. Why break it up?
It is difficult to understand the numerous parameters when faced with the question of choosing a quality LED lamp for the first time. Consider the main parameters and choose LED lamp, as well as determine the important parameters that contribute to the long life of the lamp and easy operation. When it comes to choosing the best LED fixture, spotlight, lamp, chandelier, armstrong or office fixture, consider the following tips:
- Power consumption, Watt (W). The higher the power, the more the selected lamp consumes electricity. However, high power does not mean high brightness.
- Light brightness is measured in lumens. Ranges are not allowed. (incorrect: 2000-2500 lm, correct: 2000 lm). The efficiency of high-quality LEDs is 90–120 lm/W. When talking about brightness, Watts are sometimes indicated (for example, a lamp with a brightness of 30 W.). Because of different types It is not always possible to understand the brightness of a lamp by watts. The table for converting lumens to watts is given below:
To select an LED lamp for power, it is necessary to divide the power of the replaced incandescent lamp by about 8.
How many lumens and what is the luminous flux in the lamp? For example, 700 lm = 8 W led lamp= 15W fluorescent = 60W incandescent bulbs.
- Light temperature (color). Warm (yellow light) - 3000 K, neutral (medium) - 4000 K, cold (white) - 5000 K, 6000 K, 7000 K. Without ranges, it should be (3000 K, not 3000-4000 K). By choosing the parameters of the LED lamp, you will get a uniform color, and not a zebra and white-yellow stripes. For an apartment, warm colors of 3000 K - 4000 K are suitable, and for an office, shop, shopping center, warehouse, plant or factory choose raster lamps of colder tones 4000 K - 6000 K.
- The lamp/luminaire uses a high-quality driver (power supply) manufactured by Philips, Invertek, OPPLE. Drivers often fail in fixtures, not LEDs. The driver will tell you which LED lamps to choose.
- Light-emitting diodes of the best world manufacturers of light-emitting diodes in the lamp: CREE (USA), Philips Lumileds Lighting (USA) or LG (South Korea). After 1 year, cheap LEDs change color, a blue tint appears and the brightness of the lamp drops.
- The flickering of light is not higher than 1%, and the absence is better completely. Flicker is dangerous and damages eyesight. Pay attention to the parameter when choosing an office lamp or LED lamp for the home. Very important for industrial enterprises, factories and plants.
- Warranty for the lamp is at least 2 years, and preferably 5 years. The lamp can work without problems for 5-15 years. Permanent repair of the selected office lamp during the warranty period will create additional costs, including reputational ones. Choose quality products right away.
- Availability of valid European certificates CB (EEC), TÜV (Germany) or STÜ (Switzerland). Certificates will confirm the declared by the seller technical specifications lamp. According to the verified parameters, it will not be difficult to choose an LED lamp.
- Does not create glare and reflections. Optical elements answer (lenses for each LED in the luminaire for the optimal opening angle and light distribution). When choosing a ceiling LED lamp (raster) for the office, it is important that there is no glare for the comfort of working all day.
- Color rendering (CRI) not less than 80 Ra. The higher the color rendering, the better. Important for designers and architects.
- The generalized indicator of discomfort (UGR) is not higher than 16. The smaller the UGR, the more pleasant it is to work under the lamp and the less it creates discomfort and glare. It is important for those who work with drawings and texts, for example, an accountant.
- LED lights must have electronic ies files. They allow you to build a 3D model of the room and accurately calculate the illumination and find out the number and location of lamps in the room.
- High quality packaging of the luminaire (thick multi-layer fluting cardboard, the presence of a foam mold, moisture protection and other means of preserving the luminaire). Packaging guarantees safety during transportation of the LED lamp. When choosing street or industrial LED lamps and large batches, the rejection rate will decrease.
- The factory has established a multi-stage quality control, production is certified (ISO). Certification of the plant guarantees the stability of the quality of the products.
- The factory is testing each LED lamp before sending. Confidence in everyone lamp quality.
- The brand of the company and the factory have existed for at least 15-20 years, the products are in demand in other countries, and the factory area is at least 100,000 sq.m. and the number of employees is not less than 2,000 people. You can come to the factory and see the production with your own eyes.
- Dust and moisture protection class. IP20 is enough for office or home. IP44 is required for bathroom, bath, sauna, and IP 65-66 is required for street, factory, industry.
- Operating temperature. When choosing industrial LED luminaires, the operating temperature range can be from -50° to + 60°С.
- Vibration resistant. On the roadway, in a factory or plant on supports, there are often increased vibrations. In high-quality LED industrial or street lamps there is protection against arbitrary unscrewing of fasteners or disconnection of wiring.
- The real resource of work is 15,000-50,000 hours. International certificates will confirm the technical parameters of the lamp declared by the seller. This saves on replacement and maintenance in the future. Especially if the ceilings are 15 meters, and there are more than 100 lamps.
