Cozy garden on a glassed-in loggia. Winter garden on the balcony (39 photos)

Psychologists have proven that the greens of plants soothes and relaxes, adjusts in a good way and just pleases the eye. Happy owners of balconies can afford to enjoy greenery even in winter by making a winter garden. This article will show you how to bring this idea to life.

Types of landscaping balconies

For landscaping balconies, you can use different methods of planting plants, using them both individually and skillfully combining with each other, which will give the winter garden individuality and originality.

Horizontal landscaping - as the name suggests, more emphasis is placed on horizontal lines. Plant pots are placed on the floor along the perimeter of the balcony. You can use low, narrow shelves, racks, stands for flowers and display plants on them in lines. An excellent option would be to install a plank along the entire window or around the entire perimeter. Planters, balcony flower boxes are hung on it and plants are planted there.

Vertical gardening - the wall must be fully involved here. In this case, climbing plants are indispensable. Along the wall, you can use long narrow pots or flowerpots installed directly on the floor in which the vines are planted. You can install tall racks with shelves, and put flowers on them. Phytowalls are also used - special modules where flowers are planted in a composition.

Fitowalls are a new fashionable trend in indoor landscaping. And it is worth giving preference to it due to its compactness, autowatering technology and aesthetics. Fitostena is a structure, the most popular dimensions of which are: thickness about 15 cm, height 2 m and length from 1 m. It provides an automatic irrigation system with a sensor, installation and mounting of backlighting is possible. Plants are planted in special pockets with peat without soil. The result is a solid "green wall".

Mixed landscaping - partial use of horizontal and vertical landscaping of balconies. This is the use of linearly set goshkas, phytowalls and shelves in the overall composition. The main condition is the harmony of space.

We create conditions for plant growth

To create a winter garden, you need a glazed warm balcony without drafts, so you need to close all the cracks, insulate concrete fences with heat-insulating material, and then decorate with PVC panels, moisture-resistant plasterboard, etc.

You need to think about heating. You can, for example, install an electric heater and decorate it with a drywall screen. If possible, install an air conditioner to control the temperature regime of the balcony.

Attention! For good development, indoor plants require a temperature of 15 to 22 ° C.

The concrete floor also needs to be insulated, especially if you are going to use the balcony as a recreation room. To do this, make a heated floor or lay an insulated covering.

Attention! When choosing a floor covering, take into account the increased humidity of this room, caused by the need to spray the plants.

Air humidity greatly affects the appearance of plants. Due to its excess or deficiency in plants, the decorative properties of the leaves are reduced. For a good microclimate, install a humidifier on the balcony (set the humidity regulator to 80%, this will be enough, since this is an average for many types of plants).

An alternative option is to install expanded clay pallets under the pots. Pour water into the trays, it will evaporate, and the necessary moisture will be created around the plants.

The lighting on the balcony must be thought out regardless of whether your side is sunny or shady. In winter, there is short daylight hours and plants can stretch out due to lack of light. Fluorescent lamps are suitable for lighting the winter garden. Long narrow lamps can be hung along the ceiling, can be fixed to the wall, but not lower than 2/3 of the balcony height. On average, 4 fluorescent lamps will be enough for a standard balcony. The main rule for balconies on shady sides is more artificial light! It's too hot on sunny sides in summer, so hang blinds or curtains. Use them during hot hours on sunny days.

Design options for a winter garden equipped on a balcony

It is important to think over the design of the balcony and stylize your winter garden. Here are some options for a style solution, choose your style or experiment, make your dream of a winter garden come true.

The classic style is characterized by harmony, nobility and aristocratic taste. Beautiful columns with stucco molding, art parquet, marble, graceful carved chairs, noble expensive materials in decoration will create the classic style of your winter garden.

Use large plants such as ficuses and palms in beautiful clay or ceramic flowerpots. Set them in line in cascades. Hang curtains, they will accentuate the aristocratic classic style. The furniture is either semi-antique or elegant forged.

High-tech style is translated from English as "high technology". This is an interior similar to a production room, where communications are paraded. But they are aesthetically pleasing. This style is distinguished by a lot of space and light.

As practice shows, this is the most successful style for balcony gardening. Choose pots of the correct geometric shape, smooth metal surfaces that resemble an intergalactic ship. Use ventilation pipes as coasters.

The Japanese style implies the obligatory use of the four elements of the universe - these are water, stone (wood), earth and air. Everything here should cause peace and nothing should overload attention. The whole interior sets you up for thought and philosophy.

Separate a small area on the balcony floor, use decorative pebbles on it. Arrange the characteristic bonsai plants. Use bamboo to decorate the wall. Install a water source - a mini waterfall.

Rustic style (or country) - implies a simple quiet country house with a beautifully flowering garden. All kinds of wickerwork and natural finishing materials will be characteristic here.

Create a cozy rustic interior on the balcony using wicker furniture and finishing materials that are close in color and texture to nature. Clay flower pots can be used. Place wicker baskets with flower pots in them. You can install a decorative fountain - a mill. Choose flowering plants - violets, fuchsia, Kalanchoe.

Wildlife style involves creating a corner that is similar to nature. It can be Amazonian nature, forest or taiga, and maybe a steppe. A lot of plants and their thickening are encouraged in this style. As if a human's foot had not stepped here.

Create an atmosphere of wild Amazonian nature by installing a miniature waterfall on your balcony. Glue the wallpaper with the appropriate image or paint the wall yourself. Place plants close to each other so that they create thickets. Try to use different vines and direct them to nearby plants. To imitate a forest, use numerous trees for your home (thuja, cypress, etc.). Now there are a huge number of them on sale. Pick up various cereal plants for your "steppe" on the balcony.

Modern is a style that uses simple shapes. It is important here to emphasize the mobility and functionality of each item. Stucco molding and various carved forms are not at all peculiar. Contrast in everything is welcome.

Take advantage of all the simplicity and conciseness of the Art Nouveau style, using smooth plain surfaces, geometric pots. Play on contrasts in color, texture, size of objects.

Remember! The wall and floor can be a backdrop for plants, so try to take the time to decorate them. You can, for example, order and make a background with a 3D effect.

Consider the following rules when placing plants:

Place all climbing plants along the walls and use trellises for weaving.
It is advisable not to place greenery along the window, since this will obstruct the passage. If you still want to arrange some plantings there, be sure to leave the approach to the window so that you can open and close it. Railings can be used with pots mounted or suspended.
If you have conceived a certain composition, then remember about the central part of it. It should be a dominant feature (a large, beautiful flower, a mini pond, an artificial stone) around which there are less spectacular, but complementary compositional elements.
Make use of the entire balcony space. You can install hanging flowerpots with ampelous plants.

Do not forget about spot lighting - it will help to effectively highlight and shade the plants. But do not get carried away, the backlighting can be distinguished on average 1-3 compositional elements. To add a special atmosphere to the garden, use LED lighting.

Sunny side, which plants to choose

Plants for sunny windows are bougainvillea, adenium, cyperus, cacti and succulents, various types of milkweed. Amaryllis: clivia, hippeastrum, nerina, amaryllis are also photophilous. Pelargoniums, balsams, fuchsias, anthuriums, hibiscus will delight with their abundant flowering in the southern window. Sunny places like hoya, jasmine. For orchids, choose a cattleya that loves bright light. Unpretentious chlorophytum and sansevieria are also suitable. From large plants monstera, dieffenbachia, dracaena, palm trees, ficuses. To prevent sunburn, hang lightweight tulle over windows or use blinds during the hottest hours.

The shady side, which plants to choose

Nephrolepis and adiantum (hair venus), zamioculcas and unpretentious plants - chlorophytums or sansevieria (mother-in-law's tongue) grow well on the shady sides. Ferns are also shade-loving plants. Aspidistra can grow even away from the window. Deciduous begonias, dieffenbachia, alocasia, syngonium feel good on the shady sides. Anthurium and Aeschinanthus will grow, but most likely not bloom. Palm trees can also be grown on the shady side, for example, bamboo palm, chamedorea, grows well in the shade. From large plants, hibiscus (Chinese rose) is suitable. Shade-loving climbing plants are ivy, hoya and cissus (indoor grapes). If you have artificial balcony lighting, then you can try and experiment with even more plants. Do not forget about feeding, they also give a good effect.

Accessories for balcony landscaping

Use various optional accessories to decorate your winter garden:

all kinds of pots;
stand pots;
irrigation devices stuck into the ground;
signboards;
floor and wall stands for flowers;
various supports and mountings for them;
mini ponds, mini fountains;
tables and chairs.

Having arranged a winter garden on the balcony, do not forget that indoor plants are a living organism that requires proper care and constant attention.

Outside the window, frost and slush, and so I want to return home and be alone with nature. Even a small balcony can create a tiny tropical paradise. In this article, you will learn how to make your own winter garden on a balcony or loggia.

We create comfortable conditions for plants

A winter garden and a garden on the balcony creates a relaxing environment, relieves fatigue after a busy day. The charm of green plants gives a lot of pleasant sensations. In addition, deciduous plants fill the room with oxygen, so such a balcony can be equipped as a dining room, office or even a bedroom.

Shading and insulation

When deciding whether shading is necessary, determine which side of the world your balcony is placed on:

North side... The light on such a balcony is evenly distributed, but this is the coldest zone and the room will have to be insulated.
East side... Until lunchtime, the sun shines well and does not need ventilation, which is ideal for green spaces. But after lunch, the sun warms up much hotter, so it is necessary to shade the plants.
West side... Evening is the best time for plants, heat will remain even at night, but it is better to shade them from direct bright sunlight.
South side . Ideal for placing a winter garden, because the rays of the southern sun warm plants best of all. But you need to be extremely careful, because there is a risk of getting a greenhouse effect.

Before insulating a room, keep in mind that each flower loves its own environment and if a temperate climate is ideal for a plant, a glazed loggia will be very useful. But in this case, heating should be due to the adjacent room and the door should always be kept open. But if you do not want this or are planning to grow thermophilic flowers, you will have to insulate the balcony.

There are such insulation options:

double or triple glass package for the window;
heat insulator or additional batteries along the walls;
floor heating.

Advice!
When equipping the room, carefully check for cracks, because it is the worst enemy.

Lighting

A sufficient amount of sunlight for plants is a guarantee of intensive growth, therefore, it is necessary to use natural lighting as much as possible, and in case of lack of it, put artificial light sources. It is important to create the perfect balance between light and temperature. For a winter garden, there is such a rule: the higher the temperature the plant needs for good growth, the more light it should receive.

In winter, this rule is violated, because batteries generate a lot of heat, and the sun shines a little. Due to the lack of light, the flowers lose their foliage, grow and stretch in height. For very thermophilic plants, the sun's rays will certainly not be enough.

But there is a way out in this situation - to save the plants with the help of artificial lighting. You can buy fluorescent lamps and install them under the ceiling, the instructions for which indicate how economical they are. The number of lamps depends on the number of plants on your balcony.

Advice!
Choose the most economical lamp option, otherwise you will have to pay a lot for a winter garden.

Moisturizing

The plant needs to constantly receive a certain amount of moisture. It is important here to avoid two extremes - underfilling and overflowing. Over time, you will learn to control the moisture level for your pets.

Note!
If the flowers are not topped up, then this can be corrected, but when the plants are overfilled, the roots stop breathing, and air is more important for them than water.

To spend less free time, you can install a modern humidification system, the price of which is from 2000 r. You can buy them in various specialized stores or order them online.

Usually, not only special devices are used to humidify the air, such as boxes with automatic irrigation, it can also be a small container with water flowing through a pipe.

Interior

Balcony gardening offers the easiest way to arrange flowers - buy your favorite pots from an interior store and arrange them around the entire perimeter. But if there is very little space or you want to fit a lot of pots, you can buy a ceiling rack.

You can spend a little time and effort creating a special design for a balcony or loggia. Decor elements and artificial stones will add originality to the interior. Or you can place a small table or a rocking chair in the room and this place for relaxation will become your favorite, bringing comfort, joy and tranquility.

Additional arrangement

Such a stage of preparation as wall cladding from the inside plays an important role, especially if insulation was carried out using foam. Siding, which is inexpensive, and the stunning view will delight you for a long time, can be a truly right solution.

Moreover, for arranging a balcony or loggia for a winter garden, it is recommended to use only environmentally friendly material.

Now let's talk about the placement of flowers, because you need to know in advance what kind of compositions you want to create on the balcony room. Depending on the height and intensity of growth, you need to allocate space for each type of plant. Undoubtedly, only those who get along well with each other need to be placed next to each other.

Remember that only according to the rules, an equipped garden will comfort you with its stunning view and will allow ornamental plants to feel comfortable for many years in all seasons.

Plants for the winter garden

Now you know how to make a winter garden on a loggia, it remains only to decide what plants you want to see in it.

Here are some stunning color options for your balcony:

Ficus can be a great focal point for a composition. This is a very popular plant due to its unpretentiousness and ease of caring for it. A small disadvantage is that all the time you will have to limit the growth of ficus roots.
Philodendron is a popular type of large plantings. It is a powerful vine that can be upright or climbing. Philodendrons are undemanding and easily tolerate living conditions.
Tetrastigma grows very quickly and in a short time can envelop the entire balcony room with its greenery. The flower does not require any difficult keeping conditions and is suitable for growing in winter gardens.
Such flowering varieties are often planted near large plants: primrose, amaryllis, orchid, cyclamen, petunia, Chinese rose, poinsettia, geranium, clivia and hydrangea. As you can see, the choice of plants is great, but keep in mind that they need individual care during flowering.
Plants that easily tolerate moisture deficiency and excess sunlight are called succulent. These flowers are unpretentious, but most species are poisonous. If you want to plant some exotic specimens, agave, cactus, yucca, or euphorbia will suit you.

From this article, you learned about the most popular balcony colors, but it is impossible to list them all, because the choice is huge. It is enough to go to a flower shop and buy the plants you like. And do not be afraid to set aside a few days for arranging a balcony room, because very soon this place will become a paradise for you in an apartment.

Conclusion

Now you know how to create a winter garden on your balcony without any help. Do not forget to provide your balcony pets with appropriate care, and in return they will delight you with luxurious greenery and bring comfort to your apartment. Let the video in this article become a little flower encyclopedia for you.

In this article, we will offer you ideas that will allow you to organize a real garden right on the balcony of your own apartment, in order to create a green corner in the center of the metropolis, to please not only the guests of the house, but also passers-by.

Petunia is a recognized leader in balcony gardening. Unpretentious, bright, pleasing to the eye in a variety of shades, they bloom almost all summer, growing and hanging down with picturesque flower "waterfalls"

Inexpensive, lightweight plastic flowerpots are the most popular today.

The side walls of the loggia can also be used to organize a home garden. A variety of hanging planters will help create beauty on a previously inexpressive wall.

You can complement the overall picture of a picturesque home garden with figurines, African masks, Chinese bells and other decorative details.

Experts advise to choose for "balcony" gardens such plants from the family of vines as maiden or fragrant grapes, honeysuckle, honeysuckle and clematis

Of course, such large flowerpots should be used only on fairly spacious balconies, where shrubs will look great. The only problem is that in our climate, many perennial plants will not be able to survive the winter, so you will have to take care of this separately.

Simple and tasteful - wooden shelves on the side wall of the balcony with colorful pots. Perhaps this garden will not be as noticeable from below as the hanging "waterfalls" of petunias, but it will definitely delight the guests of the house.

And in this case, the design with glass doors serves as a real greenhouse, in which you can grow flowers from the very early spring, without fear of frost or strong wind.

The hanging garden on this balcony is successfully complemented by an imitation of a lawn, because the more greenery, the better.

Such a green rug, which has become the center of the outdoor recreation area, can help simulate a lawn.

On this balcony, brightly flowering plants are perfectly combined with an equally cheerful tablecloth and armchair upholstery. After all, the garden on the balcony is not only flowers, it is also the atmosphere of relaxation, which should take you from the city to nature.

Large flowerpots with legs can accommodate many flowers, which can be grouped by flowering time and shades, creating a composition that delights the owners throughout the warm period. In addition, it is quite possible to plant herbs and spices in such flowerpots, combining business with pleasure.

The owners of this garden chose colorful pots and took the trouble to sign each flower in order to know exactly where what grows and how to care for a particular plant.

Fragrant or girlish grapes over time may well move from the balcony to the roof or window of a neighboring apartment

Appreciate all the advantages of this invention - pots that are securely attached to the balcony railing. True, they are not very roomy, so you cannot plant large flowers here. But the traditional geranium - please

Even on such a narrow balcony, you can create a picturesque flower arrangement by simply placing the pots along the walls and railings. True, the railings themselves were not used - apparently, the owners simply did not know about the existence of special pots from our previous idea.

There are as many as four levels of flowers on the balcony in this garden, which were placed on a relatively small area.

There are two principles of organizing such a "hanging" garden on the balcony - choose flowers of different shades to create a bright palette, or plants in the same color scheme, to achieve a more restrained, but no less beautiful result

An example of how original a composition of colors of one shade can look. Looking at this balcony on the wall of an old house, you understand that there are a great many shades of red, and they were created by nature itself

And here the owners chose the second path and chose petunias of all colors of the rainbow for their "balcony" garden

The selection of furniture for the garden on the balcony is a rather difficult task, because you do not want to disfigure a beautiful flower arrangement with a banal white plastic chair. The owners of this balcony managed to find a lovely sofa and armchair not too bright but eye-catching colors. And be sure to pay attention to the artificial tree on the wall. Nice, isn't it?

It is recommended to grow shrubs on the balcony such as common juniper, blackening broom, Thunberg barberry, American maple, Weymouth pine (eastern white), Forchuna euonymus, whole-leaved willow and dwarf lilac

A real canopy, which in time will completely encircle the vines of the grapes, will become a source of shade on this small balcony. And the owners decided to supplement the overall picture with classical stucco molding on the wall and sansevieria (it is also "mother-in-law's tongue" or "pike tail")

If your house has a snow-white facade, petunias should be chosen in such a juicy, bright shade, which will look especially attractive against such a background.

It is appropriate to plant delicate, cute violets in pots suspended on the railing - so they will be at eye level and will not get lost against the background of other, more lush and climbing plants

It is not so difficult to create a garden on the balcony - often it is enough to simply move the pots of flowers from the room to the fresh air. However, if you approach the arrangement of the "balcony" garden with imagination, heed the advice of experts, you can become the owner of a very beautiful and unusual corner for relaxation and even take part in the competition for the most beautiful balcony, which are held today in many cities.

Anna Sedykh, rmnt.ru

The space of a balcony or loggia is increasingly being used as a place for relaxation, transforming from a warehouse for unnecessary things into a cozy corner for privacy. Complemented by blooming greenery, this square takes on a special relaxing atmosphere.

You can arrange a garden on the balcony both in the warm season and in the winter, when the body especially needs bright colors and positive emotions. But just beautifully arranging indoor plants on the balcony is not enough, especially for the winter version. To create a truly blooming greenhouse, it is necessary to provide for many features, such as: microclimate, harmonious combination of plants, colors and composition.

Summer garden on the balcony creates a cozy atmosphere

Summer garden

An excellent option for novice florists to try in practice the idea of a garden on the balcony is to decorate the space with greenery in the summer. Low requirements for the design features of the site, the ability to use indoor and outdoor plants, simple maintenance - all this greatly simplifies the task.

Balcony requirements

You can organize a summer garden on a glazed and open balcony. The most important thing is to take into account the exactingness of plants to sunlight and resistance to atmospheric phenomena.

It is also important to assess the condition of the slab, if it is not very strong or has damage, then it is better to use small and light containers for planting flowers so as not to create excessive pressure on the platform.

Humidity, temperature, light regime in summer fully favors the growth and development of vegetation, so no additional equipment is required. The only thing that should be paid attention to is the ability to shelter the garden from excessive sunlight and precipitation. If the balcony is glazed, you can cope with this with the help of blinds or curtains; on an open balcony it is better to arrange flowers that love light and tolerate mechanical influences of natural origin well: hail, wind, torrential rain.

Plants

If a balcony or loggia will turn into a garden only in the summer, there are several convenient options for decorating with vegetation:

Perennial plants. Street flowers will feel good on the balcony. When the period of flowering and growth is over, the pots need to be covered and stored, and in the spring they just need to be placed again. Best suited: carnation, penstemon, delosperma, armeria - they all tolerate cold weather and will delight you with their appearance until late autumn.
Annual plants. Using these plants, you can decorate a balcony in a new style and color scheme every year. In the fall, the containers for planting just need to be freed from the remnants of greenery and removed. Not demanding in care: marigolds, petunia, pelargonium, begonia.
Houseplants. For summer greenhouses, which are located in an apartment, the air temperature allows them to be taken outside without prejudice to growth and development. The main thing is to protect them from direct sunlight, to which most indoor plants are not adapted, and to prepare them for the move gradually, that is, at first, take them out only for the daytime. Feel good on the balcony: palm trees, orchids, hydrangeas.

You can mix and match plant species, add new ones every year, or experiment with placement options.

Annual flowers are well suited for a summer garden.

Arrangement of a balcony for a summer garden

Flower arrangements can be decorated in different ways. For example, place pots on the floor, parapet or ceiling, or dilute lush greenery with decorative figures, furniture and lighting.

Particular attention should be paid to the organization of the irrigation system on the open balcony. To prevent excess water from flowing down, you can build homemade drip irrigation structures or provide stands for collecting liquid.

It is recommended to equip pots with climbing plants with a support in the form of stretched ropes or to let long shoots along the railing. Small flowers are best placed on the windowsill, large ones on the floor. Creeping plants will look beautiful suspended from the ceiling.

Winter Garden

In order to create a green island for relaxation on the balcony or loggia in the winter season, it is necessary to carefully prepare the space and choose suitable plants. Maintaining the appearance and caring for vegetation when the temperature outside the window is freezing is a difficult and painstaking work, which requires knowledge and constant control.

For a winter garden, the balcony must be properly insulated.

Balcony requirements

The winter garden on the balcony needs a favorable microclimate. You need to start from the balcony itself, it is on its technical characteristics that the success of the business started will depend.

Temperature.

Frost-resistant plants will feel great in conditions above 5 degrees, for exotic plants it is necessary to maintain a mode above + 18. Optimum performance can be achieved due to high-quality glazing made of PVC profiles with double-glazed windows, insulation of walls, floor, ceiling and railings and additional heating, for example, underfloor heating or electric radiators.

Lighting.

In winter, there will be insufficient daylight. In order for the plants to develop well, additional sources must be provided, they will also serve as decorative elements.

Humidity.

Humidity indicators in the presence of additional heating will tend downward, in order to maintain a comfortable level for flowers, it will be necessary to install special devices - humidifiers, or place containers with water over the entire area. Alternatively, you can use decorative waterfalls and fountains.

Air exchange.

In order for the plants to constantly receive an influx of fresh air, it is necessary to ventilate the room, but it is absolutely impossible to do this due to the open flow through the balcony sash - the plants can get sick. It is best to use a ventilation system or air conditioner.

To monitor the constant level of indicators, the winter garden on the balcony must be equipped with special devices that will reflect the microclimate of the room.

It is important to constantly monitor the indoor climate.

Plants

It is necessary to select vegetation for the winter garden taking into account the characteristics of the balcony. If the windows face south, and the area has a good source of heat and a constant temperature of +18 degrees is provided, you can create a composition of tropical plants. Citrus fruits, palms, orchids will live well in such conditions.

The winter garden on the loggia on the darkened north side can be furnished with ivy, ficus, shefflers, chlorophytums, and the space can be equipped with artificial light sources. These plants will feel comfortable at temperatures from +5 degrees. Some of them are able to withstand minor frosts.

In order for the winter garden on the balcony to always have an attractive appearance, you can choose plants with different flowering periods for the composition and evenly distribute them over the entire area.

Vegetation must be regularly watered, loosened and fed with complex fertilizers, as the root system grows, transplanted into larger containers. It is advisable to provide the pots with soil with drainage so that the plants do not dry out.

Sheflera is great for growing in the winter garden on the balcony

Interesting design ideas for a winter garden

The greenhouse, which will decorate the apartment all year round, can be equipped more thoroughly and in detail than the summer one.

Composition in the same thematic style. For example, in Japanese or tropical. Vegetation can be supported with appropriate furnishings, furnishings and trimmings.
Natural style. The natural beauty of flowers can be supplemented with wood details: dry twigs, bizarre driftwood, panels of colorful autumn foliage. On such a balcony there will be a feeling of a real forest or park.
Unusual shapes. You can use a variety of climbing support structures to create an arch or simulate dense rainforest.
Accents. Lighting elements at certain points in the space, furniture, accessories will emphasize the individuality of the room and give a feeling of warmth and comfort.

The balcony area is often used as a living room or storage space, but if you free it from unnecessary things and decorate it with flowering plants, you can find a favorite place to relax after a hard day. Greenery soothes, the smell of flowers relaxes, and fresh and humidified air improves the general condition of the body, so a winter or summer garden is the best solution for this area.