Proper preparation of onion sets for planting in open ground. How and how to process onion sets before planting: useful tips How to process a garden bed before planting onions

Clean the second from the first layer of husk. Third, dig a hole and moisten a little. Then lay the bow, bury it with earth and slightly moisten the earth.

To successfully grow onion sets, you need to know a few things:

By following all the above recommendations, you can safely count on the fact that the tulips in your area will grow well and give you an unforgettable experience of beautiful abundant flowering! In addition, caring for tulips will bring you much less trouble than if you planted unsorted and untreated bulbs.

To some, the annual sorting and processing of tulip bulbs will seem too troublesome. In this case, you can purchase already prepared planting material that has undergone heat treatment in the store. But when buying, you must definitely pay attention to the quality of the bulbs, as well as the fame and reliability of the supplier. It is desirable that the purchased varieties of tulips be tested in your area and have a high percentage of germination.

Processing tulip bulbs before planting includes a few simple tricks:

Watering. Immediately after planting, in May-June, the seedlings are watered once every 7 days. The volume of liquid per 1 sq. meter is an average of 7-8 liters. In July, the amount of watering should be reduced.

OgorodSadovod.com

Growing onion from sets: planting, care

Desirables include:

Wood ash.

Landing time

A little dry.

Stage 2. Keep the onion for 8-10 hours at a temperature of +30°C to +40°C. It is important not to overdo it.

Planting material preparation

It would seem that it is difficult to grow onions? Yes, actually, nothing, if you know some subtleties. For example, how to process onions before planting.

Of course, onion sets need to be processed before planting. It is better to free the bulbs from the top husk. When you dig holes, moisten them with warm water. Further, accordingly, we plant onion sets in the holes and fall asleep directly with the earth itself.

The bulbs must be dry and look healthy, rotting, etc. is unacceptable;

Onion sets before planting should be warmed up in the sun, you can put it on a sunny window, or near the battery. Treatment with a solution of potassium permanganate does not give much effect, it will be necessary to save plants from onion flies by spilling salt water or adding kerosene or ammonia when watering. It is necessary to plant the bulbs in well-heated soil with the bottom down to a depth equal to the size of the bulb.

In addition to processing the bulbs, you need to take care of the soil in which the butu tulips are planted. If the soil in your area is not quite suitable for growing beautiful tulips, you can make an effort and improve its properties.

cleaning the onions from the husk;
Feeding. Onion is a crop that, in principle, does not need to be fed, but it can be carried out.
cucumbers;

An important point is that simultaneously fertilizing the soil with manure and adding lime is contraindicated, as a result of such actions, the level of nitrogen in the fertilizer decreases. It is permissible to carry out acidification reduction by other means.

This completes the work on preparing the sowing for planting.

Heated sevok is treated with a growth stimulator before planting.
You can take care of its safety long before the harvest, if you treat the bulbs with special antiseptic agents that will help prevent rotting. A well-known fact is the ability of antiseptics to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases.
Good afternoon!
Plant not very deep so that the plant can quickly break out, slightly loosen the ground periodically at the planting sites;
My recommendations for those who have little free time and cannot dedicate enough onion sets to process and prepare for planting.

careful examination;

Soil preparation

For the first time, you can apply fertilizer in the form of a manure solution (0.5 kg per 5 liters of water) no earlier than 20 days after planting. The second feeding option is a solution of bird droppings (0.5 kg per 7 liters of water).

cabbage;

In the spring, soil preparation consists in digging with the application of mineral fertilizers. 7 days before planting onion sets, it is imperative to water the soil well with the following solution:

Before you prepare the soil, you need to choose a site for planting. It is important to know that the onion is a photophilous plant, so the area where it will grow should be open and well lit.
If step-by-step preparation is not possible, it is necessary to perform the following procedure immediately before planting a crop:

You can protect the future crop from other diseases by soaking the seed for several minutes in a warm, weak aqueous solution of copper sulfate.

It is better to soak in a solution of a root stimulator. I would recommend heteroauxin. Dilute 1-2 tablets according to the instructions. If there is no instruction. then 1 tablet per 1-1.5 liters of water. But the root is also possible. We'll have to dip the bottom of the teeth in the powder. This is not very convenient and the consumption of the stimulant will be large. I'm not talking about onion sets. Still better to soak in liquid solutions

Try not to let the soil dry out by watering it periodically.
If the onion sets have not yet hatched feathers, then you need to remove the upper husk a little, thereby helping the onion to germinate faster.
It should be noted that tulips need soil:
sorting of planting material;
Re-fertilization can be carried out a month after the previous one.

tomatoes;

water - 10 l;

This culture is moisture-loving, but does not tolerate excessive amounts of water, so you should avoid areas where groundwater passes.
Soak the sevok in water with a temperature of + 45 ° C - + 50 ° C for no more than 10-15 minutes;

Landing and care

To prevent the shooting process, it is recommended to pour onion seeds for one minute with water heated to 60 ° C. There is also a more modern way, according to which onion seeds should be placed in a cloth, and then in a glass container and heated all this in the microwave for about a minute and a half. Then the seeds are placed in a growth stimulant solution. In this case, any drug that stimulates growth in plants is suitable.

Why? Onions and garlic already have excellent root growth! Moreover, in the instructions for Kornevin (and who knows better than the manufacturer about the effect of the drug?), Only the processing of bulbs and corms of ornamental crops - gladioli, tulips, crocuses, hyacinths is recommended. "Kornevin" easily brings them out of dormancy, which makes it possible to carry out distillation in the winter.
I keep about two to three hours in the water, and after planting I compact the ground to retain moisture. Then I water it every two days. We have a large plot, I water half of the garden, loosen the second half, and the other day, on the contrary, loosen the first part, water the second. Some people keep a day in the water, I don’t know, it seems superfluous to me.
Immediately before planting, pour the furrow in the garden in which the onion sets will be planted with plenty of warm water (it is advisable to add liquid fertilizer for vegetables to the water), plant onions in it and cover with dry earth on top. It is not necessary to water from above on this day. Pour the beds with planted onions after 1-2 days, preferably from a watering can, so that the earth does not seize with a crust, so it will be more difficult for the onion to hatch through it.

waterproof;

disinfection;

As a top dressing, dry mineral fertilizers can be used, which can be sprinkled on the beds before watering.

potatoes;

Copper sulfate - 1 tablespoon.

The soil for this crop begins to be prepared in the fall. Onion is a lover of loose, nutritious soil, so it is imperative:
After the above time has elapsed, immediately immerse the planting material in cold water also for 10-15 minutes;
It is important to properly cultivate the soil. So that the onion does not become infected with the stem nematode, the place intended for its planting is watered with water and table salt. And the onion fly does not like tobacco dust, so it is recommended to water the beds with tobacco solution.
There is not a word about the use of vegetable bulbs! In addition, it is alarming that manufacturers evaluate Kornevin as a drug, albeit moderately, but still dangerous for humans and animals. So why do we need extra chemistry?
Usually, before planting onion sets, they take it out and keep it in the light for several days in a warm place, and right before planting it is soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate (weak), for two or three hours.

First, remove all the bad bulbs - they will still be of little use. Before planting onions (about 2-3 days before), the onions must be warmed up. Put them somewhere warm, such as near a hot radiator. If such preparation of onion sets for planting is difficult, then it is necessary to lower it for a couple of minutes in hot water. Just do not pour boiling water - otherwise it will boil. And then immediately dip in cold water for a minute. This activates the vitality of the bulbs.

loose;
Processing bulbs with minor damage.

As statistics show, onions are a popular crop not only in the CIS countries, but it is in this territory that the conditions for its cultivation are most favorable. Often (for commercial purposes) whole fields are sown and it is clear that this is not done by people. In our technological time, quite a lot of cultivators have been invented, one of which is a planter for onion sets. One such simplest machine can replace the work of fifty people.

Those crops under which large doses of organic fertilizers are applied.

Before planting, the seedlings must be sorted, since the distance between the bulbs in the garden is determined depending on the size:

Dig the ground to a depth of 15 to 20 cm;

Place the seeds for 5-6 hours in a solution of complex mineral fertilizer.

Onions love a slightly alkaline environment; for this purpose, a little lime or ash can be added to the soil.

I don’t process healthy planting material at all, but when preparing a problematic one, I manage with an ash solution (in fact, ash lye). 2 cups of ash pour 2 liters of hot water. As soon as the water cools and the solution exfoliates, I drain its light part and soak the planting material for 1 hour. Ash contains a set of trace elements and is a natural mild stimulant.

The earth is watered only before sticking the bulbs. Many people use Fitosporin-m, reviews about it are not bad.

Then you need to prepare a nutrient solution from fertilizers (and it is even better to add growth activators to them). In this solution, onion sets are kept for about 10 hours. To make it more convenient to take out the bow later, it is best to lower it into the solution in the net, through which water easily enters, but does not allow it to crumble.

fertile;

So, having laid out in front of you all the tulip bulbs that you intend to plant, inspect each specimen from all sides for damage, rotting, or signs of disease. Remove the tough integumentary peel from the bulbs, because it is under it that there may be foci of infection that are not visible at first sight. In addition, peeled tulip bulbs will better absorb nutrients from the soil. Just peel the tender bulbs very carefully so as not to inadvertently damage.

Video "Selection and preparation of onion sets for planting"

Planters for onion sets are both huge machines working in the fields, and manual devices designed for ordinary vegetable gardens. The onion set planter is a real find for the elderly, who already find it difficult to kneel in the beds. In addition, this device produces soil cultivation. Therefore, we can say that growing a crop can be a pleasure.

plodovie.ru

Preparing tulips for planting, or how to properly process the bulbs before planting

Unwanted precursors:

What is the preplant treatment of tulip bulbs?

Bulbs up to 1 cm are placed at a distance of 5 cm;

Apply fertilizer from rotted manure (you can fertilize with peat-manure compost).

A mandatory procedure that must be carried out before planting onion sets is disinfection. For processing, both a weak solution of potassium permanganate and a solution of copper sulfate (35 grams per 10 liters of water) are suitable. How to process onions before planting, you can ask experienced vegetable growers or consultants in specialized stores. You can turn to the literature for help, in which you can find complete and reliable information.

You can meet the recommendation of multi-stage processing of garlic before planting. To do this, the teeth are first soaked in slightly warm water with the addition of nitroammophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). A day later, the same garlic is dipped in saline (1 tablespoon per 1 liter) for 20 minutes. And then it is placed for another 20 minutes in a solution of copper sulfate (1 tablespoon per 8-10 liters). Against the latter, I am categorically against! You can get by with potassium permanganate. In addition, such processing is more suitable for growing garlic in a spring crop.

That's all the preparation.
The next step in preparing the onion sets for planting is its treatment against fungal diseases. For this, a solution of copper sulphate is prepared (10 g of vitriol is needed for a bucket of water (10 liters). The bulbs are bathed in it for 10 minutes. After that, the bulbs are washed and the preparation of onion sets for planting can be considered complete.
neutral acidity;
In this video you will find tips on choosing an onion set, preparing it for planting and choosing a soil.

garlic;

One and a half centimeters - at a distance of 8 cm;

An important point is that it is necessary to fertilize the land at this stage of soil preparation, it is strictly forbidden to add organic fertilizer to the soil before planting in order to avoid the growth of the upper part of the plant and the dormancy of the lower one, as well as the appearance of weeds. Before planting, it is contraindicated to make humus and chicken droppings.

There is a method, the so-called grandmother's secret of planting onion sets, which is as follows:

Onions are an essential ingredient in dishes in different countries. It has been cultivated for many millennia, it was almost the first agricultural crop. From generation to generation, the experience of planting onion sets has been passed on, which allows you to grow a rich harvest. Detailed agricultural technology with all the nuances has survived to this day.

When planting in the winter for disinfection, it is enough to lower the teeth for 2-3 minutes in a salt solution (6 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) and land without washing.

The processing of onion sets right before planting is as follows:

Before planting onion sets, it is imperative to sort out, sort out all the bulbs that are damaged or unhealthy.

Soil preparation for planting tulips

With groundwater level up to 75 cm.

Sort the cleaned and carefully inspected bulbs according to their diameter. It is best to use large specimens for planting, but small ones do not have to be thrown away at all - you can plant them in flower beds. Most importantly, do not plant large bulbs along with small ones, so that later it would be easier to select large planting material from the garden for storage.

Just one bulb, infected with some kind of fungal or infectious disease, when planted in a common flower bed, can lead to the death of other flowers. Just imagine what sad consequences can be due to a single small oversight! While properly handling the bulbs will protect the tulips from diseases and pests, help them grow faster and bloom better.

carrots
Bulbs up to 2 cm in diameter - at a distance of 10 cm.
It is necessary to take into account the level of soil acidity. If the soil is acidic, then it is necessary to carry out liming with one of the following components:
planting material is dried for 7 days, the temperature should be from + 20 ° C to + 25 ° C;
In this article we will tell you how to plant onion sets and how to care for them.

Garlic often gets sick not from the consequences of wintering, but from immoderate organic matter “between the roots”. A smart way to help avoid fungal diseases: when the height of the plants reaches about 10 cm, the soil is carefully raked from the plants - to the roots. Sprinkle with a handful of ash and return the earth to its place. When the arrows appear, everyone repeats. Do not be afraid, it is very simple and fast to do this, it just seems that it will take a long time to “bend your back”. But the result ... By the way, if the garlic began to disastrously turn yellow (it is easy to pull it out of the ground), sprinkle it with ashes in the same way. Helps! And one more thing: in early spring, feed the garlic with a solution of mullein, it will not turn yellow.

cleaning, drying and removing the first layer of husk near the onion itself

Usually, then I grow sevok on the floor near the battery for drying and airing during the day, and then I put it in nets weighing 200-300 grams.

With a higher occurrence of groundwater, artificial drainage from a layer of sand can be provided for tulips, otherwise the bulbs will quickly rot. Add peat and sand to clay soil. To increase the water permeability of the soil during digging, it will also be useful to add coarse washed sand and humus.

Eat tulip bulbs suitable for planting for half an hour in a weak solution of potassium permanganate to protect the flowers from fungal diseases.

orchardo.ru

How to properly process onion sets before planting?

Regardless of what time of the year you decide to plant tulips - in autumn or spring, such an important process as preparing tulips for planting deserves special attention. Of course, you can just put the bulbs in the ground and sprinkle with earth, and then hope that "if they want to live, they will grow." However, experienced flower growers are well aware of the role that pre-treatment of tulips before planting can play.

FOX-NASA

In place of these crops, onion sets can be planted no earlier than after 3-5 years.

As for the beds, they should be at least 20 cm - 25 cm apart. Planting depth is approximately 3-4 cm.

lime;

Resny00

Before planting, the bulbs are soaked for 3 hours in a saline solution (2 tablespoons of salt per 2 liters of water);

There is no need to talk about specific planting numbers for onions. Sevok is planted when the earth warms up to a depth of 6-10 centimeters. If you focus on the weather, then in early and warm spring, planting can be done at the end of April.

Thanks a lot for the wonderful answer. I would give three pluses. Good luck in the garden and on the BV! - over a year ago

crist

Moisten the onion hole a little, but not abundantly - you can use a sprayer and put the onion there, then dig in and spray the surface of the former hole again.

It is more convenient for further processing, since my practice shows that the harvest will be better if these nets are kept in a solution of complex fertilizers for several hours, and dipped in a solution with copper sulfate just before planting. My onions always grow very good.

You should not plant bulbs in sandy soil, because such soil dries out quickly, and tulips will lack moisture.

After pickling with potassium permanganate, the bulbs must be immediately planted in the ground, since they are quickly saturated with moisture, and young roots can easily break off from this, and new ones no longer form in their place.

chacha777

angry

Onion care consists in timely weeding, loosening and watering.

After the planting material is immersed in the ground, the latter must be tightly compressed around the bulb and covered with a layer of mulch (mulch is any available material, such as sawdust, straw, film, paper, peat, pebbles, etc.) 2-3 thick see
dolomite flour;
bulbs are washed;

stalonevich

Onions should not be planted in cold ground, but planting should also not be delayed. The main guideline is the temperature of the soil, which should not be lower than + 12 ° C.

Lilechka

Onion sets are planted in spring from April 25 to May 5, the distance between the lines should be 15-25 cm, and in a row 10-12 cm. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the bulbs are covered with a layer of soil no more than 1-1.5 cm. Before By planting the bulbs, it is necessary to warm up at a temperature of 40 * C for about 8 hours or about a steam heating battery for 2-3 days. Trim the neck of the sevka either quite a bit, or not at all. Then soak in a solution of 1% copper sulphate for 15-20 minutes, and immediately plant it on the site without rinsing. Sometimes they practice scalding with boiling water, or rather with water at a temperature of 55-65 * C, for 1-2 minutes, and then immediately into cold water for 1 minute. (disease prevention) but this must be used very carefully so as not to harm the bulbs.

If you are going to plant onion sets, then you need to process it before planting.

But I still very carefully approach the choice of the sevka itself, I never buy the first one that comes across.

Maryushka Dushka

Video about planting tulips in autumn

If you find a diseased or damaged bulb, but you are sorry to throw it away, then cut off the damaged area from the bulb, being careful not to damage the inner layer of the scale. Such bulbs should also be soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate, dried and planted in a flower bed. However, although after such a treatment, infection of the remaining tulips and garden soil is very unlikely, it is still worth planting the treated damaged bulbs separately from healthy ones.
Many flower growers, even when laying the bulbs for storage, pay attention to sorting them, distributing them into large and small ones. Accordingly, tulips are also planted later, focusing on the diameter of the bulbs. In the future, this will greatly facilitate the summer care of tulips and digging up the bulbs after flowering. If you didn’t sort before storing the planting material or just recently bought bulbs of different varieties, it’s not too late to sort them immediately before planting.

PRAVDA911

Loosening. It is correct to start the process of aerating the soil before germination. The frequency of this procedure is once every two weeks to avoid the formation of a dense earthen crust. Secondly, such a frequency of loosening will not allow weeds to appear.

It is safe to say that onions are one of the most popular garden vegetable crops. It grows well in the beds and even in a box on the windowsill in winter is able to produce a crop. In terms of vitamin content, it is difficult for many vegetable crops to compete with onions. It has a unique ability to fight pathogens of various infections, it is strongly recommended to actively use it in the diet in winter during epidemics. But in order to get a harvest, you will have to work hard, because it should be taken into account that those very large golden heads are the harvest of the second year. In the first year, you can only get seed for planting and processing future bulbs in the fall - small bulbs called onion sets.

Selection of the time of planting sevka in the spring

In some regions, this can be done starting from mid-March. However, you should remember an important rule when working with onion seeds - for sowing, you need to take only last year's seeds. This is due to the fact that nigella has a short shelf life. For disinfection, the seeds are dipped in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 1-2 days. Then the seeds are hardened, lowering alternately into warm water, then into cold. He will tell you about planting onion sets in the fall.

Onions are not too moisture-loving culture, so the bed must be formed so that excess moisture does not accumulate on it. The soil must be fertile and loose. Onion sets, for example, cannot grow in clay soil.

Processing methods

Immediately before planting, onion sets must be processed so that the plant is immune to pests (for example,) and. In the arsenal of gardeners there are several ways of pre-sowing processing of onion sets. This does not mean that you need to use them all at the same time, it is enough to choose one optimal method.

Before planting, the bulbs are disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate

Pre-sowing heat treatment to disinfect seeds

Heat treatment of onion sets is carried out in order to "wake up" the seeds. With slow heating, the planting material is kept at a temperature of +24 to +28 degrees for 2-3 weeks (2 weeks for a small set, respectively, 3 weeks for a large set). If you increase the aging temperature to + 30-35 degrees, then the aging period can be reduced to 1-1.5 weeks. In both cases, this is only the first stage of heating; at the second stage, the onion must be heated at a temperature of +40 degrees for 10-12 hours. The so-called "emergency wake-up" also belongs to the temperature method of processing. This is a kind of "contrast shower" for sevka. To do this, the bulbs of planting material must be immersed in water at a temperature of 45-50 degrees. It is absolutely impossible to use hotter water - this will ruin the bulbs, they will literally boil. In such a "bath" they should be kept for 10-15 minutes, and then removed and immersed in cold water for the same time.

Soaking sevka

Salt and water solution

The main advantage of this method is its low cost. Also, the positive aspects include the fact that when treated with a saline solution, the risk of infection of the plant stem or, which is extremely susceptible to such a mixture, disappears. Also, the use of salt will help against infection with fungal diseases. It is very simple to prepare the solution: for 1 liter of water, take 1 tablespoon of table salt. Then the onion sets are immersed in this mixture for 10-20 minutes. You can use baking soda instead of salt.

Processing onions with a salt solution

Soak with a solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate

Copper sulphate is a powdery substance of blue or turquoise color, it dissolves well in water. It is recommended for soaking onion planting material in order to prevent infection with fungal diseases. Such soaking is carried out after all previous treatments, immediately before planting. Copper sulphate (1-1.5 tablespoons) is dissolved in warm water (10 liters) until a copper-colored mixture is obtained.

Seeds are placed in the solution for 2-3 hours (again, depending on the size of the bulbs).

Soil preparation for onions: how to properly cultivate the land

It is at this stage that it is recommended to fertilize the soil, it is best to apply the main part of the fertilizer in winter, so that there is time for the "assimilation" of nutrients. It is impossible to simultaneously introduce (drain) manure and lime into the soil - this reduces the amount of nitrogen in the fertilizer. In autumn, the bed is deeply dug up or plowed up (to a depth of 20 cm) so that oxygen enters the deep layers of the soil. When digging, the required amount of fertilizer is applied. For each type of soil top dressing is selected individually. With increased soil acidity, one of such components as wood ash, ground chalk, dolomite flour, lime, salty soda mixture is used. The optimal acidity of the soil for onion sets is pH 6.4-7.9.

He will tell you about growing onions in the open field.

If the bed was not ready in the fall, then you will have to do all the same work in the spring. To do this, when digging a bed for onion sets, 2-3 kg of humus is introduced into the soil (namely, humus, not fresh manure) - this is from organic fertilizers. If we talk about mineral fertilizers, then superphosphate (0.44-0.5 kg per 10 square meters of area) and sodium sulfate (0.2-0.3 kg) are best. Application is also made during digging. On clay soils, it is desirable to add sand at the rate of 7-10 kg per square meter of sown area.

The earth must be carefully loosened, because onions love light, airy soils.

Video

conclusions

The agrotechnical process (process, prepare / prepare, soak / soak the seed) for onion sets is not so complicated, you just need to plant it on time and correctly, and then you can count on a generous harvest. It is necessary to take into account one more small nuance -. And then you can cultivate onions in almost any region.

Onions are one of the most commonly used vegetables. It is used for cooking almost all first and second courses. Therefore, for the winter, every housewife tries to prepare more golden heads.

Often in late autumn or winter, a significant part of the bulbs becomes unusable. Their scales rot, leading to the death of the entire bulb. Processing onions before sowing will help preserve the crop for as long as possible.

Show all

Types of onions

There are over a thousand types of onions. Some of them are known as another plant. These are garlic and wild garlic, which are types of onions. In addition, the following species are grown in Russia:

onion;
leek;
slime;
chives;
shallot.

They differ in taste, size, ripening time. There are annuals, biennials and perennials. Numerous varieties and hybrids have been created, zoned for a particular area. Many of them are grown by seeds, some by dividing the bush, daughter bulbs.

The most common is the onion. Some of its varieties are grown in one year from seeds (nigella). To grow most varieties, you first need to get small bulbs (sets). The following year, they are planted in the ground, and by autumn they get a crop of large, strong, healthy bulbs that can lie until spring.

This is not always possible. In the process of growing a vegetable, various diseases and pests lie in wait for it. As a result, the bulbs die even in the garden or quickly become unusable after being planted for the winter.

In addition to diseases, the shooting process can prevent a high onion crop from growing. This is the formation of a juicy arrow-peduncle, on which seeds will be tied after flowering.

autumn planting

Now the method of planting onions in the fall has become popular. It has a number of advantages:

Sevok does not need to be stored.
Overwintered bulbs have high immunity.
The crop ripens quickly, because when planting in the autumn, the bulbs grow earlier.

To get a high yield, you need to plant only small sets - oats or oats. Large with this method of cultivation will definitely go to the arrows.

Choose better zoned varieties or specially designed for winter sowing:

Radar;
Arctic;
Sunshine.

Processing currants from pests and diseases - how to spray the bushes in the fall?

Pests

Planting onions damage such insects:

Name	Peculiarities	Photo
onion flies	They lay eggs on onion feathers. The larvae eat the inside of the stem, it dies. They strike twice during the growing season. More damage done in rainy weather
beetle	Lays eggs inside the feather. The larvae that appear then gnaw out inside the hole. The feather falls, the bulb does not form
stem nematodes	Small insects that live in the soil. As a result of their activity, onion leaves are deformed, the bulb lags behind in development	Onion damaged by stem nematode
onion cracker	Nibbles feathers and lays eggs in flowers

You can fight most types of insects after planting the seedlings in the ground, in the spring. But for this you need to constantly inspect the areas where it is planted, monitor the condition of the plants. And it is generally impossible to notice the nematode with the naked eye.

Diseases

Onions are mainly affected by fungal diseases:

Downy mildew (peronosporosis), the defeat of which can be seen by pale green spots on the leaves. Then they turn into a purple bloom.
Neck rot most often develops in rainy weather. First, individual internal scales are affected, then the disease passes to most of the bulb, and it disappears.
Rust is more common in the southern regions. Appears as yellow streaks on feathers.
Donets rot develops after damage by an onion fly.
White rot develops under the influence of high temperatures. Damaged bulbs are removed.
Viral diseases are not treated, so the affected specimens are pulled out and burned.

Reasons for the defeat

Most often this happens if the planting material turned out to be of poor quality, grown in unsuitable climatic conditions. Growing onions from seeds is quite troublesome. Therefore, it is easier to buy planting material in the store. But in this case, the conditions of cultivation and storage remain unknown.

The vegetable must be placed every year in a new place so that it hits the site again after 3 years. But sometimes, if the plot is very small, this does not work out, and the crop rotation is not respected. Then the onion is in the area filled with pathogens. In this case, it needs mandatory pre-sowing treatment.

Fungal diseases are easier to prevent than to treat, and viral diseases are not treated. The complexity of post-planting treatment with fungicides is that it must be carried out prophylactically. If this is not done in time, a period of prolonged heavy rains may suddenly come. In this case, it will not be possible to process the plant.

Processing methods

Proper and timely preparation of onions before autumn planting will help to avoid damage by diseases and pests. There are a large number of ways to process onions before sowing. They are divided into protection from pests and diseases, chemical and natural. All operations are aimed at carrying out such actions:

destruction of fungi and pathogens;
growth promotion;
strengthening immunity;
decay warning.

You can not apply all known methods of protection at once. This can lead to the death of plants.

Do not use drugs more often or in higher concentrations than indicated in the instructions. Otherwise, drug-resistant (resistant) organisms may develop. For the same reason, medicines need to be changed periodically.

Sorting

The first stage of seed processing is sorting. Vegetables need to be sorted by size into 2-3 piles. The largest can be planted for flowering to collect black seeds. Medium stored until spring. Bulbs up to 1 cm in diameter are planted before winter.

Throw away dry, rotten, damaged specimens. In the process of sorting, dry scales are removed. Covering scales, which are firmly attached, are not removed.

Do not cut the onion for a feather if it is planted in the fall. Tear off only the dry top. Do not cut the bottom from which the roots will grow.

Disease treatment

There are many ways to treat bulbs and seeds before planting in the fall:

Spraying onions before planting with Karbofos is effective in killing pests. But the drug itself is very toxic. Therefore, its use is not always justified.
Soaking planting material (sevka and nigella) in saline is popular. Dilute a tablespoon of salt in a liter of water at a temperature of 30 degrees. Bulbs withstand up to 8 hours. This will help protect the sets from onion flies, mites and thrips. You can not water the beds with onions with salt water.
A saturated solution of potassium permanganate is used to protect against diseases. Bulbs and seeds are kept in it for up to 15 minutes, then washed with clean water. A solution for seeds is prepared light pink.
Birch tar can repel the onion fly and protect against disease. Dissolve a fly in the ointment in a liter of water and process the planting material.
Treatment with soda bulbs is ineffective.
"Fitosporin" protects against fungal diseases. It is not a chemical agent. If the treatment with chemicals was carried out in less than two weeks, the drug will not be effective. Do not use "chemistry" for the next two weeks. 35 g of "Fitosporin" is dissolved in a bucket of water. Sevok is processed for up to 30 minutes.
Treatment with copper sulfate or other copper-containing preparations is effective in killing fungi. These are "Skor", "HOM", "Oksihom".

To make it convenient to process the sevok, they put it in a grid. Processing is carried out sequentially without shaking out of the mesh until all procedures are carried out. Pour out a few days before planting, dry.

In order for the bulbs to grow faster, take root, they are treated with humate or other fertilizers. In the spring, it can be combined with a growth stimulator: "Zircon" or "Epin", preparations "Silk", "Biostim". When planting before winter, growth stimulants are not treated.

The costs of such operations are insignificant, but they will bring many benefits.

Onion is a capricious culture. In dry weather, the arrows are thrown away, in damp weather, they begin to rot. But gardeners have invented a new, more productive way of growing onions - planting before winter. To get a good harvest, you need to know when and which onions to plant before winter.

Planting onions in autumn

For planting onions in the fall, you need to choose a sunny and dry place on the site. It is very good to plant onions after cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes and legumes. The soil for planting onions must first be dug up or well loosened. Add humus to the ground or mixed with wood ash.

Pre-make beds up to 100 cm wide and up to 20 cm high. Clean the soil from weeds and disinfect with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 1 tbsp. spoon for 10 liters of water. Before planting, the earth in the beds should settle well and compact. If a stem nematode was noticed on the site, then the onion beds should be shed with a solution of common salt before planting. From the onion fly, watering with tobacco infusion helps well.

For planting before winter, it is better to choose onions of sharp varieties, for example, Centurion or Stuttgarter. Depending on the size of the bulb, it is divided into the following categories:

the first is a bulb up to one and a half centimeters in diameter;
the second - up to three centimeters in diameter;
the third - the diameter of the bulb is more than three centimeters;
Oatmeal - these bulbs are non-standard, up to one centimeter in diameter.

From the first category and oatmeal, the best onion most often grows. Such sets are planted in grooves to a depth of 2-3 cm. When planting onions before winter deeper than 4 cm, in spring it may not germinate at all and rot.

For an early green feather, it is better to use onion sets of the second category for planting for the winter. It will not be possible to get a turnip from it: most likely in the summer it will go to the arrow. Such seedlings should be planted more densely, to a depth of up to six centimeters.

After planting, the beds should be mulched with any organic material: hay, dry leaves. Even sashes from beans and beans are suitable for this. That's just the plastic film can not be used. In order to prevent the wind from spreading the mulch, they cover the top of the planting with spruce branches or dry branches. For mulching, it is better not to use peat and sawdust, since in the spring it will be very difficult to remove them without damaging the young shoots.

Onion planting dates for the winter

In order for the onion planted in the fall to take root well, it must be planted before the soil freezes. Then he will take well and successfully overwinter. The best time for planting onions before winter is from October 5 to October 20. If in winter the air temperature drops below -10-12 ° C, onion plantings must be additionally covered with snow. And in the spring, this snow must be scattered in order to prevent stagnation of water in the beds.

Processing onions before planting

Every gardener wants his efforts not to be in vain. Let's find out how you can process onions before planting in order to get a good harvest. Everyone knows that antiseptics prevent occurrence of fungal diseases. Therefore, in the fall, long before harvesting, you need to take care of its safety: before planting, treat the bulbs with a warm, weak solution of copper sulfate. But if you place the bulbs for one minute in water at a temperature of 60 ° C, then this method will help to avoid shooting onions in the summer. To prevent the bow from going into the arrow, you can use a more modern method. To do this, before planting, the onions must be wrapped with a cloth and placed in a glass vessel, put in the microwave and heated for about a minute and a half. After that, the heated seeds must be treated with a growth stimulator. And you can safely plant it in the soil - a good onion crop is guaranteed.