Rules for growing a tangerine tree. Indoor mandarin: home care for an orchard Mandarin tree flowering

Tangerine tree per last years has gained particular popularity among amateur gardeners. For its cultivation, not only greenhouses, greenhouses, winter gardens, but also the most ordinary balconies and window sills in the apartment are suitable.

Peculiarities

Indoor tangerine attracts with its luscious greenery, beautiful flowers and bright sunny fruits. It does not shed its leaves, so it will remain green even in winter. The light scent of the plant helps to relieve headaches, irritability and uplifts the mood. And when a tree is in bloom, an even more extraordinary smell emanates from it. The flowering period can last from spring to autumn. At the same time, growing a tangerine tree at home does not require special efforts and skills - even a beginner can properly care for it.

A common tangerine variety grows up to 5 meters high. But modern breeders have bred a huge number of special dwarf and undersized plant varieties in the form of small trees or bushes.

The height of an adult plant is no more than one and a half meters, and to maintain beautiful shape less strength is required. With the right approach, a tangerine tree in an apartment grows rather quickly and begins to bear fruit.

Varieties for growing at home

Breeders have bred a large number of different varieties of tangerine trees. They differ among themselves in the appearance of the crown, foliage, flowers and fruits, as well as in size, fertility and taste. Not all of them are suitable for home cultivation. Among the many indoor tangerines, the most popular types are worth highlighting.

"Forged-Vasya" is an ideal option for an apartment. This is a dwarf variety, up to 50 cm high, so it can be grown even on a windowsill. The leaves are dark green in the shape of an arrow. Distinctive feature is that the bush does not have to be pruned to maintain its shape. "Kovano-Vasya" begins to bloom actively in spring, and bright orange fruits ripen in autumn. The fruits appear within a year and do not fall off for a long time.
"Unshiu" is an unpretentious variety, it will not be difficult to grow it. This variety tolerates low temperatures and lack of sunlight. In apartment conditions, the height is usually about 80 cm, sometimes up to one and a half meters. The first fruits appear in the third - fourth year. Unshiu has lush greenery, flowers beautifully and bears fruit well. Flowering begins in spring, lasts for several months, and by the end of autumn the fruits ripen. They are slightly elongated pear-shaped, sweet and almost pitted.

"Forged-Vasya"

"Unshiu"

"Pavlovsky" Mandarin has also worked well for home cultivation. The growth of an adult tree does not exceed one meter. Its leaves are similar to an ordinary tangerine - large, shiny, dense. There are many fruits, they are round in shape with a diameter of up to 7 cm, sweetish-tart in taste. The skin is bright orange, thin, easily peeled off. Flowers of "Pavlovsky" mandarin are large, about 3 cm, and collected in whole inflorescences. They are white in color, but pinkish in buds. The flowering period begins in April-May, and the first fruits can form in September.
"Clementin"- the tastiest and sweetest hybrid. A plant with dense, elongated leaves, fragrant flowers and bright flattened fruits. The first tangerines ripen in 1.5-2 years. In an apartment, the harvest is small, about 40-50 fruits per season.
"Shiva Mikan" belongs to the early varieties. At home, it is more of an ornamental plant - this variety grows quickly, has a compact size and small fruits weighing no more than 30 grams.
"Marcott"- translated as "honey". This variety has surprisingly sweet fruits. The plant is small in size, with a neat crown of elongated leaves and yellow-orange fruits. The skin is smooth and tight, there are many seeds in the pulp.

"Pavlovsky"

How to plant?

If you decide to grow a tangerine tree at home, then you can either buy ready-made seedlings in plant growing stores, or germinate from the seed yourself.

The first way is simpler and faster. Plant seedlings are sold immediately in a pot or in a packaged earthen coma. After purchase, they must be transplanted into a suitable container.

The second way is more economical and interesting. Indoor tangerine can be grown from a common ripe fruit seed. It is recommended to germinate several pieces at once, in which case the probability of obtaining the desired result will be higher. The seeds must first be soaked for several days until they swell and sprout. To do this, they are placed in 3-4 layers of wet gauze. It is imperative to ensure that the gauze does not dry out, periodically add water.

If you do not want to wait for germination for a long time, then you can use "Epin" - a growth stimulator. It is added to water and left for a couple of hours. After the first sprouts appear, the tangerine can be planted in the ground.

You can buy the mix at your grower shop. It is important that the soil for the seedlings is not acidic - mandarin does not grow in such an environment. Therefore, the soil should not contain peat.

You can prepare the soil yourself, suitable option is the mixture:

2/5 of cow humus;
2/5 parts of turf and leafy land;
1/5 of the sand.

As the first container, you can use ordinary cups, pots up to 10 cm in diameter or seedling boxes.

At the bottom of a clean and dry container, it is imperative to lay a drainage layer of small stones or expanded clay. This will prevent moisture stagnation and root rot.

Prepared soil is poured from above. Sprouted seeds are carefully placed in holes 4-6 cm deep and covered with earth. The soil should be moist throughout the entire time; watering should not be forgotten. The seed container must be placed in a well-lit place, but not in direct sunlight. Optimum temperature indoors for the germination period should be +20.25 degrees. The first shoots appear in about 2-4 weeks. If several shoots have sprung up from one bone at once, then the weakest of them then need to be carefully cut off.

Care

So that the tangerine tree pleases with its healthy appearance, shape, beautiful flowering and delicious fruits, it is necessary to provide it comfortable conditions... The most elementary care and attention will help to extend and facilitate the life of a plant in an apartment.

Location and lighting

It is recommended to place a tangerine tree in a well-lit place with diffused light. It is best suited for windows facing south, southwest or southeast. Avoid direct UV rays in hot weather - the plant can get burned, and the soil in the pot will dry out quickly. The plant must be accustomed to ultraviolet light in stages: first, adhere to partial shade, and only then gradually increase the time spent in direct rays. Mandarin gets used to one-sided lighting, so it is often not recommended to twist it around its own axis. V warm time year, the tree can be taken out on the balcony, terrace or outside.

The optimal daylight hours for a mandarin should be 8-12 hours. With a lack of natural sunlight, the plant will weaken, the leaves will begin to turn yellow and fall off. You can extend the daylight hours with the help of special phytolamps.

Temperature regime

The recommended temperature for citrus trees in the warm season (spring and summer) is +18.20 degrees. During this period, there is an active flowering phase, and higher temperatures will lead to the fall of flowers and leaves. Lower temperatures will slow growth and prevent fruit formation.

In winter, you need to give the plant a rest and gain strength for the next season. To do this, the temperature in the room must be kept at + 10.12 degrees. Otherwise, the subsequent flowering and fruiting can not wait. You can start raising the temperature by spring already at the end of January. The tangerine tree does not tolerate sudden temperature changes, so any change in conditions should be gradual. But at the same time, the tree needs to be accustomed to natural changes. To do this, it is recommended to take it out for a short time during the day on a closed terrace or balcony - this way the plant hardens and becomes stronger.

Humidity

In the room where the tangerine tree is located, there should always be high level humidity. For this, the plant is often sprayed with a spray bottle. In hot weather or during the period heating season it is advisable to do this twice a day. Water should be room temperature.

Irrigation is advisable in the morning and in the evening to avoid the midday sun hitting wet leaves.

If the plant already has flowers, then irrigation must be done very carefully, without falling on the buds. And it is better during this period to just wipe the leaves with a damp cloth.

If the room has a heating radiator, it is recommended to cover it with a wet towel. A container with water can be placed next to the tree. Ideal option there will be a humidifier.

Watering

During the period of rapid growth and flowering, it is especially important to properly water the homemade citrus tree. At this time, the soil should not dry out; it is recommended to do the procedure daily. Even a short drought can negatively affect the plant - to save moisture consumption, it will shed its leaves and they will not grow again in this place.

When the plant "hibernates", you can water it only twice a week. The amount of water should be moderate - excessive soil moisture should not be allowed, this will lead to rotting of the roots, and mold may appear on the soil surface. It is recommended to use only separated clean water room temperature. Tap water contains chlorine, so it is not suitable for irrigation.

Whether the soil needs moisture can be checked with your finger - if the soil is dry and loose, then the plant needs to be "watered".

You can only pour water on the rhizome - the trunk of the tree, the leaves, and even more so the flowers do not tolerate excess moisture.

The most the right time day is considered morning. It is during this period that the maximum activity of the tangerine tree occurs.

Priming

The composition of the soil for a young and an adult plant is different.

For a young plant, you need to mix one part of sand with leafy soil, two parts of turf and cow humus.

For an adult plant, a part of leafy land is taken, three parts of turf and one each of sand and cow humus. And most importantly, oily clay must be added to the soil for adult citrus trees.

Ready-made mixtures can also be purchased in plant growing stores, but it is worth paying attention to quality products from a trusted manufacturer.

Top dressing

Because of frequent watering all useful material they are quickly washed out of the soil, so the first feeding of the citrus tree is done immediately after the sprouts appear. And the more mature the plant, the more it needs to be fertilized. In a specialized store you can buy ready mix fertilizers. As organic matter, you can also use mullein manure in proportions of 1/10 with water.

It is especially important to feed the tangerine in the spring, when the plant begins to develop intensively. This period lasts until September, fertilization can be applied once every two weeks. Such a regime will promote the appearance of buds, flowers and ovaries, and the ripe fruits will not taste bitter. In the cold season, feeding should be stopped. As with most houseplants, it is recommended to fertilize mandarin in the morning. The tree must first be watered with warm water. The temperature of the nutrient solution should also be at a comfortable room temperature. The composition of the mixture is different, but the content of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is mandatory for a citrus tree.

The proportions and recipes must be observed, this information is indicated on the packaging. Inappropriate use of fertilizers can cause burns to the stem, roots and leaves, or, in general, lead to the death of the tree. From folk remedies, gardeners recommend using "fish soup". For cooking, take 100 grams of fish per liter of water. Boil it for 30 minutes, strain, cool and add to the solution of a store-bought mineral mixture.

Pruning and pinching

Often it is not necessary to prune homemade tangerines, since the formation of the crown in this culture occurs by itself. But pruning and pinching the upper young shoots every 3-4 months will help not only better development branches and leaves, but will also accelerate fruiting. The upper shoots should be pinched only after the formation of five leaves.

You can also get rid of all the weak and unnecessary twigs. If dried leaves and branches appear on the tree, then they must also be carefully cut off. Cutting is recommended with special sharp scissors.

At the first flowering, some of the buds should be removed. Such a procedure will retain its strength. young tree and will increase productivity not only this, but also in the following years.

Possible problems

Improper care of indoor tangerine becomes the cause of its diseases. If the microclimate in the apartment is disturbed, irregular moisture, lack or excess of fertilizers, the plant begins to hurt. Let's consider the most common problems and their causes.

Leaves turn yellow and fall off

If this happens rarely and in small quantities, then it is a natural process, especially in older trees. If the leaf fall is intense, then this may indicate insufficient lighting, improper watering or lack of nitrogen in the soil. The reason for this may be a sharp change in the regime (temperature, light). If the plant begins to turn yellow after transplanting, then the reason is most likely a violation of technology. Pay attention that the root collar is not too deep. A pot that is too large will also cause yellowing.

All these processes must be revised, conditions favorable for the tree must be created, and the plant will begin to recover.

Brown leaves most often indicate improper feeding. It is necessary to reduce the amount of fertilizers and strictly adhere to the recipe.
The leaves dry out due to the dry indoor air. It is necessary to spray the tree more often from a spray bottle, wipe the leaves with a sponge, cover heating devices and use a humidifier.
Leaves curl due to excess ultraviolet rays. To solve the problem, the tree needs to be shaded.
Rust spots on the leaves also indicate improper watering. This process needs to be adjusted.
Red spots on the trunk of a tree indicate insufficient drainage, damage to the trunk, or excess fertilizer. For the treatment of already damaged areas, a light solution of vitriol is suitable. After that, the cracks are rubbed with a special garden varnish.
If the bush began to shrink and dry, then the reason for this lies in insufficient feeding. It is necessary to provide tangerine with healthy vitamins and minerals.

But even good quality care is not enough to avoid certain diseases.

Several diseases can also affect the tangerine tree.

Anthracnose causes bark deformation, yellowing and leaf fall. The affected parts of the tree must be carefully cut and destroyed, and it is recommended to use "Fitosporin" for the treatment of the whole plant.
The scab begins to appear with small transparent spots. In the future, gray "warts" are formed from them. Bordeaux liquid is used for treatment. She needs to spray the entire bush three times.

Do not exclude such a threat as all kinds of pests.

They are practically invisible, but they can cause irreparable harm to the plant.

Spider mite. It manifests itself as a cobweb on the leaves and red dots on the stems. This pest feels good in a dry, hot microclimate. To combat it, you first need to brush the wood, and then pour it with a contrast shower. The soil must be sprinkled with ash and the whole procedure must be repeated after 10 days. For spraying, a mixture of tobacco dust and laundry soap... A spoonful of dust and a spoonful of grated soap dissolve in water and infuse for 5-6 hours. Spray with a solution 2-3 times a week.

Aphid. With a large amount, you must first thoroughly rinse the plant with a solution of laundry soap. For the treatment of damaged leaves, a decoction of wormwood or nettle is suitable. It is recommended to spray the leaves with garlic water. For its preparation, one clove is infused in a glass of water for two days. The tree needs to be treated with a solution several times a week.
Shield. Signs of infection are brown bumps and a withered yellowed bush. First, using a brush, you need to clean the plant from insects. Wash the tree and its location with soapy water. To spray in water, you need to dissolve a little soap, two tablespoons of washing powder and a teaspoon of machine oil. After 3-4 hours after treatment, the plant must be rinsed with water. Repeat the procedures three times a month.
Mealybug. With its appearance, white sticky spots are formed on the leaves. At the same time, the leaves fall asleep and fall off. The best folk remedy is a soap solution. Wipe the tree with it and spray it once a week.

To deal with uninvited "guests", you can also use special means (for example, "Fitoverm", "Karbofos" or "Aktellik"). The solution must be wiped off the leaves and trunk. To improve the effect, the bush can be wrapped in polyethylene for a couple of hours. It is important to note that the fruits after such a procedure cannot be eaten for at least a week.

As a preventive measure, treating the leaves with soap suds can be considered. At the same time, it should not get into the soil, therefore it is recommended to cover the pot beforehand.

How to transplant and how often to do it?

As the tangerine tree grows and its root system grows, transplanting into a larger pot is required. A young plant needs to be replanted every year. in early spring before flowering. After reaching 4 years of age, a transplant is needed every 3-4 years.

This culture does not like large containers, therefore new pot you only need to choose one size larger than the previous one.

The tangerine is transplanted by the method of transshipment of the entire earthen coma. To make the tree easier to remove, the soil needs to be watered - this will reduce the adhesion of the soil and the walls of the pot. Then you can lightly tap the pot with your palms so that the clod of earth falls behind it. After that, the plant is carefully removed and transferred to another place. First, you need to lay a layer of clean drainage on the bottom of the new pot. The tree is set up and covered with earth. It is not necessary to compact the soil too much. It is important to make sure that the root collar (a small seal between the root and the trunk) is only partially covered with earth. Otherwise, the tree will take root for a long time and begin to hurt.

It is not difficult to learn how to properly care for a tangerine tree at home. You just need to follow the recommendations, and then the plant will delight for a long time lush crown, wonderful fragrant flowers and fruits.

For information on how to grow a tangerine tree from a seed at home, see the next video.

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Mandarin - evergreen, which belongs to the Rutov family. The specific Latin name for mandarin is Citrus reticulate. Like orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, it belongs to the genus Citrus. The life form of this plant is interesting - it can be a shrub and a tree, reaching a height of 5 meters.

Like other representatives of the genus Citrus, mandarin has long been grown in greenhouses, greenhouses, winter gardens... Despite its size, a tangerine at home can be grown on a balcony or on a windowsill. Currently, breeders have bred many varieties of dwarf and undersized tangerines for home cultivation, maximum height which is 0.6-1.1 m. Indoor tangerine may not belong to dwarf varieties, then the plant needs to be heavily pruned and shaped.

Indoor tangerine is a very effective pot plant. And not only because of the bright, aromatic and mouth-watering orange fruits that can last for several months. Sometimes the plant delights only in its flowering, because the delicate white mandarin flowers exude an amazing aroma. In some varieties, flowering begins in spring and can last all year round. Indoor tangerine, grown in the form of a bonsai, is a real work of art.

Indoor tangerine fruits are tied without artificial pollination, usually ripen at the end of the year. Often, a potted indoor tangerine is bought in a store with fruits already hanging on it. Despite the fact that they are very appetizing, they are not worth eating. Indeed, to achieve such a high decorative effect, plants receive high doses of fertilizers. The tangerine has beautiful leathery and corrugated leaves.

Popular tangerine varieties for growing at home

Unshiu- Japanese variety, the most unpretentious, begins to bear fruit for 3-4 years, in indoor conditions grows to 0.8-1.5 m. Branches well. Blooms profusely in spring; forms fruits in late October-November. Pear-shaped fruits lack seeds.
Kovano-Vasse, Miha-Vasa, Miyagawa-Vasa- dwarf tangerines of the Vasya group - suitable for growing on a windowsill, height 40-80 cm. Orange-yellow fruits ripen for the first time in the second year of cultivation, abundant flowering. Like all dwarf varieties, they do not need crown formation.
Shiva Mikan- early compact fast growing variety. Small fruits, no more than 30 g
Murcot t - the fruits of this compact mandarin variety are very sweet, ripen in summer, taste very sweet, therefore the name of the variety is translated as "honey".
Clementine- a hybrid of mandarin and orange, bears fruit at home in the second year. One adult domestic tree per year produces up to 50 medium flattened orange-red fruits, very fragrant, with a shiny skin. Plants of this variety with numerous seeds are called montreal.

Mandarin: home care

Lighting tangerine at home

The first step in successfully growing an indoor tangerine is choosing a place for the plant and its correct lighting.
Indoor tangerine, as well as grown in open ground good lighting with some direct sunlight is needed. In low light, the plant slows down growth, produces few flowers or does not bloom at all. With a strong lack of light, the leaves of indoor tangerine become faded, new shoots are elongated, thin and painful in appearance. Therefore, it is better to grow a plant in the eastern, southeastern and southern windows, shading from midday direct rays. In summer, the plant can be taken out onto the balcony, gradually accustoming it to the street.
In winter, with a short daylight hours, the indoor tangerine should be exposed in the most illuminated place with direct sunlight. But sometimes even this is not enough: artificial lighting is needed. For this purpose, an ordinary phyto-light bulb is suitable, which can be screwed into a chandelier or table lamp. It is necessary to transfer the plant to supplementary lighting gradually. With a sharp change in the length of daylight hours, it can shed its leaves.

Content temperature

The optimum temperature for indoor tangerine in the summer is + 20-25 ° C. During the period of budding and flowering, so that flowers do not fall off, it is better to keep the plant at a temperature slightly below + 20 ° C. V winter time to ensure a relative rest period, tangerine is kept at + 5 -10 ° C. A plant that is rested over the winter will bloom and bear fruit better.

We advise you to read: What are the benefits of tangerines "
What to cook from tangerines "
In search of the sweetest and juiciest tangerines "

How to water and spray tangerines at home

Indoor tangerine, like his wild ancestors, adapted to withstand dry periods. As a last resort, the plant will shed its leaves to reduce the amount of liquid that evaporates. A common problem when growing tangerine at home, it is excessive watering, which leads to the development of fungal diseases.
The amount of water for irrigation of indoor tangerine depends on several factors:
- the size of the plant;
- the size of the container in which the tangerine grows;
- ambient temperature;
- the duration of daylight hours and the intensity of illumination.
The larger the leaf surface of the indoor mandarin, the stronger the evaporation, and the more it needs watering. Temperature also affects the rate of evaporation: the higher it is, the more the plant loses moisture. The length of daylight hours directly affects the amount of moisture that evaporates. Stomata - formations on the underside of terrestrial plants, which serve for gas exchange, open during daylight hours.
Watering indoor tangerine should be carried out in the first half of the day, when the plant has activated life processes. When the temperature drops, watering is reduced, until it stops for several days during a period when the temperature in the room is only + 12-15 ° C. In this case, the tangerine is watered with a small amount of water, only to maintain life.
Mandarin at home needs regular spraying of the leaves. Strongly dry air has a negative effect on the plant and is often a prerequisite for its infestation with spider mites. If the indoor tangerine blooms, then you need to make sure that water does not get on its flowers.

How to feed tangerine at home

Full-fledged tangerine care at home is not possible without additional mineral and organic feeding... The soil in the pot is quickly depleted and washed out during watering, and recreational processes practically do not occur in it, unlike soil in nature.
For feeding, you can use soluble or dry fertilizers. In the spring, with an increase in daylight hours, the feeding for indoor tangerine is increased. It is in the early spring period that vegetative and generative buds begin to develop intensively, at this time the plant requires additional nutrients.
At home, mandarin is fertilized, like all other indoor plants, that is, in the morning. The ambient temperature should be at least + 18-19 degrees.
For feeding, soluble fertilizers are often used. They can be used to water the plant, and in a weaker concentration, spray its leaves. For feeding indoor tangerine, any complex mineral fertilizer containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium - the main elements needed by plants.
Dissolve fertilizers in soft or settled water at room temperature. The main thing is not to increase the dose. If the instructions say: 1 cap of the product per 1 liter of water, do not think that 2 caps will make the solution more useful. This will lead to the opposite effect - chemical burns or toxic poisoning of the plant.
You need to feed the tangerine at home during the period of intensive growth (from March to September) 2 times a week. Less often, but not more often.
Dry fertilizers that are applied to the soil and gradually dissolve, giving the soil trace elements, must be applied even more carefully. Their dignity is that by introducing them in the spring you can long time forget about feeding. However, they can be quickly used by the plant, and it will be difficult to guess about it. The introduction of an additional dose of fertilizer will lead to the above-mentioned overdose.
Organic fertilizers are also needed to grow tangerines. To do this, you can dilute the infused cow dung in a proportion of 1/10. The best option will use organic fertilizers in combination with mineral fertilizers for soil fertilization.

Additional home care for tangerine

To form a lush tangerine tree, pinch the tops of its branches.
Caring for a tangerine at home also involves removing dried leaves or stretched twigs.
On the young flowering plants partially remove the flowers so as not to deplete them and to allow several fruits to ripen. One ovary can be left for 15-20 leaves of an adult plant. The less fruit remains on the tangerine, the larger they will be.
Fruit-bearing branches of indoor tangerine are tied, tied to a support, otherwise they may break from the severity of the fruit, and the plant will not have an attractive appearance.

The tangerine tree in its popularity among gardeners is only slightly inferior to the laurel of the primacy of lemon. And this is not surprising: its bright fruits delight the eye, and the delicate aroma has a healing effect, improving mood and giving vigor. Tangerine trees adorn windowsills for many years - the main thing is to properly care for them. Moreover, it is not so difficult - the tangerine is not capricious.

A tangerine tree can be grown from a seed at home. For this, seeds are selected from the tangerines you like. In order for the seedlings to appear for sure, it is better to plant at least 10 pieces.

The bones are pre-soaked for several days. For this purpose, they are wrapped in damp gauze and placed in a warm place. The main thing is that the gauze does not dry out. After a few days, the seeds will swell.

As soon as the sprouts appear, the seeds can be planted. The shops sell special soil for citrus fruits. But you can make an earthen mixture yourself.

Soil for tangerine trees:

Sod - 3 parts;
Land -1 part;
Humus -1 part;
Some sand or clay.

Expanded clay is placed at the bottom of the pot, then the prepared soil mixture is poured. The seeds are planted to a depth of 5 cm. The earth is well moistened and the pot is placed in a bright place. But the sprouts that have hatched must be protected from direct sunlight in the first weeks. Otherwise, they will dry out.

It is worth knowing that trees grown from seeds will not themselves produce cultivated juicy fruits... In order to get tasty tangerines, a shoot from a cultivated fruit-bearing plant will need to be grafted onto the tree.

Video instruction for growing a tangerine from a bone

Lighting and location

Mandarin is a southern plant, therefore it loves light and warmth. For him, it is worth choosing windows facing south, southeast, southwest. It is important that the location is well lit.

However, direct sunlight, especially in summer heat, tangerine is not very fond of. They can cause leaf burns. If the tree overheats under the rays, then chlorosis may begin - the plants will begin to wither and lose strength. Therefore, on too sunny days, the southern window is covered with a gauze curtain. In the summer, you can take the tree out onto the balcony. In a private house, he is even taken out into the street. However, in this case, the transfer is carried out gradually - first, the pot is placed in the shade. When he gets used to the new conditions, he is taken out to the site. If you immediately expose the pot to the sun, the tangerine can start to hurt.

In autumn and winter, the tangerine must be artificially illuminated. To do this, place lamps on the windowsill and turn them on during the day. Without this, the tangerine can start to hurt.

Temperature regime

Mandarin doesn't like cold. The optimum air temperature for him in the summer is +20 degrees, in the winter - + 12-14. Buds and ovaries on a tree appear only at a temperature of + 16-18 degrees. If the room is always colder, then the tangerine will not bloom and the florist will wait in vain for bright fruits.

Humidity

In nature, tangerines live in a humid subtropical climate. Therefore, for a comfortable existence, they must be constantly sprayed with water from a spray bottle. And you will have to do this several times a day. In winter, you will have to spray the tree more often, since central heating strongly dries the air. But in no case should you spray the tangerine with cold tap water. It should be warmed up to room temperature.

Additionally, a bowl of water can be placed near the plant. Also, water can be poured into a tray on which a pot with a plant stands. In dry air, the tangerine tree is affected by pests - scabbard and spider mites.

Watering

In the summer, the plant is watered often and abundantly. In winter, it is enough to water it 2 times a week. The soil in the pot should not dry out completely - that the time for watering has come is indicated by the drying of the top layer of the soil.

Simple experience can tell if it's time to water. It is enough to take a pinch of earth in your fingers and squeeze. If it crumbles, it's time to go for the watering can.

Don't use tap water. Chlorine and other compounds contained in it alkalize the earth and cause chlorosis, in which leaves appear spots. Pre-boiling also does not give a positive result tap water... Firstly, this complicates care, and secondly, harmful elements still remain in the water. Some flower growers advise using hot water served centrally. It is less chlorinated and more soft. Previously, it must be cooled and defended for 24 hours. However, this procedure is advised to be done with any water for watering a tangerine tree.

In winter, water for irrigation is heated to + 30-35 degrees. Otherwise, you can overcool the roots of the plant and it will wither. In summer, the water heats up naturally during settling.

Additional care

Every month the tangerine needs to have a bath. At the same time, the soil in the pot must be protected with an impenetrable film. The leaves of the tree are washed with soapy water. This will help protect the plant from pests.

Important: so that soapy water, running down the trunk, does not saturate the ground, it is bandaged with a bandage.

Nutrition

The trees must be fertilized periodically. This is done for the first time a year in April. Further, until winter, the mandarin is fed every two weeks. This is done so that the tree develops well, buds and bears fruit. Summer dressing prevents the bitterness of the fruit. In winter, you do not need to feed the plant.

For feeding, use any complex fertilizers that are sold in stores. There are special fertilizers for citrus fruits.

You can enhance fruiting with the help of the so-called fish soup. 200g of small fresh fish is boiled in 2 liters of water for 30 minutes. The strained broth is cooled and added to the complex fertilizer.

Pruning

Cropping allows for more than just shaping beautiful crown, but also accelerates the onset of the fruiting period. All weak branches must be removed. Apical shoots are periodically pinched. Then the tree begins to bush, the crown becomes denser and more beautiful.

In young trees, in the first years of flowering, part of the buds must be pinched off. This will save vitality plants. Otherwise, they may become depleted and bear poor fruit. The fewer flowers there are, the larger and more beautiful the fruits will be.

Transfer

The plant is transplanted once a year in the first years of life. Then, when the fruiting period begins, the trees are replanted every 2-3 years. This is done before the plant grows. The ideal time is March. If time is lost, it is better to skip deadlines. An untimely transplant can lead to the fact that the tree will hurt for a long time or even die. If there is room in the pot, sometimes it is enough to replace upper layer soil and drainage.

Pest control

White dots on the underside of the leaves and twisted leaves, in which a cobweb can be seen, indicate that the tangerine has struck a tick. To destroy it, you can use garlic tinctures, tobacco dust, laundry soap.

1 tablespoon of dust is insisted in a glass of boiling water for 6 hours, then mixed with 10 grams of soap. The plant is sprayed with this solution. It is enough to carry out 3 procedures every 6 days.

To prepare the garlic tincture, grind the head of garlic and insist in a glass of boiling water for 2 days. Then they act in the same way.

When damaged by a scutellum, brownish growth spots appear on the leaves along the veins. They fight the shield with the help of such a solution:

1 tsp machine oil;
2 tbsp. l of washing powder;
40 g of laundry soap;
1 glass of water.

This solution must not come into contact with the soil. It is applied to leaves and branches. After 4 aces it is washed off in the shower. The tree is processed 3 times every 6 days.

At good care a tangerine tree will bear its first fruits in the third year and will then produce up to 50 tasty and juicy tangerines. Caring for him is not that difficult. The main thing is that it must be regular and constant. And then the tangerine tree will definitely reward with beauty and harvest.

Mandarin came to Europe only 170 years ago thanks to the Italian Michel Tecor. The fruit owes its name to the Chinese. They could be eaten only by the rich dignitaries of China - tangerines.

For indoor plants, tangerines of dwarf species and undersized varieties are suitable. Consider the types, varieties of tangerines, their varieties and define the main characteristics and features.

Ivolistny variety

A short tree with a rounded crown without thorns. Can be grown both outdoors and as indoor plant... In a pot it grows up to 2 m tall and has dark green dense oblong leaves. The plant blooms in spring with white fragrant flowers, slightly smaller than that of a lemon. No pollination is required to obtain fruit. Fruits grow up to 70 g in weight, almost without seeds. Harvesting is carried out in November. The tree bears fruit from the age of three.

Important! When growing tangerines at home, you need to constantly monitor the humidity of the air. To do this, a dish with water is placed next to the plant, and the crown is sprayed daily. Adequate lighting is essential for normal growth. Therefore, in autumn and winter, trees need artificial lighting. In summer, the plant does better outdoors.

Wase Grade Group

This group includes the varieties Miho-Vase, Miagava-Vase, Okottsu-Vase, Novano-Vase, Kovano-Vase.

The variety is considered the ancestor of Japanese dwarf varieties tangerines. It was brought from Japan in 1930. This is an evergreen low-growing tree that grows no more than 40-50 cm under indoor conditions. It has a compact crown with abundant thornless foliage that does not need to be formed. The bark is rough, brown in color. The shoots are light green at first, and then acquire a brown tint. Leaves are green, broadly lanceolate. The flowers are white, have five petals and can be singly or in small inflorescences. They are large in size, up to 4.3 cm in diameter. The pistil looks out from the stamens accreted at the base. The pollen is sterile.
Fruits of a bright orange color, round-flattened, ripen in early October and have a sweet and sour taste. The pulp is divided into 9-13 slices, contains 30.3 mg of vitamin C per 100 g of product and does not contain seeds. The peel is smooth, brittle, 0.3 cm thick, well separated from the pulp. The tree bears fruit in the first or second year of life and has a high yield. The frost resistance of the variety is high. The plant propagates by grafting and air layers.

The cultivar was developed in 1923 by Dr. Chuzeburu Tanaka. The tree is the tallest of all Wase varieties in height and has a high productivity. It is the most widespread and well-known of the Wase varieties. Mandarin fruits are relatively large, seedless, and have a thin, smooth skin. The pulp is juicy, of excellent quality. The ripening variety belongs to the early ones. Fruit ripening occurs at the end of September. The fruits keep well.

Clementine Group

The plant is a hybrid of a tangerine and a king orange from the orange subspecies. It was created in 1902 by a French priest breeder Clement Rodier (1839-1904). Mostly Clementine trees are tall, but sometimes they are used for growing at home and in indoor greenhouses. Let's consider the main varieties.

Marisol cultivar (C. Clementina)

An early variety that resulted from the Clementine Oroval mutation and is ideal for growing in closed spaces... It is a fairly tall tree with short branches and dense foliage. Fruit ripening takes place from the end of September. Fruits are large enough, weighing 70-130 g and a diameter of 5.5-7 cm.The skin is thin, orange in color, contains a lot essential oils... The pulp is soft, very juicy, slightly sour, contains 2 seeds. When harvesting, the fruit must be cut off so that the calyx does not remain on the stem.

Nules cultivar (C. Clementina)

The cultivar is obtained as a result of mutations in the Fina cultivar. It is very popular in Spain. The tree is medium in size and has a spherical crown. The branches do not contain thorns. Narrow leaf blades, flowers white, small, solitary or in small inflorescences. Fruits are large in size, weighing 80-130 g. The peel is bright orange with a pink tint, soft, bumpy. The pulp is very juicy, sweet, contains few seeds. To increase the yield, it is recommended to remove small ovaries, leaving no more than three in the group. Fruit ripening occurs from late November to December. The variety does not tolerate a drop in temperature, therefore, it is often bred indoors.

Rubino variety (C. Clementina)

The medium-sized tree was bred in Italy and belongs to the late varieties. It has a dense spherical crown without thorns and a very high yield. Fruits are small in size, weighing up to 80 g, with a thin orange-red peel. Pulp good quality, juicy, orange. Fruit ripening occurs from January to February. Mandarins can hang from the tree until early June without losing their flavor.

The variety belongs to the "noble" group and is often called royal. Comes from the group of Indo-Chinese or Cambodian mandarins. Some characteristics of this plant allow us to say that it belongs to the natural hybrids of mandarin and orange. The fruits have largest size from all known varieties of tangerines. The peel is very thick for a tangerine, bumpy, tightly attached to the pulp, but peels well and has a yellow-orange color.

Selected by V.M.Zorin in the 50s of the twentieth century. The trees are pyramidal with medium deciduous density. The bark is rough, brown in color, on the branches it has a brown color. Shoots are light green, ribbed with a slight presence of thorns. The leaf blade is 12-14 cm long and 5-6 cm wide, dark green in color with pointed edges. The flowers have 5 petals, they are located singly or in small inflorescences, 4 cm in diameter. In the middle of the flower there are 19-22 stamens accreted at the base, above which a light yellow pistil rises. Fruits are round-flat, weighing 60-80 g, 4.5-5.8 cm in size.
Mandarins generally have a rounded flat base, in some cases with a small nipple outgrowth. The peel is 0.2-0.4 cm thick, slightly rough, lags well behind the pulp. The pulp of the fruit is orange, juicy, and has a sweet and sour taste. It is divided into 9-12 lobules with thick films and does not contain seeds. The vitamin C content is 29 mg per 100 g of product. Harvesting is carried out in the second half of November. The frost resistance of the variety is high.

Selected after crossing the seedlings of the tangerine Unshiu by FM Zorin in the 50s of the twentieth century at the Sochi experimental station. The tree has a wide-pyramidal crown with abundant foliage and few thorns. The bark is rough and brown. The shoots at the top are ribbed and have a light green color. Leaves are elongated-oval, large, 12 x 5 cm, corrugated and form a boat along the main vein. The flowers consist of 5 white petals with a cream shade and 19-21 fused stamens with a rounded pistil that rises above them.
Flowers can be arranged singly or several in small inflorescences, their size is up to 3 cm in diameter. The pollen is sterile. The fruits are round-flattened or slightly pear-shaped. Their weight is about 70 g, the average size is about 6 cm in diameter and 5 cm high. The peel is orange, slightly rough, 0.2-0.5 cm thick, well separated from the pulp. The pulp is sweet and sour in taste, juicy, divided into 9-12 slices and does not contain seeds. The content of vitamin C is 29 mg per 100 g of the product. The frost resistance of the variety is high.

Abkhazian early mandarin belongs to the most widespread and early varieties. Indoors, the tree grows small with large green leaves. The plant blooms in May and bears fruit in October. Fruits are medium in size, round in shape, have a thick, lumpy, dull yellow-orange skin. The pulp is juicy, sweet with a slight sourness, contains a large number of seeds. The fruits are easy to peel. The plant is afraid of an excess of moisture, so it is recommended to water it as the moisture in the earthen coma decreases.

The variety comes from the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Refers to early varieties. The crown of the tree is upright with few or no thorns. Tangerines are yellow-orange in color, relatively large, with a thick skin. The pulp is juicy, has a sweet and sour taste.

Important! Enemies for indoor tangerine are spider mite, scale insects, mealybugs, fungi and viruses.

A semi-early hybrid variety bred in Florida in 1942. It began to be massively grown in 1964 in Israel and Spain. Nova is ideal for growing in pots.
The tree has a spreading crown of medium size, on which there are no thorns. The leaves are elongated, similar to the Clementine variety. Refers to early varieties. For better fruiting, it is necessary to carry out formative pruning to remove weak fruits. Otherwise, next year's harvest will not be high. The flowers have a very fragrant scent. Fruits are medium in size with a thin skin that adheres tightly to the flesh and does not peel well. The pulp is juicy, dark orange in color, sweet, divided into 10-11 segments and contains up to 30 seeds. The fruits ripen fully in December. The crop must be removed immediately after ripening, otherwise its quality will deteriorate.

Unshiu variety belongs to the group Japanese varieties Satsuma, although originally from China. Cultivation took place in Japan and then spread throughout the world. Has a high frost resistance compared to other varieties of tangerines. Another advantage of the plant is the rapid ripening of fruits with low solar activity. Due to the small size of the crown, the variety is grown both outdoors and as a houseplant.
At home evergreen tree has a crown up to 1.5 m high with dense dark green leaves. The shape of the leaf blade is elongated, with strongly protruding veins. The foliage renewal period is 2 to 4 years. Flowering occurs in May. Flowers are white, numerous, collected in inflorescences of 4-6 pcs. The pollen is sterile. The fruits have a rounded-flattened shape, weighing up to 70 g. The orange peel is well peeled from the pulp.