Sealing of interpanel seams - high-quality work according to the rules!

Residents panel houses, suffering from damp, freezing walls in winter, honestly, do not think about how moisture penetrates into the building? When mold and fungus form on the walls, the natural reaction of a person is to fight the mold and fungus, and not the root cause that led to the formation of the fungus.

As practice shows, no means will help remove the fungus from the walls of the apartment until high-quality sealing between panel seams according to all rules and regulations.

Only sealing seams and joints in panel houses will return warmth to the apartments and get rid of damp walls, mold and fungus on them.

Industrial climbers of our company carry out fast and high-quality sealing of panel seams and joints according to new technology"warm seam", which guarantees not only quality and reliability, but also the durability of sealing. The "warm seam" technology is a high-quality and rather time-consuming work according to all the rules, which is carried out in three stages.

At the first stage, specialists thoroughly clean all interpanel seams and board joints from the old collapsed sealant, paint residues, cement chips and dirt accumulated in the cracks and crevices of the boards. Only dry and clean seams serve as a guarantee High Quality sealing.

Therefore, industrial climbers attach such importance to the stage of preparing seams for sealing. Only after all the seams and joints have been prepared in the most thorough way, the sealing of the seams begins.

It should be noted that in the process of sealing using the “warm seam” technology, our specialists use only environmentally friendly and quality materials. Such materials include Macroflex sealant, Vilaterm polyurethane foam insulation and Oksiplast sunscreen mastic.

A significant advantage of these materials is not only their quality and reliability, but also low prices. Next stage repair work- sealing and then insulation of interpanel seams and joints. At the final stage, all seams are treated with water-repellent and sun-protective mastics, which protect them from adverse effects. external environment. Sealing seams in panel houses using the "warm seam" technology is a guarantee that the apartments will be warm and dry, and about such phenomena as mold and fungus on damp walls can be forgotten forever.

Order the services of industrial climbers for sealing interpanel, balcony and window seams, as well as for insulation and repair of balconies and loggias, as a team of residents panel house, and any owner of an apartment in individually. After the order is accepted, industrial climbers will come to the site to study the degree of destruction of interpanel seams.

Based on this information, the scope of work, the consumption of materials are determined and an estimate is drawn up. Note that today it is only 30 running meters.

For corner apartments this minimum has been increased to 45 running meters. Terms of order fulfillment, as a rule, do not exceed 1-2 working days. Orders for external repair work in high-rise buildings are also accepted from organizations.

Question from a client

Hello.

Can you tell me, please, what are these cracks (or just open joints) along the gutters?

Cracks from 1 to 5 floors.

The house is brick.

How dangerous are they and how much will your termination work cost?

Good afternoon, Irina!

The cost of work is 480 rubles per meter (approximately what you sent in the photographs you have 3 seams of 17 meters each, approximately 25 tr.) But most likely each such seam has a full seam on the other side of the house (if they are already sealed during operation)

So I understand you sent a photo of the courtyard part of the house and the facade was repaired at one time ....

Sincerely, Vadim Snyatkov

thank you very much for the information.

I'll pass it on to my neighbors.

Manual to SNiP II-22-81 Expansion joints in the walls and ceilings of stone buildings:

Main / Technologies / Regulatory documentation / Manual to SNiP II-22-81 Expansion joints in the walls of buildings

/ SN 420-71 Building codes and rules for sealing joints
/ VSN 19-95 Instructions for the technology of sealing butt joints of panels of external walls of residential buildings
/ VSN 40-96 Instructions for the performance of work on sealing the joints of external walls and window blocks
/ TR 94.10-99 Technical regulations for sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ TR 94.07-99 Technical regulations for work on sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ Technological map 3 Sealing the joints of external wall panels, performed during the repair of series 1-464 "
/ Manual to SNiP II-22-81 Expansion joints in the walls of buildings, sealing expansion joints
/ Methods for sealing open and closed vertical joints of panels and their design
/ TR 196-08 Technical recommendations on the technology of sealing and sealing joints of external wall panels
/ 44-03 TK Technological map. Sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ VSN-119-75 instructions for sealing joints during the repair of prefabricated buildings
/ VSN 42-96 Instructions for the technology of sealing windows using sealants
/ TR 116-01 Technical recommendations on the technology of sealing joints of external wall panels
/ Guidelines for quality control and testing of joints of external wall panels of large-panel houses
/ Typical technical solutions for improving the thermal protection of buildings of the I-335 series
/ TR 95.07-99 Technological regulations for sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ Table 53-21. Repair and restoration of sealing of joints of external wall panels and jointing of seams of wall panels and floor panels
/ VSN 170-80 "Instruction Sealing vertical and horizontal joints of panels of external walls of the P44/16 series
/ VSN 17-94 Instructions for mechanized technology of thermal insulation of joints of external wall panels of residential buildings with phenol-formaldehyde foam plastic

Sealing expansion joints in external walls

Expansion joints Manual to SNiP II-22-81. Manual for the design of stone and reinforced masonry structures

Text update date: 01.10.2008

Status - active

Available now for viewing: 100% text. Full version document.

The document is approved by: TsNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko dated 1985-08-15

The document was developed by: TsNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko 109389, Moscow, 2nd Institutskaya st., 6

NIISF Gosstroy USSR 127238, Moscow, Lokomotivny proezd, 21

Bashkirgrazhdanproekt

DEFORMATION JOINTS

7.220. Expansion joints in the walls and ceilings of stone buildings are arranged in order to eliminate or reduce the negative impact of temperature and shrinkage deformations, foundation settlements, seismic effects, etc.

7.221. Temperature-shrinkage joints are arranged in places of possible concentration of temperature and shrinkage deformations, which can cause breaks, cracks, as well as distortions and shifts of masonry in structures that are unacceptable in terms of operation and durability.

7.222. The distances between the temperature-shrinkage seams should be determined by calculation in accordance with the instructions in appendix. eleven.

The maximum distances between expansion joints in non-reinforced external walls are taken in accordance with the instructions in p., without taking into account the effect of temperature and shrinkage.

The distances indicated in the paragraph can be increased by reinforcing the masonry walls according to the calculation.

Note. Cutting buildings with expansion joints in accordance with the requirements of paragraph reduces, but does not completely eliminate, thermal forces in walls and ceilings. Therefore, in all cases, it is necessary to carry out a design check for the effect of temperature and shrinkage of individual nodes and the interface of structures in which the concentration of temperature deformations and stresses is possible. The check is carried out in accordance with the instructions in App. eleven.

7.223. Expansion joints in the walls of buildings with extended (20 m or more) steel or reinforced concrete inclusions or reinforcement (beams, lintels, floor slabs, reinforcing belts, etc.) are arranged at the ends of the reinforced sections and inclusions, where concentration usually occurs temperature deformations and the formation of cracks and through gaps. Examples of expansion joints in these cases are shown in Fig. 60.

7.224. Expansion joints in the walls may not be arranged provided that the masonry is reinforced in places where the reinforcement breaks or at the ends of the inclusion according to the calculation in accordance with the instructions in appendix. eleven.

In buildings with longitudinal load-bearing walls and prefabricated ceilings that have frequent (every 1-2 m) cutting with transverse seams (see Fig. 60, b), expansion joints with an opening width of no more than 2.5 m and the absence of extended reinforced inclusions may not be arranged, regardless of the length and number of storeys of the building and the climatic conditions of the building area.

At the same time, the opening of cracks in the walls and at the ends of the reinforced lintels should not exceed the allowable values ​​according to Table. 1 app. eleven.

7.225. The design of expansion joints in walls, ceilings and coatings of stone buildings must meet the following requirements:

a) expansion joints in the outer and inner walls, ceilings and coverings (roofs) of buildings are recommended to be arranged in the same plane for the entire height of the building, excluding foundations, the cutting of which is optional; the question of cutting only the outer or only the inner walls with seams is decided separately with sufficient justification;

b) expansion joints in the walls must coincide with the joints in reinforced concrete or steel structures (ceilings, frames, strapping beams, etc.) that have a structural connection with the walls (embedding, anchors, etc.), and must also coincide with other types of seams (sedimentary, seismic, assembly, etc.);

c) expansion joints must have sufficient horizontal mobility (up to 10-20 mm) both during compression and expansion of the joint, and the design of the joint must ensure convenient installation, control and repair of sealing devices and insulation;

Crap. 60. Examples of expansion joints in the walls of stone buildings with reinforced inclusions (ceilings, beams, reinforced belts)

a - when reinforced inclusions are located in the middle part of the building; b - the same, in the extreme part; c - with a reinforced concrete coating (roof) with a seam; g - with foundation beams with a seam; e - examples of embedding reinforced inclusions in masonry walls; 1 - overlap; 2- reinforced concrete beam; 3 - metal beam; 4 - fittings; 5 - expansion joint in reinforced elements (plates, beams); 6 - the same, in stone walls(dotted line) ; 7 - prefabricated floors with transverse seams

d) the width of the expansion joint is determined by calculation, but must be at least 20 mm;

e) expansion joints of the outer walls must be water and airtight and frost-proof, for which they must have insulation and reliable sealing in the form of elastic and durable seals made of easily compressible and non-collapsible materials (for buildings with dry and normal operating conditions), metal or plastic expansion joints from corrosion-resistant materials (for buildings with damp and wet conditions).

7.226. Sealing of expansion joints in the outer walls is carried out using metal and plastic expansion joints (Fig. 61, e, b) or using elastic seals (Fig. 61, c, d).

The seams of the internal walls are sealed with sealants. The use of compensators for these purposes must be justified.

Crap. 61. Arrangement of expansion joints in the outer walls of buildings

a, b - with dry and normal operation modes; c, d - with wet and wet modes; 1 - insulation (roofing and roofing material with insulation or poroizol, gernit); 2 - plaster; 3 - stitching; 4 - compensator; 5 - antiseptic wooden slats 60´60 mm; 6 - insulation; 7 - vertical joints filled with cement mortar

Depending on the humidity interior spaces compensators can be made of corrosion-resistant sheet metal (galvanized or stainless steel, copper, lead, etc.) or special plastics (polyvinyl chloride, neoprene, butyl, etc.). The ends of the compensators must be tightly embedded in concrete or masonry walls, as shown in Fig. 61.

The use of sealants made of elastic porous materials (poroizol, gernit, etc.) for sealing joints in the outer walls, as well as packages of roofing material or roofing felt with an elastic insulation between the layers of these materials (see Fig. 61, a, b) is allowed only for buildings with dry and normal humidity conditions with a width of expansion joints not more than 30 mm. In this case, the expansion joint in the wall is performed. with masonry ledges (tongue, quarter, see Fig. 61, a, b).

When using compensators, the joints are laid without ledges. The seams are sealed with sealants on both sides (outside and inside).

Examples of expansion joints in reinforced concrete insulated and non-insulated roofs of buildings are shown in Fig. 62.

7.227. When the floors are supported on load-bearing transverse walls, crossbars of frame frames, etc., expansion joints are arranged in the form of two paired walls (Fig. 63, e, b), crossbars and frame columns or in the form of sliding joints of floor slabs based on cantilever outlets embedded in transverse walls or in special lines (Fig. 63, c, d). To ensure sliding under the slab supports, two layers of roofing iron should be laid, as shown in Fig. 63.

Crap. 62. Examples of expansion joints in reinforced concrete roofs

a - with a comb of concrete; b - with a crest of brickwork; in - without a comb; 1 - wooden antiseptic stoppers; 2 - compensator made of roofing iron; 3 - board 50´120 mm; 4 - concrete class B12.5; 5 - roll roofing; 6 - brickwork on mortar grade 100; 7 - bracket (-3´40) after 500 mm; 8 - reinforced concrete slabs

Crap. 63. Temperature joints in buildings with transverse load-bearing walls

a, b - in the form of two paired walls; c - in the form of a sliding support of floor slabs in the slab of a transverse wall; g - the same, on a cantilever plate embedded in the wall; 1 - insulation (roofing felt or roofing material with insulation or poroizol, gernit); 2 - two layers of galvanized iron; 3 - pliable connection - limiter with a diameter of 6-8 mm after 1.5-2 m; 4 - flashing; 5 - reinforced concrete console

7.228. Expansion joints in buildings with longitudinal load-bearing walls are arranged at internal transverse walls or partitions (Fig. 64).

Crap. 64. Temperature joints in buildings with longitudinal load-bearing walls

a - at the junction of the longitudinal wall with the transverse one; b - the same, at the transverse partition; 1 - insulation (roofing felt or roofing material with insulation or poroizol, gernit); 2 - jointing of the seam; 3 - flashing; 4 - tarred tow; 5 - partition

7.229. Plaster in places where expansion joints are installed should be embroidered (Fig. 64, a, b).

In residential, public and domestic premises, expansion joints are recommended to be closed from the side of the premises with flashings (see Fig. 64).

Frequently asked questions about seam sealing:
/

New sealing technology - "warm seam"

The problem of freezing in winter time years of outdoor panels in apartment buildings technology can solve

restorative repair of seams that are formed at the joints wall panels. If the seams are repaired, the quality of thermal insulation and sealing of the space between the panel will increase significantly, and the humidity in the room will stop rising and the temperature will drop.

This sealing of the seams is called "warm seam" and is very good recommendations after a fairly wide application throughout Russia, regardless of climatic zones and temperature differences.

The seam treatment method proposed by our company provides for the use in stages of materials such as Macroflex sealant, Oksiplast sunscreen mastic, Vilaterm-SP polyurethane foam insulation. And heat-insulating and sealing works on this technology are carried out as follows.

First, the repaired joints of the wall panels are properly processed. Then, if necessary, the damaged sections of the facade of the building are restored at the joints of the outer panels. Then, the inter-panel seams of the building are re-insulated, carefully and intensively. And only then is the thermal insulation and sealing of the joints of the panels on the facade outer part of the building carried out directly, which must be restored. performance panels and the building itself.

When we talk about preliminary work - processing of seams, we mean cleaning the seams from dirt and remaining paint, from any traces of previously used sealant, removing those parts of the panel that have peeled off, from the remnants of the solution. Also to preparatory work includes crack bridging. All cleaning operations, according to technology, are carried out only manually, no electrical engineering.

True, you can use some mechanical tools, such as a scalpel or a hammer.

High-quality sealing of seams is possible only on absolutely dry edges of the joints. During repair and restoration works, sealing of panel seams is carried out (using the "warm seam" technology) using sealing gaskets of the brand "Vilaterm-SP"

Only after careful pre-preparatory work, a gasket is placed (for sealing) in a completely cleared and completely dry joint, which first underwent a preliminary “compression” procedure of approximately fifty percent. The gasket "Vilaterm-SP" is laid along the entire length of the joint, without gaps.

The final sealing of the seams - to fill the joint cavity with a special sealant - is a responsible procedure that can only be performed by industrial climbers. Because this action takes place on the outside of the wall. Specialists for this work use an aerosol can with a special tip. Depending on how wide the joint is, the procedure for filling the joint cavity is carried out once or repeated as many times as necessary.

Please note that sealing and thermal insulation works can only be carried out at temperatures from +35 to -15 degrees Celsius.

Question from a client

Hello.

Can you tell me, please, what are these cracks (or just open joints) along the gutters?

Cracks from 1 to 5 floors.

The house is brick.

How dangerous are they and how much will your termination work cost?

Good afternoon, Irina!

The cost of work is 480 rubles per meter (approximately what you sent in the photographs you have 3 seams of 17 meters each, approximately 25 tr.) But most likely each such seam has a full seam on the other side of the house (if they are already sealed during operation)

So I understand you sent a photo of the courtyard part of the house and the facade was repaired at one time ....

Sincerely, Vadim Snyatkov

thank you very much for the information.

I'll pass it on to my neighbors.

Materials and technology for waterproofing expansion joints

Home / Seam Sealing Articles / Sealing expansion joints in walls

/ Who should close the interpanel seams in an apartment building?
/ Insulation and sealing of interpanel seams
/ Repair of interpanel seams
/ Insulation technology warm seam prices
/ Materials for sealing interpanel seams and joints
/ What to do if you have poor quality seam sealing work
/ How to remove the fungus on the wall in the apartment
/ Sealing expansion joints in walls
/ Primary sealing of interpanel joints and secondary sealing
/ What are the designs of joints of wall panels
/ Sealing of interpanel seams by climbers Price
/ Sealant for interpanel seams and joints, which is better?
/ Sealing window seams from the outside: materials and sealant for window slopes
/ The wall in the apartment freezes through what to do where to go?
/ Monolithic belts repair and finishing

Types of expansion joints and their waterproofing

Deformation is a change in the shape or size of a material body (or part of it) under the influence of any physical factors (external forces, heating and cooling, changes in humidity from other influences). Some types of deformations are named in accordance with the names of the factors affecting the body: temperature, shrinkage (shrinkage is a reduction in the size of a material body when its material loses moisture); sedimentary (settlement - subsidence of the foundation during compaction of the soil under it), etc. If by a material body we mean individual structures or even a structural system as a whole, then such deformations under certain conditions can cause violations of their bearing capacity or loss of performance.

Long buildings are subject to deformations under the influence of many reasons, for example: with a large difference in the load on the base under the central part of the building and its lateral parts, with heterogeneous soil at the base and uneven settlement of the building, with significant temperature fluctuations in the outside air and other reasons.

In these cases, cracks may appear in the walls and other elements of buildings, which reduce the strength and stability of the building. To prevent the appearance of cracks in buildings, expansion joints are arranged that cut the buildings into separate compartments.

Depending on the purpose, the following expansion joints are used: temperature, sedimentary, anti-seismic and shrinkage.

Temperature expansion joint

Structurally, the expansion joint is a cut that divides the entire building into sections. The size of the sections and the direction of division - vertical or horizontal - is determined by the design decision and the power calculation of static and dynamic loads.

To seal the cuts and reduce the level of heat loss through expansion joints, they are filled with an elastic heat insulator, most often these are special rubberized materials. Thanks to this division, the structural elasticity of the entire building increases and the thermal expansion of its individual elements does not have a devastating effect on other materials.

As a rule, the temperature expansion joint runs from the roof to the very foundation of the house, dividing it into sections. It does not make sense to divide the foundation itself, since it is below the freezing depth of the soil and does not experience such a negative impact as the rest of the building. The step of the expansion joints will be influenced by the type of applied building materials and geographic location object that determines the average winter temperature.

Sedimentary expansion joint

The second important area of ​​application of expansion joints is the compensation of uneven pressure on the ground during the construction of buildings with a variable number of storeys. In this case, the higher part of the building (and therefore heavier) will press on the ground with more force than the lower part. As a result, cracks can form in the walls and foundation of the building. A similar problem can be soil settlement within the area under the foundation of the building.

To prevent cracking of the walls in these cases, sedimentary expansion joints are used, which, unlike the previous type, divide not only the building itself, but also its foundation. Often in the same building there is a need to use seams various types. Combined expansion joints are called temperature-sedimentary.

Anti-seismic expansion joints

As their name implies, such seams are used in buildings located in seismically hazardous zones of the Earth. The essence of these seams is to divide the entire building into "cubes" - compartments that are themselves stable containers. Such a "cube" should be limited by expansion joints on all sides, along all faces. Only in this case the anti-seismic seam will work.

Along the anti-seismic joints, double walls or double rows of supporting columns are arranged, which are the basis load-bearing structure each individual compartment.

Shrink expansion joint

Shrinkage expansion joints are used in cast-in-situ concrete frames, since concrete, when hardened, tends to decrease somewhat in volume due to water evaporation. Shrinkage seam prevents the occurrence of cracks that violate the load-bearing capacity monolithic frame.

The meaning of such a seam is that it expands more and more, parallel to the hardening of a monolithic frame. After the hardening is over, the resulting deformation seam is completely minted. To give hermetic resistance to shrinkage and any other expansion joints, special sealants and waterstops are used.

The picture shows two sections of a residential building in Maryino. They converge at an angle and are connected by balconies. Between balconies on both sides - Expansion joints between buildings. First, we sealed the joints with vilaterm with a diameter of 40 and 60 mm, then closed them with a strip of painted galvanized sheet. The sheets were attached with dowels and self-tapping screws to the wall; they were not attached to the building with dowels, the solution was to glue it with sealing mastic.

Expansion joints between buildings - filling vilaterm

If we have two sections of houses, docked with blank end walls. There is only one constructive solution, it is necessary to perform a sealing unit for two walls in a manner that is used at the joints of panels of panel houses. I will only clarify that sealing must be done around the entire perimeter of the joint, that is, close the parapet on the roof too. The sealing gasket must be inserted with 25-30% compression, i.e. cross section choose according to the size of the gap between the walls (if there is a gasket).

The sealing of joints of expansion joints of building structures and its individual elements is carried out by viloterm / isonel with a compression of at least 60%. The diameter is selected depending on the width of the seam. A mastic with a high adhesion index and a high elongation coefficient is applied over the vilaterm. Sometimes Macroflex foam is used for good fixation of the vilotherm and additional thermal insulation. If it is provided by the project for the building.

7.220. Expansion joints in the walls and ceilings of stone buildings are arranged in order to eliminate or reduce the negative impact of temperature and shrinkage deformations, foundation settlements, seismic effects, etc.

Outcome: in normative documents the mandatory need to seal these seams is not stipulated. All this is determined from the conditions of construction and subsequent operation of the building, that is, it should be reflected primarily in project documentation and then already completed by the builders.

Methods for sealing interpanel seams in panel buildings

Before starting work on sealing interpanel seams (joints), it is necessary:

determine the cause of freezing, leakage of panel seams.

We will carry out comprehensive work on sealing and repairing interpanel seams of the entire building or problem areas of the facade of the building.

Before starting work, a specialist will visit the site to inspect and select materials.

We will select materials for sealing joints based on the type of joints, weather conditions and the wishes of the customer.

The work will be performed using industrial mountaineering technologies or traditional methods works (scaffolding, cradles).

Our climbers have been trained in specialized training centers, own construction specialties, and most importantly - have extensive practical experience in sealing interpanel seams in buildings.

Stages of work on sealing interpanel seams of panel buildings

Before starting work on sealing interpanel seams (joints), it is necessary to determine the cause of freezing, leakage of panel seams.

Inspection of interpanel joints

The scope of work on sealing interpanel seams depends on the type of seam defects, the place of their manifestation and the design of the sealed joints.

If defects in inter-panel seams are detected more than 25% of the estimated scope of work on sealing seams on the facade, it is necessary to seal the inter-panel seams and joints throughout the entire scope of work, also to seal the joints between the balcony panels and the exterior inter-block panels of the house, as well as adjoining windows to the panels.

If there are spot leaks in the interpanel seams, the interpanel seam itself, as well as the horizontal and vertical interpanel external seams adjacent to it on the facade of the building and the adjunction of window blocks to the panel of this seam, are subject to repair.

If there are leaks at the junction of window and balcony blocks to the panels of the house, only these seams are subject to sealing.

If the seam freezes or "blows through", then only defective interpanel seams are subject to repair and sealing.

Methods for carrying out high-altitude work on sealing interpanel seams of buildings

After examining the interpanel seams of the building, one of the following options sealing and repair of interpanel seams:

Sealing of interpanel seams with 100% opening of joints to be repaired with their subsequent cleaning and sealing;

Repair and restoration sealing of the external seams of the building with partial opening of defective seams;

Surface sealing of house panel joints.

Technology for sealing interpanel seams

Preparation of interpanel repair joints

Materials for waterproofing interpanel joints

Frequently asked questions about seam sealing:
/

During the construction and design of structures for various purposes, an expansion joint is used, which is necessary to strengthen the entire structure. The task of the seam is the safety of the structure from seismic, sedimentary and mechanical influences. This procedure serves as an additional strengthening of the house, protects against destruction, shrinkage and possible shifts and distortions on the soil.

Definition of an expansion joint and its types

Expansion joint- a section on the structure, which reduces the load on parts of the structure, which increases the stability of the building and the level of its resistance to loads.

It makes sense to use this stage of construction when designing large premises, placing a building in places of weak soil, active seismic phenomena. The seam is also made in areas with high rainfall.

Based on the purpose, expansion joints are divided into:

• temperature;
• shrinkage;
• sedimentary;
• seismic.

In some buildings, due to the peculiarities of their location, combinations of methods are used to protect against several causes of deformation at once. This can be caused when the terrain on which the construction is being built has soil that is prone to subsidence. It is also recommended to make several types of seams when building long tall houses, with many various designs and elements.

Temperature joints

These construction methods serve as protection against temperature changes and fluctuations. Even in cities located in areas with temperate climate when moving from high summer temperature to low winter, cracks of various sizes and depths often appear on houses. Subsequently, they lead to deformation not only of the box of the structure, but also of the base. To avoid these problems, the building is divided by seams, at a distance which is determined based on the material from which the structure was erected. It also takes into account the maximum low temperature characteristic of this area.

Such seams are used only on the wall surface, since the foundation, due to its location in the ground, is less susceptible to temperature changes.

Shrink seams

They are used less often than others, mainly when creating a monolithic concrete frame. The fact is that concrete during hardening is often covered with cracks, which subsequently grow and create cavities. In the presence of a large number of cracks in the foundation, the building structure may not withstand and collapse.
The seam is applied only until the foundation has completely hardened. The meaning of its use is that it grows until all the concrete becomes solid. In this way, concrete foundation completely shrinks, without being covered with cracks.

After the final drying of the concrete, the cut must be completely minted.

To ensure that the seam is completely sealed and does not let moisture through, special sealants and waterstops are used.

Sedimentary expansion joints

Such structures are used in the construction and design of structures of different heights. So, for example, when building a house, in which there will be two floors on one side and three on the other. In this case, that part of the building with three floors exerts much more pressure on the soil than the one with only two. Due to uneven pressure, the soil can sag, thereby causing strong pressure on the foundation and walls.

From the change in pressure various surfaces structures are covered with a network of cracks and subsequently subjected to destruction. In order to prevent deformation of structural elements, builders use a sedimentary expansion joint.

Strengthening divides not only the walls, but also the foundation, thereby protecting the house from destruction. It has a vertical shape and is located from the roof to the base of the structure. Creates a fixation of all parts of the structure, protects the house from destruction, deformation of varying severity.

Upon completion of the work, it is necessary to seal the recess itself and its edges to fully protect the structure from moisture and dust. For this, ordinary sealants are used, which can be found in hardware stores. Work with materials is carried out according to general rules and recommendations. An important condition the arrangement of the seam is its complete filling with material so that there are no voids inside.
On the surface of the walls, they are made of tongue and groove, with a thickness of about half a brick; in the lower part, the seam is made without a shunt.

In order to prevent moisture from getting inside the building, a clay castle. Thus, the seam not only protects against the destruction of the structure, but also turns out to be an additional sealant. The house is protected from groundwater.

This type of seams must be arranged at the points of contact of various sections of the building, in such cases:

• if parts of the building are placed on soil of different flowability;
• in the event that others are added to an existing structure, even if they are made of identical materials;
• with a significant difference in height separate parts buildings that exceed 10 meters;
• in any other cases where there is reason to expect uneven subsidence of the foundation.

seismic seams

Such structures are also called anti-seismic. It is necessary to create this kind of fortification in areas with an increased seismic nature - the presence of earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, volcanic eruptions. So that the building does not suffer from bad weather, it is customary to build such fortifications. The design is designed to protect the house from destruction during earth tremors.
Seismic seams are designed according to their own scheme. The meaning of the design is the creation of separate non-communicating vessels inside the building, which will be separated along the perimeter by expansion joints. Often inside the building, expansion joints are arranged in the form of a cube with equal sides. The faces of the cube are sealed with double brickwork. The design is designed for the fact that at the time of seismic activity, the seams will hold the structure without allowing the walls to collapse.

The use of various types of seams in construction

With temperature fluctuations, structures made of reinforced concrete are subject to deformation - they can change their shape, size and density. When concrete shrinks, the structure shortens and sags over time. Since subsidence occurs unevenly, when the height of one part of the structure decreases, the others begin to shift, thereby destroying each other or forming cracks and depressions.

Nowadays, each reinforced concrete structure is an integral indivisible system, which is highly susceptible to changes in the environment. So, for example, during the settlement of the soil, sharp fluctuations in temperature, sedimentary deformations, mutual additional pressure arises between the parts of the structure. Constant changes in pressure lead to the formation of various defects on the surface of the structure - punctures, cracks, dents. To avoid the formation of defects in the building, the builders use several types of cuts, which are designed to strengthen the building and protect it from various destructive factors.

In order to reduce the pressure between the elements in multi-storey or extended buildings, it is necessary to use sedimentary and temperature-shrinkage types of seams.

In order to determine the required distance between the seams on the surface of the structure, the level of moisture content of the material of the columns and connections is taken into account. The only case when there is no need to install expansion joints is the presence of rolling supports.
Also, the distance between the seams often depends on the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures. environment. The lower the temperature, the farther apart the recesses should be. Thermal shrinkage joints permeate the structure from the roof to the base of the foundation. While sedimentary isolate different parts of the building.
A shrinkage joint is sometimes formed by installing several pairs of columns.
The temperature-shrinkage joint is usually formed by arranging paired columns on a common foundation. Sedimentary seams are also designed by installing several pairs of supports that are opposite each other. In this case, each of the support columns must be equipped with its own foundation and fasteners.

The design of each seam is designed to be clearly structured, securely fix the elements of the structure, be reliably sealed from Wastewater. The seam must be resistant to temperature extremes, the presence of precipitation, resist deformation from wear, shock, mechanical stress.

Seams must be made in case of uneven ground, uneven height of the walls.

The expansion joints are insulated with mineral wool or polyethylene foam. This is due to the need to protect the premises from cold temperatures, the penetration of dirt from the street, and is provided additional soundproofing. Other types of heaters are also used. From the inside of the room, each seam is sealed with elastic materials, and from the side of the street - with sealants that can protect against atmospheric precipitation or flashings. Facing material do not cover the expansion joint. At interior decoration the seam is covered with decorative elements at the discretion of the builder.

Expansion seam in brickwork necessary to ensure high-quality and effective protection of the building from premature destruction due to uneven shrinkage of the building or soil instability.

Competently and correctly created, it will help prevent cracks in the walls of the building and gaps in bearing walls Oh. To avoid cracking of the walls due to significant temperature changes, an expansion joint in the brickwork will help. The design of the expansion joint is given increased attention, since the strength and durability of the building depend on its implementation.

Kinds

Thermal seams must be made strictly according to the SNiP regulations

There are several types of seams that increase the resistance of the structure to various factors affecting its durability:

Temperature connections provide reliable protection from the negative effects of changes in ambient temperature. Their device complies with the regulations of SNiP II-22-81, paragraphs 6.78-6.82.

Their peculiarity lies in the fact that such seams are arranged in accordance with the height of the walls, without affecting the foundation.

At a temperature of + 20 ° C in the hot season and -18 ° C or lower during the winter cold, it expands and narrows. Accordingly, its height changes. The range of such changes reaches 0.5 cm for every 10 m of height. It depends on the air temperature, but in any case, when creating them, they use a tongue filled with a tight, tight gasket in order to avoid blowing.

The width of the seam is from 0.1 to 0.2 cm, depending on the air temperature in each individual area.

Sedimentary joints help the building withstand heavy loads

Sedimentary joints are designed to protect the load-bearing walls of the building from deformation and premature destruction under the influence of increased loads. It is these loads that lead to uneven shrinkage of the building and the appearance of cracks on the walls.

These defects occur most often during the construction of multi-storey buildings. Sedimentary expansion joints begin to form from the foundation of the house.

Anti-seismic seams are those whose device is mandatory in areas with increased seismic hazard. Soil mobility and tremors lead to significant deformations, which result in cracking of the walls and their subsequent destruction. The peculiarity of such seams is that with their help the building is divided into separate stable blocks.

To fill the seam, a heater, sealant and mastic are used, the density of which will ensure the quality of the device and withstand the upcoming loads.

The ability of the building to withstand deformations, its reliability and durability depends on the quality of the filling of the seam.

Device

The most common is the temperature expansion joint, since significant temperature differences become one of the most common causes, along which the walls of buildings crack and collapse. The width of the arranged seam also depends on the temperature level.

In accordance with the regulations, it cannot be less than 2 cm, and in some cases reaches 3 cm. This is due to the fact that the expansion joints have sufficient horizontal mobility. The distance between the seams is at least 15 and not more than 20 m. In the hottest areas, this distance can be reduced to 10 m. For more information on the need for masonry joints, see this video:

The design is easy to install. The work is done with:

• harnesses;
• elastic fillers, characterized by the ability to maintain elasticity after hardening;
• bentonite or other substances that contain a small percentage of concrete;
• high elasticity sealants.

The construction of the expansion joint begins during the construction of the house. To do this, it is enough to retreat the required distance from the main masonry and fill it with insulation or sealant. The installation process will be easier if the depth of the sealant is small.

In reinforced concrete and stone structures of considerable length, dangerous self-stresses appear due to shrinkage and temperature effects, as well as due to uneven settlement of foundations. An example is the outer walls of buildings, which, with seasonal temperature changes, periodically receive increasing tensile or compressive strains. As a result, the walls of the building can break into two or more parts, depending on the length of the building. Additional stresses in structures from uneven settlement of supports arise when the foundations of buildings are placed on heterogeneous soils or when the pressures of the foundations on the foundations are not the same.

In order to reduce their own stresses from temperature differences, shrinkage of concrete and settlement of supports, reinforced concrete and stone structures of buildings are divided along the length and width into separate parts (deformation blocks) by temperature-shrinkage and settlement joints. Temperature-shrinkage seams cut buildings to the top of the foundation, and sedimentary seams - including the foundation. This is due to the fact that the temperature and humidity regime of the foundations fluctuates slightly, therefore, small self-stresses arise in it from shrinkage and temperature changes. In buildings from monolithic concrete expansion joints are at the same time working joints, i.e. places for stopping work on laying concrete for a long time.

The total width of the expansion joints depends on the size of the expansion blocks of the building and possible temperature fluctuations. Calculations show that during the construction of buildings in conditions average temperature their deformation blocks can be separated by seams 0.5 cm wide; they can even come into close contact, since, due to the shrinkage of concrete, the seams themselves will open and form a gap sufficient to elongate the longitudinal structures of the blocks with increasing temperature. If the structures are erected at a relatively low temperature, then the width of the seam is usually taken as 2 ... 3 cm.

Buildings or structures that are rectangular in plan are usually divided by seams into equal parts. In buildings with extensions, it is convenient to place expansion joints in the incoming corners; with different number of storeys - in conjugation of a low part with a high one (Fig. 148), and when new buildings or structures adjoin old ones - at the junction. In seismic regions, expansion joints are also used as anti-seismic ones.

Expansion joints in enclosing structures are solved in a relatively uniform way, which cannot be said about the structures of the supporting frame. The most simple Constructive decisions temperature joints. In one-story buildings, this is achieved by installing paired columns.

Expansion joints in frame buildings are most often formed by installing double columns and paired beams (Fig. 149, a). Such seams are the most expensive and are recommended for high-rise buildings with heavy or dynamic loads. In panel buildings, seams are performed by setting paired transverse walls. When resting the floor beams on the walls, it is advisable to arrange the expansion joint with the help of a sliding support (Fig. 149.6).

In monolithic reinforced concrete structures, expansion joints are arranged by freely supporting the end of the beam of one part of the buildings on the console of the beam of the other part of the building (Fig. 149, c);

in cantilever expansion joints, the contacting parts must be made strictly horizontal, since otherwise, due to jamming of the seam, both the console and the part of the beam lying on it can be damaged (Fig. 150, a). Especially dangerous is the reverse slope of the supporting surface of the console. Exemplary designs of expansion joints in walls and ceilings are shown in fig. 150, in, city

Sedimentary seams (when new buildings adjoin old ones, in places where high parts of a building meet low ones, when buildings are erected on heterogeneous and subsiding soils) are arranged by means of paired columns based on independent foundations, or installed in the gap between two parts of the building (with independent foundations) loosely supported insert slabs or beam structures (Fig. 150.6). The latter solution is most often used in prefabricated structures.