My city is Nizhny Novgorod. About the city of Nizhny Novgorod In which region is the city of Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod (in 1932-1990 - Gorky) is the regional center of the Volga region, the administrative center of the Volga Federal District. In terms of population, Nizhny Novgorod ranks fifth in Russia as a whole. The city is separated from Moscow by four hundred and thirty kilometers. Nizhny Novgorod is included in the UNESCO list of cities of historical and cultural heritage.
Nizhny Novgorod is located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga, and the Oka passes through the entire city, dividing it into two parts. In total, twelve rivers flow through the territory of Nizhny Novgorod, and there are also three dozen lakes on it.
Modern Nizhny Novgorod is a large industrial center, the factories of the city produce cars, water and aircraft, products of the military-industrial complex. Perhaps the largest machine-building plant located in Nizhny Novgorod is GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant), a few years ago, in 2002, which celebrated its 70th anniversary.
At present, the volume of GAZ production is more than half of the total production of trucks in Russia as a whole, in the passenger car market the indicator is much slower - about five percent. In addition, the Gorky Automobile Plant produces military equipment, in particular, armored personnel carriers. In addition to GAZ, other large machine-building enterprises are located in Nizhny Novgorod: Krasnoe Sormovo Sokol (an aircraft industrial enterprise, production of military and civil aircraft), Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant (production of military equipment and equipment for the nuclear industry), Gidromash (production of aircraft chassis, hydraulic equipment), Heat exchanger ( production of thermal equipment and aviation life support systems), (production of watercraft).
In Nizhny Novgorod, not only heavy, but also light industry is developed (production of linen products, garments, knitwear, leather goods, woodworking, printing). The food industry of Nizhny Novgorod is represented by the Nizhny Novgorod sparkling wine factory, well-known throughout Russia, as well as a brewery, meat processing plants, a dairy, a confectionery factory, and so on. Nizhny Novgorod has a large number of hotels of various price categories and stars.
Nizhny Novgorod is an important traffic intersection, one of the branches of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it; the city has a railway and river stations, as well as a cargo port. The intra-city transport network includes trams, trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis, as well as two metro lines.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city with a developed vocational education system. The Nikolai Lobachevsky University is widely known outside the region, it includes nineteen faculties, where about forty thousand students study. Another large university in Nizhny Novgorod is the Technological University (NSTU), which trains about eleven thousand students.
The cultural life of Nizhny Novgorod is rich: eight theaters work here, including one of the oldest drama theaters in Russia; seventeen cinemas, nearly a hundred libraries, five concert halls, and a wide variety of entertainment options. The city hosts the first digital planetarium in Russia.
The following museums operate in Nizhny Novgorod: Gorky Museum, Kashirin's House, Dobrolyubov House-Museum, Alexander Pushkin Museum, Academician Sakharov's Apartment-Museum, Russian Museum of Photography. And of course, one cannot fail to mention the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, built at the beginning of the sixteenth century. On its territory are the administrative authorities of the city and region, as well as temples and museums.
One of the main streets of Nizhny Novgorod, running from Minin Square and Pozharsky Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, is a pedestrian street. This is a real tourist street, at its beginning there is the main entrance to the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin - one of the main attractions of the city.
Nizhny Novgorod is an Orthodox city, it contains large ancient monasteries (Annunciation and Pechersky), churches (in particular, Christmas, or the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos; Smolensk) and temples.
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What UV radiation from the Sun is
Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
-
UV-A. Long-wavelength radiation range
315-400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.
-
UV-B. Medium wavelength range
280-315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
-
UV-C. Shortwave range
100-280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone before reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone is in the spring, and the minimum is in the fall. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.
At what values of the UV index is there a danger
The UV Index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV Index values range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.
- 0 - 2 Low
- 3 - 5 Moderate
- 6 - 7 High
- 8 - 10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points throughout the year.
Why the sun is useful
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and has antirachitic functions.
Why the sun is dangerous
Taking sun baths, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. It lowers immunity, damages the retina of the eyes, causes aging of the skin, and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain
How the sun affects people
Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most affected by the Sun
People with light
skin tone
People with many moles
Mid-latitude residents on holiday in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Alpine skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun more dangerous
It is a common misconception that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can get burnt even in cool cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which is not the case with traditional beach destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from destructive rays, follow these simple rules:
Stay less in the Sun at midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
You are more in the shade on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in degree of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. At the same time, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For sunbathing on the beach, it is better to take 30 or more. However, for light-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to apply sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Specify the required amount for application in the instructions of the cream.
How to apply sunscreen when swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time you bathe. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when bathing, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and towel drying is also a reason to re-protect your skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide adequate protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their effect on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight bouncing off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use UV-filtered sunglasses to protect your eyes.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.
Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, the Sun is most dangerous in the mountains. Protecting your face, lower chin and ears is essential even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you are burned
Sponge your body with a damp sponge to dampen the burn
Apply an anti-burn cream to the burned areas.
If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (the skin is very swollen and blistering), seek medical attention
Nizhny Novgorod is a city located on the banks of the Oka and Volga rivers. This is the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region and the Volga Federal District. In addition, Nizhny Novgorod is the fifth most populous city in Russia. The Oka divides the city into two parts. The upland part of the city and its historical center are located on the right bank. The part of the city on the left gently sloping bank is called the trans-river.
photo from www.prigorodnig.ru
STORY
Nizhny Novgorod was founded in 1221 at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers. Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich is called the founder of the city. In 1341, the city was appointed the capital of the independent Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality, which was annexed to Moscow in the middle of the 15th century. Later, Nizhny Novgorod played the role of a guard post, had its own permanent army, and it was here that Russian soldiers gathered before the campaigns against the Kazan Khanate. Around this time, a stone Kremlin was built to replace the wooden one.
photo from www.tainy.net
During the Time of Troubles, Nizhny Novgorod remained one of the few cities that continued to support Moscow. Nizhny Novgorod residents Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky glorified their hometown throughout the country after the Nizhny Novgorod militia under their leadership played a decisive role in the liberation of the country from the Polish invaders.
The rapid economic development of Nizhny Novgorod began in the 19th century, thanks to the emergence of the largest fair in Russia. At this time, large industrial enterprises began to appear, a railway was built.
In 1932, the city of Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky. At the same time, one of the largest industrial enterprises, the Gorky Automobile Plant, began to work in the city, which later, during the Great Patriotic War, played an important role in the country's defense industry.
In 1990, the city was renamed Nizhny Novgorod again.
Today this large city is a major center for shipbuilding, aviation, automobile manufacturing and information technology, as well as the largest center for river tourism in Russia. It is here that numerous international exhibitions are held, which were based on the famous Nizhny Novgorod Fair.
ATTRACTION
The first place you should definitely go to in Nizhny Novgorod is the historical center of the city. Despite numerous developments and attempts to create a business district on the site of the historic center, a significant number of buildings from the 18th - early 20th centuries have survived, including beautiful monuments of wooden architecture.
Always attracts tourists famous Nizhny Novgorod stone Kremlin the beginning of the 16th century, which is a fortress with 13 watchtowers, which stretches for two kilometers. Previously, many churches were located on the territory of the Kremlin, but today guests of the city can only admire the view of only the Archangel Michael Cathedral - the oldest surviving building in the Kremlin.
photo from www.liveinternet.ru
In addition, many monasteries and temples built in the Middle Ages have survived in Nizhny Novgorod. Especially among them, the Pechersky and Annunciation monasteries are distinguished, but it will also be interesting to visit the Church of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos, the Smolensk Church, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral on the Strelka, the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist on the Torga.
Pechersky Ascension Monastery founded by the monk of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery Dionysius in 1328-1330. In 1597 the monastery was almost completely destroyed by a landslide and it was rebuilt, but in a new place, a little closer to the city. The main buildings of the monastery complex - the Ascension Cathedral with a high bell tower, the Churches of Euthymius of Suzdal and the Church of the Assumption - are a majestic spectacle and are perceived from the outside as a single multi-domed church.
photo from www.farm3.staticflickr.com
Annunciation Monastery was founded as one of the first monasteries in Nizhny Novgorod in the 13th century. It consists of five church buildings and three residential buildings, which are surrounded by a low stone wall.
photo from www.istina.ortox.ru
In addition to numerous temples and churches, guests of the city are traditionally invited to visit the A.M. Gorky "Kashirin's House" , which is located in a house that belonged to the grandfather of the famous writer, artisan Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin. In the museum you can see many items belonging to the Kashirin family, as well as visit an exhibition dedicated to the story "Childhood". In addition, it is popular with tourists. Gorky Museum-Apartment , located in a house on Martynovskaya Street, where the writer rented an apartment in 1902-1904.
photo from www.efemerid.ru
Nizhny Novgorod, like Moscow, has its own "Arbat". That's just what it is called Pokrovskaya street ... This is a pedestrian street in the historical part of the city, along which you can walk to the Dmitrievskaya Tower of the Kremlin. On the "Nizhny Novgorod Arbat" buildings of the 19th - early 20th centuries have survived, which today can already be called architectural monuments, and one of the oldest theaters in Russia is located - the Nizhny Novgorod State Academic Drama Theater named after Gorky.
photo from www.efemerid.ru
Do not forget to look at the oldest monument in Nizhny Novgorod - the obelisk in honor of the famous fellow countrymen Minin and Pozharsky, built in 1828.
There is an unusual attraction in Nizhny Novgorod - Chkalovskaya stairs , which stretches from the Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment to the Chkalov monument on the Verkhnevolzhskaya. This is the longest memorial staircase in the country - it has 560 steps, which is almost 3 times more than on the Potemkin Stairs in Odessa.
From museums, guests of the city will be interested in visiting the Russian Museum of Photography, the Museum of the River Fleet, the Museum of the History of OJSC GAZ, the Open Air Museum of Russian Steam Locomotives, the Museum of the History of Tram and Trolleybus, the Museum of the Nizhny Novgorod Intelligentsia.
photo from www.rutraveller.ru
Nizhny Novgorod
The center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, 439 km east of Moscow. Located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga. The climate is moderately continental. Average temperatures in January are -12 ° C, in July 18 ° C. Annual precipitation is about 500 mm. Large transport hub: 6 railway lines (3 main lines). River port. The airport. Metropolitan (since 1985). The population is 1,440.6 thousand people (1992; 95.1 thousand in 1897; 222 thousand in 1926; 644 thousand in 1949; 941 thousand in 1959; 1170 thousand in 1970; 1344 thousand in 1979); 3rd (after Moscow and St. Petersburg) city in Russia in terms of population.
Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod. "In a white field, a red deer: black antlers and hooves." Highest approved on 8/16/1781
It was founded in 1221 by the Vladimir prince Yuri Vsevolodovich as a fortress (the name "Nizhny" and "Novograd Nizovskie lands" appeared only in the documents of the XIV century as a designation of the center of a vast area lying downstream of the Volga and Oka rivers with their tributaries). Since 1350 - the capital of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality created in 1341. Due to its advantageous geographical position, NN acquired the importance of a large commercial and cultural center; chronicles were kept in the Pechersky Monastery (founded in 1328-30); in 1377, the monk Laurentius compiled a collection of annals for the Grand Duke Dmitry (the so-called Laurentian Chronicle). Initially, the city was surrounded by oak walls; in 1372, the construction of a stone Kremlin began. In 1392, under Vasily I, N.N. was annexed to Moscow and soon became a stronghold of Russia in the struggle against the Kazan Khanate. In 1506-11, under Vasily III, a new brick Kremlin was built. The fortress allowed the citizens of Nizhny Novgorod to repel the raids of the Tatars in 1520 and 1536. From the second half of the XVI century. - one of the largest trade and craft centers of the Moscow state; since that time, 2 parts of the city have been formed: Nagornaya (center) and Zarechnaya (later - an industrial region). In 1611-12, the people's militia of the zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin and prince D.M. Pozharsky was formed in N.N. against the Polish invaders. Since 1719 - the center of the Nizhny Novgorod province. Since the XIX century. the city is of commercial and industrial importance; the flour-grinding industry and industries associated with the Volga shipping were especially developed. The growth of the city was also favored by the transfer in 1817 of the Makariev Fair in N.N., the construction in 1849 of the Sormovo shipbuilding plant, and the construction of a railway to Moscow in 1862. From the middle of the XIX century. Volga Shipping Company is developing intensively.
Since the end of the XIX century. N. N. is the center of the revolutionary movement. N.N. is the birthplace of mechanic I.P. Kulibin, mathematician N.I. Lobachevsky, literary critic N.A. Dobrolyubov, composer M.A. Balakirev, writer P.I. Melnikov (Pechersky). In 1932 the city was renamed Gorky in honor of the native of N.N., the writer M. Gorky (A. M. Peshkov). From 1991 - again N.N.
Modern N.N. is the largest machine-building center in Russia (70% of industrial production), including auto and shipbuilding. The leading enterprise in the industry is the automobile plant, with which the Krasnaya Etna plant is connected, which is the main supplier of auto-normals in the country, factories - specialized machines (produces vans, trailers, etc.), gearboxes, stamps and molds, etc. The Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard is the main shipbuilding base of the Volga fleet. The Dvigatel Revolyutsii plant is a major manufacturer of marine diesel engines and gas engine compressors for main gas pipelines. There are also factories - aircraft, milling machines, mill and elevator equipment, peat machines, television ("Chaika" brand), enterprises - converting metallurgy, chemical industry, woodworking, building materials. Food (mill, meat, dairy factories; macaroni, confectionery factories; factories - brewing and champagne wines) and light industry (linen mill, hosiery, leather and footwear, sewing factories). Near N. N. - Gorkovskaya hydroelectric power station on the Volga (near the city of Zavolzhye), Balakhninskaya state district power station and combined heat and power plant. Gas pipelines from Saratov and Minnibaev, an oil pipeline from Almetyevsk. University, technical university. Conservatory. Institutes: water transport engineers, architecture and construction, agricultural, medical, pedagogical institute of foreign languages. Faculty of the Moscow Commercial University, branches of the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Finance and Economics and the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Railway Engineers. Theaters: drama, opera and ballet, young spectator, comedy, puppet theater. Museums: Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve (founded in 1896), Art (Western European, Russian and Soviet art); folk arts and crafts; architecture and everyday life of the peoples of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region; M. Gorky with the branches "House of Kashirin" and "The last apartment of M. Gorky in Nizhny Novgorod" House-Museum of the Nevzorov sisters; river fleet; House-Museum of Ya. M. Sverdlov.
The planning structure of N.N. by the beginning of the 17th century. consisted in the Nagornaya part of the City (i.e., the Kremlin), the Upper (from the south) and Lower (under the high bank) posadov surrounding it, scattered over the neighboring hills of the settlements (Kanavinskaya Sloboda was part of Zaochye). The line of the Kremlin's defensive walls (1500-12, possibly the Italian architect Pyotr Fryazin), with numerous towers (originally 13; large square towers with gates alternate with smaller round ones; restoration - 1960-70s, supervisor S.A. Agafonov ), outlines the territory in the form of an irregular triangle; in the Kremlin there is a cubic, eight-sided tent on a low eight-sided pavilion of the Archangel Michael Cathedral (built in 1631, in honor of the victory of the Nizhny Novgorod militia in 1612, architects L. Vozoulin and A. Konstantinov; since 1962, the remains of Kuzma Minin have been in the cathedral). Near the Kremlin, on the coastal slope, is located the founded in the XIII century. Annunciation Monastery: 5-head, surrounded by a low gallery, the Annunciation Cathedral (1649) with a single-domed Sergievskaya church attached from the south-west (late 17th - early 18th centuries), a refectory with a two-tent Assumption Church (1678), a bell tower and cells (all - 17th v.). Downstream of the Volga, not far from the Kremlin, is located the XIV century. Pechersky Monastery: 5-head, on the white stone basement of the Ascension Cathedral (1632, possibly architect A. Konstantinov), with a bell tower (1632), a gate-roofed church of Euthymius of Suzdal (1645, architect Konstantinov), a refectory with a tent-roofed Assumption Church (1648), Peter and Paul Church (1638, architect Konstantinov), Bishops' Chambers (XVII-XVIII centuries). Above the bank of the Oka, between the Kremlin and the Pokhvalinsky ravine, the structures of the posad have been preserved. Churches: Myrrh-Bearing Women (1649, 5-domed, on a high basement; appearance changed by alterations of the 20th century, 4-pitched roof, devoid of chapters); Dormition on Ilinskaya Gora (1672, crowned with 5 tiled heads on high drums, with kokoshniks at the base); famous architectural monument N.N. - Christmas church at the Stroganovs estate in the so-called Stroganov style, completed with 5 chapters with patterned crosses, with an extensive 2-tier refectory, on the facades - rich brick decor in the form of motifs of fruits, cartouches, curls (1719 ; in the interior of the refectory - white stone carving, in the interior of the church - an iconostasis with fine, abundant wooden carvings, icons of the 18th century, picturesque panels; now a museum). Preserved houses of the 17th - early 18th centuries, mostly 2-storey, made of "large-sized" bricks, with windows decorated with figured frames, kokoshniks, with wooden extensions, porches, high roofs: Chatygin (the so-called house of Peter I, who stayed here in 1695, heading for the Azov campaign), the Pushnikov chambers (consisting of 2 connected buildings, built at different times), Olisov. On the left bank of the Oka there is a 5-domed church of the Smolensk Mother of God at the Stroganovs' estate in Gordeevka (1697) with rich decor in the so-called Stroganov style.
For the Nagornaya part of the city in 1770, a radial-circular plan was developed with a system of streets diverging from a trapezoidal square at the outer gates of the Kremlin; according to the revised plan of 1824, the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod fair was included in the city limits on the left bank of the Oka, along with the Kanavinskaya settlement. According to the plan of 1838, the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment was built (at both its ends - the Georgievsky and Kazan congresses), on the slope - the Alexander Garden. At the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. buildings here were built in the style of classicism, in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. - in the spirit of eclecticism, stylization, modern style. The former house of the vice-governor (1788), the house of the pharmacist G. Evenius (1789-92, architect I. Nemeyer), the buildings of the seminary (1823-29, architects I. I. Mezhetsky, A. L. Leer), Assembly of the Nobility (1826, architect I.E. Efimov; in the interior - a small columned hall; additional building - 1860-70s), Noble Institute (1840s, architect A.A.Pakhomov; on the main facade - a frieze in the form of a floral ornament depicting the coats of arms of the cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province, now a regional library) with a house for living (1836, architect I.E. Efimov; now - a theater school), house of Z. Dobrolyubova (1840s, architect G. I. Kizevetter; now - House-Museum of N.A. A. Schroeter); the building of the City Duma (1902, architect V.P. Zeidler; the main facade - with 3 large windows, completed with a parapet with the Nizhny Novgorod coat of arms and a steep hipped roof), the State Bank in the neo-Russian style (1913, architect V.A. Pokrovsky; consists of several volumes covered with roofs of various shapes; in the interior - murals on walls and vaults according to sketches by I. Ya.Bilibin, chandeliers, lanterns, iron bars, majolica stair rails), a church on the New (now Old) cemetery (1916, architect Pokrovsky).
Below, along the banks of the Volga and Oka, the classicist estates of the Stroganovs (from the 1870s - the Golitsyns; 1827, architect P. Ivanov) and the Golitsyns (1821-37, possibly the architect D.I. Blinovsky passage in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century. (last third of the 19th century), the Volga-Kamsky bank in the eclectic style (1894-98, architect V.P. Zeidler), the bank of the Rukavishnikov brothers in the Art Nouveau style (1908-12, architect F.O.Shekhtel; sculptures above the entrance , personifying industry and agriculture, sculptor S. T. Konenkov). On the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment: the former neo-baroque house of S.M. House of D.V.Sirotkin in the style of neoclassicism (1914-16, architects - brothers L.A., V.A. and A.A. Vesnin, now - the Art Museum).
On the left bank of the Oka, on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod fair, the centric 5-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral (1817-22, architect O. Montferrand) has not been lost, on the Strelka there is the Alexander Nevsky Fair Cathedral (1881, architects R. Ya.Kilevein, L.V. Dal; since the beginning of the 1990s it has been restored), the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair (1890; since the beginning of the 1990s - the center of renewed exchange and fair activities).
NN was built up according to the general plans of the 1930s. (architect A. P. Ivanitsky and others), 1937 and 1966. Built: House of Soviets, hotel "Russia" (both - early 1930s, architect A. Z. Grinberg), Pedagogical (1936-38, architect A. A. Yakovlev) and Polytechnic (1931-36, architects Grinberg, I. F. Neiman) institutes, river (1964, architect M. I. Churilin) and railway (1965, architect M. A. Gotlib) stations, air terminal (1965, architect Gottlieb), a sports complex (1965, architects Yu. N. Bubnov, V. V. Balakhina, S. A. Timofeev). In connection with the construction and reconstruction of large industrial buildings, comfortable residential areas have grown near them: Avtozavodsky (1930-40, architects V.A., I.A.Golosov, A.S. Fisenko, L.B. Velikovsky, etc.), Sormovo with the Palace of Culture (1926, architects S.A. Novikov, E.M. Michurin, V.A. architects P. V. Shchusev, P. V. Pomazanov, I. A. Frenchman, engineer A. V. Krylov; 2nd - 1965, architects L. M. Ostrovidov, G. V. Ogorodnikov), Volga embankment with a staircase (1949, architects L. V. Rudnev, V. O. Munts, A. A. Yakovlev) and others. Monuments: an obelisk in honor of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky (1826, sculptor I. P. Martos, architect A. I. Melnikov); "To the Heroes and Martyrs of the 1905 Revolution" (1930, architect A. A. Yakovlev, artist V. A. Frolov); V. P. Chkalov (1940, sculptor V. P. Mendelevich, architects V. S. Andreev, I. G. Taranov); M. Gorky (1952, sculptor V. I. Mukhina, architects V. V. Lebedev, P. P. Steller); Ya.M. Sverdlov (1957, P. I. Gusev, N. M. Chugurin, architect V. N. Rymarenko); "To the heroes of Gorky who died in the Great Patriotic War" (1966, architects B. S. Nelyubin, V. Ya. Kovalev, S. A. Timofeev, artists V. V. Lyubimov, A. M. Shvaikin, A. P. Topunov); V. I. Lenin (1970, sculptor Yu. G. Neroda, architects V. V. Voronkov, Yu. N. Voskresensky); N. A. Dobrolyubov (1986, sculptor P. I. Gusev, architect B. S. Nelyubin); K. Minin (sculptor O. Komov). 
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Literature: Khramtsovsky N., A brief sketch of the history and description of Nizhny Novgorod, hours 1-2, Nizhniy-Novgorod, 1857-59; Agafonov S.L., Gorky - Nizhny Novgorod, M., 1947; his, the City of Gorky, M., 1949; his, Stone Chronicle of the City, Gorky, 1971; his, the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Architecture, history, restoration, Gorky, 1976; his, Gorky. Balakhna. Makariev, 2nd ed., M., 1987; Trube L. L., Geography of the city of Gorky, Gorky, 1971; The history of the city of Gorky. Brief sketch, Gorky, 1971; Monuments of history and culture of the city of Gorky, Gorky, 1977; Filatov N.F., Nizhny Novgorod architecture of the 17th - early 20th century, Gorky, 1980; Bubnov Yu. N., Orelskaya O. V., Architecture of the city of Gorky. Essays on history, 1917-1985, Gorky, 1986; Bubnov K. N., Architecture of Nizhny Novgorod mid XIX - early XX centuries, Nizhny Novgorod, 1991; Monuments of history and culture of the Gorky region. Handbook, Gorky, 1987; Climate of Nizhny Novgorod, L., 1991.
Cities of Russia. Encyclopedia - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia... I. Kondratyev. 1994.
Synonyms:See what "Nizhny Novgorod" is in other dictionaries:
City, c. Nizhny Novgorod region It was founded in 1221 under the name Novgorod, which, perhaps, meant not just a new city, but repeated the name of the city of Novgorod, which is on the Volkhov River. To distinguish cities of the same name, the definition of the lower one is introduced, ... ... Geographical encyclopedia
Full name FC "Nizhny Novgorod 2" Nicknames townspeople, automobile plants, northerners, Nizhny Novgorod, NNtsy 2007 Stadium was founded ... Wikipedia
Nizhny Novgorod- Nizhny Novgorod. Bridge. NIZHNY NOVGOROD (91 Gorky in 1932), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in Russia, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. 1438 thousand inhabitants. Large river port; railway junction; the airport. Metro. Mechanical engineering (cars, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1932 90 Gorky), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. Large river port, railway etc. node. 1367.6 thousand inhabitants (1998). A large center of mechanical engineering and metalworking (software: automotive GAZ, mechanical engineering, ... ... Russian history
The city of Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative center of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is the largest city in the Volga Federal District, located on the East European Plain at the place where the Volga and Oka rivers merge. The Oka River divides it into two parts - the upper, located on the Dyatlovy Gory, and the lower, located on the left on the low-lying bank. From 1932 to 1990 the city was called Gorky (in honor of the famous writer Maxim Gorky).
The city of Nizhny Novgorod is in fifth place in terms of population in the Russian Federation. The population is over 1.255 thousand people. Nizhny Novgorod bears the status of an important economic, transport and cultural center of the country.
Nizhny Novgorod is one of the largest industrial centers in Russia, the main role is played by enterprises in the metalworking, mechanical engineering and information technology industries.
There are about 600 unique historical, architectural and cultural monuments in the city. The main of all is the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin.
There are about two hundred cultural institutions in Nizhny Novgorod.
There are 95 publicly available municipal libraries in Nizhny Novgorod, as well as libraries at educational institutions, organizations and enterprises of the city.
In the historic center of the city, there is a stone Kremlin, built at the beginning of the 16th century, which is a 2-kilometer-long brick fortress surrounded by 13 watchtowers. The territory of the Kremlin housed many churches, but now only the Mikhailo-Archangel Cathedral has survived.
Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street starts from the Minin and Pozharsky Square. By the way, there is a Kremlin tower named Dmitrovskaya on it - this is the "main" entrance to the Kremlin.
There are a lot of temples, churches, cathedrals in Nizhny Novgorod.
An important feature of Nizhny Novgorod is a large number of old low-rise buildings.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city with a long sports history and sports traditions.
A huge part of the city's sports facilities were built before the end of the 1980s and are obsolete.
The first printing house was founded by the printer Anikita Fofanov in 19.12. 1613 And the first newspaper was published on 01/05/1838 and was called "Nizhegorodskie gubernskie vedomosti".
In August 1918, the city's first radio station was launched, and on February 27, 1919, the first voice transmission was launched. It was broadcast by the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory under the direction of Bonch-Bruyevich.
Nizhny Novgorod is located at the confluence of two rivers: the Oka and the Volga. This city was originally founded as a fortress on the banks of the Oka and Volga rivers, the Oka divides the city into two parts. These parts of the city are connected by road bridges across the Oka River: Myzinsky, Kanavinsky, Molitovsky. Also, a metro bridge was built next to the Kanavinsky bridge, by the way, it is also combined with the automobile bridge.
And there are 2 permanent bridges across the Volga river: the combined railway-automobile Borsky bridge and the railway one. One of the directions of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs along them: the direction of Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov.
Population of Nizhny Novgorod for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod
The city's population figures were taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data were also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website contains data on the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod by year, the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.
| Number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod | Years |
|---|---|
| 1 296 800 people [*] | 2003 year |
| 1,283,600 people | 2005 year |
| 1,272,527 people | year 2009 |
| 1,271,045 people | 2010 year |
| 1,254,592 people [*] | year 2012 |
| 1,259,921 people [*] | year 2013 |
| 1 263 873 people [*] | year 2014 |
| 1,267,760 people | 2015 year |
| 1,266,871 people | 2016 year |
| 1,264,075 people | 2017 year |
| 1,259,013 people | 2018 year |
| 1 253 511 people | 2019 year |
The graph of changes in the population of Nizhny Novgorod:
Nizhny Novgorod city photo. Photo of Nizhny Novgorod
Information about the city of Nizhny Novgorod on Wikipedia:
Link to the site of Nizhny Novgorod. You can take a lot of additional information by reading them on the official website of Nizhny Novgorod, the official portal of Nizhny Novgorod and the government.
Official site of Nizhny Novgorod
Map of the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod yandex maps
- 1. Ascension Pechersk Monastery
- 2. Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
- 3. Christmas (Stroganov) church
Created with the help of Yandex service People's map (Yandex map), when you zoom out, you can understand the location of Nizhny Novgorod on the map of Russia. Nizhny Novgorod Yandex maps. Interactive Yandex map of the city of Nizhny Novgorod with street names and house numbers. The map contains all the designations of Nizhny Novgorod, it is convenient and not difficult to use it.
On the page you can find some descriptions of Nizhny Novgorod. Also see the location of the city of Nizhny Novgorod on the Yandex map. Detailed with descriptions and labels of all objects in the city.
