Column formwork step by step installation instructions. Making concrete columns with your own hands: preparation, pouring, dismantling Do-it-yourself concrete pouring technology

Columns are load-bearing engineering structures that provide the structure with vertical strength and rigidity. Depending on the generated level of bearing capacity and the manufacturing method, today several types of columns are being built: metal, prefabricated and monolithic. As one of the main methods of erecting a column structure, concrete pouring of columns is considered the most common.

Column erection helps to shorten construction time.

Therefore, the most popular, cost-effective and often used in self-construction are monolithic columns. The advantages of metal racks and monolithic columns are considered to be their very fast erection, which makes it possible to shorten the construction time.

Process features

Metal columns are installed using special equipment.

At the extreme corners of the house (in places of least load), columns can be made of steel square pipes with a total cross-section of 150 mm, which are connected to the base and ceiling surface by means of anchors.

The only drawback of using this type of columns is their rather complicated installation (using a crane). This is not always advisable when self-installation and concreting of columns.

Small in area can also act as columns brick walls... On the verandas and porch, you can use columns made of rounded logs or wooden beams. On concrete base they are fixed by installation in steel glasses pre-fixed with anchors, followed by concreting.

The most important column structures in the house are the columns placed in the central part of the building.

Laying concrete in columns: a - up to 5 m; more than 5 m high; c - with dense reinforcement; g- formwork scheme with removable shield; 1 - formwork; 2- clamp; 3- tub; 4- vibrator with flexible shaft; 5 - receiving funnel; 6-link trunk; 7- hinged vibrator; 8, 9- pockets; 10- removable shield.

In most cases, columns of a certain (design) section with a metal reinforced frame are made here, which are cast from concrete using inventory formwork.

Pouring concrete columns is a responsible event that requires certain knowledge and skills of the contractor. Ideally, the concrete should be poured into the columns in one go to avoid the appearance of intermediate cold joints.

In doing so, it is important to ensure that cold seam the columns had a strictly horizontal position. Otherwise, the column will be subject to destruction.

List of instruments

To efficiently fill the columns with concrete, you will need the following set of tools and construction equipment:

A concrete pump is required when erecting columns.

• corner with a right angle;
• wooden struts with stakes;
• level (you can use water);
• screws (if possible using a screwdriver) and nails;
• hammer (sledgehammer);
• metal wire;
• reinforced bars (or mesh);
• boards with the maximum width (for creating formwork panels);
• external or internal vibrators (or concrete pump), which, if necessary, can be replaced with a metal bar;
• roulette;
• concrete mixer (or any equipment for mixing concrete mortar);
• anchor bolts;
• various types of clamps;
• metal rod.

Construction stages

Pouring the columns with concrete implies the following construction stages

Column formwork: shield, anchor, brace.

Reinforcement works

When arranging columns, the installation of vertical reinforcement with an average diameter of 12 mm or more is usually used, consisting of 4 main bayonets (rods) placed in the shape of a square (at its main corners). For the convenience of installing the reinforcement of columns with a height of more than 3 m, it is necessary to equip a scaffold with a flooring more than 1 m wide with fences within 0.8 m in height every 2 m in height. The frame bases of the columns can be assembled in different ways.

At small size, the volume and weight of the column frame can be installed in the future formwork box, which is done manually by tilting finished structure frame. If the diameter of the reinforcement is not more than 16-20 mm and it is quite heavy, then it would be more expedient to first assemble the base of the frame, and then knit it in place, installing separate rods. When placing the finished frame of the columns and its further unfastening, all kinds of supports and boards are used.

During the ligament (or welding) work on the installation of the vertical frames of the columns, it is advisable not to stand on their rods. The reinforcing rods are fastened together with special clamps (metal wire) at a certain distance from each other, which is usually 40 cm.

Formwork installation

In normal cases, a formwork box is assembled with the required internal dimensions (for example, 25x25 cm). It should be fastened very carefully. The formwork is mounted on 4 sides of the prepared reinforced column.

Wooden struts are installed with stakes on all sides of the column. With high column dimensions, the formwork is assembled from 3 sides, and the remaining side is built up during the concreting process. The box of the formwork structure (made of boards, plywood, etc.) must be leveled and fixed with screws to hold the concrete solution inside. With the help of a corner, the correspondence of right angles is checked.

Concreting

Has its own nuances. When casting columns, one of the main parameters is considered. For standard monolithic columns, concrete with a mobility P2-P3 is used, and when pouring columns of densely reinforced structures, it is advisable to use concrete with a mobility value of P4 or higher. This type of concrete mix is ​​also called cast concrete. This kind concrete quite well tolerates the process of placing in the formwork, even without the involvement of various vibrators and concrete pumps. When conducting

In modern monolithic construction columns are used quite often. In many projects multi-storey buildings they are not only decorative architectural elements, but also the main supporting structures the whole building. This allows you to build premises on the next floor without repeating the plan of the previous one. To ensure the strength and durability of such monolithic structures, the column formwork must be performed reliably and efficiently.

Varieties of columns and formwork for their arrangement

By geometric shape cross-sections, all columns are subdivided into:

• round (cylindrical);
• square or rectangular;
• multifaceted;
• curly.

The most widespread are the columns of the first two types. The last two categories are used mainly for the restoration of buildings or decorative purposes.

According to the number of cycles of use, the formwork for arranging the columns is divided into:

• disposable;
• reusable.

Depending on the material of manufacture, the formwork is:

• wooden;
• plastic;
• metal;
• cardboard;
• combined.

Cylindrical Column Formwork

Round column formwork can be either disposable or reusable.

Today, cardboard pipes are often used as disposable formwork for round columns. In their manufacture, paper tape is used, a special adhesive composition and polymer material(for waterproofing). This column formwork is available with an inner diameter of 150 to 1200 mm. Its installation is quite simple: the pipe is simply put on the reinforcing cage, then the support rings are installed, to which the spacer struts are attached (to give stability and vertical alignment). To quickly dismantle such products during their manufacture, a special metal wire is pressed in along the entire length of the pipe, pulling on which the cardboard is cut along its entire length, and then it is easily separated from the hardened concrete.

On a note! It is advisable to dismantle the cardboard pipe just before the end of construction. This will protect the support from technological damage.

Disposable cardboard column formwork has a number of undoubted advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation and dismantling;
• when using it, the surface of the concrete support is of high quality;
• light weight;
• high strength.

Pipes (metal, asbestos-cement or plastic) are used as non-removable elements of circular cross-section. After the concrete solution hardens, this remains an integral part of the column structure.

Attention! Using metal pipes their surface must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

The reusable round formwork consists of metal or plastic half-pipes, which are mounted around the reinforcement cage of the column using special quick-release locks. Plastic formwork of columns has less adhesion to concrete than metal (this provides ease of dismantling), but less strength.

Formwork for square and rectangular columns

This type of column is most widely used in both industrial and individual construction.

The most common type of removable formwork for arranging such columns is a large-panel formwork system. Universal panels (their dimensions: width - 0.4 ÷ 1.2 m, height - 1.0 ÷ 3.3 m) allow you to quickly mount the formwork for square columns (the cross-section of which is from 0.2 - 0.2 m to 1, 0⨯1.0 m).

Longitudinal technological holes for fasteners (pins) allow you to create formwork rectangular section... One column requires: shields (4 pieces, assembled into a "mill"), pivots with special tightening nuts (for a column about 3 meters high, as a rule, 16 sets are sufficient) and slopes (at least 2 two-level support ones).

The popularity of such a system is due to:

• simplicity and high speed of assembly and disassembly;
• the possibility of forming the section of the column in accordance with the requirements of the project;
• durability (from 80 to 200 concreting cycles, depending on the manufacturer and the material of the panels).

Another common in modern construction type of formwork system during the construction of columns - girder-transom. The main elements of this structure are formwork slabs, steel girders, beams of various sizes and fasteners. This type of formwork system can be easily adapted to create columns with square, rectangular and even octagonal sections. Such steel column formwork has the greatest strength and durability compared to other materials (laminated chipboard, plastic or boards made of plywood and boards).

Self-production of formwork during the construction of columns

In the manufacture of formwork for monolithic columns with your own hands, you can use several methods.

The easiest way (but rather laborious) for making a formwork frame for columns of a square or rectangular cross-section:

• From boards (25 mm thick and length equal to the height of the column), using nails and self-tapping screws, we make a U-shaped structure with internal dimensions corresponding to the section of the future column.
• We make a shield from the same boards, which will later be the fourth side of the formwork frame.
• We install the U-shaped structure to reinforcement cage and attach a board made of boards to it.
• We align the formwork vertically using a level, and fix it with stops made of boards or bars.
• To give the structure additional strength, we tighten it with additional bars and studs with nuts.
• Now you can start filling concrete mix.

The video will help you understand the above-described technology for manufacturing the formwork of square columns:

Another method for self-manufacturing is in many ways similar to the previous one. Instead of boards for the manufacture of formwork (preferably moisture resistant, 12 mm thick) and wooden blocks... We use reinforcing bars and quick-clamping spring locks (clips) as tightening elements. For vertical alignment, you can use telescopic racks rented.

On a note! It is advisable to apply the above methods if it is necessary to make a small number of columns (3÷ 4 pieces). Otherwise, the cost of materials and hardware for the manufacture of formwork will be quite high. If you need to build 10÷ 12 columns (for example, for a large glazed terrace or veranda), then the column formwork on universal panels, rented (the cost of renting one set, which includes: 4 panels, 2 two-level telescopic slopes, a set of necessary fasteners, will be about 7,500 rubles per month). And since the stripping of the column can be done within 48 hours after pouring the concrete solution, then for the paid month you can easily make required amount columns.

In custody

The final choice of one or another type of formwork for the manufacture of columns depends on their number, section size and height. Of course, only high-tech professional formwork systems are used for the construction of bridge supports or flyovers. And for the construction of several not very high columns with individual construction, you can completely get by with a form made from scrap materials. The main thing is that it strictly corresponds to the geometry of the future column and can withstand the pressure of the concrete solution without deformation.

The columns in the building structure have both a decorative function and a practical one - they are an important load-bearing element of the building. And since, by default, it is assumed that the supports will be heavily loaded, then naturally they should be made in maximum compliance with all existing norms and rules.

In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, what is important to consider here and what to do is strongly discouraged.

Let's start by looking at the classification of these concrete products and the requirements for them.

Types of products

These designs are divided primarily into the following main categories:

1. Round;
2. Rectangular;
3. Square.

In addition, there are differences in production technology.

Column type:	Specifications:
1. National teams.	These are structures that are manufactured in factories, and then delivered to the site and installed at the desired points. The advantage of such concrete products is that the price for them is quite attractive, and in addition, a high speed of work at the facility is guaranteed. Mainly due to the fact that you do not need to wait for the working mixture to dry.
2. Monolithic.	Everything is clear from the name - these pillars are poured right on the spot, into a previously prepared formwork. The advantage of this technology is that maximum control over the quality of the filling is possible. The disadvantage here can be called a long production time, because the base has to be made, and the formwork, and the frame made of metal. In addition, then you will still need to wait until the mixture hardens.

Separately, it is worth considering the classification of ready-made concrete products of this type - all data are provided in the table below.

Marking type	Decryption
T1	The support is used to fix concrete consoles that are perpendicular to the main columns.
C1	As a rule, such concrete products are used for the installation of lattice ties.
C1	Designed for the installation of flights of stairs, which have 3 flights.
L	They are made for a bundle of stairs with two flights.
NS	Columns are used where supports for the crossbar are required. Moreover, the product is placed at those points where there is a turn of the common frame.
SS and C	The first marking means that the support has several faces (2-4), which provide reliable fastening stiffening walls. And the second type of product is made to fix various panels that are in contact with the stiffening walls.
T	T-columns are used at the ends of buildings enclosing panels.

Based on these parameters, you need to choose ready-made prefabricated columns.

Since the installation finished products We will not consider, but we will talk about the device of monolithic supports in detail, then it is worthwhile to understand the requirements for such supports.

Requirements for what should be easily predictable, the mass should be plastic, and solid when solidified.

On the indicator, as well as the characteristics of the reinforcement used.

In particular, the metal must have the following properties:

1. Good weldability;
2. Low likelihood of corrosion;
3. Fatigue strength;
4. An excellent level of adhesion to the structure of the concrete mass.

And of course, for the production of concrete columns to be successful, it is necessary to take into account all the accompanying factors:

1. Number of storeys of the object on which the supports are installed;
2. Purpose of the object- after all, the level of the future load on the columns directly depends on this;
3. Type of soil at the facility;
4. Climatic features of the region where construction is underway.

Advice: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOST 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79. In these documents you can find general information O correct manufacture Concrete goods and columns in particular.

In principle, we have finished with the overview of the products, you can proceed directly to their assembly and pouring.

So a short step-by-step instruction for the installation of supports for buildings.

Diy monolithic supports

Before you start, it's worth noting one important point- we will consider the simplest assembly method, which you can easily implement yourself. When building a private house, for example.

Publish software review self-fill pillars for the construction of a plant does not make sense, you must agree. At least because it is still impossible to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract a lot of highly qualified specialists who themselves know how to perform such tasks.

Preparatory work and base arrangement

In principle, the preparation here consists mainly in the fact that it is necessary to free up all the space around the future supports so that it is possible to quickly and efficiently assemble the formwork.

But with the foundation, everything is more complicated. At least because there are situations when the pillar needs to be installed on a floor slab or an ordinary screed - in this case, the foundation is almost always impossible to organize.

They usually do this - they make supports with a so-called concrete heel, at the corners of which there are holes for bolts. With these bolts, the heel is attached to the horizontal base, due to which the vertical of the post is held.

Note! Pouring the columns with concrete using this technology automatically implies that the floor slab or floor has a very high level strength. If, for example, the screed is thin, and there is loose soil under it, then, of course, the support will not stand firmly. Therefore, be sure to consider all the features of a particular object.

Now let's figure out how to install the support on the foundation.

If it is possible to go deeper into the ground and pour the base, then the order of its arrangement should be something like this:

1. A hole is dug in the ground with a side width of a meter by a meter and a depth of one meter too (adjusted for the depth of soil freezing).
2. Crushed stone is poured to the bottom, which is then rammed.
3. The walls and bottom of the pit are closed with roofing felt - this will be a waterproofing layer, due to the presence of which the column foundation will last an order of magnitude longer.
4. On the plane of the roofing material, at the bottom, a horizontal frame of reinforcement is assembled. Vertical rods of metal are attached to this frame, which, as it were, go up (above ground level) from the center of the pit.

1. The bottom is filled with concrete. The layer thickness should be about 15-20 centimeters.
2. After the mass hardens, a formwork is made of galvanized steel in the form of a cylinder, which is placed on the bottom so that the vertical rods are in its center. The cylinder diameter should be equal to the diameter of the future column. A deviation upwards is allowed, but not downwards.
3. A concrete mixture is poured inside the cylinder, and the entire space between the galvanized steel and the ground is covered with earth.

As you can see, the result is a kind of concrete "heel" that neither sags nor tilts - it is held back by the weight of the soil around the cylinder.

Please note that the formwork in the form of a cylinder is given as an example - if the column is rectangular or square, then the formwork can accordingly be made the same. That is, not from flexible materials, but, for example, from wood.

If the foundation is ready and metal rods protrude vertically from it, then you can start directly making columns from concrete.

Assembling the metal base and installing the sides

In fact, all the work that is performed before pouring the main amount of the mixture is the installation of the metal frame of the column and the formwork.

The frame is assembled from thick reinforcement, and the formwork can consist of, for example, the following materials:

• From wooden boards and boards;
• From galvanized sheets;
• Plastic, etc.

It is important here that the formwork is as even as possible, so that later the plane or the shape of the columns does not have to be cut, leveled or extended with plaster. If it turns out unevenly, it will not bring much trouble, but fuss with finishing will definitely be added.

As illustrative example consider the most difficult formwork option - for round-shaped supports.

A frame and edging are made like this:

1. Tied to the rods that protrude from the foundation steel wire(also vertically) the longest reinforcement. It is necessary to do everything so that the vertical line as a result consists of several parallel rods. In this case, the metal cannot be placed end-to-end to each other - between the lines there must be a distance of 5 centimeters at least.

Important! Keep in mind that the reinforcement should pass at approximately the same distance from the center of the future column and from its edges - this directly affects bearing capacity products. If this is not done, then it turns out that the central axis is strong, and the edges are weak, or vice versa.

1. When the frame is assembled the desired height, the reinforcement is, as it were, wrapped in sheets of galvanized steel, which are stacked on top of each other. In this case, before installing the upper "cylinder" - spacers are installed inside the lower one, due to which the lines of the metal frame are, as it were, fixed in one place at the required distance from the edges of the formwork.

In principle, not all of the formwork can be assembled at once. That is, you can first put one section, fill it, and after the initial setting of the mixture, mount the next level.

There is one difficult point here - pouring means, as a rule, that a liquid mixture, which weighs a lot, will be pressed onto the formwork for some time. And this means that galvanized sheets can "lead", which will lead to deformation of the shape of the column. Therefore, try to fasten the sheets "conscientiously".

If the frame is assembled and the formwork is installed, then concrete is poured into its internal space. After it dries, the sides are removed and the support, in fact, is ready for further finishing.

This concludes our review. Now let's summarize.

Output

We figured out in detail the classification of columns and in what ways they can be made. In addition, we considered in what sequence and how do-it-yourself concrete columns are poured. We hope that the information will be useful to you in practice.

Well, if you want to know even more, then we sincerely advise you to watch the additional video in this article.

Column concreting

The column is a load-bearing engineering structure, which, in addition to its practical function, also serves as a decorative purpose. Today, columns to ensure the vertical rigidity of the building can be made of metal or reinforced concrete.

In turn, reinforced concrete structures are most common due to various kinds of advantages. For this reason, when making columns with your own hands, the greatest preference is given to concrete products. How the columns are concreted will be described below.

Column concreting

It should be said right away that making concrete columns with your own hands is a laborious and costly process, both physically and financially. Before you start making reinforced concrete columns, you should study the appropriate technology as much as possible, watch a video on the Internet and prepare the tool necessary for this work.

Then you need to decide on the shape of the future column, since it can be: round, rectangular, or square. Of the tools for the manufacture of columns, you will first need:

1. Building level;
2. Plumb line;
3. Hammer and hacksaw for wood;
4. Bulgarian;
5. Roulette;
6. Concrete mixer;
7. Shovels and other devices for working with mortar.

Of the materials you will need:

1. Formwork boards;
2. Rebar (12mm) or metal mesh;
3. Knitting wire;
4. Anchor bolts;
5. Clamps.

Do-it-yourself column construction is divided into such stages - reinforcement, formwork installation and concreting of the assembled structure. Let's take a look at each of the above steps in order.

Pouring concrete columns with your own hands

For reinforcement of concrete goods of columns, reinforcement of at least 12 mm is used. Even before starting the assembly of the formwork, a metal frame is assembled in the shape of a square, consisting of four main rods in the corners. If the column will have a height of more than 3 meters, then special blind areas are necessarily made every two meters.

When the column has a small height, the metal frame can be installed in a pre-assembled form, immediately into the formwork, after its installation. The fittings are fastened to each other either with a knitting wire, or with special clamps designed for these purposes.

Formwork for concreting columns, as a rule, is assembled from boards, according to previously measured internal dimensions. It is necessary to take into account the large load on the formwork when pouring concrete, therefore, it is necessary to unfasten the boards very carefully when assembling it.

Necessarily from the sides of the assembled formwork, before pouring it concrete mortar, slope supports should be installed. If the column will have a large height, then its build-up is carried out during pouring with concrete, and also with mandatory installation slope struts.

Concrete for pouring columns is not used the same as, for example, in the construction of a monolithic foundation. Its main parameter in this case is mobility. For most columns, a concrete solution with a mobility of P2 is used, and when pouring densely reinforced ones, concrete with a mobility of at least P4 is used.

An important process in the concreting of columns is the compacting of the concrete mixture, which is produced by such specialized equipment as submersible and external pumps. When making concrete columns with your own hands, get rid of air congestion in concrete allows hammering into the formwork walls.

In the process of concreting the columns, it is necessary to monitor all the time whether the metal frame has not shifted inside the installed formwork. If necessary, you should correct its location strictly vertically and in its center.

Do-it-yourself concrete for pouring columns consists of cement grade no lower than M400, sand and gravel. If we talk about its proportions, then they look as follows - for 1 part of cement, 1 part of sand and 4 parts of gravel are required.

samastroyka.ru

How to make concrete columns with your own hands?

Columns in the building system perform both an adorning function, that way and an actual one - they are considered the principal bearing component of the structure. And since, according to the default, it is expected that the supports will become a lot of loaded, then naturally they must exist, made in maximum compliance with all existing generally accepted standards and rules. In this article we will tell you about how concrete columns are poured correctly, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work. These systems are divided, before that only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Square. Since the installation finished products We will not look at all, but we will talk carefully about the device of monolithic supports, then it is worth orienting ourselves in the claims to such supports. And naturally, in order for the manufacture of columns from concrete to be successful, all accompanying reasons must be taken into account: The number of storeys of the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of the forthcoming overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the facility; Climatic individualities of the region where the construction is carried out. We recommend: in order to make a truly benign reinforced concrete support, you should familiarize yourself with the information contained in GOSTs. Columns in the building system perform as a decorating function, that way and an actual one - they are considered a fundamental bearing component of the structure. And since, according to the default, it is expected that the supports will become a lot of loaded, then naturally they must exist, made in maximum compliance with all existing generally accepted standards and rules. In this article we will tell you about how concrete columns are poured correctly, as if it is important to take into account here and that it is categorically not recommended to work. These systems are divided, before that only, into these main groups: Round; Rectangular;

Since we will not look at the installation of finished products, but we will talk carefully about the device of monolithic supports, we should be guided by the claims to such supports. the object on which the supports are installed; The purpose of the object - since the degree of the forthcoming overload on the columns directly depends on this; Type of soil at the facility; Climatic individualities of the region where the construction is carried out. We recommend: in order to make a truly benign support from reinforced concrete, you should familiarize yourself with the information that is contained in GOSTs. In these documents, it is allowed to find general information about the correct production of concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we have finished with the overview of the products, you can skip directly to their production and pouring. Finally, a short step-by-step annotation on the installation of supports for buildings. Before starting this, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will be looking at usual method assembly that you can easily implement without the help of others. When building a personal building, for example. Publishing a review on self-pouring of pillars for the construction of a plant does not matter in any way, you must agree. At least because everything alone cannot cope with such an object in the same way - you will have to attract a lot of highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed. 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79. In these documents, it is allowed to find general information about the correct production of concrete products and columns in particular. In principle, we have finished with the overview of the products, you can skip directly to their production and pouring. Finally, a short step-by-step annotation on the installation of supports for buildings. Before that, before starting, it is worth noting one fundamental point - we will look at the most common assembly method, which can be easily implemented without the help of others. When building a personal building, for example.

Publishing a review on self-pouring of pillars for the construction of a plant does not matter in any way, you must agree. At least because everything is equally difficult to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract a lot of highly qualified professionals who themselves understand how similar tasks are performed.

rusbetonplus.ru

Forms for pouring columns: self-production and installation

Columns are increasingly used in the architecture of facades and interiors. It is not only beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical, utilitarian piece of construction.

It allows you to support slabs or beams without taking up much of the usable area of ​​the lower floor.

The column can be bought ready-made, but it is more convenient and cheaper to make it yourself. The easiest way is to lay it out of brick, but a monolith is much stronger and more reliable, and for its manufacture you will have to make a formwork.

According to the method of use, they are non-removable, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

• Metallic. Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easy and quick to assemble, provide the correct geometry, and are quickly dismantled.
• Wooden. Usually self-made, reusable. Get knocked out of planks and bars. Cheaper, but harder to provide correct shape, especially different from a rectangle.
• Plastic. usually round shapes are made. You can buy ready-made, or you can make a formwork with your own hands from plastic pipes suitable diameter.
• Cardboard. are made of dense cardboard impregnated with special adhesives. The form is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, however, they can be made independently, given some of the features of this construct.

Peculiarities

The column is small in width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines the rather specific loads on the form.

The formwork is under significant pressure at the bottom and very little at the top.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several supports.

Also, the form must have rigidity so as not to fold, not to bend under the weight of the concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work in compression, so it is extremely important to avoid distortions of the structure. If the form bends in an arc, then the support made in it can easily crack under load. The column withstands bending loads very poorly.

It is very important to maintain a clear vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical creates an imbalance in the loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

1. First, the size of the future columns is determined.
2. Boards are being prepared that will act as forming surfaces - they are adjusted to the size of the pillars, they are sanded from the side that will contact the concrete.
3. Crossbars are nailed to the boards - small bars that will serve as stiffeners.
4. Separate boards with bars knock down into forms for pillars. Especially tightly you need to connect the part that will be at the bottom of the column.

Then a frame is made of reinforcement with your own hands.

Since the pillars are square, it is most convenient to take four vertical rods, tying together with short crossbars from soft wire.

5. The reinforcement is inserted into the mold and the whole structure is installed at the place of the column installation.

In order to make the boards easier to remove later, they can be upholstered from the inside with oilcloth. To assemble the form, you need to choose flat boards so that the posts do not have bends, curvatures.

It is worth remembering that this is a disposable formwork for columns; after the concrete has hardened, the cardboard will have to be ripped off like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make the formwork in a mesh frame. First, a steel mesh with square meshes is taken, which is not prone to stretching.

It is rolled up into a cylinder of the required diameter, securely fastened in this position by wire or welding.

Then rolled cardboard is placed inside, which, after stacking, straightens and rests against the grid. Finding sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter posts is not easy, so you will have to use several sheets, fastening them between the overlap with adhesive tape.

The design is very unstable, so wood supports are required.

Such a disposable formwork for round columns is suitable, rectangular or square cannot be poured in any way.

You can do it yourself with a fixed formwork made of polystyrene foam.

This option is used when facade works, it allows you to get very flat surfaces, uniform with walls insulated with foam plastic.

However, this fixed formwork is not strong enough and therefore also requires a supporting frame.

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Polyfoam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Watch our video selection:

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Column formwork: types and solutions

Today, in construction, round concrete columns are very often used, which serve as supports for large terraces, small balconies and upper floors. In order to erect a column, it is first of all necessary to build a formwork, plastic, cardboard, etc., into which the concrete solution will be poured. This design can be reusable or disposable. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. About them and how to make a frame for a column with your own hands will be discussed further.

Reusable formwork is a frame that can be used a large number of times in work. Such a structure is usually assembled directly at the construction site and a concrete mixture is poured into it. After the concrete solution dries a little, the formwork is removed and used in other works. The disadvantage of this design is that the round columns may not come out in one piece, since often the height of the frame does not coincide with the desired height of the finished structure. In this case, the formwork has to be put on several times.

It makes no sense to buy your own reusable design, since it will be used very rarely at home. It is best to rent it. The cost of a reusable frame will depend on many factors. Among them, the material for the manufacture of the structure, the cost of its proper conservation, maintenance and transportation to the construction site. In addition, you need to calculate the costs of the mechanisms with which the formwork will be lifted.

Round column formwork, which can be used several times, is divided into several types:

beam;

steel;

plastic.

The girder structure allows you to create columns of almost any height. It can also be used for the construction of bridges, walls and any vertical structures, even very large ones. The beam frame is assembled with your own hands like a designer, after which it is reinforced with spacers. Steel formwork also very good for round columns, but after each use it needs to be lubricated with special mixtures. Considering that the steel frame has a fairly large weight, it is possible to work with it only with the help of special lifting equipment.

Plastic formwork for columns (see photo) is not as heavy as the previous one, but also not as reliable. It is recommended to use it carefully so as not to damage the material. Individual plastic elements are interconnected small details, what to do with your own hands you need to be very careful, because otherwise, under the pressure of the solution, the structure may simply fall apart. The advantage of this frame is its low price.

Application of a non-removable structure

Fixed formwork for columns it is not used so often today, because it requires a special approach. To create it, a solution of cement, sand and water is prepared, which is passed through a special machine, from where ready-made frames of the required shape come out. Such products have thin, but at the same time very strong walls. This becomes possible due to the compaction of the mixture and the displacement of almost all of the liquid from it. As a result, the frames become not only very durable, but also resistant to excessive humidity, frost and strong temperature changes.

Construction at one time

Today, the cheapest and most practical formwork for columns is disposable, made of cardboard. It is a cardboard connected in a spiral, which is processed with a mixture that repels water (see photo). The inside of the formwork can be covered with plastic film... The cardboard structure for creating round columns can have a diameter of 25 centimeters to 1.1 meters, and its length is usually about 11 meters. Depending on the diameter and height of the frame, the thickness of its walls may vary.

Column formwork is very easy to install. To install it, no additional equipment and tools are required. Thanks to this, all work can be easily done by hand. To begin with, the formwork must be placed vertically and carefully attached to the floor. From above, the structure can be fixed with anchor rods. Further, the inside of the formwork is poured with concrete mortar, after which the cardboard is carefully separated from the concrete. This can be done using a special rope, pulling on which you can divide the frame into two parts (see video).

V housing construction concrete columns are used as supports for concrete floors in the upper tiers. At correct fill they are capable long time withstand significant loads. Do-it-yourself concrete column pouring technology does not imply the use of complex equipment. It is important to follow the basic rules for the installation of formwork, reinforcement and casting. This will be discussed further.

Formwork is distinguished by three characteristics:

• by design features: there are removable and non-removable, the latter remain part of the column;
• in shape: can be square, rectangular, round, oval, multifaceted;
• by material of manufacture.

O last characteristic should be told in more detail.

Plastic formwork is assembled from individual elements

1. Formwork made of metal can be angular, panel and beam-transom. Differs in reliability and allows to increase work productivity. The disadvantage is that it is heavy, and therefore it will be difficult to fill the columns with your own hands.
2. Plastic formwork is lightweight and easy to clean of concrete. Requires careful handling (plastic is a fragile material).
3. Wooden: the most convenient for those who cast concrete columns with their own hands. Assembled from plywood, OSB boards, boards, beams. For its construction, you will need tools and devices for working with wood. The technology does not allow casting round and oval columns.
4. Cardboard: the cheapest formwork, comparable in performance to plastic. Can only be used once.

Cardboard formwork is dismantled after the concrete has hardened

Important: making concrete columns with your own hands using metal formwork is almost impossible, since it requires the use of lifting equipment.

Column pour volume calculation

For pouring a column, it is important to know exactly how much concrete is needed. Filling must be done in one step, otherwise the strength of the structure will be reduced. Ordering excess concrete is a waste of money. Calculation of the amount of concrete mix consists of the following steps.

• We calculate the volume of the column (circular section) according to the formula V = πr 2 h, where:
• Determine the diameter and height of the column using a tape measure.

π = 3.14 (constant), r - column radius, h - column height. To calculate rectangular and square columns in cross-section, we use the formula V = abc, where a is the height, b is the depth and c is the width. In the case of columns with polygonal, oval and other structures complex shape height multiplied by area cross section... It is important that all parameters are indicated in SI units of the same dimension (in meters).

• We add to the obtained 10%, taking into account the possible losses of the concrete mixture at each stage of the work. In the case of the construction of a reinforced concrete column, there is no need to compensate for losses, due to the small volume of reinforcing elements.

Girder and girder formwork installation technology

Girder-girder formwork is the ideal form for do-it-yourself concrete columns. It provides a high-quality surface and can be used to erect columns with a cross-section of any configuration. The installation of the formwork is carried out in stages.

Column girder formwork

1. The flooring is made of beams and slab material(plywood or OSB). The flooring is required for assembly work.
2. Observing the distance corresponding to the technical conditions, the crossbars are placed on the flooring.
3. Formwork beams made of wooden beams... Fastening is done with clamps (clamps).
4. Lay on top of the beams sheet material and fasten it with self-tapping screws.
5. The rigidity of the structure is provided by means of beams that are attached to wooden beams(to the bottom ends).
6. Holes are drilled along the edges of the sheets for tie screws.
7. The shields are connected to each other with clamping screws.

Note: in order to make the formwork for a round column, a special hinge insert is installed between the panels. Formwork for columns of high heights is assembled from formwork, connected by overlays.

How to make cardboard formwork

Do-it-yourself formwork for concrete columns is made of thick cardboard and chain-link. Mesh quantity (in square meters) is determined by the formula S = 2 πrh. Further actions consist of the following stages.

1. Taking into account the size of the column, the frame is folded from the chain-link mesh. Cardboard is laid inside the frame and the contour of the column is formed.
2. Supports are installed to fix the shape of the structure.
3. Concrete mix is ​​poured.
4. Dismantle the chain-link after the concrete has hardened (after 28 days) and remove the cardboard.

Formwork from boards and beams

A do-it-yourself concrete column in the field of cottage construction is most often constructed using plywood formwork, beams and boards. The peculiarity of the material allows you to create columns of a square, rectangular, less often - a polygonal section. In this case, the following rules should be observed.

Wooden formwork boards are supported by slopes

1. The thickness of the boards used must not be less than 20 mm. Minimum thickness OSB boards and plywood - 16 mm.
2. Knowing the dimensions of the column, the shields are assembled, which are then combined into a single structure. Shields are reinforced with diagonal beams.
3. Shield connections are made with self-tapping screws.
4. The inner walls of the wooden formwork are covered with waterproofing (roofing material, polyethylene).
5. The formwork is dismantled after complete hardening of the concrete.

Stages of installation of formwork from wooden panels

Column reinforcement: basic principles

A concrete column can be quite strong when properly reinforced. For this, reinforcement with a diameter of at least 10 mm is used. The reinforcement pins are installed along the perimeter of the formwork (in the middle of it) at a distance of at least 10 mm from the walls. Horizontal elements are laid and fastened every 0.5 m. Fastening is done by welding and tying wire.

Formwork reinforcement with vertical and horizontal elements

At the end of the article - do-it-yourself installation of concrete columns (video clearly demonstrating the main stages of work).