How to make a lampshade for a table lamp? Wire shade frame for floor lamp. Soldering with soft solder

It happens that you really want to update the interior, but you don't know where to start. Sometimes you just need to change the lighting. But buying a new lamp is expensive, and in some cases it is not even necessary. We invite you to consider several master classes on how to update a desktop lampshade

What you need to create lampshades

You can update lampshades for your own hands with absolutely any materials:

cloth;
artificial flowers;
skin;
thread and rope;
paper and so on.

Also be sure to have tools such as scissors and a glue gun.

A simple and original way to decorate an old lamp

These lamps are very well suited for chic feminine interiors. To give your lampshade this look, use the following materials:

shade;
artificial flowers (flower stalks can be bought in shops for creativity, but you can buy bouquets and cut off the hats from them, sometimes it turns out cheaper);
glue gun;
scissors.

Master class on how to update a lampshade for a table lamp with your own hands:

Cut off the extra parts of the stem from the flowers, leaving only the cup that connects the petals.
Preheat your glue gun.
Apply some hot glue to the cup of one stalk and glue it to the lampshade. Start working at the top or bottom edge. Glue the flowers either in a circle or in rows, pressing them tightly to each other.
Hot glue dries quickly, so work gently.
When you have pasted over the entire lampshade, fluff up the flower petals.

Tip: interesting DIY lampshades for table lamps are obtained by combining several shades of colors that flow smoothly.

Geographic lampshade

Such a lamp will look great both in the living room and in the child's room.

You will need:

shade;
map;
ribbon;
PVA glue;
some water;
brush;
glue gun.

Master class on how to make geographic lampshades for table lamps with your own hands:

Prepare the map. It can be bought in a store, printed, or it can be special sheets for decoupage.
Mark the required width on the map and cut out a rectangle. If you don't have enough of it to wrap completely around the lampshade, then add another piece.
Dilute in a little water.
Cover the back of the card with glue and carefully glue it to the lampshade. Use your fingers to smooth out any pimples if they appear.
Wait until the card is completely dry.
Cut off excess pieces of paper.
Preheat and use it to glue the tape along the edge of the lampshade at the top and bottom.

The geographic lampshade is ready!

Book sheets as decor

In the same way, as in the previous mater class, you can decorate lampshades for using book pages.

To do this, rip out a few sheets from an old book and trim the edges so that they are not frayed. Lubricate each sheet with PVA glue and stick it to the lampshade in a chaotic manner. The paper should protrude slightly around the edges. When all the sheets are in place, fold the protruding edges inward.

Warm ombre lampshade

Such a lamp is ideal for the cold season, as it will bring a note of warmth and comfort to any interior.

List of what you need:

shade;
several types of yarn, suitable for each other color palette(for example, white, navy blue and turquoise);
glue gun.

Master class on how to make a beautiful lampshade for a table lamp with your own hands:

Place a small drop of glue just above the base of the lampshade (about one centimeter from the edge).
Glue one end of the yarn to the drop. Choose the one with a darker shade.
Wrap the yarn around the lampshade, making sure that each new row is snug against the previous one.
Wrap a certain height with one color. The last turns should not fit tightly to each other, but be at different distances, cover the lampshade a little chaotically (picture 1).
Use a glue gun to glue the yarn of a different shade. New color should be on the same level as the old one (picture 2).
Wrap the yarn around the lampshade to create a two-color cut in some rows. This is necessary so that the shades have a smooth transition and a striped pattern does not come out.
When you wind the required level of yarn of the second color, make some free turns (picture 3).
Wind up the third color of the yarn, remembering to glue on the tip.
Finish wrapping the lampshade. To do this, the third yarn should go in dense rows to the edge of the lampshade, and glue the end (picture 4).
Turn the lampshade over and wind the yarn to the end.

The warm lampshade is ready!

Lampshade with roses

You will need to take the following tools and materials:

shade;
cardboard;
pieces of fabric;
green yarn;
ribbon;
glue gun;
scissors;
pencil.

Master class on how to decorate a lampshade for a table lamp with your own hands (photo of the process is attached):

Draw flower leaves on cardboard and then cut them out (picture 1).
Glue the green yarn to the edge with glue gun(picture 2).
Wrap the yarn tightly around the leaf (picture 3).
Glue the end of the thread and make a few more leaves in the same way (picture 4).
Cut several strips from the fabric about one to two centimeters thick (picture 4).
Fold one strip in half, dripping a little glue inward along its entire length (picture 5).
Roll the strip tightly, sometimes dripping glue onto the edge so that it does not come loose (pictures 6 and 7).
Spread out the edges of the shape a little, and you get a rose (picture 8).
Make several roses of different sizes in the same way.
Gently glue the roses to the lampshade (picture 9).
Do not forget to glue the leaves under the roses in some places.

The volumetric lampshade is ready!

New ombre lampshade

To make a smooth and beautiful transition from one color to another, you need a suitable coating. To do this, it is recommended to make a lampshade with your own hands.
You will need:

lampshade frame;
plain cotton fabric (preferably white, beige or light gray);
small bath or basin;
paint (watercolor, hair, fabric, gouache and any other liquid);
glue gun.

Master class on how to make a do-it-yourself lampshade for a table lamp with an ombre effect:

Take your lampshade frame and fabric.
Turn on the glue gun.
Wrap the fabric around the shade and gently glue the edges together. Cut off the excess canvas.
Wrap the top and bottom edges inside the lampshade and glue them with a glue gun.
Fill a bowl or bath halfway with water and dilute the paint in it.
Lower the lampshade partially into the tray and pull it out.
Repeat this procedure several times, gradually reducing the dipping height. Thus, the paint will be absorbed more by different levels, creating a smooth transition of shades of the same color.
Hang the lampshade in the bathroom and let it dry.

Everything is ready!

How to make a lampshade from scratch

The previous master class described how to update a boring or outdated lampshade. But what if there is nothing to work with and there is not even a frame? Then you can easily make a lampshade with your own hands.

To do this, you need to take:

the cloth;
masking tape;
large ruler and centimeter;
pencil;
scissors;
plastic sheet (can be found in hardware stores or among craft supplies);
wire rings;
large clothespins;
PVA glue or;
glue gun;
special splitter for lamps (sold in lighting stores).

Operating procedure

Master class on how to make a new lampshade for a table lamp with your own hands:

Take a centimeter and measure the diameter of your wire rings. This will be the diameter of the lampshade.
Put a plastic sheet on the table and measure the length and width of the future lampshade on it
Cut off the marked rectangle.
Unfold the fabric with the wrong side of the fabric on the table.
Secure the edges of the fabric to keep it from moving.
Cover the plastic rectangle with a layer of PVA glue or double-sided tape.
Gently place the sticky side of the rectangle against the fabric.
Press the fabric against the sheet and flatten it.
Cut off excess fabric.
Twist the canvas.
Glue the canvas with a glue gun.
Connect the seam with clothespins and place the piece on the table.
Place a weight on top of the seam so that it does not come apart.
Wait for the part to dry.
Place the parts inside the top and bottom along the ring.
Attach a special splitter to the upper ring.
Glue the rings with a glue gun.
Attach clothespins to the edges so that the rings stick better. Leave the detail like this for a while.
Glue tape to the top and bottom of the lampshade, half of which wrap inward.
Cut a strip of fabric, fold the edges and glue to the seam.
Cut off two more strips of fabric, also turn the edges and glue them to the top and bottom of the lampshade.
Wait until all elements are dry.

The brand new lampshade is ready!

Lighting is the most important component of the interior. The coziness and comfort level of our home depends on the lighting. The play of light and shadow allows you to play up the winning moments of the interior and divert attention from unfortunate moments. And also - lamps, floor lamps, chandeliers and lamps create the atmosphere that we call "home". Unique lamps and The best way- make a lampshade with your own hands. Homemade shades and lampshades are the strong point that will make your home stand out from others.

A few words about safety

In the manufacture of lamps, floor lamps and chandeliers in industrial conditions, a preliminary calculation is made of the minimum distance from the "body" of the lamp to the materials. This distance depends on the power and thermal radiation of the lamp and on the type (combustibility) of the material from which the shade / lampshade is made. At home, hardly anyone will bother with such calculations. And in order not to create a dangerous situation, it is worth adhering to certain rules.

And in general, having made a lampshade and installing it, in the first few days, pay attention to whether the lamp shade is warming up. Any rise in temperature above environment... If the shade feels "warm", change the bulb to a less powerful one. Check again. So until the homemade lampshade is warm.

Where to get the frame

If you want to remake an old lamp, a floor lamp, the sconces of which the old lampshade has become unusable, you can simply use the existing base by stripping old stuff... Before starting work, inspect the frame well, if there is rust or damaged coating somewhere, maybe it is worth peeling and painting everything again? At the same time, the color can be changed. If you don't have the old frames, you can buy an inexpensive lamp (at a store or at a flea market) and do the same thing with it. Quite good lampshades can, by the way, be made from waste baskets. They are wire, there are plastic. The main thing is to find the right one in shape and size. Then in the bottom you make a hole for the cartridge. Further - it's up to the decoration / cladding, and then there are a lot of options.

If this method is not available, you can make a lampshade without a frame (there are some) or make a frame yourself. The material for making a frame for a lampshade with your own hands is: wire, wood (wooden or bamboo sticks, specially cut elements), plastic bottles.

How to make a wire frame for a homemade lampshade

The wire for the lamp frame needs aluminum or steel. It is easy to work with aluminum, but it wrinkles easily. This is not very important when the lampshade is already in use, but this fact must be taken into account during operation: you can ruin the shape. On the other hand, such plasticity makes it easy and simple to make changes to the shape during operation. So it's not a bad option. Aluminum wire can be obtained from electrical cables... You will have to remove the protective shell and you can use it.

Steel wire is more elastic so that it retains its shape well. You can search for it on construction market... Working with her is more difficult. It is desirable to have strong male hands nearby.

In addition to the wire, you will need powerful wire cutters and pliers for work. The frame of a lampshade usually consists of two rings and posts connecting them. The shape of the future lampshade depends on the size of the rings and the shape of the racks. Questions may arise about the number of racks and how they are attached. The number of posts depends on the size of the rings and how “round” you want the lampshade. The more racks there are, the smoother the fabric will be. So it's up to you, but the optimal distance between the posts along the lower circle is about 5-6 cm.

Techniques for creating a frame for a wire lampshade

How you attach the stack to the rings of your lampshade depends on the thickness and type of wire and the tools you have. The easiest way is to make a small hook at the end, then clamp it tightly. And so that the ring does not slide left and right, first sand the wire at the attachment point with coarse-grain sandpaper. This is an option for thick aluminum wires. If the wire is steel, with a diameter of 1.2-2 mm or more, the best way is. The thinner wire can be bent and wrapped around the ring, or you can also make a hook.

If you make hooks, wrap the wire, appearance it turns out to be far from being as ideal as with factory frames. But this imperfection will be covered by the lampshade itself. If you still care about it, find a ribbon of a suitable color (usually matched to the color of the lampshade) and carefully wrap the resulting frame. It will get much better. The tape can be coated with PVA glue and, wet, tightly, turn by turn, wrap the frame.

Wire mesh

If you can find a thin wire mesh, you can quickly make an almost perfect cylindrical shade for a floor lamp, table lamp, night light, candle shade, etc. All you need is to cut off a piece of mesh of the required length and width, roll it into a ring and fasten the wires by wrapping them around the racks.

To prevent the mesh from straightening when cutting a piece, cut so that there are long loose ends on both sides. They will be used to fasten the cylindrical shade. And the imperfection of the upper and lower rings can be masked with a tape of the desired color.

From a five liter plastic bottle

An interesting shape of a lampshade can be obtained from a large-capacity plastic bottle. There are bottles of 5-6 liters and even 10. So they can be used. Cut off the top or bottom from the container - depending on what you like best. In the cut off part, we make a ring for the cartridge. If the top is cut off, the neck can be used for some cartridges. For those with a larger diameter, it will have to be cut off.

Then we cut out the excess plastic, form the rims and stands of the plafond. In order not to be mistaken, you can first draw all the lines with a marker. It will be easier to cut. Everything is elementary. Then we just decorate. And yes, you must cut out the plastic, otherwise warm air nowhere to go.

We make lampshades on the frame

There are enough options for how you can make a lampshade cover:

From ribbons

The easiest and quickest way to convert an old lamp shade to a floor lamp or table lamp is to use ribbons. You need a frame or a lampshade in the form of a cylinder. It can be “naked” or covered in fabric. If you use a bare wire frame, light will filter through the slits, which will create interesting lighting effects, but the lighting will be uneven. It is inconvenient to read in this light - this is an interior solution. If you need even lighting, wrap the fabric over the frame first. It can be the same color as the ribbons, a couple of tones darker or lighter, it can be contrasting. It all depends on your desire. And remember that the darker the fabric, the less light the lampshade lets through.

We take a tape 1-2.5 cm wide. We fix it from the seamy side of the lampshade using PVA glue, additionally fixing it with a pin. If we took a wire frame without fabric, we attach it to the upper or lower rim (you can sew it with your hands, you can use glue). Then we begin to wrap the entire frame, from top to bottom, placing the turns of the tape close to each other, but without overlap.

Having completed the circle, unfold the tape 90 °. We fix it in this position (with a needle and thread or PVA glue, glue from a pistol, temporarily fixing it with a pin, pressing it with a clothespin). Then we pass the tape under the first tape, take it out, put it on top of the second one, then pull it down again, pull it up through one tape. So, gradually, we create a weave, filling the entire lampshade.

Alternatively, you can skip two vertical belts. But then you need to make sure that each next row is shifted by one crossbar. Then you get a different type of weave. Such a lampshade is ideal for floor lamps, as it will direct the light downward, and the dispersion through the walls will be small.

In this version, the ribbons can be the same, they can be of the same color, but of different textures, they can differ by a couple of tones or be contrasting. The tapes can be run in a continuous circle around the circle, or after a certain distance. If you find a wide tape and overlap it, then you won't need horizontal ones at all. And if you use a braided or twisted cord (in the lower photo on the right), we get a completely different lampshade. So only this technique of finishing the lampshade gives a lot of options.

Let's briefly present the ideas. There are many options for how you can customize standard lampshade frames. The first method has already been announced: you can knit a lamp shade cover on knitting needles or crochet. Several options in the photo.

Not everyone knows how to knit. It's easier to work with beads, especially if you glue them. You can decorate old fabric with beads, sequins, beads different shapes and sizes. You can make such a "new-old" lampshade with your own hands in a couple of hours. Pick up jewelry that matches the color, coat the fabric with PVA glue, glue the jewelry. To complete the image, you can assemble pendants from beads and beads that are attached to the lower rim, but this is already painstaking work... The effect is interesting though.

You can sew a new fabric lampshade. But it is not necessary to make it an updated copy of the old one. Fantasy should be included! If a lamp or floor lamp is in the girls' room, new case on the lampshade can be made in the form of a skirt. You choose the style of the skirt yourself. They look interesting in the fold. With and without ruffles.

In the boy's room, you can use the old geographic map... They are on thick paper... If the paper is not thick enough, you first need to glue the card onto the cardboard, and then glue the lampshade from such a blank.

Original shades are obtained if the finished frame is braided with threads or ropes. The ropes can be natural. In this case, they are gray, brown beige. Thin synthetic colored cords can be found. They will make products more "fun" in color. The situation is even simpler with knitting threads. They are thin, thick, textured, with a smoothly changing color. In general, there are a lot of options.

We take the frame and weave it according to a certain pattern. You can start with the racks. Braid each rack with a pigtail (the length of the threads should be 3 times the height of the rack). When this work is over, we begin to stretch the threads / ropes between the posts. They will need to be passed through the pigtails, so with threads it is more convenient to do this with a needle, and the ropes can be inserted like that.

The second option is to first entangle the entire frame horizontally, and then braid the racks. The pigtail will not work here, you just need to fix the turns on the rack with inclined stitches with a certain inclination. This version is somewhat simpler in execution, but the "pigtails" look more decorative.

Homemade shades without a frame

Many materials are tough enough to hold their shape on their own and, at the same time, they are flexible enough to make something interesting out of them. Of such homemade lampshades well, a lot. And almost all of them are worth your attention. We will give here only a part, the other part will go in the section with photos (see below).

From knitted lace napkins

Many people have crocheted napkins and they lie in the "stash boxes", as it is a pity to throw it away, and do not know how to use it. There is a very interesting idea - to make a lampshade for a chandelier on a suspension out of them. In addition to napkins, you will need a large Balloon or bouncy ball, glue for heavy wallpaper(vinyl, silkscreen, etc.), brush.

We soak the glue according to the instructions, wait until it swells. We inflate the ball or take the ball, hang it up. When the glue is ready, lay out a napkin on some clean surface, coat it with glue, put it on a ball.

It is necessary to spread it on such a condition that a hole for the cartridge remains in the center. Glue the napkins one by one. They should be laid out so that the edges overlap a little. When all the napkins are laid, we coat them with glue again and leave to dry. When the glue is dry, blow off the ball or ball (the ball can be punctured, if not sorry) and take it out through the hole. That's all, the lace lampshade is ready.

In some cases, problems arise with how to hang the finished lampshade on the cartridge. The problem is solved simply - take a transparent plastic bottle, cut off its neck, if necessary, expand the hole to the desired size (so that it fits tightly on the cartridge), then cut off the plastic so that you get a ring 5-7 cm wide.You coat this ring with PVA glue , and from the inside of the ball you glue it to the lampshade.

Round shades made of threads

Practically the same technology can be used to make round and semicircular stylish shades. Choose a thread of a suitable color. Their composition is absolutely unimportant - the color, thickness and texture are important. They can be shaggy, smooth, twisted, thinner and thicker. The appearance depends on it. It is most convenient to work with medium-thick cotton threads. They absorb glue well and then, after drying, keep their shape perfectly.

You will also need a ball or a ball. This will be the base of the lampshade that defines the shape. The dimensions of the base are selected at will. The threads will need to be glued, for this you need PVA glue. It is poured into a container, diluted with water in a 1: 1 ratio.

Other glue can also be used. It is important that it becomes transparent after drying. These are WB-29 from TYTAN Professional and D2 glue for carpentry work. If you will be using any of these types of adhesives, read the instructions.

Draw a circle on the ball or ball, which will be slightly smaller in size than the lamp holder. Draw a larger circle on the opposite side - this will be the lower edge of the plafond. Now everything is ready, we can proceed.

We coat the threads with glue and wind them around the ball in a chaotic manner. It is more convenient to do this if the glue is poured into the container - you can lower the entire skein there, and just slowly pull the thread. With glue in a tube, everything is not so comfortable: you have to coat areas up to a meter long, wind it up, smear it again. Time takes much longer. This is if you use non-PVA. But on the other hand, the products turn out to be more rigid and do not sag, do not change shape over time, as can happen with filament lampshades on PVA.

When winding threads on a ball, we carefully go around the drawn circles. If you accidentally climbed into the "forbidden territory", we simply move the threads, forming an even (more or less even) edge. When the threads run out or you decide that there is enough density, the process can be stopped. We thread the edge of the thread between others. Everything. Then we coat the ball with wound threads again with glue (PVA can be poured) and leave it to dry (at least 2 days). To prevent the ball from rolling, we find a bowl or saucepan and use it as a stand.

The last step is to blow off the ball or ball. If the ball has a nipple, press on it with a thin wire, releasing air. We take out the deflated ball. That's all, you can thread the lamp inside and test the lampshade.

The technology is the same, but the look is very different ...

Using the technology described above, it is possible to make not only round shades. Rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal. Choose a base that is easy to remove, wind the threads dipped in glue, braid, even sticks, newspaper tubes, etc. After drying, remove the base and now, you have made a lampshade with your own hands. A couple of examples in the photo below.

You can also use sticks…. Only wrap the ball with cling film and use transparent carpentry instead of PVA glue.

It is pasty polymer clay in a tube, which was applied to a milk bag, then dried and the bag was removed ...

Creative homemade shades for lamps, floor lamps and chandeliers

You just wonder why people don't make beautiful and unusual things. Plafond from a cup, grater, bottle, beer or glass jars, metal parts and rings from beer cans ... It seems that everything can be used ...

Old sieve shade ... stylish

Candlesticks turn into lamps ... without lampshades

You won't tell in real life, but these lampshades are made of hooks used to open metal cans for drinks and canned food ... if you paint them, it will be even more interesting

Not sure what to do with granny's crystal? Make plafonds out of it ...

lampshades

Organza lampshade looks just amazing, and you don't need to water such a flower.

Materials and tools:
... Organza of golden marsh and turquoise
... Golden green beads
... Golden wire
... Aerosol acrylic paint golden color
... Lamp
... Glue
... Pliers
... Nippers

1. Cut out 40 petals along an oblique line from two colors of organza.
2. Fold the petals of two colors in pairs and step back from the edge 0.5 cm. Sew a zigzag seam with stitches 2 cm wide. Cut off the excess fabric. Pull each petal slightly along the seam so that the edges are wavy.
3. We cut the wire into 20 pieces 10 cm long and fix it at their ends along a bead. We collect the blanks in a bundle. We twist the ends of the wire so that we get a flat leg. These will be faults.
4. Cut off a 35 cm long wire and string 50 beads onto it. Bend it so that there are 30 beads at one end and 20 beads at the other.
5.Using glue, we fix the petals on the lampshade so that we get a flower.
6. Attach the stamens and a long wire, imitating the brushes.
7. Paint the leg of the lampshade with gold paint.
"Handmade"

making such a lampshade

An ordinary lampshade under an elegant cover looks completely new. The most suitable fabrics are lightweight, stiff and transparent. Choose such tones so that a warm, caressing light emanates from the lamp, white, cream and pink shades create a good mood. You can use an old lampshade with success. For an ugly frame, use an opaque fabric - taffeta, light silk, or thin cotton. If you like the colors of the lampshade, let the design show through the transparent cover.

Curly lampshades
According to this method, the lower cover and the gathered upper cover are sewn separately, which are held by an elastic band. The lining is slipped over the lamp and the upper edge of the lampshade, and the outer cover is attached just below, with the connection hidden under the wide band. Trim the cover with a silk ribbon, light braid, accentuate its narrowed part with a bow, rosette or silk flower - this is a convenient excuse to practice with jewelry. You will need: A concave frame or lampshade. A centimeter, ruler, pencil and scissors. Paper. Textile. Threads. Elastic band 6 mm wide. 2 safety pins. Tape 50 mm wide.

Measurements. Measure the bottom circumference (A) with a centimeter, add 4 cm to the seam. Measure the length of the side (B), add 8 cm to the elastic drawstring. Determine the height of the outer cover (C) and add 1.5 cm for the hem. Write down your measurements.

Calculation of tissue consumption. By taken measurements taking into account the seam allowances, draw a rectangle AxB on the paper. Draw the second rectangle, taking into account the puckering allowance Cx2A. Determine the fabric consumption by the pattern - you need to cut one rectangle of each size.

Open it. Pin the pattern to the fabric along the lining and cut out the outer cover and lining.

Stitching of lining and cover. Stitch short cuts of the lining with a French seam. On open cuts, scribble the drawstrings, first tucking them 3 mm, then 12 mm. Leave a patch on each drawstring to fit the elastic. French seam short sections of the outer cover. Fold one long edge 3mm and stitch. Fold it 3mm again and stitch again.

Lining fit. Thread the elastic into the drawstrings, pin the ends together. Put the cover over the lampshade, tighten the elastic bands so that the cover fits the lampshade. Cut off the ends of the elastic bands and sew them together. Sew the drawstrings with a blind stitch.

How to measure the elastic for the outer cover. Wrap the rubber band around the shade at the top edge of the cover. Pull the elastic slightly so that the cover fits snugly. Cut off the elastic and sew the ends together.

Sewing an elastic band. Fold the elastic in four, mark the folds with pins. Likewise, fold the cover and mark the folds. Pin the elastic to the top edge of the cover from the wrong side, aligning the marks. While pulling on the elastic and collecting the cover in folds, zigzag the elastic.

Finishing. Slip the outer cover over the lining already on the lampshade. Tie a tape around the taper to close the joining line of the covers, attach it with a few stitches. Decorate the lampshade with a bow, rosette, or flower.

Lampshade - "coolie"
You can also sew a cover for a tapered lampshade. Here are the instructions for sewing the floral transparent fabric shade cover mentioned above. This cover is simply glued to a small white tapered lamp shade. If you don't have an old lamp that can be remodeled, find an inexpensive, color-matched lamp shade from your store. You will need: A tapered lampshade. A centimeter, ruler, pencil, scissors. Newspaper. Threads. Ribbon 35 mm wide for tying the top and for the bow. Universal adhesive.

Measurements. Measure the bottom edge of the lampshade (A), add 4cm to the seam. Measure side (B) add 6 mm. Draw a 2AxB rectangle on the paper, taking into account the seam allowances, and calculate the fabric consumption.

Open it. Cut out a rectangle of fabric on the pattern along the equity. Stitch short cuts with a French seam.

Hem. Fold over one edge 3mm and stitch. Fold back the edge 3mm and stitch again.

Pulling up the top edge. Fold the cover in four, mark the folds with pins. Sew along the top edge twice, starting and ending at the pins. Use a pencil to mark four equal areas on the upper edge of the lampshade. Place the cover over the lampshade and, aligning the marks, gather it together to adjust the size. Spread the gathers evenly, secure the threads and remove the cover.

Tying the top. Cut the tape so that there is enough to cover the top edge, add 1.5 cm to overlap the ends. Fold the tape over the gathered edge, fold one cut, attach the tape. Sew the tape to the edge, catching both sides and gathers in the seam.

Finishing. Put the cover on the lampshade, glue universal glue in several places. Tie the remaining tape over the glued area with a bow to mask it.

Advice. Tulle lampshade. For a thin, soft fabric cover to adhere better to the lampshade, it can be reinforced with a hard tulle lining. Measure from the edge of the lampshade on one side to the edge on the opposite side through the top. Cut a circle of that diameter out of the tulle. Drape it symmetrically on the lampshade and cut out a circle that covers the top. Sew the cover as above, but baste the lining before covering the top edge with tape.

The color of the lampshade under the transparent cover with a small frill at the top is in perfect harmony with the decor of the room. Sew the cover as you would for a tapered lampshade. Cover the seam with a ribbon with a bow or a garland of roses.

Types of lampshades
Making a lampshade with your own hands is not difficult at all - this is a good way to save money.

Table lamps and pendant lights play a prominent role in the interior. These are not just light sources in the house, but also important elements decor. You can reduce the cost of furnishing and choose the perfect lamp by making a lampshade with your own hands.

What you need to make a lampshade
Kits for most of our models are commercially available. But if you don't have a lampshade unusual shape, you can find an original old model at a thrift store that you customize to your liking.

Frameworks. The frame consists of an upper and a lower ring, connected by uprights, and a base for the lampshade. The rings and the shape of the uprights determine the type of lampshade. For example, a cylindrical lampshade has the same upper and lower ring diameters. Rings are connected by straight vertical struts. The graceful "concave empire" lampshade has an upper ring smaller than the lower one and the uprights are smoothly curved inward.

Materials. To make and cover the frame, you will need: Strong cotton tape with a tight weave that is wrapped around the frame so that you can sew on the lampshade. Self-adhesive paper tape if the lampshade is not sewn on. Enamel for painting a metal frame.

Textile. When choosing fabric for your lampshade, follow the rules: Look through the fabric at the lamp and check how it transmits light. An unlined lampshade requires a thick fabric to hide the contours of the lamp and uprights. If the outline is visible through the lampshade, make a backing. The fabric sets off the light of the lamp. For example, blue and green lampshades give a cool light, red and yellow give a warm glow.

Armature. Fixtures for lamp fittings are included with each frame. Usually the lampshade of a table lamp is attached to its stand by a pendant ring with spacers or to a special frame that rests directly on the fixture; small "candle" lamps have clamps that hold the lampshade. Lampshades pendant lights suspended from fittings.

Parchment paper for a sleek lampshade. Self-adhesive PVC sheet is a hard PVC sheet that can be glued to fabric or other material. Decorative finishing that is glued or sewn on to mask the seams and trim the lampshade.

A dark, heavy fabric lampshade lets light in from above and below and creates a directional stream of light.

Thick fabric is not suitable for a pleated lampshade. On the flared lampshade, the pattern is more distinct at the bottom. Check how the folded patch of fabric looks.

A curly lampshade requires soft, easily draped fabrics. The fabric pattern should fit nicely on a diagonal.

Frame fabrication
Before covering the frame of the lampshade with fabric, it must be prepared depending on the type of frame and covering material. For example, if you are making a cardboard hood on a plastic-coated frame, no preparatory steps are required. The metal frame should first be painted with white enamel to prevent rusting. The old frame must be cleaned with sandpaper. If you will be sewing the lampshade to the frame, then you must first paint the frame and wrap it with tape, after which you can sew on the cover.

Frame painting. If metal carcass not covered with PVC, it should be painted. Remove traces of rust with sandpaper. Sand the frame so that bumps and ridges do not damage the fabric. Paint the uprights and rings with white enamel, but do not touch the center ring.

Wrapping the frame. If the frame is covered only with fabric, then you need to wrap it with cotton tape. Do not wrap the hanger and reinforcement ceiling lamp... To calculate tape consumption, measure the length of each strut and the circumference of each ring and multiply by 3. This will be total length braid. If a white tape shows through the dark fabric, paint the tape to match the color of the lampshade.

Wrapping the rack. Cut strips of tape 3 times the length of the rack. Start at the top of the rack. Wrap the end of the tape around the ring, then around the stand to secure the end. Pulling the tape slightly, wrap the rack from top to bottom in a spiral so that each turn covers and holds the previous one. The finished winding must not move.

Securing the winding. When you reach the bottom of the stand, wrap the tape around the ring, thread the end into the last loop to make a knot. Pull the tape tight and leave a loose end. Wrap all but one uprights this way.

Wrapping the top ring. Measure the circumference of the top and bottom rings and the height of the last, unwrapped post. Cut the braid to the specified length. Roll up the tape and secure with a rubber ring, leaving a free end of 20 cm. Hold the end of the tape in front of the top ring at the unwrapped stand. Slip the tape over the ring over the free end, secure the end.

Completion of work. Wrap the top ring, wrap a "figure eight" tape around each rack. When you reach the unwrapped rack, secure it with a "figure eight" and wrap it from top to bottom. Make a figure eight at the bottom and wrap the bottom ring. At each stand, cut the ends of the tape to 1 cm and hide them under the tape wound with a "figure eight". When finished wrapping, cut all ends of the tape to 6 mm, tuck and sew by hand.

How to choose a base stand
The lamp shade and lamp base must be integral. There are several principles to keep in mind when choosing a base stand and lampshade. The shade should completely cover the fixture, but not the lamp stand. The lower diameter of the lampshade should be twice as wide as the widest point of the base stand. The height of the lampshade should be 1-2 times the height of a round or vase-shaped base stand. The height of the lampshade for the base stand and the candle should be 1/3 of the height of the stand.

It is not always possible to find an offer of lamps in stores that meets our needs. Often an old lamp takes on a rather unsightly look, and it is a pity to throw it away. Why not try to design your own lighting and make your own lampshade for a table lamp?

Where to start, where to find inspiration? What materials are needed? You will find answers to these questions and some interesting master classes in this article.

DIY paper lampshade for a table lamp

Lamps with a paper shade do not belong to products that are made exclusively craftsmen... Similar lamp caps are sold in many stores that sell lighting and furniture for home interior... Their price, as a rule, differs significantly from the cost of production. For this reason, many people decide to purchase cardboard, paper, and make them on their own. How to make a do-it-yourself paper lamp shade for a lamp?

Paper selection

Paper lampshade can take various forms and be used in interiors different styles... What kind of paper to buy?

For manufacturing, it is necessary to purchase sufficiently high-quality and suitable paper, since the durability of the product directly depends on this.
Paper cannot be thin like regular paper, as this will quickly deteriorate the product.
She must let light through.

The best option would be a rice paper hat. This material, despite its small thickness, is very durable. Rice paper is sold in sheets of various sizes. For example, a sheet with a colored pattern can be 50 x 70 cm in size.

Rice paper

Rice paper can be glued to the old light fixture, giving it the new kind... You can also remove the old material and wrap the new metal frame. Sometimes the paper is additionally decorated with special stamps. This allows you to add additional decor for plain paper.

White paper lampshades are not only a tribute to the Far East, they are perfect for interiors in scandinavian style... Almost everywhere, where muted colors, natural materials dominate, you can safely use such solutions.

From wallpaper

Another interesting idea that requires almost no financial costs is a wallpaper lampshade for a floor lamp or table lamp. The most popular option is accordion-folded paper. For this purpose, the wallpaper left over from a recent renovation will be useful, such an element of the interior will perfectly match the walls. If there is no wallpaper, you can always buy a roll of leftovers; large stores usually offer favorable discounts for such products. Wallpaper can be used to make a lampshade for a table lamp using the existing frame, or for pendant lamps.

What you need:

a piece of wallpaper;
ruler;
pen;
hole puncher;
lace.

How to make a lampshade from wallpaper - master class

This is a simple solution that even a child can handle.

DIY plafond from mesh

In a modern apartment, decorated in an industrial style, as well as in the garden, a luminaire made of metal mesh and wire will show itself perfectly.

The mesh can be formed in any shape you like and the ends can be connected, for example, with a thin wire.

Then, using a wire, the mesh is attached to the top of the cable with the light bulb.

The shape of the lampshade is usually reduced to a ball or ellipse, but you can make any option, for example, a parallelepiped. To obtain this shape, you must use a frame made of durable wire or thick cardboard. The lampshade can be supplemented with artificial flowers, intertwined with colored laces. As a result, the mesh loses its harsh minimalist character and the product can be used in a different style of interior.

Lace

Lamps with lace lampshades add lightness and elegance to the interior. Depending on the type of lace, they allow you to get diffused or bright light. This lamp is suitable for:

living rooms,
bedrooms,
children's rooms.

The main material required for the manufacture of the case is lace. However, due to the relatively high price, lace can be replaced, for example:

unused lace napkins;
a piece of lace fabric;
leftovers from curtains tulle for windows.

The lace should be cut into circles, squares or stripes. The most time consuming process is gluing individual elements with glue. You can use regular wallpaper glue.

The lampshade for the chandelier, made of lace, created with your own hand using a crochet hook and a thin thread, looks very romantic. Such a product will decorate the room of needlewomen, and will be an excellent demonstration of the skill of the needlewoman.

From beads

In this case, beads are used instead of paper and fabric. The glamorous lamp shade obtained from beads lets in a lot of light. Its implementation is simple, and the end result is absolutely amazing.

You will need:

frame for the lampshade,
fishing line,
beads.

Work order

Attach the end of the line to the frame.
String the beads or seed beads, making knots so that the balls do not move.
Then attach the other end to the frame and place the beaded lines about 3 cm apart.

Making a lampshade out of thread with beads can be a bit more time-consuming than making crafts out of paper or lace, but the unique and impressive decorative effect more than makes up for it.

Thus, there are many interesting ways how to make a lampshade with your own hands. Using the above recommendations, you can refuse to buy an expensive, unoriginal lamp and replenish the interior with a unique piece of decor of your own production.

Master class for making a lampshade at home - video

Sponge lamp

Materials (edit)
a roll of masking tape
scissors
a sheet of plastic to prevent the assembled lampshade from sticking to the table
marker for drawing a circle on a sheet of plastic
cardboard tube
cartridge with cord
light bulb 25W or less

Instructions
1. Fix the cartridge with the cord in the tube. This will be the base of the lamp.
2. To create a lampshade, it is necessary to calculate its diameter - it should be 7.5 cm higher than the tip of the lamp installed in the tube. Draw a circle of the calculated diameter on a sheet of plastic with a marker
3. Cut the masking tape into small pieces of 5 cm wide. Cut in batches of 20.
4. Form the tape into strips, leaving the sticky side of the tape on the outside. One edge of such tubes should be wider than the other (cones).
5. Begin gluing the straws in a circle on the plastic sheet with the narrow end toward the center.
6. Create the layers of tubes, varying the diameters of the layers, so that you get a hemispherical structure.
7. Peel off the hemisphere from the plastic sheet, turn it over, and continue to glue the lampshade. The end of this hemisphere must be left open for the lamp on the tube. The hole diameter should be equal to the tube diameter.
8. Once you have finished assembling the second half of the lampshade sphere, turn the entire structure over and fit onto the cartridge tube. The lamp is ready!

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Christmas balls-cobwebs made of threads. Description.

To work you need a balloon and threads.

The secret of making webs is simple. Before starting work, inflate a rubber ball, lubricate its surface with a very thin layer of petroleum jelly. If it is difficult with balloons, and there are no children nearby, you can inflate a condom instead. Prepare some kind of glue - silicate, office, PVA, or weld starch paste yourself (4 teaspoons of starch in a glass of water).

Then find a small plastic jar, for example, for a medicine, thread a thick boot needle and pierce the jar so that the thread passes freely through it. Now you can pour the prepared glue into it. When pulling the thread through the jar, it will be smeared with glue. In order not to get dirty, put on latex gloves and an apron.

Use a little trick. Place a thin needle at the end of the thread and pierce a piece of electrical tape with it. Pull the thread in the opposite direction and glue this tape firmly to the jar. Thus, through a small hole in the electrical tape, the glue will not wet the thread so abundantly and will stop dripping from the thread onto your table and clothes.

Now tie the thread to the ball and wind the thread evenly over the surface of the ball. This is done in the same way as when winding a regular ball of thread. The threads should be held in the hands with a slight tension. Here, of course, a certain skill is required so as not to get dirty and not stick. But it only seems difficult at the beginning.

When the winding is finished, tie the end of the thread in a knot and hang the ball to dry. It is best to hang it by a string. You should not take risks and dry the ball near heating devices because rubber doesn't like it. Hot air can cause the balloon to burst. Dry the ball thoroughly, usually 1 day is enough. There is no need to rush. It is important.

And when the threads have completely hardened and become thoroughly stiff, the rubber ball must be removed by first piercing it with a needle. Well, the cobweb is ready!

Balloons small size easy to adapt as Christmas tree decorations or window decoration. You can make a snowman and other funny figures from them. You can glue something on the surface of the ball, for example, glitter, pictures. You can even make a spider-web lampshade for a lamp from a large ball by fixing the lamp holder firmly on the ball.

And a few more words about threads. If preparing aerial structure- then the threads should be thin, light. And if you are doing something solid, for example, a planter for flowers, then it is better to take thick threads or even ropes and not spare any glue. The color of the threads can be of any color. True, it depends on the glue used. When the glue is transparent and leaves no residue, you can experiment by wrapping the ball with threads of different shades. It will turn out to be even more interesting.

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How to build frame house

The first stage of construction frame house is the choice of the project, which takes into account the number of storeys of the future building, the area of the living area, technological complexity, engineering systems... As a rule, the number of storeys and the total area depends on the wishes of the owner and on his financial capabilities. At the same stage, it is necessary to work out all the engineering systems: heating, chimney, ventilation, air conditioning, power supply, water supply and others.

At the second stage, it is necessary to coordinate the project with the architectural structures and obtain a permit for future construction. The structure is also linked on the ground. This is necessary to take into account the relief at the construction site. A flat surface significantly reduces the cost of building a building.

At the third stage, the required materials are calculated and the approximate time frame for the completion of work. After calculations and preparation construction site the process of building a frame house begins directly. The main elements of this type of construction are intermediate and corner posts, lower and upper strapping, floor beam, opening crossbar, rafter leg.

Most simple option is the purchase of ready-made sandwich panels that are assembled into a single structure. In this case, you save cash and the time spent building. The assembled frame is insulated with a special material, due to which heat losses are reduced.

Frame technology is the most common way to erect a construction site. If you have basic knowledge and skills, you can build a frame house with your own hands - tools;
- Construction Materials;
- construction project or a house plan; The disadvantage of building a house from ready-made panels is the presence of metal elements that condense moisture during temperature changes. This, in turn, negatively affects the wooden elements of the building.

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Making the trunk STEP 3. ASSEMBLING THE WOOD.

For the trunk frame, copper or aluminum wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a length of 45-50 cm is used. If we plan to bend the trunk, then the wire must be bent immediately (before the branches are attached), and at the end of the wire we must do it.

From the set aside blanks, we form the crown and attach it to the prepared frame. Then, not forgetting about the rule of the golden ratio, we begin to attach the prepared branches to the frame, placing them like on a spiral staircase.

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Angel wings

You will need:
medium hard wire 3m
non-woven fabric on an adhesive base, the denser the better the square 1m * 1m
feather packing
down ribbon 3m
a wide elastic band, you can take a decorated one so as not to make holes in the main outfit, but simply put the wings on top of it, but you can decorate the elastic band and 0.7m yourself
Velcro, the same width as the elastic 0.1m
glue, for convenience it is worth buying a spray glue, but if this is not possible, then you can take any glue, only transparent

We make a frame for future wings from wire, you can do this with pliers or just attract your husband. On both sides, we wrap the frame with non-woven liner with the glue side inward and iron it with a hot iron so that the non-woven linen sticks together. Cut off the excess along the contour and proceed to the design with feathers. To do this, we apply glue to our wings and glue them tightly to the base on both sides. When the wings are dry, we sew a down ribbon along the contour.

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Making a heart with your own hands
Take a thick wire, create a loop in the middle of it, close the edges together to make a heart. Cross the ends of the wire together and point up.
Using round-nose pliers, create curls from the free ends of the wire inside the heart. At the bottom point, fasten the thick wire frame with a rather long thin segment (approximately in its middle). Now we put beads and beads on the ends of a thin wire in random order, fasten them to a frame made of thick wire.
Please note that the heart that you see in the photo will not hang very evenly, because the number of beads attached to its right and left sides is not the same (in terms of quantity and weight). If you are making a pendant or earrings, balance will be of great importance. If you intend to decorate with a heart festive table, a gift or a postcard, then balance will not play a very big role and you will have a wider field for imagination.

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How to make a niche

Whatever your wall consists of, first you need to decide on the size and shape of the future niche. Draw a real-size sketch of a niche on a piece of Whatman paper. Then cut it out and attach it to the wall. Mark the outline of the niche on the wall with chalk or pencil. Then a niche should be cut. If the wall is drywall, do this with a drywall knife. If it is brick or foam concrete, knock out the hole with a puncher or with a chisel and hammer.

Then attach a metal drywall profile to the inside of your niche. The profile must first be bent to the shape of the niche. This must be done with screws, using a screwdriver. You will get a frame for a niche. It is necessary to mount drywall on it and sheathe a niche. Then the surface should be leveled with a putty. When it is dry, sand the surface and paint the niche.

When the niche is ready, you can think about putting lights into it. It is fashionable to do now spot lighting... To mount it, cut holes in the drywall for halogen lamps and install the latter in a niche. Connect their wires together - the phase should be adjacent to the phase, and zero to zero. Then connect the phase to the output from the protection unit, and the input to the switch. Connect the switch to electricity. It is best to grind the wall down to the nearest junction box, start up the wire and putty the unevenness.

The niche in the wall is original item interior. It will decorate any room, you can put a vase or some kind of decoration in it. A niche always looks great, and it's easy to make, especially if you have drywall walls.

For a brick or foam concrete wall: a hammer drill (you can get by with a chisel and hammer).

For a plasterboard wall: plasterboard knife, metal profile, screws, screwdriver.

Sandpaper, putty, paint.

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How to assemble a hang glider

In accordance with the marking, assemble all the longitudinal tubes of the frame (side and keel). Assemble the transverse tubes of the frame, the steering frame (trapezoid), attach the lower braces to it and lay it on the ground so that the docking bracket is on top. Place the longitudinal and side frame tubes on it.

Take the sail and put it on the longitudinal pipes of the frame, making sure that the sail is intact and that the pipes pass through the longitudinal pockets correctly.

Attach the frame and dome to the steering frame bracket. Install a mast on top with upper and lower guy ropes. Attach the braces to the side tubes of the frame. Then attach the sail to the sidewalls.

Attach the rear lower and upper braces to the rear end of the keel beam. Raise the glider by the bow and attach the canopy and front upper and lower braces to the steering linkage. Stretch the longitudinal and lateral braces. Secure them with locknuts.

Fasten the keel pocket with braces. Check for correct assembly and secure fastening.

A hang-glider is the simplest aircraft that uses the force of gravity for its movement and the interaction of the hang-glider wing with the incoming air currents. A large enough wing makes it difficult to transport the hang glider to the launch site. However, the hang glider can be assembled in half an hour.

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The first 3D-printed building will appear in 2014.
The possibilities of 3D printers are amazing. The first 3D devices, intended mainly for solving everyday needs, have not yet entered our life, when they are already ready to entrust them with new, really serious tasks. We are already talking about the fact that 3D printing can eventually replace the entire construction industry.
Researchers at MIT are working on 3D technology that will allow the construction of wireframes building structures in one day - instead of the usual month for the construction team. And this is not just a scientific interest - the first building using this technology Danish experts intend to erect in 2014.
Roycenaars plans to use a 3D printer developed by Italian inventor Enrico Dini for his work. The plan is to "print" fragments of the framework measuring 6 × 9 meters, which will include sand and inorganic binders, and then fill the framework with reinforced fibers and concrete.
We named this building the first, however, judging by the speed with which 3D technologies are developing today and Roysenaars' statement that he does not plan to complete his project before 2014, who knows - maybe someone else will be the first ... (Source http: / /vk.com/public36519690 -Supported by http://luxtec.ru/)

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"Cash" gift
If you do not know what to give a person for any holiday, you can always present him with a cash gift. However, simply handing a crumpled bill to the hero of the occasion is not at all interesting. A cash gift can be decorated beautifully.

Instructions:

1. First, you can give a person money with the expectation that he will buy himself a specific thing. Glasses, hats and clothes are very difficult to buy without first trying them on. You can buy a regular greeting card or an envelope and draw on it what your friend or relative will need to spend the monetary gift on. If you don't know how to draw well, glue some collage together. Find the pictures you want in various glossy magazines and seal them over the envelope or the inside of the postcard.

2. The second way to arrange a cash gift is to present it with some kind of souvenir. Buy a small stuffed animal and have the money in her hand. You can donate money that is in the piggy bank (the main thing is to choose one that will open and close).

3. If you have minimal artistic ability, make a craft out of the cash gift. For example, you can roll small airplanes, stars or boats from banknotes. The main thing is to be careful not to damage the valuable gift! You can arrange a present in the form of a "money tree". To do this, you will need a wire from which you will need to make the trunk and branches of the tree. After the frame is ready, banknotes are carefully glued to it (at the very edge). The glue should be strong enough so that you don't lose everything along the way, but it should be delicate, otherwise the bills will be damaged. Wallpaper glue or homemade paste works best.

4. A wide range of fake "toy" money can be found on store shelves today. You can arrange a cash gift in a comic way: mix real money with toy money and invite the person to find the valuable part of their gift on their own. Some fake money can be written with wishes.

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How to make a bed

Start by using a plane to cut the planks. For work, it is advisable to use boards 50 mm wide. After leveling the surface, their width will decrease to 40 mm. If you have the opportunity, then purchase better material width 40 mm. Please note that you will have to level up in any case, since materials sold in stores require additional processing. Also, use a planer to flatten the piece of timber that is intended for the bed legs.

Then calculate the dimensions. Take into account the dimensions of the purchased mattress. For such a bed, use a 1600x2000 mm mattress. As a result, you should have 2 boards of 2080 mm, one board 1600 mm long, 1 board 1680 mm long and 4 legs of 30 cm each

Then make a 45 degree bevel on the front panel. A square will help you in this matter. Mark and cut straight with a hacksaw. If the bevel is crooked, then level it with a plane. So, the frame is ready.

The bed, according to all the rules, should be done at the corners. As a result, it turns out to be an ideal rectangular shape. In your design, the legs will be used as corners. Saw a block into 4 legs, 30 cm each. After that, mark out. Mark the middle on each leg. As a result, there will be a visible side of the leg and an invisible one. In each leg, cut a corner of 4 cm. The board should fit well into this groove.

Now you can go directly to the assembly of the bed. Twist the entire structure with self-tapping screws. Fasten the bar flush with the legs from the inside. It will support the slatted bottom. Attach two iron plates to support the middle rail.

It remains to make the headboard. Place the headboard against the back of the bed. Fasten it with screws from below. Do this so that you have the opportunity to bend the beam and insert the leatherette canvas. Lay the foam rubber. Start attaching its bottom edge. Leave a little twist. Pull it down from above and secure with self-tapping screws. It is best to attach the wall of the bed from the bottom.

Any house must have good bed... It is essential for sleep and rest. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase, then you can do it yourself. The result is exactly what you want.

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Crafting with children by February 23: airplanes. From plastic bottles can be done interesting crafts for children using papier mache technique. Boys will probably be interested in a homemade plane made from a plastic bottle, and girls will be able to make a whole home zoo.

The principle of making toys from plastic bottles using the papier mâché technique is as follows. First, the frame of the future craft is made from cut and whole bottles. All is fastened with tape. Additional parts are cut out of cardboard and also attached with tape or tape.

After that, you need to pick or cut the paper into small pieces. It can be either ordinary paper for printers or special corrugated paper for children's crafts. Dilute PVA glue with water in a 1: 1 ratio. Then, dipping each piece in diluted glue, attach it to the bottle frame. So cover your craft with 4-6 layers of paper.

When the glue is dry, color and decorate your craft made from plastic bottles.

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To make a frame (base for a mini-farm), use coniferous timber with a section of 45 * 90 mm or 45 * 40 mm. After you assemble the frame, paint it thoroughly with nitro enamel (white). Make the rest of the parts easily removable so that you can easily replace them during use.

Make the parts for the hay nursery out of waterproof plywood, 7-8 mm thick. Attach plywood parts using nails or screws to a frame made of bars, the cross section of which is 40 * 45 mm. The hay nursery will immediately serve as a door to the cell. On the inside, cover the manger with a galvanized mesh with a cell of 25 * 50 mm. When you complete the entire assembly, paint the outer part with white nitro enamel.

Make a feed trough using the same technology. For the frame, use bars 40x45 mm, but all wooden parts must be upholstered with tin, otherwise the rabbits can gnaw them. Attach plywood parts to a 20 * 20 mm rail. Paint the outside of the feeder.

On a 20 * 20 mm block, assemble the parts for the watering device, but first, the parts have everything inner sides glue or use a stapler to attach foil insulation, the thickness of which is 4 mm. Build the queen cell and the maternity ward in the same way. Carefully paint both of these rooms outside and inside with white nitro enamel.

To collect manure, make cones from 20 * 20 mm slats. Collect them with rivets, paint over the inside with slate car mastic.

Build the floor from slats and upholstery with a rail made of galvanized sheet. It should be easy to remove. Install the truss on brick posts, strictly horizontally. Several of these mini-farms, placed under one roof, are called "shed". You can arrange them at your discretion. Make sure the front side of the farm is facing south. The roof can be covered with any material, you can also make trays for the drainage of the rain Veda. Perform all electrical work in compliance with all rules and regulations. To maintain the required water temperature in the water trough (+25 C), a thermostat is required. One thermostat is enough for 30-40 mini-farms.

http://biserok.org/gipsovyiy-stvol-bisernogo-dereva/

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how to make sprigs of beads For weaving, we need:
- large green beads 70-90 gr.
- beaded wire - 1.5 spools
For the trunk we need:
- green threads (shoe, silk or floss)
- aluminum wire for the barrel frame (diameter 3-4 mm) - 50 cm.
- aluminum wire for the frame of the branches (diameter 2 mm) - 1 m.
- stand (metal cover was used for conservation)
- brown gouache (for children) or watercolor
- acrylic enamel Kompozit (red gold color)
- brushes
- moss
- gypsum
- PVA glue
- automotive varnish transparent aerosol

Weaving and assembling tree branches.
Because this MK is dedicated to the trunk, I will give short description weaving and assembling tree branches.
Step 1. Weave the blanks. (see photo)
From large beads we weave blanks of branches in the amount of 90-100 pcs. Step 2. We collect the branches of the first row. (see photo). With a strong green thread (you can use a floss), we tightly fasten our blanks to the wire (frame), placing their subsequent blanks in a spiral (alternating). For the frame of this branch, we use pieces of wire with a diameter of 1.5 - 2 mm and a length of 15-20 cm.
In this way, we collect 30 pieces. branches of the first row.

Step 3. We collect the branches of the second row. (see photo)
The branches are collected in the same way as the previous ones. For one branch of the second row, it is necessary to use 5 branches of the first row. The branches are arranged in a spiral. For the frame of the branch, we use an aluminum wire with a diameter of 2 mm.
In this way, we prepare 6 branches.

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