Steel formwork with steel deck. Using metal formwork

Metal formwork is an effective structure for arranging the foundations and walls of buildings. Thanks to its application, the appearance of defects at the joints is excluded. Which is almost impossible to avoid when installing wooden formwork.

Shields are the main structural element. Slopes, racks and struts are used for their fastening. The deck is the main part of the structure. It is in contact with the concrete surface. The type of building being built and the design load are the main factors affecting the strength of the formwork.

Formwork is subdivided into:

removable;
non-removable.

The removable structure is removed after the concrete is poured and hardened. This formwork can be used several times. Its inner surface, which is in contact with concrete, must be as smooth as possible. The area of application is the construction of several monolithic structures with different configurations.

Permanent formwork is constructed in combination with thermal insulation material. In most cases, this structure is a hollow block with grooves that connect adjacent elements. The main area of use for non-removable products is wall construction.

For the production of metal formwork for the foundation, materials such as steel or aluminum are used. The steel structure is more resistant to mechanical stress. But it corrodes. The aluminum frame is lightweight and will last much longer. But his device is more expensive.

Construction characteristics

To create metal formwork, sheets with a thickness of 1-2 mm are used. Despite the high cost, the use of this material has its advantages. These include:

foundation device of any configuration;
additional waterproofing;
versatility;
creating a completely smooth surface;
ideal for monolithic and strip foundations (due to reinforcement welded to the formwork);
simplicity of cladding (with a significant elevation of the base of the house above the ground);
maximum rigidity;
ease of installation work.

Steel formwork has the following technical characteristics:

shield height - 0.6-3 m;
their width is 0.25-1.2 m;
frame turnover - up to 300 cycles, deck turnover - up to 80 cycles;
deflection - no more than 1/400 span;
concrete pressure - 75-80 kPa.

The frame made of shields is a closed loop, for the manufacture of which 2 types of profiles are used: rectangular (for stiffening ribs) and edge (located along the perimeter of the shields). To create the deck, plywood is used, which has a thickness of up to 2 cm.

Preparatory work

When laying the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil. For this reason, the steel formwork must be laid to a depth of at least 0.7-0.8 m.

For high-quality work, you will need the following materials and tools:

ready-made shields;
wooden pegs;
dye;
hammer;
brush;
spanners;
screwdriver;
pliers;
assembly grip;
struts;
leveling beams;
building level;
plumb line;
roulette;
wire;
special locks (elongated and wedge);
brackets;
kingpin;
tie screws;
plastic tubes and cones;
nuts and washers;
traffic jams.

At the preliminary stage, the surface is marked. The correct alignment of the foundation axes is checked with a tensioned wire. And formwork - using plumb lines, which are lowered from the wire.

Before the aluminum formwork is installed, beacons must be installed. They are wooden stakes that are driven in flush with the base. On the lighthouses, paint marks are made, which should be guided by when installing shields and supporting elements.

The following requirements are imposed on the place of installation work:

it must be free of debris and dirt;
the surface is leveled with a cut of protruding tubercles;
installation of shields is carried out without adding earth;
supporting elements of the structure are installed only on a fixed base (without seasonal ground movements).

The part of the formwork that will come into contact with the concrete surface is coated with a special grease. This improves the adhesion properties of the coating and provides reliable protection of the formwork from environmental influences (corrosion, frost).

Stages of installation work

The assembly of the structure can be done independently. But rental aluminum formwork is also a good option. Installation can be carried out both using separate panels and pre-assembled panels (but no more than 5-6 panels measuring 3 × 1.2 m).

The connection of the elements is carried out using tie screws (with washers and nuts), which are threaded into the tapered holes in the frame of the panels. It is recommended to place the clamping screws in a plastic tube. This ensures their reliable protection against the influence of concrete. The length of the plastic tube must match the thickness of the wall to be erected.

When installing wall formwork with one tier using boards with a height of 1.2-2.5 m, 2 clamping screws in height are sufficient. If the structure is erected from 2 tiers with shields over 2.5 m high, then on each side of them there should be 3 tightening screws. Unused openings are closed with plugs or plastic cones.

Adjacent shields are connected using locks. Their number depends on the height of the elements and the proximity of the joint to the outer corner. When the outer shield is attached, pivots are used instead of locks. The horizontal parts are fixed with clamping screws.

To connect the additional elements with the main shields, 2 wedge locks are mounted. If the structure is too high (over 2.5 m), the connection to the main shields is carried out using wedge locks and leveling beams with pivots. Their number depends on the width of the additional shield.

Often, when erecting wall formwork, the boards are connected by additional inserts. If the size of the additional insert is less than 0.2 m, then universal locks are used to fasten them. When installing inserts longer than 0.2 m, use locks and leveling beams. The use of additional inserts guarantees maximum tensile strength of the structure.

First, the installation of external panels is carried out, to fix which struts are used. After that, the internal shields are fastened. The slinging of the structure is carried out using a mounting grip. Each panel is lifted 2 points.

The high-quality performance of installation work is evidenced by:

correct fastening of embedded elements;
tight joints of formwork parts with a concrete surface and additional elements;
reliable fixation of struts and brackets;
coincidence in the axes of the horizontal and vertical parts of the formwork.

As for the installation of a metal structure, differences in surface heights of no more than 2 mm are allowed.

When constructing monolithic reinforced concrete structures, the most important point is the installation of high-quality formwork. In fact, these are just molds for giving the liquid concrete solution the required configuration.

If these forms are assembled incorrectly, the quality of the structure being erected will suffer. One of the most durable and easy-to-use options is metal formwork.

Scope of formwork

In professional construction, wooden formwork systems are used less and less. They have a large number of disadvantages, due to which the cast foundation may turn out to be of poor quality.

The use of metal formwork for the foundation is a modern solution that allows you to obtain high quality results. The equipment is used in the construction of structures for various purposes. This can be the construction of the foundation, the construction of walls, columns, floors and other elements of the building.

The use of steel formwork elements is possible not only in professional, but also in private construction. Of course, buying a set of shields with an iron frame and fasteners for performing a one-time job is impractical. But you can rent the equipment you need. This service is available in most regions.

Modern kits for the assembly of formwork forms are foldable, this circumstance greatly facilitates transportation and allows you to organize storage in small areas. When using formwork for the construction of small objects, there is no need to use lifting equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal formwork

Let's figure out what advantages steel formwork has and what disadvantages it has. First, let's note the positive points:

metal structures are strong and rigid, thanks to which you can be sure that the forms will withstand the pressure of the concrete mixture;
One of the main advantages of metal formwork is a perfectly smooth surface. Unlike rough wooden panels, metal structures allow you to get perfectly smooth monolithic building parts. In addition, smooth panels are easier to separate from hardened concrete than rough ones;
the strength of the formwork ensures not only the high quality of monolithic parts, but also allows the forms to be reused. One set can be used up to 500 times.

Advice! Modern metal formwork kits have coatings, thanks to which they are reliably protected from the effects of corrosion.

The disadvantages of this option include:

significant weight, only small shields can be handled. The use of large panel systems is possible only if there are lifting equipment;

Advice! The lighter formwork option is aluminum structures. But they are more susceptible to deformation than steel ones.

high cost, which, however, pays off due to the possibility of repeated use.

Thus, the pros far outweigh the cons of this equipment.

Types of metal formwork

Metal formwork is produced in several versions, the choice is made depending on the project and the planned scope of work. It is necessary to decide on the type of formwork at the design stage. Most often, the following options are used:

girder-transom;
large-panel;
small-panel.

Beam-transom

The use of this type of formwork systems is justified for the construction of prefabricated monolithic and monolithic structures. In particular:

overlappings;
foundation;
columns;
load-bearing walls.

The use of girder-girder technology makes it possible to create structures of complex shapes with a given curvature of bending. Therefore, the equipment is especially in demand when erecting buildings decorated with various architectural elements. The advantages of this construction method are:

relatively low weight of the structure;
quite simple installation, the ability to combine monolithic and prefabricated elements;
high speed of dismantling works;
the possibility of repeated use without additional cleaning between cycles;
the ability to use in conjunction with other formwork structures.

Large-panel

A feature of this type of formwork is the large size of the boards. The formwork is a prefabricated structure reinforced with vertical and horizontal stiffeners.

The main purpose of use is the formation of massive and high vertical surfaces. Large-panel systems are used as formwork for walls, as they can withstand significant loads. Using additional elements, you can form very long and high structures.

They use movable large-panel formwork in professional construction, since the installation and dismantling work requires the use of special equipment.

The core of the kit is large-area shields that are connected to each other using rigid mountings. During installation, jacks are used, with the help of which their position is adjusted.

Small-shield

The use of panel metal formwork with small panels is an advantageous solution for both professional and private construction. The kit includes:

formwork panels that are in direct contact with concrete mortar;
support elements that fix the shields in the desired position;
fastening devices.

With the help of small-panel formwork systems, large forms (up to 15 meters in height) can be cast. They are often used for pouring foundations. After the concrete has set, the systems can be easily dismantled and transferred to the next section.

The undoubted advantage of this type is its versatility. Small-panel systems are used not only in housing construction, but also in the construction of various technical structures - wells, fences, etc.

It is worth noting the high economic efficiency of using the kits, they are used many times, which allows not only to recoup the cost, but also to quickly reach a profit.

Installation and dismantling of metal formwork

Installation of steel formwork requires certain knowledge and skills. Here are the basic rules for its installation. The main goal is to ensure accurate compliance with the shape and size in accordance with the project.

Advice! Due to the complexity of the installation work, you should not undertake their implementation without proper classification. It is better to seek help from specialists.

The main elements to be installed are:

shields;
frame beams;
locks for fixing;
screeds of sheets.

In addition, you will need parts such as PVC pipes to isolate the transverse screeds and to create mounting holes for the output of communications:

start the installation of metal formwork from the corner of the future building. For this, two shields are installed and fixed by installing braces;

Advice! Braces are fasteners that fix the boards in a vertical position and ensure their immobility.

after the installation of the corner panels, the sequential installation of the remaining panel elements is carried out. They must be correctly installed and secured carefully. Most often, screw connections are used for fastening;
immediately after the installation of the next shield, the braces are installed, the braces can be installed both on the area of one shield, and at the junction of two panels. Both options are acceptable, it is only important to observe the design step of installing the supports;
when erecting wall formwork, a very important point is the creation of openings. In the places of openings, a cut shield element is installed.

After pouring the concrete, it is necessary to wait for the concrete to gain at least 70% strength. After that, the structure can be disassembled.

So, metal formwork is a modern solution that is used in both professional and private construction. Its application allows you to get the highest quality result. However, assembling structures is not an easy task, which should not be undertaken without the appropriate knowledge and experience.

During installation, special attention is paid to the accuracy of the assembly, as well as the reliability of the fasteners. Competent adherence to the assembly technology will guarantee the high quality of the monolithic structure being erected.

Arrangement of the foundation implies the installation of a formwork structure. A concrete solution is poured into this form. As a rule, wood is used for the construction of formwork, but more and more often builders give preference to frames made of expanded polystyrene, which perform similar functions, but with a higher technical level. Metal formwork is also used, which perfectly justifies itself in certain cases.

Areas of use

The installation of metal formwork for pouring the foundation is an innovative solution that allows you to achieve high quality indicators. This equipment is used for the construction of objects and structures for various purposes - reinforced concrete foundations, walls, columns, ceilings and other elements of buildings under construction.

Advantages and disadvantages

Steel formwork, like other metal structures, has advantages in terms of strength and bearing capacity. If you install a non-removable type, then a long operating period should be added to the main advantages.

According to this criterion, a metal formwork structure is compared with a polystyrene system, and the performance indicators will be approximately the same.

The fundamental difference lies in the dimensions and shapes - metal sheets are thinner, do not take up much space, but polystyrene is distinguished by a variety of manufactured forms.

Considering the economic effect, we conclude that metal is somewhat more expensive than wood, but in relation to plastic it is cheaper.

True, the delivery of metal formwork to the construction site will take some time and will require the involvement of special lifting equipment. The same condition applies to the installation work on its installation.

The installation of an aluminum formwork system looks more simplified, but in this version there are restrictions on the choice of fastening and joining with the reinforcing frame. As a last resort, reinforcing rods are welded into the metal surface of the formwork, and in the case of aluminum panels, expensive welding will be required, which will entail additional costs.

Among the advantages should be added:

the strength and rigidity of metal structures that can withstand the pressure created by the concrete solution;
the smooth surface of the monolithic elements of the object, obtained after pouring into the steel formwork. Shields, by the way, are much easier to separate from concrete;
the possibility of multiple use of removable metal formwork - up to five hundred cycles.

The metal formwork panels are protected against corrosion.

Types of metal formwork

The manufacture of metal formwork implies the release of several types of structures, the choice of which depends on the design assignment and the upcoming construction volumes. In most cases, the three most popular options are used.

Beam-transom

An excellent solution for the construction of prefabricated monolithic or monolithic structures of floors, foundations, columns, load-bearing type walls.

Beam-transom technology allows you to fill complex structures with certain values of curvature of bends. The equipment is popular for the construction of objects with elements of architectural decorations.

The formwork is notable for its low weight, it is mounted quite simply, it is quickly disassembled. There is a possibility of repeated use without additional cleaning of the shields between cycles. The main advantage is that it can be used in combination with other formwork systems.

Large panel

The shields are large. The structure is prefabricated, reinforced with vertical and horizontal stiffeners.

The main task of the application is to form large and tall structures of the vertical type. Large-panel formwork is exposed for concreting the walls, because the structure is able to withstand the significant loading effects created by concrete. Using additional elements, it becomes possible to form a long and high structure.

The movable large-panel formwork is used by professional builders, because the installation and dismantling of the system requires the involvement of special equipment.

The basis of the set is made up of large shields connected to each other with special fasteners. During installation, jacks are used to help adjust the position of each shield.

Small-shield

This type of formwork enjoys a well-deserved popularity in both professional and private construction.

The formwork kit consists of:

shields in direct contact with concrete solution;
supporting elements fixing the shields in the required positions;
fastenings.

The small-panel formwork system allows casting structures of fifteen meters in height. It is often used when constructing a foundation, because after the concrete has hardened, the shields are easily removed and used in the next section.

One of the advantages of this formwork is its versatility. The system can be used not only for the construction of residential buildings, but also for the construction of outbuildings.

Separately, a high economic effect is noted - the formwork is used many times, fully recouping its own costs and helping to quickly start making a profit.

Specifications

In the manufacture of metal formwork, sheets are used, the thickness of which varies within 2 - 3 mm. Despite the significant cost of the material, its use provides certain advantages, which include:

the possibility of a device of any configuration for the foundation;
additional waterproofing;
system versatility;
creating smooth surfaces;
an excellent solution for monolithic and tape bases;
ease of facing;
maximum stiffness indicator.

The steel used for the manufacture of formwork is distinguished by certain technical indicators:

shield height - from 0.6 to 3 m;
width - 0.25 - 1.2 m;
the frame is used up to 300 times, formwork panels - up to 80;
deflection rate - up to 1/400 span;
maximum concrete mix pressure - 75 - 80 kPa.

The panel frame is represented by a closed contour from a rectangular or edge profile. When creating wood-metal formwork, plywood sheet material is used, the thickness of which reaches two centimeters.

Mounting

You can assemble the metal formwork yourself. Installation is carried out with separate panels or pre-assembled panels of five to six panels.

The formwork elements are connected with tightening screws threaded into the tapered holes of the frames. Before connecting, the screw is best placed in a plastic tube to protect it from being flooded with mortar. The length of the tube is determined by the thickness of the structure under construction.

For the installation of the formwork in one tier using shields of 1.2 - 2.5 m in height, you will need a pair of tie elements. If it is planned to install a two-tier structure, then three screeds are required for each shield. Unused technological holes are closed with plastic plugs.

The connection of adjacent panel board elements is performed with locks, the number of which depends on the height of the tier and the location of the joints to the corner sections. For fastening the outer shield, they do not use locks, but pins. All horizontal elements are fastened with screw ties.

To connect the addons with the main formwork elements, a pair of wedge locks are installed. If the height of the structure exceeds 2.5 m, the connection is made by a wedge device and a leveling beam with a pivot. The number of connecting elements is determined by the width of the expansion boards.

Quite often, the panels of the wall structure are connected by inserts. If their size is less than 0.2 m, then the fastening is performed with a universal lock. The installation of inserts longer than this length implies the use of locks and beams for alignment.

Additional inserts guarantee the maximum tensile strength of the system.

First of all, external shields are installed, which are fixed with struts. Then the shields of the inner row are attached.

Correct installation guarantees:

reliability of fastening of embedded parts;
the density of joining of structural elements with the concrete surface and additional elements;
the strength of fixing the brace elements and brackets;
compliance with horizontal and vertical axes.

In construction, there are two main types of formwork that exist and are used: this is the so-called small-panel formwork of a collapsible type, reusable and single use. Reusable formwork is used in the construction of monolithic structures of various configurations and purposes, often they are monolithic bearing columns and floors.

Photo

With your own hands

Metal formwork and its features

Unified collapsible formwork is a metal formwork or a combination of metal and wood. The metal formwork is made of corners, channels and metal sheets 2 mm thick. This formwork design is more durable, and therefore practical, metal formwork can be reused almost 200 times. The design of metal formwork allows, if it is a unified collapsible formwork, to assemble and mount large-size formwork panels. The area of these panels can be up to 35 square meters. The use of unified formwork allows you to assemble and erect rigid formwork blocks, reinforcement-formwork blocks using a crane. In addition to the unified collapsible formwork, there is another form of metal formwork - the block form.

Block-form is a steel form, all-removable and rigid, intended for concreting foundations of the same type. Installation of formwork block-form by crane. The block-shaped metal formwork of the foundation is installed on the concrete preparation. It is economical to use this form of metal foundation formwork for a large number of foundations of the same type. The block-form metal formwork can have a transformed metal formwork structure, then it can be used for several standard sizes of the foundation. Sliding type metal formwork is used for concreting tall structures with a compact perimeter and a plan shape that does not change in height. In the construction of pipes, stiffening cores of residential buildings, silo cans on an elevator, residential buildings with a high number of storeys, sliding metal formwork is used.

How to make metal formwork? The formwork structure consists of formwork panels, which are suspended from a U-shaped jack frame, jacks and a working platform, suspended scaffolds and oil pipelines. The height of the metal formwork at this moment is usually 1100 - 1200 mm. The formwork structure encompasses the structure to be concreted along the outer and inner contours. How to make a formwork if the cross-section is round? Such a metal formwork consists of two concentrically located walls, which are attached to the inner and outer circles. To facilitate lifting, the metal formwork is tapering. The construction of this type of formwork is all-metal, due to this, it is more rigid. Such metal formwork is used many times, i.e. inventory. Formwork is erected using jacks, they are supported by jack rods installed inside the formwork of the structure being erected. The jacks rise along the rods and pull the formwork with them. In a metal formwork of the block-form type, the working flooring is wooden, it is laid on metal girders (lightweight) and fixed to the racks of the U-shaped frames, and the scaffold is also attached here for other work. The climbing structure of the metal formwork is used to concrete high-rise structures in the form of a cone or rectangular cross-section of various sizes. Such metal formwork is made of steel sheets and corners, assembled in the form of panels. The structure of metal formwork for the construction of reinforced concrete pipes and other conical structures consists of two conical shells. They are suspended from radial guides, which are attached to an annular frame hinged to a mine hoist. The outer shell consists of trapezoidal panels that taper the shape. The panels are rigidly fastened along the top using a special overlay, and between themselves along the side ends using bolted connections. The panels of the inner shell are half the height and are hung in two tiers. The metal formwork is rearranged to a higher tier after reaching the required concrete strength in the lower tier, concreting is performed in tiers.

Specifications

Types of formwork cladding

Formwork-facing is a form assembled from reinforced concrete, reinforced cement slabs; steel or asbestos-cement sheets that are part of the structure and work with it as a whole.

Formwork cladding performs two functions: formwork during concreting and protective, or decorative, cladding. To increase the durability of reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to ensure the best adhesion between the formwork-facing and the concrete of the massif.

Formwork-facing is produced at the enterprises of the construction industry and installed with the help of cranes in concreting blocks. This eliminates time-consuming formwork removal operations.

Reinforced concrete formwork cladding is used for massive monolithic structures (columnar and strip foundations, walls with a thickness of more than 0.5 mg of sinkholes and caissons, supports for bridges and viaducts, grillages, etc.). Formwork-facing is also widely used for massive foundations for technological equipment, in particular rolling mills, heavy presses, hammers, etc.

Reinforced concrete formwork cladding. In industrial construction, formwork-facing is used in the form of flat and ribbed reinforced concrete slabs. The width of flat formwork slabs is 1 m with a thickness of 5-6 cm. Their length is taken depending on the size of the structures, but not more than 4 m. release loops

Ribbed formwork plates (3-1, g) have a width of 0.6 or 1.2 m and a length of up to 6 m.In addition to a rough active surface, for better adhesion in the ribs, through holes with a diameter of 2.5-3 cm are arranged with a step of 20-25 cm. When placing concrete, the cement mortar, falling into these holes, forms a kind of anchoring dowels, which contributes to the reliable adhesion of the formwork-facing with the concrete of the massif,

In hydrotechnical construction, reinforced concrete formwork-facing is used from flat slabs with a maximum size of "2.5X5.0 m and a thickness of 8 cm. Such slabs have a rough active surface and anchoring loop-outlets that serve to fasten the formwork-facing.

The shuttering boards are transported and stored in special containers in the "edge-on" position (3-2). Formwork-facing is installed in concreting blocks with cranes. In this case, slabs with mounting loops are slinging for them (3-3, a). Mounting loops then have to be cut or bent.

In weakly reinforced massifs and thin walls, the formwork slabs are fixed using inventory metal or wooden girders, which are removed after concreting (.3-7). After dismantling the girders, the protruding ends of the strands are cut flush with the outer surface of the formwork, and the seams between the slabs are sealed with cement mortar.

Formwork-facing made of ribbed reinforced concrete slabs is used for very massive structures (for example, for foundations for rolling equipment). Such slabs are fastened to reinforced concrete racks by welding or using screw clamps (3-8).

Reinforced cement and glass-cement formwork-facing. Armocement is a high-strength, fine-grained concrete, dispersedly reinforced with steel woven mesh.

Reinforced cement formwork slabs have a width of 2.5-3.5 cm, a width of 1 m and a maximum length of 3.5 tons. Their width is determined by the size of standard woven nets, and their length is determined by the size of the surface to be covered. The slabs have a finely roughened active surface, and in some cases also anchoring loops.

Reinforced-cement formwork-facing is used for concreting powerful columns and pylons, foundations for industrial buildings and equipment, tunnels, sinkholes, etc. pillar.

For the manufacture of reinforced cement formwork plates, fine-grained (sandy) concrete of grade 300 is used on Portland cement of grade 500. The plates are reinforced with two woven nets with cells of 8-10 mm and a wire diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm. Reinforcement can be applied in the form of a combined armored package, consisting of two woven meshes sandwiched between the rods of a welded mesh with a diameter of 6-8 mm.

Reinforced-cement formwork, as well as reinforced concrete, is transported and stored in the “edge-on” position in special containers (see 3-2). Mount it with cranes. Reinforced cement slabs are fastened in the same way as reinforced concrete. However, due to their lower thickness and rigidity, the step between the fasteners is reduced to 0.5-0.7 m. For the same reason, such formwork is usually fastened using inventory girders (3-9). Glass-cement formwork-facing is in the form of slabs 12-20 mm thick, up to 1.2 m wide and up to 2.5 m long. For the manufacture of such formwork, low-base cements, in particular alumina, are used. Plates are reinforced with several layers of fiberglass or chopped fiberglass. Glass “cement slabs” can be sawn with electric saws and holes can be drilled into them. Due to the increased water resistance of glass cement, the formwork-facing serves as a reliable waterproofing of underground structures.

Metal formwork cladding. Reinforced concrete structures are lined with steel sheets in particularly severe operating conditions. Steel cladding can serve as a reliable waterproofing, protect concrete from abrasion and from radioactive radiation.

Metallic formwork-facing is installed, as a rule, on one side of a reinforced concrete structure. For its manufacture, steel sheets with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm are used, from which enlarged panels are assembled with an area of up to 50 m2. The stiffness of the panels is ensured by welded channels, which remain in the concrete and ensure the connection of the cladding to the concrete. For the same purpose, "mustaches" of round steel with a diameter of 12-16 mm are welded to the sheets.

All welds must be watertight; they are subjected to density tests. The panels are mounted in the design position with cranes; fasten them using electric welding.

Mesh formwork. For concreting structures and structures, the side surfaces of which may deviate somewhat from the plane, mesh formwork is used. It is used for concreting the walls of basements, sinkholes, tunnels, foundation glasses, etc.

As a formwork, steel woven nets with cells from 5x5 to 12x12 mm and a wire diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm can be used. Mesh formwork can be removable and non-removable. Removable mesh formwork (3-10) is made of mesh with a mesh of 10X10 or 12X12 mm. To exclude the leakage of cement laitance from the concrete, a layer of roofing tar or roofing material is laid in front of the mesh on the concrete side, which is pressed to the mesh with reinforcing pressure rods on twists of knitting wire. Separate mesh panels are sewn together with knitting wire.

The mesh formwork is fastened using vertical "" rods with a diameter of 22-25 mm, which are connected by short ones by welding. The pressure of the concrete mixture on the mesh formwork is perceived by the external vertical rods, through the short ones it is transmitted to the elements of the reinforcing cage. After concreting and curing, the mesh is removed for reuse.

Fixed mesh formwork is made of mesh with smaller cells (5x5 or 8x8 mm) (3-11). The mesh, sewn from individual panels, is attached to the reinforcement frame using twists and vertical rods with a diameter of 22-25 mm. To reduce the leakage of cement laitance, the slump of the concrete mix cone is taken from 0 to 3 "cm. In the process of vibration compaction, the cement laitance fills the mesh cells, which turns out to be in the concrete. After concreting, only the vertical fastening rods are removed, the mesh remains in the concrete.

In some cases, mesh formwork is more economical than inventory formwork. It is also used where it is difficult to remove the formwork (for example, to form construction joints in walls and thick slabs)

Firms

Inventory metal climbing formwork

Inventory metal climbing formwork is used for the construction of high-rise reinforced concrete structures of a conical shape with a variable section of walls in height. In this formwork, cylindrical reinforced concrete high-rise structures can also be erected. The lifting of this formwork - its outer panels - is carried out every 2.5 m in height using a special lifting head supported by a mine hoist, or worm hoists fixed in the nodes of the shaft hoist struts located inside the structure under construction. The panels of the internal formwork are disassembled every 1.25 m in height and installed for concreting the overlying tier of the structure.

Inventory metal collapsible (panel) formwork is used for the construction of high-rise reinforced concrete structures of various shapes - hyperbolic, conical, biconical, cylindrical, polygonal, etc. - with a constant and variable section of walls in height. The panels of the internal and external formwork are disassembled every 1 m in height and installed for concreting the overlying sections. Relocation of formwork panels is carried out from internal steel tubular scaffolding, external suspended scaffolding and from the unit's suspended cradles.

Instructions

Formwork types

The most common are wooden formwork, plywood formwork, metal formwork: steel formwork or aluminum formwork, reinforced concrete formwork, plastic formwork, combined formwork and some others. We would like to offer you plastic formwork. Before stating the advantages of this type of formwork, consider the disadvantages of others. These do not include formwork Ukraine or Epic Eco.

Wooden formwork

Wooden formwork is made of softwood. This formwork has a low thermal conductivity, which is a positive quality in the conditions of Siberia and the North of Russia, but not the formwork Ukraine. For our region, this factor is not significant. Its main disadvantages are low strength and shape change when exposed to moisture. Also, wooden formwork is subject to deformation during transportation and shrinkage. As a result, warping, opening of the seams between the boards, cracking appears, which Epic Eco formwork is not subject to.

Plywood formwork

Plywood formwork belongs to the high-turnover types of formwork, but not as durable as Epic Eco. To achieve this effect, this formwork must be water resistant. The best solution is film faced plywood. Film faced plywood sheets are used only for cladding. The supporting frame is made of metal or wood. Plywood formwork has low thermal conductivity, low weight. This formwork is relatively inexpensive. Its main disadvantages are the hygroscopicity of the perimeter of the sheets, low mechanical strength of the laminate. High cost as a percentage of the cost of restoration work. What the formwork of Ukraine or Epic Eco is not subject to.

Metal formwork

Metal steel formwork is more expensive than wood, which is the main disadvantage. However, when using it, there are practically no deformations regardless of the weather conditions in which the structures are being erected. The disadvantages include high thermal conductivity. Another disadvantage is the need to use a crane during erection and stripping. The Epic Eco formwork does not require a crane when erecting.

Metal aluminum formwork is much lighter than steel. Namely, three times, while maintaining the same characteristics. This allows the formwork and formwork to be erected manually, without the use of lifting equipment. Disadvantages - high cost, concrete adheres strongly to the aluminum formwork, which requires constant cleaning costs. When connected to the rest of the formwork elements, galvanic couples are generated, which leads to the destruction of aluminum components. Epic Eco formwork does not form galvanic couples. If you type Ukraine formwork in the search engine, then the best choice is Epic Eco formwork.

Reinforced concrete formwork

The assembly of the formwork can be carried out without the use of special tools, by workers without prior training except for passing the safety exam. What is the formwork made of? - Made of polypropylene and fiberglass, which gives the structure strength, water resistance, wear resistance.

High quality and dimensional accuracy of elements
- The strength of the plastic formwork. From sixty to twelve kN per square meter.
- High tightness of the butt gap allows not even water to pass through.
- The weight of the beam is seven and a half kilograms. Size 1.4 meters.
- The strength of the structure allows you to fill the floor up to seventy centimeters.
- High speed of assembly and stripping.
- High degree of standardization.
- The cost of filling the floor is reduced by fifty percent due to the durability.
- Operating temperature of the formwork from minus thirty degrees to plus sixty.

Equipment

The advantages of plastic formwork

The best that exists at the moment from plastic formwork, so that the ratio of price and quality is optimal, is the production of Epic Eco. The products of this company are of European quality - this is the number one formwork Ukraine! The main office is located in Slovenia. If the metal formwork, despite its advantages, involves up to 50 revolutions, then the plastic formwork up to 500 times. This is a construction set for builders. In other words, a prefabricated modular structure of plastic, fiberglass-reinforced shields of seven different standard sizes, plastic fasteners and a plastic beam.

The assembly of Epic Eco formwork can be performed without the use of special tools, by workers without prior training except for passing the safety exam. What is Epic Eco formwork made of? - Made of polypropylene and fiberglass, which gives the structure strength, water resistance, wear resistance.

What are the advantages of Epic Eco plastic formwork?
- Relatively low price. One square meter from two hundred euros.
- Not subject to corrosion, warping, swelling. Moisture resistant.
- Lightweight. One square meter weighs no more than twenty-two kilograms.
- Formwork elements can be used for both horizontal and vertical surfaces.
- No crane is required to erect the formwork.
“Four builders will assemble one hundred square meters of formwork in one and a half to two hours.
- Convenience of transportation due to low weight. One hundred square meters weighs a little over two tons.
- You can use shields up to five hundred times.

Reusable formwork is traditionally made of steel or aluminum panels. Formwork metal reusable , in comparison with aluminum, is subject to corrosion, but it is more resistant to mechanical damage. Monolithic structures allow building buildings in a shorter time, their strength characteristics are much higher than, say, panel or brick structures. The increased strength characteristics of monolithic structures allow constructions to be made less voluminous, which makes it possible to reduce the consumption of concrete. All types of formwork do not require any special conditions for storage and transportation, all these operations can be carried out in the open air and under any weather conditions.

Reusable formwork is an advanced technology in the construction of not only apartment buildings and public buildings, but also in the construction of private facilities, swimming pools and other structures. On order, it is possible to manufacture formwork of any design, with any dimensions, which allows you to build any object at the request of the customer. The process of assembling and disassembling the formwork does not take much time and does not require high qualifications and skills from the working personnel, which makes it possible to attract cheaper labor during the construction process.

The installation of the formwork is, perhaps, the most crucial stage in the process of manufacturing a reinforced concrete bath. It is on the quality of the installation and fastening of the formwork that the concrete pouring will go. The most common defects in poor formwork: pressure bulging of the concrete mass, collapse of walls, violation of the geometry of the pool.

We use 21 mm plywood as formwork. Of course, the use of reusable metal formwork will simplify the formwork installation procedure, but since almost every pool has its own unique shape, different bottom profile and depth, rounding, it is often easier to do with a one-time formwork.

A few tips from experience
1. Do not install the embedded elements before pouring the concrete. It is better to leave the niches and put them out after removing the formwork and leveling the walls.
2. Do not spare spacers and ties. It is better to install them every 50 cm.
3. It is possible to use the wall of the house to which the pool adjoins as an external formwork, only through the laid divider. Styrofoam with a thickness of 5 cm is enough.

Foundations and its structure

The foundation is the main bearing part, foundation, support of any building, any structure. It is necessary to start laying the foundation after the location of the house has been chosen, its project, appearance, internal distribution to premises, type of foundation and materials have been approved. The operational qualities of the building, its capital and durability largely depend on the reliable operation of the foundations. The cost of building foundations is 15-20% of the value of the house.

It is necessary to start with engineering and geological surveys at the place where the building will stand, since many factors affect the choice of the foundation, including the condition and type of soil in the allotted area, the level of freezing, the presence of groundwater, the structure of the building itself, the load on the foundation, use of basements, etc.

According to their design (and, accordingly, the method of pressure on the ground), foundations are divided into strip, slab, columnar and pile foundations.

Strip foundations

Strip foundations are the most fashionable among builders. Today they are used in the construction of houses of any type, including those with heavy walls, basements and basements. Strip foundations are laid in a solid line under all external and internal capital walls. Actually, the strip foundation itself is a wall - high or not very (depending on the depth of the foundation). For the device of the strip foundation, a pit is first dug. Inside it, the foundation line is marked. Formwork is installed along this line - hollow temporary walls for pouring concrete. Reusable metal formwork is commonly used to obtain a neat foundation.

After the formwork is mounted, reinforcing metal reinforcement is placed in it, and then poured with concrete. The remaining voids between the walls of the constructed foundation are filled with the same soil that was removed when digging the foundation pit. Then the soil is rammed, and, if necessary, a concrete basement or basement floor is arranged on it. The walls of the foundation in this case become the walls of the basement or basement. Horizontal ceilings are installed on the walls of the foundation - solid or in the form of beams, after which they begin to erect the walls of the house.

Prefabricated strip foundations consist of individual blocks, they are made in factories of building structures. They are installed in the pit using a crane, and then connected to each other with cement mortar.

In heaving and deeply freezing soils, shallow strip foundations are used. For their construction, they do not dig pits - they manage with shallow trenches. Moreover, such strip foundations are made not only of concrete (monolithic or prefabricated), but also - as thousands of years ago! - made of stone or brick. This is especially practiced in the construction of lightweight panel board and chopped wooden houses. Moreover, it is brick that turns out to be the least preferable, since it actively absorbs water and begins to deteriorate quickly.

Slab foundations

Foundations Slab foundations are also quite popular and widespread. Thanks to the rigid structure - a monolithic slab, made under the entire area of the building, they are not afraid of any movement of the soil: the slab moves with it, protecting it from destruction of the structure of the house. A solid slab of such foundations is made of reinforced concrete and has rigid reinforcement along the entire load-bearing plane. This further increases their resistance to loads arising from freezing, thawing and soil subsidence.

Slab foundations are built mainly on problem soils - heaving and subsiding. Their use is especially justified on moist soils with a high level of groundwater standing. Slab foundations are ideal for waterproofing basements and basements.

To build a slab foundation, a pit is first dug, then it is tamped down and a pillow is made at the bottom of a layer of sand and a layer of gravel. A waterproofing material is laid on top of them. A thin layer of concrete is poured over the waterproofing. And then the reinforcement is laid and concrete solution is pumped into the pit. On the slab constructed in this way, a strip monolithic foundation is arranged under the load-bearing walls of the house. In the future, the foundation slab can become the floor of the basement floor.

Slab foundations are quite expensive due to the high costs of excavation, concrete and metal reinforcement. Therefore, to save money, designers sometimes propose to do with a monolithic strip foundation, and make the floor in the basement or basement separately. Unfortunately, this design does not provide reliable waterproofing, and is more susceptible to subsidence. A monolithic slab is preferable in many cases.

Columnar foundations

Foundations Columnar foundations are placed under wooden houses with light walls and without basements - chopped, frame, panel board. Pillars are erected at all corners and at the intersection of the walls. The pillars can be made of various materials - concrete, natural stone, brick. The distance between the posts usually does not exceed 2.5-3.0 m. To create a rigid, stable structure, strapping beams (metal or wooden) are laid on the top of the posts. The use of such foundations on sites with a height difference is impossible: there is a danger of their overturning due to lateral soil pressure.

To insulate the underground space and protect against the ingress of snow, moisture and dust between the poles, a so-called zabirka is made - a wall connecting them. For this, brick, concrete or rubble masonry with a thickness of 10-20 cm is used. that the zabirka needs ventilation holes on each side of the house. They are closed for the winter.

Columnar foundations in terms of material consumption and labor costs are 1.5-2 times, and with a deep foundation, even 3-5 times more economical than tape foundations. Unfortunately, not all houses can be built on such simple and inexpensive foundations.

Pile foundations are used where the top layer of soil cannot withstand greater weight, and it is too expensive to remove it to denser layers and put a foundation on them - for the reason that they start too deep. They are also used at high groundwater levels and on quicksands. Pile foundations are typical, for example, in Venice and St. Petersburg. Piles are pillars with a sharpened bottom end. They are driven or driven into the ground. For obvious reasons, screw piles are more stable. They are like giant screws, but they are screwed in with the help of small-sized equipment. This technology contributes to the preservation of the pristine landscape and has a minimal man-made impact on the construction site and around it. Types: driven piles, pile piles, screw piles, shell piles, rammed piles. Passing through the weak layers of the soil, the pile rests on the harder ones and transfers the load from the building to them. The bearing capacity of a single pile is usually in the range of 2 to 5 tons, which makes it a suitable option for large-scale construction. To create a rigid structure, the tops of all piles are connected by beams. But sometimes the piles are not driven in or screwed in, but are made directly in the ground. In this case, a well is drilled, a reinforcing cage or hollow pipes are inserted into it, after which the well is poured with concrete. Then the concrete is compacted by compaction or vibration. How do such piles differ from the pillars that form the foundations.

Formwork types and their application

Wooden formwork

Wooden formwork elements absorb moisture from the concrete. At the same time, the shape changes, the formwork bends. The formwork is designed for a specific object, which does not allow it to be reused. Formwork Ukraine or Epic Eco allows you to use it repeatedly.

Plywood formwork

Plywood formwork belongs to the high-turnover types of formwork, but not as durable as Epic Eco. To achieve this effect, this formwork must be water resistant. The best solution is film faced plywood. Film faced plywood sheets are used only for cladding. The supporting frame is made of metal or wood. Plywood formwork has low thermal conductivity, low weight. This formwork is relatively inexpensive. Its main disadvantages are the hygroscopicity of the perimeter of the sheets, low mechanical strength of the laminate. High cost as a percentage of the cost of restoration work.

Metal formwork

Reinforced concrete formwork

Reinforced concrete formwork in the process of concreting is a formwork, and later this formwork remains as a separate element of the structure. The disadvantages include the difficulty of transportation and installation. For the construction of buildings, reinforced concrete formwork is practically not used.

The content of the article

Formwork is called a temporary form-building structure, which is designed to produce reinforced concrete and concrete elements. Various materials are used for the manufacture of formwork.

Permanent formwork is made of expanded polystyrene and reinforced concrete slabs; metal, wood, combined formwork made of synthetic and rubberized materials is removed after the concrete has reached the required strength.

General requirements for formwork

The timing and quality of the facilities being built largely depend on the formwork used. For the manufacture of foundations, especially for buildings with a large number of corners, it is advisable to use inventory formwork - reusable structures that allow a large number of installation options.

Inventory formwork systems must fully comply with the requirements for them:

have high structural strength and reliability;
ensure the correctness and invariability of the shape and location of the structure;
depending on the intended purpose, the formwork must have the necessary resistance to deflections and permissible loads;
versatility - this indicator characterizes the possibility of using one type of formwork system for the construction of the foundation, walls, ceilings, arched structures;
exact adherence to geometric parameters during manufacturing;
long service life.

The most reliable option is metal formwork GOST 23478... In the technology of monolithic construction, it is used in the construction of foundations, the construction of other reinforced concrete and concrete structures, and the laying of sidewalks. The effectiveness of the formwork system is assessed by the possibility of operational modification in accordance with the object under construction, the simplicity and speed of installation.

Metal formwork production

Metal formwork and connecting elements to it are produced in workshops for the manufacture of metal structures. The blanks of the formwork parts are processed with a high class of accuracy.

Inventory metal formwork panels can have deviations in linear dimensions of no more than 2 mm per linear meter, and in the arrangement of holes for connecting parts - 0.5 mm.

The permissible deviations in the elements of various types of formwork systems are determined on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with the project's formwork instructions.

After the production of individual elements, the control assembly of the metal formwork is carried out. Parts that will come into contact with the concrete mix are coated with lubricants, and the rest of the surfaces are painted.

All elements of the formwork system are subject to mandatory marking.

Firms-manufacturers of formwork systems pay a lot of attention to the development and production of connecting parts for metal formwork - anchor elements, cover plates, locks and others.

Prefabricated connection elements make it possible to carry out a strong and reliable connection of formwork elements, increase the speed of installation and the quality of the resulting concrete surface.

The connections of the elements are made in such a way that the frame of the formwork system can withstand significant loads in tension, compression and bending.

The metal foundation formwork with fastening system can be assembled by hand using the simplest tools. Its advantage is also the minimum number of connecting elements required to give the structure the required rigidity.

Removable metal formwork: materials for its manufacture

There are three most common options for metal formwork systems:

volume-block,
collapsible and adjustable,
sliding.

The most popular materials are steel and aluminum.

For supporting elements of metal formwork, galvanized or powder-coated steel is used.

The purpose of the coating is not only to protect formwork elements from corrosion, but also to ensure their quick cleaning after use.

The steel is characterized by:

high bearing capacity,
increased resistance to deformation.

However, the significant weight and characteristics of this material in terms of thermal conductivity somewhat narrow the scope of such formwork.

Aluminum is lightweight and resistant to corrosive environments. To obtain durable formwork systems, an aluminum-silicon alloy is used. Aluminum alloys are highly resistant to corrosion, do not require additional surface treatment by painting or other methods.

The aluminum formwork is lightweight, which is three times less than the weight of the steel structure. This quality significantly reduces the money and labor costs for transportation and installation of the formwork. The installation of an aluminum structure can be carried out without the use of a crane. The introduction of the extrusion method for the manufacture of aluminum formwork made it possible to increase its rigidity.

Advantages and disadvantages of metal formwork for foundation construction

The main advantages of metal formwork systems are:

rigidity, resistance to deformation;
corrosion resistance;
multiple turnover of metal formwork – at least 50 times;
ease of stripping while observing the lubrication regime of the working surfaces;
high quality of the resulting surface.

Metal formwork, the price of which is significantly higher than the cost of a plywood or wooden formwork structure, is most often used in industrial construction.

The disadvantages of steel formwork are its high thermal conductivity and significant specific gravity. The disadvantage of the aluminum formwork system is the complexity of its repair due to the need to use argon welding.

To increase the accuracy of formwork with minimal labor costs, templates, conductors and other special devices are used.

Formwork is subdivided into:

removable;
non-removable.

Permanent formwork is constructed in combination with thermal insulation material. In most cases, this structure is a hollow block with grooves that connect adjacent elements. The main area of use for non-removable products is wall construction.

Construction characteristics

To create metal formwork, sheets with a thickness of 1-2 mm are used. Despite the high cost, the use of this material has its advantages. These include:

foundation device of any configuration;
additional waterproofing;
versatility;
creating a completely smooth surface;
ideal for monolithic and strip foundations (due to reinforcement welded to the formwork);
simplicity of cladding (with a significant elevation of the base of the house above the ground);
maximum rigidity;
ease of installation work.

Steel formwork has the following technical characteristics:

shield height - 0.6-3 m;
their width is 0.25-1.2 m;
frame turnover - up to 300 cycles, deck turnover - up to 80 cycles;
deflection - no more than 1/400 span;
concrete pressure - 75-80 kPa.

The frame made of shields is a closed loop, for the manufacture of which 2 types of profiles are used: rectangular (for stiffening ribs) and edge (located along the perimeter of the shields). To create the deck, plywood is used, which has a thickness of up to 2 cm.

Preparatory work

When laying the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil. For this reason, the steel formwork must be laid to a depth of at least 0.7-0.8 m.

For high-quality work, you will need the following materials and tools:

ready-made shields;
wooden pegs;
dye;
hammer;
brush;
spanners;
screwdriver;
pliers;
assembly grip;
struts;
leveling beams;
building level;
plumb line;
roulette;
wire;
special locks (elongated and wedge);
brackets;
kingpin;
tie screws;
plastic tubes and cones;
nuts and washers;
traffic jams.

At the preliminary stage, the surface is marked. The correct alignment of the foundation axes is checked with a tensioned wire. And formwork - using plumb lines, which are lowered from the wire.

The following requirements are imposed on the place of installation work:

it must be free of debris and dirt;
the surface is leveled with a cut of protruding tubercles;
installation of shields is carried out without adding earth;
supporting elements of the structure are installed only on a fixed base (without seasonal ground movements).

The part of the formwork that will come into contact with the concrete surface is coated with a special grease. This improves the adhesion properties of the coating and provides reliable protection of the formwork from environmental influences (corrosion, frost).

Stages of installation work

Selling price: from 4200 rubles. / m2

Rent price: from 15 rubles. / 1 m2 per day

In order to buy metal formwork for the foundation, call us by phone, or send a request by mail. Our experts will help you with ordering.

Delivery across Russia and the CIS.

In order to carry out work on the rapid construction of structures, it is necessary to involve new methods and technologies. Relatively recently, small-panel formwork began to appear on the domestic market, which is a support lightweight frame for monolithic architectural objects. Due to the small area of the load-bearing panels, the structure can be assembled manually without involving expensive trucks.

Small-panel formwork is equipped with jack frames and jack-stands with the help of which the panels are raised. If the consumer needs formwork with individual dimensions, then you can place an order. With the help of this type of formwork, not only time costs, but also material costs will be significantly reduced.

Correct installation of the formwork requires compliance with some rules, namely:

Leveling the ground - the formwork installed on a flat surface will prevent the flow of cement laitance.
To install shields, boards or sheets around the entire perimeter, pull the rope, which will act as a level.
The formwork must be higher than the foundation height. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the edge of the formwork is located in the same horizontal plane - this will allow filling the same level.

Formwork material

The demountable metal formwork includes panel board elements and fasteners. The collection of such formwork is quite simple and quick - it can be compared to the collection of a children's designer. The connection of the shields to each other occurs due to special fasteners and they can be positioned relative to the plane both vertically and horizontally. The advantages of such formwork are ideally smooth and even walls, but there is also a disadvantage - the high price.

Having determined that the future formwork structure will be made of metal, which, moreover, should be easily assembled and disassembled. I must say that such a collapsible formwork design puts forward a number of requirements for the material from which it is made - it must be distinguished by indispensable rigidity and, of course, durability. Such a metal material must meet the following requirements:

The sheet metal thickness should be about 2mm. To complete the foundation, formwork made of panels with dimensions of 2000x500mm will be especially convenient. Also, shields with dimensions of 1.0-1.5 m may be required in the work.
For the manufacture of the formwork frame, a profile pipe is required.
To make stops that will set the thickness of the foundation, you will need to take a pipe with a diameter of ½ inch.
The reliability and strength of the formwork is assigned to the bolts and studs with washers and nuts.

Distribution of the standard

Formwork for the foundation, made of metal, is intended for the purpose of erecting monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The GOST 23478-79 standard applies to structures that consist of several supporting and shaping elements capable of supporting the design dimensions. This standard does not apply to formwork for a single use in the creation of unique and monolithic structures, as well as special formwork used as an additional element.

Price

Panel formwork

Name	The size			Price
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,2	NS	3	5451
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,25	NS	3	5451
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,3	NS	3	5600,5
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,4	NS	3	6750,5
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,45	NS	3	6911,5
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,5	NS	3	7291
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,55	NS	3	7452
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,6	NS	3	7728
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,65	NS	3	8119
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,7	NS	3	8268,5
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,75	NS	3	8584,2
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,8	NS	3	8629,8
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,85	NS	3	9142,8
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,9	NS	3	9234
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	0,95	NS	3	9690
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	1	NS	3	9758,4
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	1,1	NS	3	9963,6
Steel Shield Alpha-Monolith	1,2	NS	3	10807,2

Slab formwork

Building formwork is an auxiliary structure used in the monolithic construction of architectural structures to hold building mixtures in a given geometric shape until they are sufficiently solidified.

A formwork system is a set of structural elements (formwork panels, brackets, special locks, shelves, etc.) sufficient for carrying out work on the monolithic construction of a building.

Construction formwork can be removable and non-removable.

The removable formwork keeps the mortar in the required form until it gains sufficient strength to dismantle the formwork. After the building mixture is sufficiently strong, the formwork is dismantled and can be used on a new construction site or on a new facility. The removable construction formwork is reusable.

Fixed formwork also serves to keep the concrete mixture in a given shape, but is not dismantled after it has solidified. Permanent formwork is one-time and after pouring concrete remains as a constituent element of the floors.

Materials (edit)

Traditionally, for many centuries, construction formwork has been made from wood. The easy-to-handle material was mainly used as formwork for foundations. Today, wooden formwork is used mainly in private small-scale construction and is not used in the construction of large facilities. Significant disadvantages of timber formwork are low bearing capacity and the inability to reuse it.

Metal formwork is widely used in modern construction. Low-carbon steel (oxidized, galvanized, painted) or aluminum is used as a material for the production of formwork. Today, metal formwork is the most convenient and technologically advanced for the construction of any, even the largest and most complex architectural objects.

The expanded polystyrene formwork is non-removable. It is mainly used in private and small-scale construction. Fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene partially insulates and insulates the building. The disadvantages include the complexity of the work, the price and the impossibility of repeated use.

Design features of metal formwork

The main element of the metal formwork system is the shield, which consists of the frame and the deck itself.

The frame is a rectangular frame with internal ribs for increased rigidity. A sheet of construction film faced plywood is installed inside the frame. The ends of the plywood sheet are recessed in a metal profile, the gaps are sealed with a sealant (to prevent moisture ingress). The formwork panels are assembled into a single system using auxiliary equipment: to install the formwork in the vertical plane, support brackets (one- or two-level) are used, and the panels are pulled together with special locks (both for horizontal and vertical assembly). In the upper part of the formwork system, platforms are attached to the panels for the convenience and safety of personnel.

Versatility

Metal formwork can be used for the construction of architectural objects of any complexity, including multi-storey buildings. At the same time, the same sets of formwork equipment can be used to fill various surfaces (for example, both walls and columns).

Economic benefit

Metal formwork is more expensive than wooden formwork, but unlike it, it can be used many times (dozens of times before repair and hundreds of times over its entire service life), which significantly reduces the unit cost of construction work. Hundreds of objects can be erected using the same formwork kits. Moreover, today it is not at all necessary to buy construction formwork. Many companies specializing in the production of formwork systems offer their customers services such as formwork rental and leasing (finance lease). That is, even with a one-time construction, you can profitably use metal formwork.

Convenience of work and quality of poured surfaces

Thanks to the well thought-out design, the shuttering panels are easily, quickly and accurately assembled into a single system. At the same time, the concrete surfaces formed are of high quality - they are even, flat and smooth.

High strength characteristics

Metal formwork has high strength and rigidity, perfectly withstands the pressure of building mixtures. The load-bearing capacity of steel formwork is significantly higher than that of a similar wooden form, therefore, such a structure allows much larger volumes of concrete to be poured. Aluminum formwork in terms of rigidity and strength is slightly inferior to steel, but has a lower specific weight, which facilitates its transportation and installation work.

Maintainability

The main elements of the removable formwork are laminated sheet plywood and a metal frame. The weaker link is the plywood sheet. Usually, construction plywood can withstand several dozen pouring cycles, after which it is simply replaced with a new one. Small local defects on the surface of the plywood sheet can be repaired directly at the construction site (cutting the defect, filling, cleaning and painting).

The metal frame is also subject to repair. Minor damages can be repaired directly on site. If the frame is severely deformed, its individual elements are out of order, or the welds have burst, the formwork can be repaired in a workshop or a small machine shop.

A formwork system is a set of structural elements (formwork panels, brackets, special locks, shelves, etc.) sufficient for carrying out work on the monolithic construction of a building.

Construction formwork can be removable and non-removable.

Materials (edit)

Design features of metal formwork

The main element of the metal formwork system is the shield, which consists of the frame and the deck itself.

According to the purpose, the metal formwork is divided into the formwork of ceilings, walls, wells, foundations and columns. The slab formwork is used for the construction of interfloor horizontal slabs, the rest of the formwork is for vertical elements.

Formwork panels can be linear and angular (for internal and external corners).

Usually formwork panels are manufactured in several standard sizes, although many formwork manufacturers take on the production of batches of formwork equipment of non-standard shapes or sizes.

Steel formwork with steel deck. Using metal formwork

Construction characteristics

Preparatory work

Stages of installation work

Scope of formwork

Advantages and disadvantages of metal formwork

Types of metal formwork

Beam-transom

Large-panel

Small-shield

Installation and dismantling of metal formwork

Areas of use

Advantages and disadvantages

Types of metal formwork

Beam-transom

Large panel

Small-shield

Specifications

Mounting

Photo

With your own hands

Metal formwork and its features

Specifications

Types of formwork cladding

Firms

Inventory metal climbing formwork

Instructions

Formwork types

Equipment

The advantages of plastic formwork

Foundations and its structure

Formwork types and their application

General requirements for formwork

Metal formwork production

Removable metal formwork: materials for its manufacture

Advantages and disadvantages of metal formwork for foundation construction

Construction characteristics

Preparatory work

Stages of installation work

Formwork material

Distribution of the standard

Price

Materials (edit)

Design features of metal formwork

Versatility

Economic benefit

Convenience of work and quality of poured surfaces

High strength characteristics

Maintainability

Materials (edit)

Design features of metal formwork

Advantages of metal formwork

Versatility

Economic benefit

Convenience of work and quality of poured surfaces

High strength characteristics

Maintainability