For home craftsmen: how to sharpen a plane correctly. How to sharpen electric planer knives at home

The plane is one of the most important tools in the house, but working with it can turn into real flour if it is not sharpened correctly. Sharpening can be done by hand, you just need to be careful. Sharpening the plane correctly is not as difficult as it might seem, you just need to follow the instructions of the specialists. The planer blade should slide easily and a thin layer of wood is removed.

homemade planer knife sharpening machine

In order to get the desired result when working with a plane without unnecessary problems, it is necessary to sharpen it correctly.

For correct sharpening planer, you need the following tools:

grinding machine;
a rock.

In addition to such tools, you need to be patient, then you can sharpen the plane quickly and efficiently. And you need to immediately acquire quality tool, then there will be no big problems.

Planer sharpening process

Scheme of options for sharpening the plane's knife: a - on a donkey; b - on a grindstone; в - the position of the chamfer of the cutter blade when sharpening on a donkey; d - sharpening on a grinding stone disc using a thrust device.

If the plane has to work with hard wood, then you need to be prepared for the fact that his knife will quickly intercede as a result of interaction. The tip wears out very quickly, and dents and notches appear on it. It is especially problematic to work with such a tool if a nail is caught in the planed wood. If the barbs are large, it is best to use emery for sharpening. It should be borne in mind that it is best to sharpen the planer knife if the emery wheel has a large diameter. If the size of such a circle is smaller, then the notch is large. Then you still have to deal with the alignment of the pasque, since it should be perfectly flat.

It is very good to have 2 different circles for sharpening, one of them should have large grains, and the second should be fine-grained. It is very important to maintain the correct sharpening angle during this process. With this process, a special emphasis is needed, since only specialists with certain skills can simply hold the knife in their hands and sharpen it. The sharpening angle is very important and you should pay special attention to this.

Planer sharpening angle diagram.

It is not necessary to press the piece of iron strongly against the rotating circle, which many do to "tear off" a large layer of metal in a short time... Thus, the planer knife is quickly “burnt out” as a result of strong overheating, and the hardening of the metal is disrupted. In order to prevent all this, it is necessary to cool the metal from time to time, for which it is enough just to lower it into cold water... After dressing on the emery wheel is complete, the blade must be trimmed on a fine-grained block. At the end, you need to bring the blade to the end on a special grinding stone (if not, you can use a leather belt with polishing paste). You need to be prepared for the fact that such a process is laborious and lengthy. To avoid this, it is strongly recommended not to sharpen the plane after it has become very dull, but to do this from time to time, as soon as the wood cutting begins to be worse.

The angle of sharpening of the planer knife in most cases is 25-45 °, but it is impossible to say exactly what the angles should be.

It all depends on the density of the wood.

When sharpening, the knife blade should not be pulled out far from the block, otherwise too thick chips will be caught, which can lead to negative consequences. If the knife is set too little, it will remove very thin chips. This leads to the fact that it will take a lot of processing time. You cannot work with a plane with a beveled knife, since it will be impossible to make a flat surface (especially if it comes about the broad material).

Home craftsman: how to sharpen a plane correctly

What is manual sharpening for?
Sharpening and adjusting planer knives on the machine
Conclusion on the topic

In a workshop home master there are always many tools. How to sharpen a plane correctly so that it is always in working order? Every master with a hand or electric tool should learn to do this.

Joiner's tool for planing wood in the form of a wooden block with a wide blade.

What is manual sharpening for?

Sharpening and adjusting planer knives on the machine

Electric planer knives are consumables.

In most cases, when sharpening a plane, a special machine is used. It is quite easy to learn how to properly sharpen a tool on it - you just need to read the instructions. This equipment includes the Tormek machine (image 4). It is equipped powerful engine, has a low speed, can sharpen the tool for a fairly long period of time. High purity and precision of sharpening ensures water cooling of the knife edge.

The sharpened knives are clamped by holders that are attached to the support. When the machine is working, it is possible to adjust the pressure, the width of the chamfer, the speed of rotation of the wheel. The machine can sharpen tools from any metal. The very process of working on the machine is very simple, you just need to follow some safety rules.

A common type of hand planer is its electric version. His knives are consumables. There are usually 2 of them. They are attached to a special drum and remove upper layer wood on the harvest. These products are made from a special grade of tool steel. They lend themselves well to sharpening. For some models, they are made of tungsten carbide, which is particularly durable.

The angle of the planer should be sharpened at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

Knives also differ in their shapes. They are:

straight;
rounded;
curly.

Straight blades are used for narrow workpieces and quartering. Rounded blades cut wide surfaces. The curvatures at the ends make the transitions between the planer pass lines neat. Wavy curly blades are used to simulate various aged surfaces. Before starting work with the plane, it is necessary to check the correct installation of the knives. To do this, turn the planer upside down and look at the blade: its cutting edge should protrude 0.3-0.5 mm above the sole.

Planers Interskol and Baikal are of very good quality compared to other manufacturers.

Adjust the blades if necessary. For adjustment, loosen the fixing screws, then turn the adjusting screws different sides until the knives take their place. After that, it remains to fix them. New electric planers usually come pre-adjusted from the factory. They can be used immediately. But the settings need to be checked periodically, because they can change at the moment the blade meets a knot or a nail. After adjustment, the plane is checked on an unnecessary bar or board.

Baikal and Interskol planes have very reliable and durable blades. They are slightly wider than other models, their thickness is also slightly larger. They are sharpened in the usual way. The sharpening angle is approximately 30 degrees. In order for the planing quality to be high, the cutting edge must be free of any burrs. To do this, sharpened knives must be trimmed using a grinding wheel. The piece of iron is installed in the device and moved from one side to the other.

Planer knife sharpener

The pressure on the wheel or whetstone should be minimal so as not to overheat the part. Thanks to this manipulation, the knife will receive a special sharpness.

When fine-tuning with the use of various kinds of whetstones, water, oil, kerosene are used as a coolant. If the whetstone has a different structure on each side, then first use the coarse-grained side, then the fine-grained. The touchstone must be rinsed periodically so that it does not become greasy.

Conclusion on the topic

Every owner should be able to sharpen and adjust the knives of a manual or electric planer.

After installing them, you must immediately try the work of the plane. This method has been proven to extend the life of the cutting elements. To sharpen correctly, you need desire, an eye, skill and a steady hand. They must be supplemented with emery and grinding wheels, whetstones for finishing. It is good to get accessories for fastening knives and templates with different angles.

Angle of inclination of the cutting blade of the planer

The following information is provided to help the reader understand correctly the principles of sharpening a planer knife. The planer bed is made at different angles to provide a tilt angle suitable for various jobs. In practice, four corners are most commonly used: the normal angle, where the stock for the back of the knife makes an angle of 45 ° with the sole (this angle is mainly used for all planers for working with softwood); York angle - 50 °, used for working with mahogany and other hard wood; the average angle is 55 °, and the total angle of inclination is 60 °, which are used on profile planers, the first for working with soft wood, the second with harder grades.
In fig. 190 shows three angles: A - full tilt angle. B is a normal angle and C is a super-sharp angle. The angle at which the cutter is set is of great importance. This refers to the three corners. The angle between the cutter and the workpiece surface (1) should be as sharp as possible. It is clear that if the surfaces of the cutter and the workpiece were perfectly parallel, then the cutter would slide along the surface without undercutting it, except in cases where enormous pressure is exerted on it. This angle, which can be called the clearance angle, should be large enough only to ensure the contact of the cutter with the surface. The angle of the cutter itself (2). The sharper this angle, the better, if only the material of the cutter withstands the stress and cuts the surface without losing the shape of its edge. (3) The frontal or residual angle can be obtained by subtracting both angle (1) and (2) from 180 ° for flat surfaces.

How to sharpen the knives of the electric plane without removing?

It is important to implement for chip exit, however in the case of a planer this angle is reduced in order to prevent chip breaking before cutting it. For planing soft materials a small angle is better. This refers to a thin knife, side surface which is almost in contact with the material being trimmed; however, the more tenacious material will allow the cutter to be tested for strength, therefore the corresponding angle must be increased and a stronger cutter must be provided.
The more vertical the angle of the knife becomes, the less likely it is that wood will be pulled out during planing. However, at the same value of the angle, the edge of the knife is quickly grinded, as a result of which it will most likely begin to jump. In planers with serrated knives, the knives are set at right angles, and in the “old woman's tooth” plane - almost at right angles. When working with right angles of inclination of the knife, the tool scrapes the workpiece, and the sharper the angle of inclination, the more its cutting action becomes similar to planing. For this reason, a plane with a normal or over acute angle tilt the knife in to a greater extent capable of planing wood; but in this case a differently adjusted chipbreaker can also be used.

Figure: 190. - Three angles of inclination of the plane box
On profile planers with rounded blades, on pickers and side planers without a chipbreaker, the full blade angle is preferred. At the same time, when facing, the best results are obtained with tools with sharper angles of the knife.
When examining the side face of the plane's knife, it is clear that it is made of iron covered with steel. Steel welded onto iron, which is lighter in color and has a finer grain, acts as a cutting edge, and iron is needed to stiffen the knife so that it does not vibrate. The newly sharpened plane knife has three angles (Fig. 191): A - the angle of inclination of the knife, B - the angle of sharpening on the grinding wheel and C - the angle of the chamfer removed on the donkey. Angles A and B do not change, while angle C becomes more and more acute with subsequent sharpening on the donkey until it merges with the line of the sole of the planer, as shown in Fig. 192, when the knife stops cutting, a new sharpening is required. The angle of inclination of the knife A in the plane, as already shown, is different for different types plane.

Figure: 191.- Three angles of inclination of the planer knife

Figure: 192. - Plane knife before and after sharpening on the grinding wheel

The blade of the carpentry tool is designed for woodworking. It experiences greater loads for a long time than the blade of a conventional knife.

Therefore, it is given original form, requiring sharpening in special ways. A high-quality cutting edge available to the beginner is created by a simple sharpening cart.

In an article based on personal experience collected practical advice for a home craftsman how to make a simple device for sharpening a plane knife or other tool with an explanation of the operation technology with diagrams, pictures and a video.

The whole process of creating the cart took literally half an hour and took place in the kitchen. This technology is called knee or stool assembly. It does not require complex equipment, it allows you to make a device from the most available parts... At the same time, nothing prevents you from assembling such a tool not from wood, but from metal for professional work, using professional equipment.

Planer blade geometry, chisels, chisels

The optimal profile of the cutting edge of the carpentry tool has been formed empirically... It is slightly different from the usual section of a conventional knife, blade.

Although the blade also has a rectangular shape.

IN cross section the blade of the carpentry tool creates a one-sided profile.

We can say that the plane of the slopes is aligned with the feed, and the cutting edge is finally brought up due to the formation of micro feeds during polishing on the grinding belt.

The sharpening angle can vary from 25 to 45 degrees. It depends on the density of the wood being processed.

How to make a sharpener

First you need to prepare everything necessary equipment for assembly, and then proceed with installation.

Preparatory stage

I needed to find consumables and assemble a simple tool.

Necessary materials

I made the sharpening cart from a block of wood and two pieces of laminate. The wheels were a pair of bearings of the same size. Their inner diameter turned out to be slightly less than the thickness of the selected wood.

I chose two screws with countersunk heads and a pair of six-centimeter studs with a diameter of 4 mm with ready-made shaped nuts for fastening parts. Thicker structures can also be used.

Instruments

An ordinary one is needed for drilling several holes. In addition to it, you will need:

tape measure, ruler or;
marking pencil;
sharp knife for woodwork;
hacksaw;
chisel;
a hammer;
knife from a planer.

Manufacturing process

Creating a cart body

I drew a center line on a piece of laminate with a pencil. On it I marked two points in width slightly larger than that of the plane's knife.

Drill holes for 4 mm studs. Then I put this laminate on the second and, using the first element as a template, I drilled it in the same way.

We got two blanks for attaching a planer knife with holes located slightly larger than its width.

Now we need to transfer this dimension to the body of the future sharpening trolley. For this, a prepared block and with the same drill made a skew hole, stepping back from its edge at a distance slightly larger than the width of the bearing wheel (photo 1).

It is convenient to do this kind of work. Since he was far from me, I had to use a simple drill.

Put the hairpin in drilled hole and put a laminate blank on it (photo 2).

It served as a markup for drilling the second vertical hole (photo 3 and 4). At the same time, the disadvantages of working without drilling machine: Deviation of the drill on the back from the vertical line. The picture is not pleasant, but quite acceptable.

In order for the heads of the studs and fastening nuts to hide in the bar, it was necessary to perform a shallow countersink with a thicker drill.

Then I inserted the studs into the prepared holes (photo 1) and screwed on them from the back of the nut.

After tightening the nuts, the heads of the studs (photo 2) and the nuts themselves (photo 3) were hidden flush inside the wood.

On this block, using screws, fixed the bottom plate of the laminate. It had to be drilled (photo 1, 2) and countersinked (photo 3, 4) directly on a wooden block.

I screwed the screws into the prepared holes with a screwdriver, flush with the upper surface of the plate.

This photo shows another drilling defect made during careless countersink: to the right of the second screw, a large-diameter solid hole was formed in the laminate. Cause: Accidental pressure on the drill body while working. Therefore, I had to redo this operation. Consider my mistake and drill carefully.

I simply cut off the excess part of the wood with a hacksaw.

It remains to fix the bearings on the prepared trolley body.

Wheel mounting

In a block, I marked the lines with a pencil for installing the bearings.

The width of the laminate plate (photo 1) and the variant of the lower arrangement of the wheels (photo 2) were taken as the basic dimensions. For this I used a piece of a bar. Let me remind you that its thickness is slightly larger than the diameter of the inner bearing race.

It remains to work a little with a hacksaw.

And also use a chisel with a hammer.

The result is a body blank, on which it remains to fix the wheels.

To do this, I drew an axial line for the centers of the bearings with a pencil, and made the appropriate markings from the ends.

With its help, with a knife, I gave the rectangular protrusions the shape of a cylinder.

Corrected the cuts with a rasp.

I installed bearings on them.

Lubricated their attachment plane for subsequent strength with glue and hammered them with a hammer until they fit completely.

Placed a second laminate fixing plate on top. I inserted a planer blade between them and fixed it at a certain angle to the base surface with fastening nuts. The result is a homemade sharpening cart.

How to sharpen a plane knife

The first attempt to straighten the cutting edge showed good performance of the created device for sharpening carpentry tools, but immediately pointed out its shortcomings, which were admitted in a hurry.

What complicates the sharpening cart

About body height

To create a high-quality cutting edge, you must set the sharpening angle correctly. It is formed by extending a plane knife used as the hypotenuse of a right triangle.

This factor must be taken into account when creating the height of the cart. To form the sharpest corners, I needed to push the knife out of the sharpener, but this is not very convenient.

Therefore, when setting up, I reduced the height of the device to a minimum, cutting off part of the body. It took only a few minutes, and the possibilities and usability of the tool expanded.

About the width of the distance between the wheels

Here, too, a mistake was made. A wide trolley requires a large grinding stone or sandpaper large area... It is not economical.

I reduced the distance between the ball bearings as much as possible, and they began to fit on a homemade one I made from ceramic tiles... With its help it is convenient to carry out finishing of the cutting edge after its dressing on coarse-grained skin.

It is more convenient to make a body from a bar made by me from three component parts:

the lower one, which serves as the axle for fastening the wheels and is attached to the upper adapter;
medium rectangular;
top of the fixed mounting plate.

The lower workpiece with bearings can be made narrower than the width of the planer blade and fastened with separate screws to the middle one, and the studs can be placed in the middle and upper parts. In this case cutting tool will become more convenient.

Sharpening technology

There is nothing difficult in this matter if the planer knife is correctly installed. Its plane of the feeds must exactly lie on the surface of the grindstone at the moment when the cart is in working position. You need to pay attention to:

density and uniformity of surfaces;
strictly perpendicular position of the cutting edge relative to the direction of movement of the sharpening trolley;
no obstacles in the way of the wheels.

Sharpening itself is fast. My assistant is a schoolboy primary grades with great interest he completed this simple work, rolling the prepared device on an evenly spread strip of sandpaper.

He got a fairly satisfactory result: a completely normal, even cutting edge, but not completely formed bevel plane at the bottom.

I have a little more work left to fix the indicated defect. Then he brought the cutting surface to good condition on a homemade grindstone with fine grain.

But even in this state, the plane began to plan wood well, creating thin and uniform chips.

Finishing the presentation of the material, I want to draw your attention to the fact that devices for sharpening planer knives, chisels and other carpentry tools have various designs... The simplest ones are created from a regular wooden block, in which an angle cut is made to attach the cutting blade.

This block is led over a grindstone. Sharpening is quite satisfactory, but there is additional friction of the wood, which, moreover, is gradually grinded. And in the described design, rolling bearings relieve this load.

Andrey Yarmolkevich tells about them in detail in his video "Sharpening the hand plane".

Electric planers are an indispensable tool for modern carpenters, joiners and all lumber professionals. Their prevalence is due to practical efficiency and the presence of this equipment significant advantages over manual counterparts. To fully exploit the potential of the device, the blades for the electric planer must be pre-adjusted before processing the wood. Also, the blades must be sharp. This will allow, together with the correct setting of their position, to process significant volumes of boards or beams without much trouble and effort on the part of the user.

Electric planer knives are consumables. With their help, processing is provided wooden surfaces.

Often knives come with a power tool in the amount of 2 pieces.

Electric planer knives are classified according to the following criteria:

the possibility of repeated practical use;
the shape of the blades;
the size of the knife blades;
cost.

When buying an electric plane, in addition to checking its performance and equipment, attention should be paid to the quality of the knives installed on the drum, their sharpening. The blades must be sharp, with a straight edge, free from kinks or dents. You should check and spare knives... From correct selection cutting attachments depends on the final quality of lumber processing.

Disposable knives are made from hard alloys based on steel in the form of sharp plates on both sides. Such cutting parts cannot be sharpened. After the used edge is completely worn out, the knife blade is turned over and placed on the drum with the other side. At the same time, the tool continues to work. If the second cutting edge becomes dull, then the blade is simply thrown away.

Disposable knives are only intended for work that does not require high precision and the quality of workpieces processing. But they are convenient in practical use: they do not need to be fine-tuned and balanced during installation.

In terms of shape, disposable products are:

straight;
wavy;
straight but rounded at the ends.

The first type of products has a straight cutting part. Such consumables are conveniently used to process parts that have a smaller width than the length of the installed blade, select quarters. Wavy knives are used when necessary rough handling lumber... With their help, you can give a wooden surface a different texture, for example, to simulate "aging". Straight cutting edges, rounded at the edges, are good because they do not leave traces (grooves, steps) on the surface of the treated wood. it suitable option if necessary work with wide pieces of wood.

Disposable blades have a longer service life, but they can break quite easily if accidentally hitting metal (eg, nail, bolt). Are the best option attachments when working with hardwood blanks.

Reusable Cutting Bits

Products that are intended for reusable use differ in both their shape and size from disposable cutting attachments. They are made using high quality steel, which ensures the ease and quality of processing wooden surfaces.

With reusable knives, the surface of the workpiece is so smooth that no grinding is required. They have hSS marking (completely High-Speed \u200b\u200bSteel, which translates as high-speed steel). These blades are considered professional. Their installation is accompanied by high-precision balancing and adjustment. The sharpening must also be of excellent quality. In this case, the tool HSS can be sharpened so that it is very sharp.

It is more profitable to buy reusable cutting nozzles, because there is the possibility of their repeated sharpening. But products made of high-speed steel do not allow processing hardwood (for example, larch or oak).

The drums of most electric planers can be fitted with both disposable and reusable cutting attachments. But there are also devices that can only be equipped with blades that are not intended for sharpening. For this reason, when buying an electric planer, it is recommended to give preference universal power tools.

Size classification

Electric planer knives can be standard or custom size ... Products of the first type, called "plates", are 82 mm long, 5.5 mm wide and 1.2 mm thick. Such cutting attachments are suitable for most models of electric planers from foreign firms Makita, Skil, Bosch, Black & Dekker.

Straight blades for Bosch, SKIL electric planers

Non-standard cutting attachments with wider and thicker blades are typical for electric planers from Baikal and Interskol. Due to their parameters, they are stronger and better than standard plates. When hitting metal, such knives do not break. They can be sharpened with emery. The width of the nozzles is about 1 cm. The length can be 82 mm, 102 mm, and for Rebir products it reaches 110 mm.

Straight knives for Rebir IE-5709 electric planer

Cutting head price depends on the manufacturer. Also, this factor often determines the quality of the product. If you buy knives from well-known companies (for example, Bosch), then you can count on a long service life.

Some models of electric planers are equipped with cutting attachments unusual shape and designs. In order not to be mistaken with the dimensions, it is recommended to take the old blade with you for comparison before buying.

When you need to adjust or replace the electric planer knives

Electric planer knives wear out over time. They need to be removed and sharpened or replaced altogether, and then put back on the drum. Newly supplied cutting attachments need to be adjusted to cut the lumber to the best possible quality. The blades of the new power tool also need presetting. before using.

The appearance of the following signs indicates that adjustment is necessary:

sound change when processing blanks;
vibration of the tool during operation;
deterioration in the quality of planing sawn timber (the formation of waves, chips, grooves, protruding fibers and other defects);
increase in efforts spent on work.

Sound changes are not common for all models. This symptom may also indicate a number of other problems.

If, after adjusting the blade blades, the considered signs do not disappear, then more serious repairs to the power tool will need to be made.

Setting the correct position of the cutting attachments is carried out according to the following parameters:

the height of the part of the blade that protrudes above the sole of the power tool;
the size of the side protrusion of the knife intended for cutting the quarters.

Through correct adjustment the position of the blades on the drum provides a high final quality of sawn timber processing.

How to properly adjust the knives

Adjusting the knives on the drum yourself is not a problem. To set the position of the tool blades before work, you will need:

the hex wrench included with the planer;
a metal ruler or a piece of glass of a suitable size.

The adjustment is performed by performing all operations in this sequence.

In the considered sequence, the working position of the cutting edges is adjusted for models of electric planers with one, two or three knives.

It should be borne in mind that the working parts of straight knives should protrude by about 0.5 mm, and rounded ones - by 1 mm or more.

If the adjustment is correct, the cutting edges on the drum should be straight and parallel to the sole of the power tool. A number of new models contain adjusting screwswhich just need to be twisted to set the knife plates in the desired position. To set up the instrument, it is imperative to disconnect it from the mains, and in wireless models, remove the battery. This will ensure that the power tool does not start up by itself.

Algorithm for replacing knives on an electric plane

To remove the knives from the electric planer and replace them with new ones (or properly sharpened), you will need a set wrenchesas well as, in some cases, a screwdriver. It is not required to assemble and disassemble the electric plane completely in order to change the working attachments. The replacement is performed in the following sequence:

turn the drum, exposing it to such a position to gain access to the knife mounting bolts;
loosen, but not completely, these bolt clips;

remove the working attachment manually or using a flat screwdriver;
the rest of the blades are treated in a similar way;
put new knives in the nests, fixing them with bolts;
put them in the correct position.

The main point is the need to place the blades exactly in their seats and secure them securely so that they do not fall out during tool operation. Due to the fact that the attachments of the working attachments may differ for different models of electric planers, it is recommended to first read the operating instructions for the equipment used.

On sale you can find knives, the blades of which rotate. This is very convenient, because it is enough to just flip the blunt edge, replacing it with a sharp one.

When the drum of the electric planer is installed two cutting attachments, you need to change both at once. This will prevent an imbalance from occurring, which will result in a decrease in the quality of lumber processing and the failure of the electric plane.

Sharpening electric planer knives at home

With regular use of an electric planer for processing wood surfaces (planing, sampling a quarter, chamfering), its cutting edges become dull. If the knives are reusable, you can sharpen them yourself. Sharpening is carried out according to the same principle as for hand planers. The differences are only in the number of cutting edges that need to be sharpened.

Use blunt power tool it is impossible for such reasons:

the load on the electric motor increases, as a result of which its wear is accelerated;
the quality of surface treatment of sawn timber is significantly reduced.

Specialists of service centers or special workshops will help you to sharpen the cutting edges of the working nozzles correctly. If it is not possible to turn to professionals, then you can do all the work at home. To sharpen the blades yourself, you can use the following tools:

machine for sharpening knives;
ordinary whetstone (abrasive stone, whetstone);

emery;
file for metal;
grinding wheel.

You will also need special clampto hold the part to be sharpened.

Sharpening the blade with an abrasive stone is performed as follows.

Remove the working attachments that need to be sharpened from the drum of the electric planer.
The knives are fixed with special screws in the clamp so that their cutting edges lie in the same plane.
Fixed blades with light pressure, smoothly drive over the surface of the abrasive, making sure they sharpen at the same time.
Examine the sharpened parts for deviations, repeating the whole process when they are found.
Check the sharpness on any piece of the board.
Install the knife plates on the drum, adjusting their position.

It is recommended to moisten the abrasive stone with water before performing work. It should be borne in mind that a coarse-grained abrasive is intended for primary processing, and a fine-grained abrasive is intended for finishing. It is recommended to keep the original angle of the blade (approximately 30 degrees).

Considered manual way fits good for dressing sharpening. If the edges are very blunt or have jagged edges, then sharpen them on the machine. In this case, you should be careful not to remove excess metal from the blades.

If a grinding wheel is used, the part removed from the drum is driven along its surface with translational movements.

With your own hands, all actions should be carried out carefully, carefully handling the blades to avoid injury. High quality performing sharpening will appear with experience and skill.

The condition of the electric planer knives - their adjustment and sharpness - should be checked before starting sawn timber. Not only the quality of planing depends on this, but also personal safety. All operations for replacing, sharpening, adjusting the working attachments must be performed only with disconnected from the mains power tool... To give the initial sharpness to the cutting edges, it is enough to use a conventional whetstone.

Home »Articles» Construction and repair » Home workshop: how to manually sharpen a chisel

Everyone knows that the key to accurate and safe work is the use of a sharp, and most importantly - properly sharpened tool. Good chisel without special efforts cuts wood, does not chip and rarely breaks, reducing the likelihood of damage to the workpiece and the worker's hands. You can sharpen the tool yourself in two ways: on an electrically driven machine or by hand using sandpaper and a simple device made in a home workshop.

The use of an electrically driven abrasive disc for sharpening chisels has disadvantages:

The high cost of equipment: the price of a machine equipped with clamps and adjustment of the sharpening angle can go up to several tens of thousands of rubles;
Tool heating: during processing it is necessary to cool the surface after each pass. Otherwise, there is a risk of overheating the metal and changing its properties;
Concave chamfer: the emery disc is circular, so the surface to be sharpened is not flat, but slightly depressed. A concave chamfered working edge is considered less resistant.

Making a device for sharpening tricks

In most cases, it is enough to periodically edit the chisel by hand on an emery cloth, which provides a flat bevel and costs little. In each workshop, there are always some trimmings of lumber, choosing the right ones, you can make a simple device for sharpening chisels with your own hands. The photo shows a device with a sharpening angle of 25 °, for other angles it will be necessary to make several such homemade products.

Pieces were taken as a basis furniture chipboard and small wooden block 40 mm thick. I also needed a cut of the duralumin profile for the stop (replaced by anything suitable, even thick plywood) and several self-tapping screws. The dimensions in the drawing are not critical, the main thing is to perform the correct angle of inclination.

All the blanks are marked and cut out, it is especially necessary to prepare parts for the moving part of the homemade product: a bar, two corners and a stop for a chisel. The elements are fastened together with screws, for which holes are pre-drilled.

Sharpening chisels on sandpaper

Sandpaper is placed on the stand, a chisel rests against it along the stop and is pressed with a finger or a clamp. The blade is sharpened in smooth forward and backward motion.

First, a coarse sandpaper is used until the entire cutting edge is covered with uniform risks. Then we run the back side (back) of the blade over the sandpaper several times, removing the burrs.

We change the abrasive material to a finer one and repeat all the actions again. Final tweaking, after which there is not even small scratches, can be performed on a piece of leather using GOI paste or a household cleaning powder.

How to sharpen a semicircular chisel

It is more difficult to manually sharpen a semicircular chisel, you have to perform arc movements, while maintaining the desired angle of inclination.

It will be much more convenient if you put an emery sheet on your palm and bend it approximately to the shape of the tip. We hold the chisel from side to side, periodically inspecting the blade.

Debugging inside a semicircular chisel is carried out on a bar with an oval rib.

So, having only an emery cloth and a simple device, you can keep your chisels in working order. When carefully manufactured, such devices are in no way inferior to expensive and complex factory counterparts.

Administrator

Hello.

It turns out that disposable electric planer knives can be sharpened. You just need to make a simple device and sharpen the knives with it.

How to make such a device, see the video clip.

I tried this way sharpened knives for making summer shower and a small building for garden tools.

Threw about one cubic meter of raw edged boards 25 mm.

Electric planer knife sharpening: wood processing

At the same time, both sides of the knives became dull. It turned out that one side of the knives is enough for 0.5 cubic meters. He worked on the road ... to the nearest store where you can buy such knives, more than 35 km. so, the tool for sharpening came in handy.

I also invite you to the premium section of the site, for this you just need to subscribe to the newsletter.

(it's free)

Best regards, Alexander Klimov.

Workshop Tools, Carpentry Tricks Jun 21, 2017

Home craftsman: how to sharpen a plane correctly

What is manual sharpening for?
Sharpening and adjusting planer knives on the machine
Conclusion on the topic

There are always a lot of tools in the DIY workshop. How to sharpen a plane correctly so that it is always in working order? Every master with a hand or electric tool should learn to do this.

Joiner's tool for planing wood in the form of a wooden block with a wide blade.

What is manual sharpening for?

Sharpening and adjusting planer knives on the machine

Electric planer knives are consumables.

In most cases, when sharpening a plane, a special machine is used.

It is quite easy to learn how to properly sharpen a tool on it - you just need to read the instructions.

Sharpening knives for a planer in Moscow

This equipment includes the Tormek machine (image 4). It is equipped with a powerful motor, has a low speed, and can sharpen the tool for a fairly long period of time.

High cleanliness and precision sharpening ensures water cooling of the knife edge.

A common type of hand planer is its electric version.

His knives are consumables. There are usually 2 of them. They are mounted on a special drum and remove the top layer of wood from the workpiece. These products are made from a special grade of tool steel. They lend themselves well to sharpening. For some models, they are made of tungsten carbide, which is particularly durable.

The angle of the planer should be sharpened at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

Knives also differ in their shapes.

They are:

straight;
rounded;
curly.

To do this, turn the planer upside down and look at the blade: its cutting edge should protrude 0.3-0.5 mm above the sole.

Planers Interskol and Baikal are of very good quality compared to other manufacturers.

Adjust the blades if necessary.

For adjustment, the fastening screws are loosened, then the adjusting screws are turned in different directions until the knives take their place. After that, it remains to fix them.

New electric planers usually come pre-adjusted from the factory. They can be used immediately. But the settings need to be checked periodically, because they can change at the moment the blade meets a knot or a nail. After adjustment, the plane is checked on an unnecessary bar or board.

Baikal and Interskol planes have very reliable and durable blades.

They are slightly wider than other models, their thickness is also slightly larger. They are sharpened in the usual way. The sharpening angle is approximately 30 degrees. In order for the planing quality to be high, the cutting edge must be free of any burrs. To do this, sharpened knives must be trimmed using a grinding wheel. The piece of iron is installed in the device and moved from one side to the other. The pressure on the wheel or whetstone should be minimal so as not to overheat the part. Thanks to this manipulation, the knife will receive a special sharpness.

When fine-tuning with the use of various kinds of whetstones, water, oil, kerosene are used as a coolant.

If the whetstone has a different structure on each side, then first use the coarse-grained side, then the fine-grained. The touchstone must be rinsed periodically so that it does not become greasy.

Conclusion on the topic

Every owner should be able to sharpen and adjust the knives of a manual or electric planer.

After installing them, you must immediately try the work of the plane.

This method has been proven to extend the life of the cutting elements. To sharpen correctly, you need desire, an eye, skill and a steady hand. They must be supplemented with emery and grinding wheels, whetstones for finishing. It is good to get tools for attaching knives and templates with different angles.

Greetings.

Friends recently gave me, for a while, a thicknessing machine.

Since it was used during the year in construction for planing raw wood and did not particularly ask about knives, sharpening and ...

In general, the knives on the machine turned out to be so blunt that the machine barely pulled a dry pine board when removing only 0.5 mm and the surface turned out almost as after brushing, that is, the soft fibers were removed with the knives, but the hard ones remained.

The task arose either to replace the knives or to sharpen them. Stopped to sharpen.

Took to look in our city where it can be done.

Planer knives. Replacement and sharpening angles

I found a knife for 200 rubles, although they were surprised that such small knives need to be sharpened - 318 mm long and about 20 mm wide. It made me a little alarmed ... I decided to see how I could sharpen it myself.

I reviewed a lot of information, I even came across a story when a man gave to sharpen short knives for a plane to a key-making workshop, they immediately requested the entire payment, and upon receipt they gave the knives in the form of a trapezoid, when the person returned them for resharpening, they did the same to him.

The result is knives thrown out. The result of all this research is well-sharpened knives at home. But as? Watch the video.

And yet, I invite you to the premium section of the site, for this you just need to subscribe to the newsletter.

(it's free)

I hope you find a lot of useful things for yourself.

Alexander Klimov

Workshop Equipment, Carpentry Tricks Feb 22, 2015

Get access to the premium section

The rest of the planes and bats do it yourself. Only sharpening the ruler and the bit

Building tools

If you want perfect smooth surface quality, the workpiece must be well designed.

Don't feel like the sharpest tool you've just bought.

Sharp electric knives

New instruments are mostly sold unchanged, so the instrument point should be used before use. Irons and ironing tools and bits that are sharp on grinding machine or on direct grinding, moistened with water, oil or oil diluted with kerosene.

when focus The tool (oblicovochnuie-rabotui / instrument derevo.html) must always be at the same angle and sharpen the edge along a longitudinal movement with the same pressure over the entire surface of the door until it wears out.

Only sharpening the ruler and the bit

The rods should have two: the coarse grinding of the slanted side, which needs to be sharpened on the front surface of the smooth surface, does not have a clear shape visible by touching the shank, and the thin ones that make this shank replace editing on both sides of the deletion.

It is undesirable to use sharpening tools electrical grindersbecause tool steel (oblicovochnuie-rabotui / instrument-derevo.html) is often very hot and soft when used.

Combined instrument sets (oblicovochnuie-rabotui / instrument-derevo.html) with removable working mounts have proven successful in practice.

A drill or two-stage drilling machine is used as a driving mechanism. For widely used injectors, circular saws, flat saws, grinding wheels, drills for connection, the kit also contains a series of hammer blows, metal scissors.

An electric plane serves as an indispensable tool in the construction and renovation of a house, as in any power tool, there are consumables in its device. In an electric planer, knives are consumables, with the help of which the tree is processed. As a rule, knives are double-sided, in a set of 2 pieces. Remember: if the plane removes chips badly, and your knives are dull, then it's time to change them. But in this case it is worth mentioning that some of them are simply subject to sharpening. For this, you need to know how to set the electric planer knives after sharpening, and how to carry out the knife sharpening procedure itself.

Electric planer knives

The knives are mounted on a rotating drum of an electric planer and are designed to remove the top layer of material during the planing procedure wooden products... If this tool has 1 cutting edge or 2. The last blades are called swivel blades because their position can easily change if one side becomes dull. Electric planer knives are made from tool steel or tungsten carbide. The first ones can be re-sharpened.

Blades in shape are: straight - used for sampling quarters and planing narrow parts; rounded - intended for processing wide areas, because they make the transitions more accurate between the planing lines; wavy - curly knives for an electric plane are suitable for imitating "aged" surfaces.

Before using the electric planer, it is recommended to check every time that the blades are installed correctly. Their cutting edge should barely protrude outward and be parallel to the sole of the planer. To determine how the knife is adjusted, raise the tool to eye level with the sole up.

On average, the cutting edge of the knife should protrude above the sole by 0.5 millimeters. For the scherhebel, which is intended for the initial rough planing, the cutting edge should be extended by at least 1 millimeter. It is very easy to adjust the position of the knife. Turn sequentially left and right the small and large adjusting screws located behind the platform for the electric planer knife until the cutting edge is in the desired position.

Then place the knife in the electric plane and fix the position with the centering lever and the screw on the top plate. With a new electric planer, as a rule, the position of the knife has already been adjusted. However, after prolonged use, the setting will go astray. Therefore, if you are using the plane after a long break, you need to first check if everything is so. Do not start right away with a freshly adjusted electric plane without trying it out on an unnecessary board.

Classification of knives for electric planer

Also, the knives for the electric planer are divided by size. If you have an imported planer, for example, from Black & Dekker or Skil, then there are traditional 82 mm knives, they are popularly called "plates". From inexpensive and high quality we can recommend knives of the manufacturer "Zubr" made of carbon steel. These knives are suitable for most foreign planers, even for professional Bosch and Makita electric tools.

Exact dimensions: length 82 millimeters, width 5.5 millimeters and thickness 1.2 millimeters. On sale you can find knives from different manufacturers and the price in this case depends on the company in the first place. If you buy Boshevsky, then the cost will be 2 times higher than that of simple household ones - Bison, Styer, Fit, Matrix. Of course, the difference in quality will be quite noticeable.

There are knives that are specially designed for some models of electric planers. For the popular planers Interskol and Baikal special knives are intended, they are wider than the "plates" and thicker. They are stronger, and when you hit a knot or a nail while using an electric plane, the knife will not break, and the notch will easily be removed on the emery.

The width of these knives is always approximately 1 centimeter, they differ significantly from others. These knives for electric planers come in different lengths: 82 and 102 millimeters, for different models of Baikal and Interskol. If these knives are dull, you can always sharpen them yourself. Unlike thin ones, they can be sharpened on emery if you have sufficient sharpening skills and the ability to withstand the plane.

Well, the third type of knives for electric planers is wide and thick, with holes for fastening. They are very specific and are only suitable for certain models, for example, for the Rebir planers, which have a power of 2000 watts. These knives are very thick and powerful, with a width of up to 110 millimeters.

Change of electric planer knives

The highest requirements are imposed on the knives of the electric planer. The fact that they are dull can be easily determined by eye. To do this, look at the chamfer of the piece of iron and rotate it around the cutting edge. The cutting edge is dull if a shiny thread-like strip appears at the end of the chamfer in some position. The angle of sharpening of the electric plane knife should be close to 30 degrees.

Today there are knives for electric planers using a rotary cutter. If one of these knife blades is dull, then it is customary to turn the knife over for the first time, and next time replace it with a new sharp knife.

The knives for the electric planer are installed in a knife holder, which is placed in a tapered transverse groove and clamped with three nuts. The height of the knives is adjusted by two screws located at the edges. To get the knife out of the knife holder, loosen the nuts, tighten the screws to the end of the screws, which will help to push the knife holder out of the slot.

After that, you need to pick up a drift that is suitable for the thickness of the knife, and using it, knock the knife out of the knife holder in the transverse direction. Next, turn the knife over or take a new one if the old one is unusable, and carefully drive it into place, placing it on the side. Make sure that the knife goes into the knife holder strictly parallel to it.

Having put new knives on the electric plane, they should be adjusted in height with screws and tightened with nuts. In this case, it is recommended to set the same clearance for both knives, otherwise the shaft will be unbalanced.

Editing on a touchstone

When planing, reach good quality the treated surface is possible only when using a sharp knife in the plane. If the cutting edge is a little dull and has no chipping, then it will be possible to sharpen it by dressing. It is recommended to grind dull or serrated knives on grinding wheel.

When grinding a knife on a grinding wheel, it is freely placed on a flat supporting surface or clamped into a slide. When grinding, the piece of iron must be moved along the grinding disc from side to side. Due to friction, the parts are heated in this case. Therefore, it is necessary to apply moderate pressure when processing the product so that the cutting edge does not lose its hardness and does not turn blue.

The electric planer knife must be straightened after grinding. Only through this manipulation will he obtain the desired spice. For manual adjustment electric planer knives use artificial or natural bars called donkeys. The piece of iron can be straightened by machine on a finishing disk.

On Belgian donkeys, dressing can only be done with the addition of water. On Arkansas bars, on the other hand, a mixture of oil and kerosene is used for dressing. Artificial donkeys come with at different levels grinding. Many have coarse and fine grained sides.
The coarse side is for pre-dressing and the fine side is for fine dressing. You can use a mixture of oils or water to dress knives on artificial donkeys. On a dry bar, it is impossible to edit in any case, because the blade will lose hardening (release) and will become dull. The bar needs to be washed from time to time so that the touchstone does not get greasy.

When editing, the chamfer is well abutted against the block and is driven crosswise until it becomes as shiny as a mirror, and all burrs disappear. The front side of the piece of iron is driven only down and up along the touchstone, and the procedure for correcting it in time lasts less.
The lapping disc is made from artificial material, which contains a fine abrasive agent. With these discs, you can machine the blades for electric planers.

Electric planer knife sharpening

Before replacing the electric planer knives, you first need to determine the need for it. It's easy to find out: if the electric planer runs worse on the workpiece than before, then you need to start regrinding its knives. Also, remember that dull knives can increase the risk of the machine being kicked off when hitting hard wood, such as knots.

The first step in sharpening an electric planer knife is to place an abrasive stone in water for a few minutes. The stone must absorb as much moisture as possible. This helps to avoid excessive dust formation and improves the quality of the electric plane sharpening. When sharpening the knives, it is important to ensure that they touch the abrasive stone at the same angle at all times.

The second stage is fixing the knives in a special block. In order to sharpen a knife for an electric plane with high quality, it is customary to use a special device, which will help to avoid violations of the geometry or balancing of the knives. Loosen the two nuts that secure the block clamping plate and insert the blades all the way into the electric planer blade sharpener. Then tighten the locking nuts again. Make sure that the cutting edges of the knives are in the same plane.

The third step is the sharpening process itself. Sharpening knives for an electric plane must be done using a special technology. The steel on the re-sharpened knives is of such high quality that it allows the knives to be sharpened well and make them as sharp as a razor. However, be careful not to disturb the balance of the knives. Since two knives are used in the electric plane, the question of balancing is strictly.

The straightness of the blade during sharpening is checked using any straight surface. The chamfer width must be exactly the same along the entire length of the blade. Knives are usually sharpened with a hand sharpener. It is recommended to sharpen so much in time until the finest burrs appear on the blade, which are difficult to distinguish by eye. Make sure that the chamfer is smooth, without concavities or bulges. Burrs must be removed. To do this, when sharpening the knives of the electric planer, the knife is placed flat on the back of the block and is carried out several times over it.

Assembly of electric planer knives

After sharpening the knife, first connect it to the blade. It should protrude 3 millimeters beyond the edge of the lining. Fully assemble the tool, adjust the correct position of the knife so that its edge protrudes beyond the edge of the platform, as expected, by 0.5 millimeters. Connect the knife and the plate with one screw. Loosen the screw, turn the knife 90 degrees and separate the parts.

First, place the knife against the block with a chamfer and move it back and forth in this position at an acute angle of 30 degrees. When will arise on cutting edge burrs, flip the knife over, place flat on the block and move back and forth to remove the burrs. The edge of the knife should protrude 3 millimeters beyond the edge of the lining. The screw that holds the pad and the knife together must be tightened well so that after prolonged use, both parts fit tightly to each other.

After sharpening the electric planer knives, you need to immediately test the blade by removing a few shavings. It has been proven in practice that the blade of a tool that is put into operation immediately after sharpening is less blunt. To avoid frequent sharpening of knives on a sharpener, carefully monitor the state of the piece of iron during work, and when the first signs of dullness (shiny stripes) appear, immediately straighten the electric plane on a sharpening bar.

Now you know why it is so important to constantly monitor the position of the knives on the electric plane, adjust them in time, remove and install new pieces of iron. In addition, you always have the opportunity to sharpen the electric planer knives on special device and put them back on.