House from kbb wall 40 cm.My ventilated facade for a house made of expanded clay concrete experimentally

At one time, I bought a box at home on a plot of 10 acres. The box was assembled from lightweight aggregate concrete blocks (KBB) 40 cm thick. The box was brought under the roof, then floors were made, windows were inserted, floors were laid and the walls were plastered from the inside.

After that, the heating system was laid out and two boilers were installed. The first boiler - wood-fired - was the main one in the heating system. The second boiler - - was supposed to heat up the system when the main boiler went out. Thus, it was possible not to get up at night and not throw firewood into the firebox of the wood-burning boiler.

And in the very first winter it became clear that for our Ural frosts 40 cm of expanded clay concrete is very weak. In order to somehow remedy the situation, right in winter, in December, we began the process of warming the house.

What facade options did I consider?

Now let's see what options for the facades I had in mind, which then disappeared and why.

After that, it was decided to try to insulate the walls from KBB and make a ventilation facade. Over the insulation, it was decided to sheathe the house with vinyl siding - under the clapboard and the basement - under the wild stone.

The process of insulation and installation of a ventilation facade

So in January, in the coldest frosts, we began to insulate the house. Bars of 50x50 mm were mounted on the walls from the KBB, which were pre-treated with Senezh fire-biological protection. First, vertical rows of bars were sewn and the insulation sheets were laid vertically. The next row of 50x50 mm bars was mounted horizontally. Accordingly, the sheets of insulation were laid horizontally.

This is how the overlapping of the wooden frame with sheets of insulation was obtained. The thermal resistance of a pine block of 50 mm across the fibers is lower than the thermal resistance of a sheet of basalt wool 50 mm at a density of 45.

After that, the Izospan membrane was attached to the stapler to the bars, which was supposed to protect the insulation from moisture, and the house from blowing.

Then 50x25 mm bars were vertically mounted on top, which formed a ventilation gap along the entire facade.

The vinyl and basement were then attached to them.

The main facade was made of such siding ...

They did not do vapor barrier from the side of the house, because living in a plastic bag is not the best option.

What mistakes and what would I redo now

3 years have passed since the house was insulated and the ventilation façade was installed. What should I redo now, and what errors in the installation of the facade and insulation did the three-year operation reveal?

First, it was necessary to do instead of the 100 mm that we did. Because energy resources are becoming more expensive every year, firewood is now generally insane money. And this is in the Urals, where the forests are around.

Secondly, while insulating and sheathing the facade, we did not think about removing the cornice hem, as a result of which the insulation rested on the metal of the hem. And the layer of insulation of the walls on the upper corner of the house did not close with the layer of insulation of the attic floor. I've been going to disassemble and redo everything for a year, and I can't get myself together.

Thirdly, while insulating the facade, they completely forgot about the balcony. But it adjoins the wall with its end, the supporting beams of the balcony pass through the wall at the level of the floors between the first and second floors. It is necessary to disassemble the floor covering of the balcony and insulate the space between its supporting beams.

No more errors in insulation and installation of the facade have been identified. Cotton wool feels great in a wooden frame, does not slip and does not open up cold access to the wall.

Vinyl siding was installed according to all the rules, self-tapping screws were fastened strictly in the center of the holes and were not tightened half a turn. Thanks to this, the entire structure "breathes" under the summer and winter sun, and the vinyl planks do not break.

The only drawback is the upper mounting J - profiles. You could do without them, and fix the siding directly on the screws. It is not visible underneath, but in a strong wind it happens that one or two strips begin to crawl out of the J-profile fasteners. You have to get a long ladder and climb under the very roof, fix the siding.

Artem Stebanov, Chelyabinsk.

One of the most popular building materials is expanded clay concrete. Floor screeds are made from it, walls and partitions are poured with it.

Most often, blocks are made from this material - individual elements created for the construction of structures.

The thickness of the wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks can be different. This parameter depends on the size of the product itself, for what purposes the block is used and on the terrain in which you use it.

Features of expanded clay concrete blocks and material properties

Expanded clay blocks have good thermal conductivity

Expanded clay is a natural material that is made from carbon clay by firing at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of separate fractions. The smaller the fraction, the higher the value of the material.

The product itself has good thermal conductivity, it is often used to insulate the floors of buildings and frame wall partitions with it. But most often, with the addition of expanded clay and concrete, blocks are produced, which are very popular both among professional builders and among ordinary people planning to build their own house.

Expanded clay blocks are denser than concrete structures

They can be created both at specialized enterprises and independently, the main thing is to have the appropriate forms for filling the product and know the proportions and production technologies. This material has certain characteristics, which can be found in detail in the table below.

The construction of partitions and walls from expanded clay concrete blocks is popularized every day. In addition to the fact that the blocks have good thermal conductivity, they are quite easy to install and have excellent performance properties.

Block structures of a bearing wall and various partitions are mounted much faster than brick structures and have a lower cost (in terms of material consumption). Despite the fact that visually, the brick seems to be a more complete product, the density of blocks made of expanded clay concrete is much higher.

The product in question is most often produced in two types:

• partition block;
• wall.

Expanded clay concrete block, intended for external and bearing walls, is created with a size of 390 x 190 x 188 mm, and a product intended for creating partitions between rooms in premises - 390 x 190 x 90 mm. When purchasing expanded clay concrete blocks, as a material for the construction of external walls of houses and various structures, one should take into account the factor that it includes all environmentally friendly materials that do not emit harmful impurities.

Choosing masonry for the outer wall of the house

Use thicker blocks in colder areas

Almost every owner, when building his house, is faced with the question: "How thick to make the outer wall?", It is not always easy to get an unequivocal answer to it. Since its thickness depends on the masonry, which is used in the construction of the structure. Masonry, in turn, is different in different regions of the country, depending on the climatic characteristics.

In addition, the outer wall is not always created only from expanded clay blocks. In the cold regions of the country, in order to have a minimum wall thickness, combined masonry is used. In addition to blocks, they include various (stone wool, expanded polystyrene) and bricks.

Only after the final choice of the masonry option is it worth starting to calculate the thickness of the expanded clay concrete wall.

Exterior masonry must be 40 cm thick

There are certain postulates and rules that should always be taken into account and followed when organizing walls from expanded clay blocks. These include:

• when laying out the support wall with ordinary ones, the external masonry should be at least 40 cm thick;
• if the premises are lined with large blocks of expanded clay concrete measuring 590 x 290 x 200 mm, then the outer wall is erected with a thickness of 60 cm, and the insulation is placed in special gaps.

When choosing and forming a wall cake, each owner should take into account such a parameter as the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Every building material used for the construction of walls has it.

How do I calculate the wall thickness?

The calculation of the thickness of the base depends on the coefficient of thermal conductivity

There is little to know for self-erection of a structure , how the outer wall will be built, and what materials it will be made from, it follows that each owner learn how to calculate the thickness of the structure. They can differ significantly depending on the construction area and the parameters of the materials used.

The main parameters for calculating the thickness of external walls are the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer.

Each material has a thermal conductivity coefficient λ, depending on the thickness of the product used. The coefficient of resistance to heat transfer is designated as Rreg, and directly depends on the area where the structure will be erected. Each region has its own coefficient, it can be found in various construction documents (SNiPs and GOSTs).

The wall thickness is denoted as δ and is equal to:

δ \u003d λ * Rreg. For more information on how to lay block walls, see this video:

In our country there are certain established procedures, which are followed by many builders who build houses from expanded clay concrete blocks. They believe that walls made of this material in the northern regions should be at least 60 cm, in the central ones - 40-60 cm, and in the southern regions 20-40 cm.

Summing up the written material, it should be said that in order to erect a structure, you need to qualitatively calculate all the parameters, including the thickness of the walls made of expanded clay concrete.

This material is now used in construction more often than many others, so it is worth "digging" in the literature and finding the required values \u200b\u200bif the goal is to create a reliable and warm home.

Required and sufficient CBB wall thickness. We need your opinion.

For example, I was no less than KBB, I was interested in the Polystyrene concrete block
Production is in Ufa.
I'd like to hear the opinion of those who built from such material, or live in it.
Here's what I pulled from the site of the manufacturer of this material:

POLYSTYROLBETON technology

Polystyrene concrete (GOST R 51253 - 99) is a type of lightweight concrete with a homogeneous cellular structure and the lowest density - from 150 kg / m3 (gas silicate concretes widely known today are 2 or more times heavier). The material was developed about 25 years ago at NIIZhB, and was created, first of all, in order to exclude from the structure of the outer wall such short-lived insulation materials as mineral wool slabs, as well as such low-tech materials as polystyrene.

Specifications

* Polystyrene concrete is a low-combustible material, has a flammability group - G1
* Density (according to GOST R51253-99) from 150 to 600 kg / m3
* Frost resistance from F 100 and more
* Strength characteristics from V 0.5 to 2.5 (500-600 kg / m3)
* Tensile strength - class B 12.5 (for lightweight concrete based on porous aggregates)
* Coefficient of thermal conductivity - in the range from 0.55 to 0.12 W / m С0

Areas of use

* Monolithic thermal insulation of walls, floors, attics, roofs, in well masonry, frame structures with non-removable (retained) formwork, etc.
* Hollow elements for precast-monolithic walls
* Solid and hollow blocks
* Tongue partitions
* Plates for insulation of facades and roofs, etc.
* Small architectural forms
* Cementing joints of external panels

Regulations

With the release of GOST R 51253-99, polystyrene concrete began to be actively used in civil and housing construction.

In addition, over the past 20 years, a number of regulatory documents have been issued in our country for polystyrene concrete mixtures and products:

* Polystyrene concrete TU 65USSR152-81
* Single-layer polystyrene concrete wall panels - TU 69-329-85
* Roofing heat-insulating monolithic polystyrene concrete - TU 67-983-85
* Covering of buildings from steel profiled decking with thermal insulation from monolithic polystyrene concrete and roll roofing TU 110-024-88
* Three-layer wall panels made of polystyrene concrete TU 480-2-140-92
* Building blocks hollow polystyrene concrete TU 5741-0110319659-93
* Small polystyrene concrete blocks - TU 5741-008-04779210-95

If we compare polystyrene concrete with foam concrete, aerated concrete, it turns out that the only advantage of foam concrete blocks is a relatively low price, but:
Unlike polystyrene concrete, foam concrete blocks have several negative qualities:

1. The raw material for foaming in foam concrete blocks is bovine serum, which attracts various rodents, destroying your homes and injuring your loved ones.

2. Foam concrete has increased water permeability (it sinks in water), therefore, it is subject to destruction upon repeated exposure to negative temperatures on the moisture inside the block and, as you know, water sharply reduces the thermal insulation qualities of the insulation.

3. Foam concrete is very fragile, even with a small effect of dynamic load - it collapses. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the transportation of blocks (when transporting foam concrete - losses reach 7-10%), and in the presence of special packaging, it leads to an increase in the cost of the material.

4. Since foam concrete is 1.5 - 2 times heavier than polystyrene concrete, labor costs for construction work increase.

5. The thermal conductivity of any wall material is absolutely linearly dependent on its specific weight, ie. a wall of 800 mm made of foam concrete and weighing 800 kg / m3 and a wall of 400 mm made of polystyrene concrete weighing 400 kg / m3 are similar in terms of thermal insulation, i.e. the gain in wall weight is 2 times. And accordingly, the pressure on the foundation doubles, and the imaginary savings on cheap building material ultimately turns into tangible material losses.

Estimated thermal performance of building materials and products

The data is presented on the basis of the “Code of rules for thermal protection of buildings

SP 23 - 101 - 2004 ". Design coefficients of thermal conductivity under operating conditions in zone "A" according to SNiP 23-02.

The thermal insulation characteristics of D200 grade polystyrene concrete and PPZh 200 mineral wool slab are the same, but:

The warranty period of the ППЖ 200 provided by the manufacturer is 5 years. And the durability of polystyrene concrete is tens of years. It does not stick to time. Water passes through the insulation made of polystyrene concrete through and through, like through a sieve, so a small insulated area gets wet directly at the place where the waterproofing is broken. Monolithic insulation with polystyrene concrete has no seams, and therefore no cold bridges. Insulation made of polystyrene concrete can be walked freely, i.e. the attic space can be operated.

All of the above is a direct proof of the indisputable advantage of polystyrene concrete over foam concrete, aerated concrete and such traditional materials as brick.

The choice is yours!
LAVA technology "

In the minds of an ordinary builder, the term "expanded clay concrete block" arises stable associations with a hollow block made of fine expanded clay (expanded clay sand), cement (usually low-grade) or dump slag of metallurgical production. The latter are fillers, although the slag acts as an additional binder.

In everyday life, such a block is most often called "cinder block". Cement (in most M400 ShPC D20) as a percentage can take 35 - 40%. The rest of the volume is occupied by expanded clay sand or TPP fly ash. In this case, the block has a characteristic dark color.

Such a block is often used on low-budget construction sites. But in the understanding of a "normal" builder, the cinder block is suitable for the construction of fences (good), garages, sheds and other non-residential structures (except for baths). For the construction of enclosing and internal walls of residential premises, such a block cannot be used for many reasons, and primarily environmental.

The expanded clay concrete block (KBB) considered by us has little in common with the cinder block, except for the name. It differs in all parameters, ranging from production methods to the method of laying without mortar.

Table of comparative characteristics of expanded clay of the constituent blocks.

	specifications		units		Regular block
	Method of production			vibrocompression	steaming
	Quantity of expanded clay
	water absorption		% of the volume
	Average strength				50-100 (depending on the brand)
	Volumetric weight of 1 cubic meter
	frost resistance
	Possibility of laying without mortar			Only without solution	Obligatory layer 2-3 cm.
	Subsequent insulation				necessarily
	Thermal conductivity	W / m. Hail
	Average st-th 1 sq. M of finished wall				5000 (with insulation)
	Variations by brand				500 to 1500

Even a cursory examination of both blocks reveals a difference in texture and internal configuration. Ordinary blocks are also produced full-bodied, but then the specific gravity of one cubic meter reaches 1500 kg.

In KBB, expanded clay of large fractions is used, which is usually in little demand. In this regard, the cost of blocks (all other things being equal) is less than a conventional block made by steaming, which in turn also increases its cost.

The texture of the expanded clay concrete block made by vibrocompression.

The absence of mortar in the masonry makes it possible to reduce to zero the influence of "cold bridges" and significantly reduce the cost of masonry work. When constructing external walls from KBB, two factors disappear, ultimately affecting the cost of the finished square meter - external insulation and external decoration (except for putty and painting).

The groove ridge lock with an exact fit allows masonry work to be carried out independently or by teams with "low qualifications" many times faster than laying traditional materials on cement mortar.

The back side of the block has a flat concrete texture, which allows to reduce the cost of interior decoration. It is enough to apply the start - finish of the putty without first plastering the surfaces. This is facilitated by the absence of a layer of cement mortar between the blocks.

When laying blocks, special attention should be paid to them tight fit between each other... Otherwise, cracks are formed in the wall, which, apart from foam (which is not good), have nothing to seal with.

The walls built from KBB differ for the better and in such a parameter as "nailing". It is extremely difficult to attach hinged elements of furniture or household appliances to a wall made of a conventional hollow block. In a solid block, this cannot be done without preliminary drilling a hole.

In KBB, self-tapping screws are screwed in without dowels and are tightly held in them.

Dowel plugs are not required to place hanging elements (both external and internal) on KBB walls. It is enough to drill the concrete edge and then screw in the fastening element.

Inside such walls, communications are easily laid, and the coefficient of linear expansion of expanded clay and its thermal conductivity indicators allow you to mount water pipes and heating networks without using a merelon jacket.

A big advantage of KBB over other wall materials is that there is no need to cast a stiffening belt (crown beam) when constructing buildings on one floor. Regulatory documentation allows the construction of buildings from KBB with a height of no more than three floors.

At the same time, the appearance of the outer walls can be viewed as an advantage and a disadvantage. In the processed and painted state, they have an attractive appearance. But beyond the texture applied to the blocks, the facades of houses cannot be modernized. Therefore, houses built from KBB look monotonous, although quite attractive.

Due to the low cost of finished walls, KBB can be transported over long distances without problems. Logistics in this case will not greatly increase the estimated cost of the house built.

Against the background of undeniable advantages, KBB has a number of significant disadvantages that limit the occupied segment of the building materials market.

1. KBB can only be used in the construction of low-rise private buildings. The laying of openings for multi-storey frame structures or the construction of modern structures in the Art Nouveau style using KBB looks problematic.
2. The foundation of the house intended for KBB must be strong and have a "winter downtime".
3. It is problematic to build various architectural forms from KBB - bay windows, towers and other rounded structures. This requires professional skills when trimming side edges synchronously. This kind of work is beyond the power of amateur builders, which increases the final cost of the finished object. Such structures have a large radius and are not always “worth the candle”.
4. Recent studies by environmentalists have shown that claydite exudes inert gases into the atmosphere of the premises, which have an extremely adverse effect on human health, into the atmosphere of the premises. This discharge is not so intense and is eliminated by simple daily ventilation of the premises. However, if this is not done, health can be damaged.
5. When designing houses from KBB, it is necessary to think over and count on a project for the distant future. An extension to the house or alteration of the KBB from the outer walls to the inner ones is extremely difficult in the future.

In general, KBBs have more advantages than disadvantages. Two years of experience with such material has proven this with good reviews from buyers and builders. For the latter, work with KBB increases their earnings - for the season a team of three people, due to the absence of wet processes and finished exterior decoration, manages to build from two to three houses.

One of the most important uses of the exterior walls of any home is protecting it from external natural influences, weather phenomena and the creation of the strength of supporting structures.

Building material expanded clay concrete is inexpensive in price and quite uncomplicated in styling.

What is this stuff?

Expanded clay concrete contains expanded clay in the bulk - it is foamed and fired special clay with cement and water.

With a sufficiently high level of strength, this material is relatively light in weight. Walls erected from expanded clay concrete, in contrast to concrete structures, have good heat and sound insulation propertiesand much lighter, which allows you to build a house on a lighter foundation.

The period of preservation of the operational properties of such walls can be approximated by the age of 75.

What should be the thickness of the wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks?

Wall thickness of expanded clay concrete depends on several factors:

Taking into account the natural conditions, then for the central region it is enough to erect single-layer block walls with a thickness from 400 mm to 600 mm. For regions with colder climates, the walls are insulated with heat-insulating materials.

Varieties of designs

By designation, walls are divided into internal and external. By load distribution - bearing and non-bearing. The carrier is called the wall that is under heavy strain and serves as a support for floors and roofs.

Read also about the technical characteristics and brands of expanded clay concrete blocks.

Non-bearing ones divide the room into separate rooms. From the purpose of the walls the type of their construction depends. Outside are mainly carriers. Internal walls can also be load-bearing, but there is no need to insulate them as much as external ones.

Masonry options

The size of the expanded clay concrete blocks depends on how to make masonry for residential premises:

1. If the blocks are 590: 290: 200 mm, then the wall width should be 600 mm... In this case, only the voids in the blocks are insulated.
2. If the blocks are 390: 190: 200 mm in size, then the masonry must be 400 mm thick without external finishing layers and insulation.
3. If the blocks are 235: 500: 200 mm in size, then wall thickness to be erected 500 mm plus external and internal plaster finishing.

Wall masonry from expanded clay concrete blocks is also depends on the purpose of the structure itself:

1. During construction warehouse, utility rooms, not requiring special insulation. The wall is laid in one layer across the width of the block (200 mm). The inner surface of the wall is plastered, and the outer surface is covered with insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene, or expanded polystyrene) with a layer of 100 mm.
2. If they erect small building, for example, a bath, then the principle of masonry is similar to the option of laying utility rooms, only the insulating layer will be 50 mm.
3. Three-layer masonry is performed mostly in residential buildings... A small gap is left between the blocks. The total thickness of the wall is 60 cm. Its inner part is covered with a layer of plaster, and insulation is laid in the spaces between the blocks.
4. Laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for regions with cold climates... When installing the outer wall, two partitions are built parallel to each other, which are connected with reinforcement. Then insulation is laid between the partitions, then they are plastered on both sides.

Expanded clay concrete blocks can be solid and hollow. Corpulent more durable and are more suitable for supporting structures.

How to calculate?

In order to understand what the optimal thickness should be at the walls made of expanded clay blocks, we must understand that wall thickness directly depends on its function.

If you adhere to the regulations of building codes and rules, then the ceilings and walls erected from expanded clay concrete blocks must be thick, necessarily together with insulation, not less than 64 cm.

Walls of this thickness are suitable for living quarters. In order to correctly calculate the consumption of the required amount of building material for the construction of walls from expanded clay concrete, you need to know the total length of all walls the building to be erected together with all partitions and the height of the floor.

These indicators are multiplied. However, it is necessary to take into account the approximate thickness of the cement massfor cement screeds and joints (approx. 15 cm).

The number that turned out as a result is necessary multiply by the wall thickness and divided by the volume of the expanded clay concrete block.

As a result, we get the required number of blocks that are necessary for construction work. To find out the approximate cost of the expanded clay concrete wall being built, you need the number of blocks multiplied by the priceone block plus the cost of purchasing materials for thermal insulation.

The expanded clay concrete block has a number of advantages, lightness, ease of installation (the area of \u200b\u200bone block is equal to the area of \u200b\u200babout seven bricks), high performance properties, all this makes it possible for this material to be more in demand.

See in the following video - laying of expanded clay concrete blocks: