In Russian grammar a x Vostokova. Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov
Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov. Biography
Born March 16, 1781 in the city of Orensburg, Livonia province, located on the island of Ezel. He was the son of the Eastsee nobleman H. I. Osten-Sacken. (From the word "Osten", which means "east" in German, the poet's literary pseudonym, which also became his official surname, originates.) Nothing is known about Vostokov's mother. He was brought up in a strange family, with a certain "Major" Treyblut. Here, among simple, uneducated people, he spent his early childhood. He learned to read from the German Bible, and learned Russian fairy tales from a garrison soldier. When the boy was seven years old, he was taken, by order of his father, to St. Petersburg. Vostokov's social position in the capital was uncertain and ambiguous, which caused him considerable moral suffering.
A high-ranking relative of K.I.Osten-Saken, brother of his father, educator of the Grand Duke Constantine, directed the fate of Vostokov and even allowed him to visit him in the Winter Palace. But the boy is actually denied kinship, giving him the fictitious surname Ostenek. He was placed in the Land Cadet Gentry Corps, more precisely in the gymnasium at the corps, where the children of commoners studied, from whom the future teachers of the corps were trained. Thus, Vostokov was to be left without a noble title and associated privileges. In the first years of his stay at the Vostok gymnasium, he improved his knowledge in Russian, at the same time studied French, read a lot and began to write Russian poetry.
Vostokov's creative interests were greatly facilitated by the traditions of the corps that brought up A.P. Sumarokov and M.M.Kheraskov within its walls.
Literary studies of the cadets were supported and encouraged by the teacher of literature, P. S. Zheleznikov, who introduced his pupils to the works of Karamzin that had just been published at that time.
In 1794, by the decision of K. I. Osten-Saken, Vostokov was transferred from the cadet corps to the Academy of Arts. The reason for the transfer was the strongest stuttering that blocked Vostokov's path to the position of a teacher.
At the Academy of the East, he did not discover great abilities either in painting or in architecture, but he did not lose interest in reading and literary pursuits. He does not break his friendship with old schoolmates either. The enthusiasm for literary creativity is also supported by Vostokov's new friends at the Academy of Arts - I. A. Ivanov, F. F. Repnin, A. D. Fufaev. In the views of Vostokov and his friends, the influence of educational ideas is felt during these years. "We read Voltaire with Ermolaev ... We resent Paul I", (Notes of A. Kh. Vostokov about his life. - "Collection of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences", 1901, vol. 70, No. 6, p. 18. ) - he writes in his diary.
After graduating from the Academy (September 1800), Vostok was left with her as a boarder to improve his knowledge, and from 1803 he was enrolled as an academic translator and assistant librarian.
In September 1801, he joined the Society of Lovers of the Fine, later renamed the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts, of which he remained a conscientious and zealous member for over twenty years, fulfilling the duties of a secretary, one of the censors and even a treasurer.
Vostokov's first appearance in print dates back to 1802. In the second part of the anthology, compiled by PS Zheleznikov and bearing the title "Abridged Library for the Benefit of the Gentlemen of the First Cadet Corps", along with the works of Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Dmitriev, two poems of the young poet were published anonymously: "Autumn Morning" and "Parnas, or the Mountain of Grace ". The most intensive creative activity of Vostokov is associated with publications of the Free Society - with the almanac "Scroll of the Muses" (1802-1803) and "Periodical edition of the Free Society ..." (1804), where many of his original and translated works were placed.
In 1805-1806 the poet published in two parts his "Lyric Experiments and Other Small Works in Verse".
In the next ten years, Vostokov's poetic activity proceeded along the line of fading. From time to time, some of his poems appear in the almanac "Thalia", the magazines "Flower Garden", "Sapkt-Petersburg Bulletin", "Son of the Fatherland". Vostokov's creative interests were mainly associated with the traditions of the 18th century, primarily with his educational aspirations. By the early 1820s, this poetic era was a thing of the past. Apparently, the writer himself understood this. In 1821 his last collection, Poems, was published, which was a kind of result of Vostokov's literary activity. The book is based on poems from "Lyric Experiments", "corrected" and "supplemented", according to the author, new, written after 1806.
In need of livelihood, Vostokov had to constantly serve. From 1804 he served as an interpreter in the Commission for the Drafting of Laws, and from 1811 - the same position in the Department of Heraldry. Gradually, he manages to combine service with his philological interests. In 1815, he received a job as assistant curator of manuscripts (later - curator of manuscripts) in the Public Library. In addition, from 1824 to 1844, he first acted as a librarian, and then as a senior librarian and chief curator at the Rumyantsev Museum (in St. Petersburg).
Vostokov's scientific activity in the field of philology, to which he devoted much effort and in which he left a deeper mark, received immeasurably greater recognition than poetry. His works are striking in the breadth of interests, courage and originality of conclusions.
In 1812, "The Experience of Russian Versification" was published in the "St. Petersburg Bulletin" (a separate, supplemented edition was published in 1817). Turning to the folk song verse, Vostokov carefully studied this completely original metric system. According to his observations, the defining features in it were not the feet and not the equivalence of the verses, but the number of stressed syllables in each verse.
Another work of the scientist - "Discourse on the Slavic language" (1820) - laid the foundation for a truly scientific study of the Church Slavonic language. Before Vostokov, there was no clarity either in the definition of its historical basis, or in the understanding of its relationship to the Russian language. According to Vostokov, the Church Slavonic language, in which the old books were written, was the "dialect of a certain tribe" of the Slavs (Vostokov does not specify which one). First living, then bookish, this language has undergone a number of changes in its development. As the scientist believed, the best idea of \u200b\u200bthe living Church Slavonic language is given by ancient monuments, in particular the Ostromir Gospel. At the end of his work, Vostokov published a description of the main grammatical features of the Church Slavonic language.
Later, in 1842, he published the Ostromir Gospel itself with a parallel Greek text of the original. In addition, he published "Russian grammar" (1831), which withstood twelve editions, and on its basis - "Abbreviated Russian grammar" (1833), which had sixteen editions, as well as "The grammar of the Church Slavonic language, set out from the most ancient monuments" ( 1863).
Continuing our stories about curious book editions, today we (together with Magnitsky's Arithmetic) want to talk about Alexander Vostokov's Grammar. True, our story will be summer-vacation, and will touch not only the textbook, the most popular in the 19th century, but also its author - an interesting researcher-Slavic scholar and ... librarian.
Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov - an outstanding philologist, founder of Russian Slavic studies - for many years was in charge of the Public Library's Manuscript Department. What kind of Depo was, what relation does the author of a grammar textbook have to him - all this will be discussed.
OH. Vostokov was born in 1781 on the island of Ezele (Saarema) of the former Livland province. He was the illegitimate son of a noble Eastern nobleman, Baron H.I. Osten-Saken, major in the Russian army. As an illegitimate child, he was brought up with a foster family in Reval, and his first language was German, but in his early childhood Vostokov learned Russian, and considered it to be his family all his life. However, he was not Vostokov then: Kh.I. Osten-Sacken, not wanting to recognize his son, sent him to St. Petersburg - and gave the seven-year-old boy the name Ostenek. The child did not like the surname very much; at the end of his studies, he changed it to the East.
Alexander Khristoforovich studied in the 1st Land Cadet Corps, but he was not a cadet, but a “gymnasium student”. The gymnasium students accepted children of non-nobility origin and trained them as corps teachers. He studied in the Vostok Cadet Corps for six years, and then was expelled. He stuttered from childhood; during adolescence, stuttering began to intensify, making him unfit for teaching. This illness, aggravated by Vostokov's exceptional shyness, doomed him to almost complete dumbness for the rest of his life. He explained himself mainly in writing and could speak more or less fluently only with very close people.
Oddly enough, the physical disability did not interfere with A.Kh. Vostokov to make friends and create circles that lived with literary interests. Apparently, Alexander Khristoforovich was so attractive: erudition, multifaceted talents and wonderful spiritual qualities. From the cadet corps, he entered the Academy of Arts and graduated with a medal for architectural projects. A circle of “friends for life” has formed there: I.A. Ivanov, A.I. Ermolaev, sculptor S.I. Galberg, whose sister Vostokov later married. N.I. were close to Vostokov. Utkin is a famous Russian engraver, V.I. Demut-Malinovsky, O.A. Kiprensky.
But the profession of an architect did not attract Vostokov: for some time he served as an assistant librarian at the Academy of Arts, then moved to the Commission for Drafting Laws as a translator.
The scientific and literary activity of Alexander Khristoforovich proceeded outside the service. In 1808, he joined the newly organized Society of Lovers of the Fine, which was soon renamed the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts, in which, according to contemporaries, he became "an indisputable authority on matters of literary skill and aesthetic taste." Gnedich, Zhukovsky and Delvig valued his opinion. It was at the request of Delvig Vostokov that he translated and published in Northern Flowers in 1825 some Serbian songs from the collections published by V. Karadzic. B. Tomashevsky wrote about the influence of Vostokov's translations on Pushkin's Songs of the Western Slavs.
No less important was Vostokov's work in the field of the theory of poetics. In 1812 he published The Experience of Russian Versification, which marked the beginning of the study of Russian verse.
Since 1810, Vostokov devoted himself entirely to linguistics. By this time, he speaks not only German, French and Italian, but also Greek, Latin and all Slavic languages. But the comparative study of the Slavic languages \u200b\u200bwas very difficult, often of an accidental nature due to the lack of the necessary manuals and sources - books and manuscripts.
Since 1809 A.Kh. Vostokov dreams of getting a job in the emerging Public Library. It officially opened in 1814, but work was underway, the staff was recruited - and Vostokov persistently sought admission. Over the course of two and a half years (1809-1811), he came 16 times to the director of the library, A.N. Olenin to inquire about the place. Olenin wrote to the Minister of Education: "Mr. Vostokov has the inability to be very tongue-tied, and this only stopped me in relation to him ..."
In 1814, Alexander Khristoforovich gained access to the library as a reader, and on December 1, 1815, he was hired there as an assistant curator (head) of the Manuscript Department (Manuscript Department). In 1828, Vostokov was appointed to the post of curator, which he held until March 1844, when, already being an academician, he resigned in order to devote himself entirely to scientific activities at the Academy of Sciences.
In the library of Vostokov, I finally got the opportunity to successfully and fruitfully study my favorite science. A large collection of monuments of ancient Slavic and Russian writing ensured the completeness and breadth of his research. The first result of Vostokov's work with sources was published in 1820 "Discourse on the Slavic language, which serves as an introduction to the grammar of this language, compiled from the oldest written monuments." "Reasoning ..." is still called the cornerstone of Slavic philology: Vostokov discovered the ancient Church Slavonic language, pointed out its main distinctive features and defined it as the ancient Bulgarian-Slavic language.
The Czech philologist I. Dobrovsky (we talked about him in an article devoted to the Kraledvorskaya manuscript) recognized the priority of Vostokov's opinion and abandoned his theory of the Serbian-Macedonian origin of the Old Slavic language. Vostokov became a world-renowned scientist, a recognized authority in Slavic philology. On June 5, 1820, for "Reasoning ..." Vostokov was elected a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
But it should be noted that, in parallel with philological research, Alexander Khristoforovich took an active part in organizing the work of the Public Library.
His memoranda on the development of catalogs, one might say, were ahead of their time: for example, he proposed a very progressive at that time refusal to divide the entire catalog by languages: “only for those languages \u200b\u200bspecial catalogs are needed that have a special alphabet, namely for Russian , for Greek, for Hebrew and for other oriental languages. Nevertheless, European languages \u200b\u200busing the Latin alphabet can enter the same directory. "
The public library refused such an offer, but time has confirmed the scientist's rightness: this is how catalogs in foreign languages \u200b\u200bare now organized in our libraries.
The cataloging experience acquired by Vostokov in the Public Library helped him in subsequent works on describing manuscripts in private collections, including the largest one - Rumyantsev. Back in 1822 N.P. Rumyantsev gave Vostokov free use of his library, and later made him a librarian. After the death of Rumyantsev A.Kh. Vostokov was appointed head of the Rumyantsev Museum. He also remained in this post until 1844.
The list of scientific works of Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov is extensive: from huge etymological dictionaries to publications of sources in the Church Slavonic language.
To everyone interested in the life and work of Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov, we recommend the appropriate section of the GPIB subject catalog.
And now let's return to the beginning of the story - to the "Grammar", which this outstanding scientist and frustrated teacher published in 1831.
At the end of the 1820s. Vostokov was instructed by the Ministry of Public Education to compile a textbook on the Russian language. It took three years to prepare the textbook. In 1831 his "Abbreviated grammar for use in lower educational institutions" was published and at the same time "Russian grammar according to the outline of an abbreviated grammar, more fully stated" (the so-called "complete grammar"). Both grammars of Vostokov were compiled on the material of a language that was living for that time. V.G. Belinsky considered Vostokov's grammar to be the best of all until then published. Before the publication of Vostokov's grammar, the grammar of N.I. Grech, compiled on the basis of French and German textbooks. Grech's grammar analyzed not the properties of the living Russian language, but literary speech, which was developed in his works by N.M. Karamzin.
Vostokov's complete grammar was reprinted twelve times (the last edition in 1874) and became the largest contribution to Russian linguistics.
Vostokov's "grammar" consists of four parts: part one - word production, second - word composition, third - spelling, fourth - syllable. Each part consists of several chapters. For example, in the first part there are eight chapters, the titles of which are “On the noun”, “On the adjective”, “On the pronoun”, “On the verb”, etc. Before the separate parts there is also an introduction, which we will gladly quote:
1. Grammar is a guide to the correct use of words in conversation and writing. Words are called the sounds of the voice, with which a person expresses his concepts and feelings.
2. The grammar is general and particular. The General Grammar shows the foundations of speech common to all languages. A particular grammar shows the particular use of a language verbal
and written.
Thus, Russian Grammar teaches you to speak and write Russian correctly.
At a time when the universal theory of the presence of three main members of the sentence: the subject, the predicate and the connective dominated in grammatical science, A.Kh. Vostokov managed to strengthen in grammatical science the doctrine of the two main members of the sentence. In "Russian grammar" for the first time given a complete and deep description of the main forms of word combinations in the Russian language, especially prepositional and unproposal control. OH. Vostokov for the first time - albeit briefly - expounded the doctrine of a simple and complex sentence.
Let's not forget that this was a textbook - a simple and understandable textbook for schoolchildren, in which clearly innovative grammar schemes of the Russian language were systematized and clearly presented.
The merits of this publication were exceptional for their time. V.V. Vinogradov wrote about him like this: “Russian grammar A.Kh. Vostokova continues and deepens the Lomonosov tradition of grammatical research of the Russian language system. An extraordinary laconicism and depth of penetration into the essence of a linguistic phenomenon, the accuracy and simplicity of grammatical generalizations, the ability to separate the main in the grammatical category from accidental admixtures, the coverage of huge material and the ability to select the most essential for presentation - all these features of a linguistic genius with amazing power make themselves felt in Russian grammar of Vostokov, especially in its morphological section ... "
Vostokov's "grammar" had a strong influence on subsequent grammars and their compilers. For example, A.A. Shakhmatov found in her the main support in compiling his "Sketch of the Modern Russian Literary Language" (1911-1912).
You can order editions of "Grammar" of different years from the funds of the SPIB book storage and see for yourself what wonderful work the outstanding scientist did in order to convey his knowledge and understanding of the Russian language to an ordinary student of an ordinary gymnasium of the Russian Empire.
Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov - Slavic philologist, paleographer, poet, translator - born March 16, 1781 in Ahrensburg ( ezel Island). By being the bastard son of the Baron H.N. Osten-Saken, from the age of four he was brought up in Reval, in a strange family, spoke German and Estonian and bore the surname Ostenek (translated into Russian - Vostokov). At the age of eight he entered the gymnasium Land Cadet Corps, where he practically could not study, because, as testified N.I. Grech, it became obvious that "... an intelligent, intelligent, well-behaved boy is possessed by an illness that hinders his mental development: he stuttered to the highest degree. The tongue-tied language, which he suffered all his life, was so strong that he could hardly utter one or two or three words with great difficulty. in a row ... "... In 1794. the young man moved to Academy of Arts, where he studied first in the painting, then in the architecture class. Not showing any special abilities in the fine arts, Vostokov, after completing his studies, decided to go to the library Academy of Sciences assistant librarian.
Thanks to friends, pupils of the gymnasium of the Academy of Sciences, Vostokov became interested in ancient languages, and then in Russian poetry, and began to write poetry himself. In 1805-1806. leave him"Experiments lyric and other small compositions in verse", where, in addition to the literary texts themselves, there were also philological comments. Since 1801. Vostokov - memberFree Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts, among his acquaintances -Radishchev, Izmailov, Born, Parrots, Pnin and etc.
Vostokov's first philological work was comments on the book by I.M. Bourne "A Brief Guide to Russian Literature"... In 1812. In the magazine"St. Petersburg Bulletin" his work came out "Experience of Russian versification", dedicated to the substantiation of the system of Russian versification, organic to the Russian language. Among other things, the author gave a definition of epic verse as a tonic system based on the number of accents. This work mentionedPushkin in "Travels from Moscow to St. Petersburg":"They talked a lot about real Russian verse. A.Kh. Vostokov defined it with great scholarship and sharpness.".
In 1825-1827. in the almanac"Northern flowers" Vostokov published his translations of Serbian songs, the size of which was widely used by Pushkin.
In 1820. in "Proceedings of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature" Vostokov's work came out"Discourse on the Slavic language, serving as an introduction to the grammar of this language, compiled from the oldest written monuments thereof"... In it, for the first time, a comparative historical method of studying the Slavic languages \u200b\u200bwas proposed. The author presented his periodization of the history of the Slavic languages \u200b\u200b(the ancient period - IX-XIII centuries, middle - XIV-XV centuries, new - from the XVI century. ) and established phonetic correspondences between them. The work raised the question of the origin of the Old Slavonic language from Old Bulgarian, it was suggested that the Church Slavonic is an independent language, and not a style of the "Slavic language" (contrary to the positionA.S. Shishkova).
Vostokov's largest contribution to scientific and educational linguistics at the beginning of the 19th century. his works became"Abbreviated Russian grammar for use in lower educational institutions" and "Russian grammar on the outline of an abbreviated grammar, more fully stated", published in 1831. These works became a continuation"Russian grammar" Lomonosov and were of great importance for the further development of Russian morphology and syntax: Vostokov was the first to single out nounssingularia pluralia and tantum, as well as general nouns, expressed new ideas about two-part sentences and a compound predicate. The author used a lively spoken language as the material for the study.
In 1843. the scientist carried out the first scientific publication"Ostromir Gospel" , on the basis of which was later compiled"Dictionary of Church Slavonic" (1858-1861) and "Grammar of the Church Slavonic language" (1863). In addition, Vostokov edited the four-volume"Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian languages" (1847) and "Experience of the Regional Great Russian Dictionary" (1852).
Stuttering prevented the scientist from actively discussing. His wives helped him communicate with the world (Vostokov was married twice: from 1815 - toA.I. Galberg, and after her death, since 1855. - on theHER. Pomo), as well as students -P.I. Preuss and I.I. Sreznevsky.
IN 1864 at the age of 83, Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov died. A year after his death, scattered articles of the scientist were published by I.I. Sreznevsky called"Philological observations".
Bibliography.
Russian philologists of the XIX century: Biobibliographic dictionary-reference book. M.E. Babichev [and others]. - M .: Coincidence, 2006 .-- 432 p.
Famous philologist genus. in Ahrensburg, on the island of Esele, March 16, 1781 in the German family Ostenek. His original spoken language was German; but for seven years, being brought up in Reval with Major Treyblut, he knew Russian and listened to the tales of the garrison sergeant Savely.
Around 1788 the boy was sent to the St. Petersburg land nobility corps, here he was completely Russified and for 13 years he wrote poetry. He showed great ability, but he was hampered a lot by a natural defect - stuttering. In view of this, the authorities transferred him in 1794 to the Academy of Arts, where he learned French. 21 years old Vostokov finished the course and was left as a boarder for three years. But he was not at all attracted to art; he devoted himself to literature and in 1801 he was an active member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and Arts, founded by several young people. The first literary and scientific works appear in the journals of this society. Vostokov... His poems were collected and published under the title: "Lyrical Experiments" (St. Petersburg, 1805-06, 2 hours). They do not represent anything remarkable: artistically, they are very weak, although they are not devoid of thought and sometimes animation, as, for example,; curious is, of course, Vostokov's unsuccessful attempt to write with the same meters that were used in classical poetry. The importance of Vostokov's critical articles, which he wrote as a "censor" of the Society and which were extracted by E. Petukhov, is also of little importance; analysis concerns only the correctness or incorrectness of any expression.
In 1803 he was appointed assistant librarian at the Academy of Arts; in 1804 he was transferred as a translator to the commission for drafting laws; in 1811, remaining in the same place, he was appointed translator for the heraldry, and in 1815 as assistant curator for the Imperial Public Library; in 1818 - senior assistant secretary under the director of the department of spiritual affairs. During this time, Vostokov's vocation as a philologist was already defined. Back in 1808, he added to I. Born's “A Brief Guide to Russian Grammar” - several notes. Then in the "St. Petersburg Bulletin" in 1812 he placed "Experience on Russian versification", later published separately (St. Petersburg, 1817). This work is interesting because here for the first time Vostokov completely correctly determined the size, that is, the stress in the verse of the people.
In 1820, the work of Vostoks appeared, which gave him European fame: "Discourse on the Slavic language, serving as an introduction to the grammar of this language" (in "Proceedings of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow University", vol. XVII). Here Vostokov indicated the chronological place of the monuments of the Church Slavonic language, determined its difference from Old Russian, indicated the meaning of nasal and voiceless vowels, the use of hard vowels after the guttural ones, the presence of yus in Polish, explained the formation of endings in adjectives and discovered the absence of participles in Church Slavonic and finding the achievable mood. The significance of Vostokov's work will be clear from the fact that all the conclusions were complete news not only for Russians, but also for European scientists; only the attainable mood was noted earlier by Dobrovsky under the name of supina. This scientist, who was publishing "Institutiones linguae Slavicae dialecti veteris" at that time, having familiarized himself with Vostokov's work, wanted to destroy the beginning of his work and did not, yielding to Kopitar's convictions.
Russian Academy elected Vostokov member. Other learned societies elected him after her; among other things, the University of Tübingen raised him to the title of Doctor of Philosophy (1825), and the Academy of Sciences to the title of Correspondent (1826).
In 1821 Vostokov again published his poems in 3 parts. Then he was engaged in the description of the manuscripts of the Kiev Metropolitan Eugene, the description of the Lavrentiev list of the Nestorian Chronicle and participated in Köppen's "Bibliographic Sheets", where he placed, among other things, an article on the Suprasl manuscript.
By 1827, his article "Grammatical explanations for three articles of the Freisingen manuscript" (in the "Collection of Slovenian monuments outside Russia"), important both for the impeccable edition of the text and for the still correct comments, belongs to him. The publication of the Vostok legend was of great importance: “The assassination of St. Vyacheslav, Prince of the Czechs "(" Moscow Bulletin ", 1827, no. 17).
Freed from service in various institutions in 1824, Vostokov entered into relations with Count N.P. Rumyantsev and began describing the manuscripts of his collection. After the death of Count Rumyantsev, his collection went to the treasury, and Vostokov in 1828 was appointed to head it. After spending some time as a curator of manuscripts in the Imperial Public Library, Vostokov in 1831 was appointed senior librarian of the Rumyantsev Museum. In the same year he published two grammars: "Abbreviated Russian grammar" and "Russian grammar, according to the outline of the abbreviated grammar, more fully stated." These are remarkable textbooks for their time, in which, however, Vostokov's malleable nature was expressed, who was afraid to go too boldly against the established philological traditions.
In 1841-42. under his editorship published: "Acts of history relating to Russia, extracted from foreign archives and libraries" (2 vols.).
In 1842, the "Description of Russian and Slavic Manuscripts of the Rumyantsev Museum" was published, which has an enormous price; only after this work it became possible to study ancient Russian literature and Russian antiquities.
In 1843, an equally important work was published: "The Ostromir Gospel with the Appendix of the Greek text of the Gospels and with grammatical explanations" (St. Petersburg), which has now lost its meaning due to the new phototypic edition. From the articles during this time, we note the analysis of the Reims Gospel. Of the rest of the works, vocabulary is the most prominent. Back in 1835, he was appointed "a member of the committee for the publication of the alphabetical dictionary"; but he especially took up dictionaries when in 1841 he was appointed an ordinary academician. In 1847, under his editorship, volume II of the "Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian" was published; in 1852 - "Experience of the regional Great Russian language" ("Supplement" to it - St. Petersburg, 1858). Responsibility for these works is largely removed from Vostokov because the 2nd branch of the Academy of Sciences laid its hand on them.
Vostokov's constant occupation for many years was the Slavic-Russian Etymological Dictionary, which remained unpublished. Instead, he published an extensive Dictionary of the Church Slavonic Language (St. Petersburg, 1858-61, 2 volumes). Together with the "Grammar of the Church Slavonic language" (in "Scientific Notes", 1863, VII) this work is a major acquisition of Russian science. These works were the last. On February 8, 1864 Vostokov died and was buried in St. Petersburg. at the Volkovo cemetery.
Merit Vostokov were recognized both in Russia and abroad. In addition to the societies mentioned, he was a member of the Russian branch of the Copenhagen Society of Northern Antiquaries (since 1843), Doctor of the University of Prague (1848), an honorary member of the Society of South Slavic History and Antiquities (1851), a member of the Society of Serbian Literature (1855), an honorary member of universities: Moscow (1855) and Kharkov (1856).
Special philological works were collected by I. Sreznevsky in the book "Philological observations of A. Kh. Vostokov" (St. Petersburg, 1865), where in the preface he also made an assessment of the talented linguist. Vostokov's scholarly correspondence was also published by Sreznevsky (Collection of the II Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, vol. V, issue 2, St. Petersburg, 1873).
In the personality of Vostokov, a remarkable feature is his love for the Russian language, which made him even change his native surname Ostenek to the pseudonym Vostokov.
