Measures to protect surface waters from pollution. Hydrosphere protection

The owners of the patent RU 2338835:

The invention relates to the field of ecology and is intended to reduce the degree of pollution of groundwater during infiltration of precipitation through the thickness of household, industrial and agricultural waste in places of their storage. The invention can be used in housing public utilities, in various industries and in agriculture. The groundwater protection method includes the construction of a contour impervious curtain in combination with surface drainage devices in the form of contour and contour ditches, equipment of a collection tank and drainage of water from the tank. The contour ditch is made with thresholds and equipped with trays with a perforated bottom, and the contour impervious curtain is arranged for the period of precipitation by placing salts containing monovalent potassium or sodium cations in the trays. Water withdrawal from the reservoir is stopped when the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in the water is reached. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce the labor intensity in the construction of contour impervious curtains without reducing their effectiveness in protecting groundwater from pollution in places of storage of solid domestic and industrial waste. 1 ill.

A known method of preventing pollution of groundwater and groundwater (RF patent No. 2141441, IPC B65G 5/00, publ. 20.11.1999) soils and soils with industrial waste and products of accidental emissions and leaks. In this method, an impervious curtain in the form of an arc is created using jet technology in the upper part of the aquifer with a height equal to the height of the polluted stream. The arc with its concave part faces the source of pollution. Removal of pollution is carried out through a well, the section of which is sealed above the aquifer. The method allows to reduce the volume of contaminated water and increase the reliability of groundwater protection.

The disadvantage of the above method is the complexity of the equipment impervious curtain in the ground using jet technology.

The closest to the proposed method of protecting groundwater from pollution is the method of protecting mine workings and pits from groundwater inflows using contour impervious curtains in combination with surface drainage devices, equipment for a collection tank and water drainage from the tank (“Handbook on drainage of rocks”. Under the editorship of I.K. Stanchenko. M .: Nedra, 1984. - P. 184-185, 278 p.). Contour impervious curtains are created by arranging a trench closed along the contour of the excavation and filling it with a low-permeable material (for example, clay). Drainage devices are open ditches located on the inside and outside veils.

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity of the construction of contour impervious curtains.

The invention solves the problem of reducing the complexity in the construction of contour impervious curtains without reducing their effectiveness in protecting groundwater from pollution in places where solid domestic and industrial waste is stored.

To achieve the specified technical result in the known method of groundwater protection, including the construction of a contour impervious curtain in combination with surface drainage devices in the form of contour and contour ditches, equipment for a collection tank and drainage of water from the tank, it is proposed to make a contour ditch with thresholds and equip trays with perforated bottom, and arrange a contour impervious curtain for the period of precipitation by placing salts containing monovalent potassium or sodium cations in trays, and stop draining water from the tank when the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in water is reached.

The method is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a vertical section of the landfill for municipal solid waste and the thickness of the underlying rocks in the direction of the runoff of surface groundwater.

The following designations are adopted in the drawing:

1 - ditch for removal of contour lines surface water;

2 - contour ditch;

3 - contour ditch;

4 - thickness of waste;

5 - infiltrate;

6 - precipitation;

7 - a shaft of soil from ditching;

8 - ground water;

9 - contour impervious curtain;

10 - aquifer;

11 - aquiclude;

12 - reservoir for collecting polluted waters (perfect well);

ΔUGW1 - groundwater level before precipitation;

ΔUGW2 - groundwater level during precipitation.

The method is carried out as follows. Along the contour of the landfill for solid household or other waste 4, closed, concentrically located circumferential ditch 2 and contour ditch 3 are arranged. thickness of the waste 4. Between the ditches 2 and 3 place the shaft 7 of the soil obtained during their penetration. The contour ditch 3 is equipped with trays with a perforated bottom and thresholds (not shown in the drawing), the height and distance between which are determined based on the slope of the bottom of the ditch, in such a way that when the water is completely drained from the ditch, a layer of water remains between the thresholds in all its compartments. For example, the height of the thresholds in the trays can be taken equal to 2/3 of the height of the tray, and the distance between the thresholds can be taken according to the dependence

where l is the distance between thresholds;

h n - threshold height;

J - maximum bottom slope inside the contour ditch.

Before precipitation 6, salt containing monovalent potassium or sodium cations (for example, NaCl) is poured into the compartments of the ditch 3, or the prepared solution is poured. This solution (when placed in a ditch crystalline salt solution is formed during precipitation) penetrates into the aquifer 10 rocks and above the aquiclude 11 along the entire contour of the waste landfill 4, simultaneously with the penetration of the contaminated infiltrate 5 into the soil, an annular closed area 9 is formed with a significantly reduced permeability, which acts as an impervious curtain (according to the data, given on page 247 in Denisov's book "Engineering Geology", Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1960. - 404 p., as well as experiments carried out under laboratory conditions, the permeability of rocks containing even a small amount of clay particles decreases in the presence of monovalent potassium or sodium cations hundreds of times).

During precipitation, groundwater flows around the contour impervious curtain from the outside, without falling into the soil directly located under the waste layer 4. The infiltrate 5, contaminated as a result of passing through the waste layer 4, is collected in the reservoir 12 and is discharged from it by one of the known ways to treatment facilities. Surface runoff outside the landfill is collected by external ditch 2 and then diverted by ditch 1 down the relief.

During and after precipitation, periodically, for example, once a day, a chemical analysis of the water entering the reservoir is performed. Water drainage from the tank is stopped when the concentration of pollutants and salt used to create the impervious curtain drops to allowable norms. The amount of salt required to create a reliable impervious curtain is determined by empirically. After the cessation of water withdrawal from the reservoir, groundwater flows under the landfill in transit.

It is the equipment of the contour ditch with trays with a perforated bottom and thresholds, the installation of a contour impervious curtain for the period of precipitation by placing salts containing monovalent potassium or sodium cations in the trays, conducting a periodic analysis of the water entering the tank, and stopping the drainage of water from the tank when the limit is reached. allowable concentration of pollutants in water allows avoiding groundwater pollution in places of storage of solid domestic and other wastes and significantly reduces the complexity of the construction of a contour impervious curtain.

A method for protecting groundwater from pollution during atmospheric precipitation infiltration at solid domestic and industrial waste landfills, including the construction of a contour impervious curtain in combination with surface drainage devices in the form of contour and contour ditches, equipment of a collection tank and drainage of water from the tank, characterized in that the contour the ditch is made with thresholds and equipped with trays with a perforated bottom, a contour impervious curtain is arranged for the period of precipitation by placing salts containing monovalent potassium or sodium cations in the trays, and water drainage from the tank is stopped when the maximum permissible concentration of pollutants in the water is reached.

Similar patents:

The invention relates to methods non-destructive testing for impervious protection of water management hydrotechnical and hydro-reclamation facilities. .

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods for creating impervious curtains in hydraulic structures, and can be used in the mining industry, mainly in the development of placer mineral deposits, as well as in hydraulic engineering construction.

The invention relates to the protection of groundwater and open streams and is intended to intercept polluted ground flows from storage ponds of production waste, runoff from livestock complexes, leakage of oil and oil products from oil storage facilities, gas stations, removal of pesticides from irrigation fields, such as pesticides, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium, etc.

The invention relates to the field of ecology and environmental management, namely, methods for the conservation of valuable components in the storage of mineral waste, as well as the prevention of contamination of soils, groundwater and atmospheric air with toxic chemicals, in particular, to the creation of sludge storage screens, alluvium maps and dumps that prevent groundwater pollution with toxic components and dusting, with the removal of components, including valuable ones.

The hydrosphere includes all the water bodies of our planet, as well as groundwater, vapors and gases of the atmosphere, and glaciers. These sources are necessary for nature to sustain life. Now the quality of water has deteriorated significantly due to anthropogenic activities. Because of this, we talk about many global problems hydrosphere:

chemical pollution of water;
pollution with garbage and waste;
destruction of flora and fauna living in water bodies;
oil pollution of water;

All these problems are caused by poor quality and insufficient amount of water on the planet. Despite the fact that most of the earth's surface, namely 70.8% is covered with water, not all people have enough drinking water. The fact is that the water of the seas and oceans is too salty and unsuitable for drinking. For this, water from fresh lakes and underground sources is used. Of the world's water reserves, only 1% is contained in fresh water. In theory, another 2% of the water that is in the solid state in glaciers is suitable for drinking if it is thawed and purified.

Water use in industry

Main problems water resources are that they are widely used in industry: metallurgy and mechanical engineering, energy and Food Industry, in agriculture and the chemical industry. Used water is often no longer suitable for further use. Of course, when it is drained, enterprises do not purify it, so agricultural and industrial effluents enter the oceans.

One of the problems of water resources is its use in public utilities. Far from all countries people are provided with water supply, and pipelines leave much to be desired. As for the sewerage and drains, they directly merge into reservoirs without purification.

Relevance of water protection

To solve many problems, it is necessary to protect water resources. This is carried out at the state level, but ordinary people can also contribute:

reduce water consumption in industry;
rational use of water resources;
purify polluted water (industrial and domestic wastewater);
clean up water areas;
eliminate the consequences of accidents polluting water bodies;
save water in everyday use;
do not leave water taps open.

These are the actions to protect water that will help keep our blue planet (from water), and, therefore, will ensure the maintenance of life on earth.

Chemist's Handbook 21

Chemistry and chemical technology

Waste water pollution protection

The presence of water in oxidation gases can be the reason for the formation Wastewater and pollution of the water basin, the oxidation gases are cooled before being released into the atmosphere or supplied to the neutralization stage, while water condenses in a mixture with hydrocarbons. Using water to cool pumps. compressors and in water coolers are also a source of pollution in the water basin. However, this type of pollution is much smaller in quantitative terms and, moreover, is inherent in oil refining as a whole, i.e., the problem should be considered in terms of the overall protection of the water basin from pollution by oil refineries.

For electrochemical protection against corrosion of tanks. reactor vessels, transport devices or pipelines in the chemical and oil refining industries often have to deal with highly corrosive environments. There are media ranging from ordinary fresh and more or less polluted river, brackish and sea water (often used for cooling) or reaction solutions and wastewater from chemical production to strong brines that must be stored and transported during oil production. Is it advisable even in the presence of significant corrosive influencing factors to test electrochemical protection and which method can best be applied - it depends on the specific conditions in each individual case. So, in the presence of materials that can be passivated in appropriate media, in addition to the well-known cathodic protection, the question of the applicability of anode protection can also be raised. This method can be successfully applied in those cases when the free corrosion potential, due to the too weak oxidizing effect of the medium, is located in the region of active corrosion, but when an anode current is applied from an external source, it can be easily shifted to the region of passivity and maintained at this level (see Section 2.3). .1.2 and Fig. 2.12).

When designing the sewerage of an industrial enterprise, the issue of separating or combining individual drains is one of the most relevant, since the cost of building sewer structures depends on this. cost-effectiveness of their operation, the possibility of extracting and utilizing valuable substances and the reliability of protecting water bodies (sewage receivers) from pollution. Naturally, there can be no standard solutions in the matter of combining or separating individual drains. In each case, a thorough analysis of all factors is carried out.

The discharge of contaminated formation waters into open water bodies is unacceptable due to sanitary standards. and the construction of storage ponds and evaporation ponds for their collection and storage requires high costs. When discharged into water bodies, such waters are subject to mandatory treatment. Utilization of oilfield wastewater to maintain reservoir pressures at developed oil fields will allow to have permanent source water and at the same time solve the problem of protecting water bodies from pollution by sewage. The most widely used in the oil and gas industry is the simplest and most cheap way- sludge in settling tanks. However, this method does not provide the required degree of purification.

In the last 20-30 years, due to the rapid development of technology and, consequently, an increase in the load on the metal (temperature, mechanical stress, aggressiveness of media, etc.), corrosion has become a national problem for all industries. developed countries. In the Soviet Union, the annual direct losses from corrosion are comparable to the investments of our state in the largest industries. National economy. The indirect losses are much higher. Along with direct and indirect losses, there are almost always consequences of corrosion that cannot be assessed economically, environmental pollution (as a result of leakage of gases, oil products, sewage, etc.), accidents in industry and transport, depletion of natural resources. decrease in soil fertility, etc. Given the importance of the problem of protecting metals from corrosion, the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1978 adopted a special resolution on the organization of anti-corrosion service in the country. which outlines a set of measures aimed at extending the service life of metallic materials.

An important part of the task of protecting the environment from domestic and industrial pollution is the problem of domestic wastewater treatment. The contribution of this type of pollution is constantly increasing both due to cottage construction and transportation. One of the most promising methods for local treatment of domestic wastewater is the use of biological products capable of mineralizing organic substances contained in wastewater.

Environmental protection during the production and use of CMC is a must. The continuously increasing production and consumption of CMC and surfactants increase the pollution of water bodies. most efficient and economical method wastewater treatment is a biochemical method.

During wet cleaning, wastewater containing dispersed particles captured from the gas is formed. If the latter can cause environmental pollution. it is necessary to provide for their separation in settling tanks or cyclone-type devices. In this case, the clarified liquid is reused for wet cleaning. In this way, the environment is protected from pollution and fresh water is saved at the same time. which is required only for replenishment in the amount lost with sludge. Reuse clarified liquid makes it economically feasible to separate particles from the liquid even in cases where they are harmless to the environment.

Phosphorus production can serve as an example of drainless technology without pollution of rivers and reservoirs. The available data confirm that the treatment of effluents from phosphorus production plants is ineffective and does not protect water bodies from pollution. At the same time, it has been established that soluble wastewater impurities do not adversely affect technological processes and production products. The noted features served as the basis for drainless production. the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 4.12. According to this scheme, the addition of fresh water from the water supply source is provided only for feeding the circulating cooling system of the apparatus. water supply for the boiler house and for domestic

In the diagram shown in fig. 11.1 summarizes the processes used in conventional municipal wastewater treatment. The preliminary stages of cleaning include the retention of large debris (using screens) and the removal of sand to protect mechanical equipment from abrasion. In addition, they measure the flow of incoming wastewater and raise it with pumps to the desired elevation above ground level. Precipitation removes precipitated organic matter. components of 30-50% of suspended solids contained in wastewater, as well as floating pollution

When designing the sewerage of an industrial enterprise, the question of the need or expediency of separating or combining individual effluents into one or more streams is one of the most relevant. The number of local installations and their performance, the number of networks and their throughput etc. Ultimately, the cost of building sewer facilities depends on the solution of this issue. cost-effectiveness of their operation, reliability of protection of the reservoir - the receiver of sewage. water - from pollution. The possibility of extracting and utilizing valuable substances from wastewater and, consequently, increasing the profitability of production also depends on the solution of this issue.

A significant amount of oil impurities is formed in the wastewater of shipyards, which, as a rule, are designed and built in our country during the period when there were practically no environmental requirements for wastewater. Therefore, it is advisable to take into account the methods of electrical processing when designing new complex technological schemes for coastal enterprises. providing deep treatment of industrial wastewater in industrial water supply. excluding the discharge of polluted wastewater in the water area. The technology of using water in the main production and treatment of industrial wastewater should] be linked to the technology rational use production resources. The absence in such projects of wastewater discharge into the water area does not exclude irretrievable water losses, which can be compensated by accumulating surface wastewater. This allows not only to protect the water area from pollution, but also to reduce water consumption at enterprises. If it is impossible to create a completely closed water supply system for a ship repair enterprise, the goal should be to create local drainless systems of individual workshops and sections.

The rational use and protection of water resources ensures the implementation of measures to reduce the volume of wastewater, reduce the level of pollution for subsequent use for the production needs of enterprises and in agriculture. as well as the implementation effective ways wastewater treatment (up to regulatory requirements) before they are released into water bodies. To protect the air basin sources of emissions harmful substances equipped with dust collection equipment. carrying out work to extinguish burning rock heaps, smashing overburden into flat dumps, while reducing (and even eliminating) the likelihood of their spontaneous combustion. The industry has developed and applied various methods and methods for effective reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations, both at the technical and biological stages.

Back in December 1978, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a decision on additional measures to strengthen nature protection and improve the use of natural resources. This resolution also outlines a set of measures aimed at protecting water bodies from pollution and depletion, introducing low-waste technological processes. development of new methods and facilities for the treatment of industrial and urban wastewater.

Local treatment facilities for surface wastewater of individual enterprises are not always used efficiently enough, their operation is also not always carried out at a high technical level, as a result of which proper protection of water bodies from pollution is not ensured. Group facilities are more reliable, in which surface runoff is cleaned together with industrial wastewater similar to them in terms of pollution composition. In this case, mechanical and chemical cleaning methods should be used.

In the current situation, the most effective method of neutralizing oil products that have entered the wastewater and soil are biotechnologies, which are based on the oxidation of oil products by microorganisms that can use oil products as an energy source. In this way. the biological cycle is the breakdown of hydrocarbons. polluting the soil, microorganisms, that is, their mineralization with subsequent humification. The created system of bio-oxidation, adapted to a specific oil storage facility, contributes to the restoration of disturbed ecological balance. However, the key point when choosing a cleaning method and necessary equipment is ecological monitoring of the environment. including a comprehensive analysis of pollution from technological installations production. Therefore, the search for new technologies for protecting the lithosphere from hydrocarbon pollution is vital.

Uncontrolled industrial wastewater may contain corrosive or toxic compounds. For example, the presence of sulfur compounds and heat waste water can contribute to the bacterial formation of sulfates that cause corrosion of the shell sewer pipes. Acidic effluents corrode the bottom of the pipes, and if they are not diluted properly with water, they can interfere with the cleaning process. Toxic metal ions, such as chromium and zinc, and some organic substances, even in small concentrations, can lead to the inhibition of biological processes of water purification and anaerobic digestion of sediments. Dissolved salts and substances that give color and odor to water are only partially removed traditional methods cleaning. Protection of a natural reservoir from such pollution comes down to local wastewater treatment at industrial enterprise instead of dumping them in sewer system. Waste brines are examples of such effluents. dyes and phenols. Where industrial effluents are unstable, it is advisable to install averaging tanks to prevent impulse loads on the treatment plant. In addition to neutralizing and diluting effluent, pre-treatment through averaging helps to stabilize flow and prevent sudden high hydraulic loads.

See pages where the term is mentioned Waste water pollution protection. Occupational safety and fire protection in the chemical industry (1982) -- [ c.6 ]

Surface waters are protected from clogging, pollution and depletion. To prevent clogging, measures are taken to prevent the ingress of various solid wastes and other objects into surface water bodies and rivers. The depletion of surface water is prevented by strictly controlling the minimum allowable runoff of water.

The most important and most difficult problem- protection of surface waters from pollution, for which the following environmental protection measures are envisaged:

· development of non-waste and waterless technologies and water recycling systems;

· sewage treatment (industrial, domestic, etc.);

· injection of sewage into deep aquifers;

· Purification and disinfection of surface waters used for water supply and other purposes.

The main pollutant of surface waters is sewage, so the development and implementation of effective wastewater treatment methods is an environmentally very important task. Most in an efficient way protection of surface waters from pollution by sewage are anhydrous and wasteless technologies. At the initial stage, a circulating water supply is created. His system includes a number treatment facilities and installations, which creates a closed cycle for the use of wastewater, which, with this method, is always in circulation and does not enter surface water bodies.

Due to the huge variety of composition of wastewater, there are various ways their purification: mechanical, physico-chemical, chemical, biological, etc. The purification can be carried out by any one or combined methods, with the treatment of sludge (or excess biomass) and disinfection of wastewater before discharging them into a reservoir.

During mechanical cleaning, up to 90% of insoluble mechanical impurities are removed from industrial waste, by straining, settling and filtering: sand, clay particles, scale, etc., and up to 60% from domestic wastewater. For these purposes, gratings, sand traps, sand filters, sedimentation tanks are used. various types. Substances floating on the surface of wastewater (oil, resins, oils, fats, polymers, etc.) are retained by oil and oil traps and other types of traps or burned out.

To the main chemical methods include neutralization and oxidation. To neutralize acids and alkalis, special reagents (lime, soda ash, ammonia) are introduced into wastewater, in the second - various oxidizing agents that free wastewater from toxic and other components.

At physical and chemical treatment waste water are used:

· coagulation - the introduction of coagulants (salts of ammonium, iron, copper, sludge waste, etc.) to form easily removable flakes;

sorption - the ability of certain substances (bentonite clay, activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, peat, etc.) to absorb pollution;

· flotation - the passage of air through wastewater. Gas bubbles capture surfactants, oil, oils, etc. as they move upwards and form an easily removable foamy layer on the surface of the water.

Biological (biochemical) method is based on the ability of artificially introduced microorganisms to use organic and some inorganic compounds from wastewater (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrite, etc.). Cleaning is carried out using natural methods (irrigation fields, filtration fields, bioponds, etc.) and artificial methods(aerotanks, metatanks, biofilters, circulating oxidizing channels).

After clarification of wastewater, a precipitate is formed, which is fermented in reinforced concrete tanks (metatanks), and then removed to sludge sites for drying. The dried sludge cannot be used as a fertilizer, since many harmful substances (heavy metals, etc.) are often found in wastewater, which excludes this method of sludge disposal.

The clarified part of the wastewater is treated in aeration tanks - special closed tanks through which wastewater enriched with oxygen and mixed with activated sludge is passed. Activated sludge is a collection of heterotrophic microorganisms and small invertebrates (molds, yeasts, aquatic fungi, rotifers, etc.), as well as a solid substrate.

After secondary settling, wastewater is disinfected (disinfected) using chlorine compounds or other strong oxidizing agents. With this method (chlorination), pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed, after which the water can be used in circulating water supply or discharged into surface water bodies.

V last years new effective methods are being actively developed that contribute to the greening of wastewater treatment processes:

· electrochemical methods based on the processes of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, electrocoagulation and electroflotation;

Membrane purification processes (ultrafilters, electrodialysis, etc.);

· magnetic treatment, which improves the flotation of the known particles;

· radiation purification of water, which makes it possible to subject pollutants to oxidation, coagulation and decomposition in the shortest possible time;

· ozonation, in which wastewater does not form substances that adversely affect natural biochemical processes;

· introduction of new selective types of sorbents for the selective separation of useful components from wastewater for the purpose of recycling.

With all methods of wastewater treatment, from an environmental point of view, the treatment and disposal of the resulting sludge and sediments is very important (especially when treating toxic industrial wastewater). For this purpose, they are stored in special landfills, processed in biological facilities, processed with the help of plants (hyacinths, reeds, etc.) or burned in special furnaces.

Similar information.

Water is the most valuable natural resource. Its role is participation in the process of metabolism of all substances that are the basis of any life form. It is impossible to imagine the activity of industrial, agricultural enterprises without the use of water, it is indispensable in human everyday life. Everyone needs water: people, animals, plants. For some, it is a habitat.

The rapid development of human life, the inefficient use of resources has led to the fact that e environmental problems (including water pollution) have become too acute. Their solution is in the first place for humanity. Scientists, environmentalists around the world are sounding the alarm and trying to find a solution to the world problem

Sources of water pollution

There are many reasons for pollution, and not always the human factor is to blame. Natural disasters also harm clean water bodies and disrupt the ecological balance.

The most common sources of water pollution are:

Industrial, domestic waste water. Having not passed the system of purification from chemical harmful substances, they, getting into the reservoir, provoke an ecological catastrophe.

Tertiary cleaning. Water is treated with powders, special formulations, multi-stage filtered by killing harmful organisms and destroying other substances. It is used for domestic needs of citizens, as well as in the food industry, in agriculture.

- radioactive contamination of water

The main sources that pollute the oceans include the following radioactive factors:

nuclear weapons testing;
dumping of radioactive waste;
major accidents (ships with nuclear reactors, Chernobyl);
burial at the bottom of the oceans, seas of radioactive waste.

Environmental problems and water pollution are directly related to radioactive waste contamination. For example, French and British nuclear plants have infected almost the entire North Atlantic. Our country has become the culprit of the pollution of the Arctic Ocean. Three nuclear underground reactors, as well as the production of Krasnoyarsk-26, clogged the largest river, the Yenisei. It is obvious that radioactive products got into the ocean.

Pollution of world waters with radionuclides

The problem of pollution of the waters of the oceans is acute. Let us briefly list the most dangerous radionuclides that fall into it: cesium-137; cerium-144; strontium-90; niobium-95; yttrium-91. All of them have a high bioaccumulative capacity, move along food chains and concentrate in marine organisms. This creates a danger for both humans and aquatic organisms.

The water areas of the Arctic seas are heavily polluted by various sources of radionuclides. People carelessly dump hazardous waste into the ocean, thereby turning it into a dead one. Man must have forgotten that the ocean is the main wealth of the earth. It has powerful biological and mineral resources. And if we want to survive, we must urgently take measures to save him.

Solutions

Rational consumption of water, protection from pollution are the main tasks of mankind. Ways to solve environmental problems of water pollution lead to the fact that, first of all, much attention should be paid to the discharge of hazardous substances into rivers. On an industrial scale, it is necessary to improve wastewater treatment technologies. In Russia, it is necessary to introduce a law that would increase the collection of fees for discharges. The proceeds should be directed to the development and construction of new environmental technologies. For the smallest emissions, the fee should be reduced, this will serve as a motivation for maintaining a healthy environmental situation.

An important role in solving environmental problems is played by the upbringing of the younger generation. WITH early years It is necessary to teach children to respect, love for nature. Inspire them that the Earth is ours big house, for the order in which each person is responsible. Water must be protected, not poured thoughtlessly, try to prevent foreign objects and harmful substances from getting into the sewer.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that Russian environmental problems and water pollution concern, perhaps, everyone. The thoughtless waste of water resources, the littering of rivers with various garbage has led to the fact that there are very few clean, safe corners left in nature.Ecologists have become much more vigilant, multiple measures are being taken to restore order in environment. If each of us thinks about the consequences of our barbaric, consumer attitude, the situation can be corrected. Only together will humanity be able to save water bodies, the World Ocean and, possibly, the lives of future generations.