Pasternak Early years. Biography Boris Pasternaka

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (January 29 (February 10) 1890, Moscow, Russian empire - May 30, 1960, Peredelkino, Moscow region, USSR) - Russian poet and writer of Jewish origin, Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1958).

Life and art

The future poet was born in Moscow in an intelligent Jewish family. Pasternak's parents, father - artist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts Leonid Osipovich (Isaac Iosifovich) Pasternak and mother - Pianist Rosalia Isidovna Pasternak (nee Rain Srulevna Kaufman, 1868-1939), moved to Moscow from Odessa in 1889, a year before his birth . In addition to the older, Boris, Alexander (1893-1982), Josephine (1900-1993) and Lydia (1902-1989) were born in Pasternak family (1900-1989).
The Pasternak family supported friendship with famous artists (I. I. Levitan, M. V. Nesterov, V. D. Polenov, S. Ivanov, N. N. Ge), the musicians and writers were in the house, including Lion Tolstoy. In 1900, Rainer Rilke met the family of Pasternakov during a second visit to Moscow. At 13, under the influence of the composer A. N. Scriabin, Pasternak became interested in music, which was engaged in six years (two Sonatas written to the piano) were preserved.
In 1903, when a horse fell from a horse, I broke my leg and because of the wrong accretion (the light chromoty, which Pasternak hid, remained for life) was released from military service. In the future, the poet paid special attention This episode as the awakening of his creative forces (he took place 6 (19) of August, on the day of transformation - Wed. Latest poem "August"). In 1905, he fell under the Cossack Nagayki - the episode entered into the books of Pasternak.
In 1900, Pasternak was not admitted to the fifth gymnasium (now Moscow School No. 91) due to the interest rate rate, but at the proposal of the director for the next 1901 he entered the second class at once. From 1906 to 1908 in the fifth gymnasium for two classes younger than Pasternak, Vladimir Mayakovsky studied with his brother Pasternak, Vladimir Mayakovsky studied. Pasternak graduated from the gymnasium with a gold medal and all higher scallers, except the law of God, from whom he was released. After a series of oscillations, he abandoned the career of a professional musician and composer. In 1908, he entered the legal department of the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University (later translated into philosophical). In the summer of 1912 he studied philosophy at the University of Marburg in Germany at the head of the Marburg Neokantian school prof. German Kogen. At the same time, made a proposal to Vysotsky, but received a refusal, as described in the poem "Marburg". In 1912, together with parents and sisters, Venice is visited, which was reflected in his verses of that time. Seen in Germany with Kuzina Olga Freudenberg. With her, it was associated with a long-term friendship and correspondence.
After a trip to Marburg Pasternak refused to further focus on philosophical classes. At the same time, he begins to enter the circles of Moscow writers. He participated in meetings a circle of the symbolist publishing house "Musaget", then in the literary and artistic circle of Julian Anisimov and the faith of Stalevich, from which the short-lived post Ssympolistric group "Lyrics" rose. Since 1914, Pasternak was adjacent to the community of futurists "Centrifuge" (which also included other former participants of the "Lyrics" - Nikolay Aseev and Sergey Bobrov). In the same year, it becomes close to another futurist - Vladimir Mayakovsky, whose personality and creativity had a certain influence on him. Later, in the 1920s, Pasternak supported links with the Mayakovsky LEF group, but in general after the revolution held an independent position without entering any associations.
The first poems of Pasternak were published in 1913 (a collective collection of the Lyric Group), the first book - the "twin in the clouds" - at the end of the same year (on the cover of 1914), was perceived by the Pasternak himself as immature. In 1928, half of the poems "Twins in Tsuchi" and three poems from the collection of the Lyric Group were combined by Pasternak to the "initial time" cycle and were strongly reworked (some are actually rewritten completely); The remaining early experiments during the lifetime of Pasternak were not reissued. Nevertheless, it was after the "twin in clouds" Pasternak began to realize himself with a professional writer.
In 1916, a collection "On top of the barriers" was released. Fearing a possible call to the army, the winter of 1916 Pasternak spent in the Urals, under the city of Alexander Perm province, adopting an invitation to work in the office of the manager of Vsevolodo-Villeneski chemical plants B. I. Zbarsky Assistant business correspondence and trade and financial statements. The view is widespread that the prototype of the city of Yuichatina from Dr. Zhivago is the city of Perm, located near the village of Vsevolodovo-Ville.
Pasternak's parents and his sisters leave in 1921 soviet Russia According to the personal petition of A. V. Lunacharky and justified in Berlin. The active correspondence of Pasternak with them and Russian emigration circles in general, in particular, with the Tsvetaeva marina, and through it - with R.-M. Rilke. In 1922, Pasternak marries the artist Evgenia Lurie, who spends visiting the parents in Berlin the second half of the year and the whole winter of 1922-23. In the same 1922, the program book of the poet "My Sister - Life" comes, most of whose poems were written in the summer of 1917. In the next 1923, the son of Eugene is born in the family of Pasternakov.
In the 20s, a collection of "Topics and Variations" (1923) was also created, the novel in the verses "SPECKSKIY" (1925), the cycle "High illness", the poems "nine hundred and fifth year" and "Lieutenant Schmidt". In 1928, Pasternak appeals to prose. By the 1930th year, he finishes the autobiographical notes "Security Gremotes", where its principled views on art and creativity are posted.
At the end of the 20s - the beginning of the 1930s accounts for a short period of official Soviet recognition of Pasternak's creativity. He takes an active part in the activities of the Union of Writers of the USSR and in 1934 speaks with a speech at its first congress, on which N. I. Bukharin called upon officially name Pasternak as the best poet Soviet Union. His big one-year term from 1933 to 1936 is reprinted annually.
Having become acquainted with Zinaida Nikolaevna Negauz (in the Maiden Eremeeva, 1897-1966), while the wife of Pianist G. G. Nugauz, together with her in 1931 Pasternak takes a trip to Georgia, where he gets acquainted with Poets T. Tabidze, P. Yashvili. Interrupted the first marriage, in 1932, Pasternak marries Z. N. Negauz. In the same year, his book "The Second Birth" comes out - the attempt of Pasternak to join the spirit of that time. In 1938, the son of Leonid's son is born in the second marriage of Pasternak.
In 1935, Pasternak participates in the work of the International Congress of Writers passing in Paris in Paris, where a nervous breakdown happens to him (his last trip abroad). In January 1936, Pasternak publishes two poems facing the words of admiration for I. V. Stalin, however, by the middle of 1936, the attitude of the authorities to him changes - it is reproached not only in "extension from life", but also in "worldview, not The corresponding era, "and unconditionally require thematic and ideological restructuring. This leads to the first long strip of alienation of Pasternak from official literature. As interest to Soviet power weakens, Pasternak poems acquire a more personal and tragic shade. By the end of the 30s, he addresses prose and translations, which in the 40s become the main source of its earnings. At that time, Pasternak creates the classic translations of many tragedies of Shakespeare, "Fausta" Goethe, "Mary Stuart" F. Schiller.
In 1935, Pasternak stood up for her husband and son Akhmatova, who were released from prison after letters Stalin Pasternak and Akhmatova. In 1937, there is a huge civilian courage - refuses to sign a letter with the approval of the shooting of Tukhachevsky and others, the house of the repressed Pilnyak demonstrately visits the house. 1942-1943 held in evacuation in chistopol. Helped a monetary to many people, including the daughters of Marina Tsvetaeva.
In 1952, Pasternak had the first heart attack described in the poem "in the hospital", a full deep religious feeling:

"Doctor Zhivago"

Roman "Dr. Zhivago" was created for ten years, from 1945 to 1955. Being, according to the writer himself, the top of his creativity as a prose, the novel is a wide linen of the life of the Russian intelligentsia against the background of the dramatic period from the beginning of the century to Civil War. Roman is permeated with high poetics, accompanied by verses of the main character - Yuri Andreevich Zhivago. Roman affecting intimate questions human life - Secrets of life and death, issues of history, Christianity, Jews, was sharply negatively met by the Soviet literary medium, rejected the press due to the author's ambiguous position to the October coup and subsequent changes in the life of the country. So, for example, E. G. Kazakevich, by that time, the editor-in-chief of the magazine "Literary Moscow", after reading the novel, said: "It turns out that I judge the novel, the October Revolution is a misunderstanding and it was better not to do it", K. M. Simonov The editor-in-chief of the New World, also responded with refusal: "You can not give Pasternak!". Publication of the novel in the West - first in Italy in 1957 by the prommunistically tuned publishing house of Frangenelli, and then in the UK, with mediation famous philosopher And Sir Isaiai Diplomat Berlin - led to the real injury of Pasternak in the Soviet press, excluding him from the Union of Writers of the USSR, frank insults to his address from the pages of Soviet newspapers, at the feasible meetings. The Moscow Organization of the Union of Writers of the USSR, following the Board of the Union of Writers, demanded the expulsion of Pasternak from the Soviet Union and deprivation of his Soviet citizenship. Among the writers who demanded the expulsions were L. I. Oshanin, A. Izmansky, B. A. Slutsky, S. A. Bajadin, B. N. Polevoy and many others (see the transcript of the meeting of the General Social Assembly of Writers in the "Links" section ). It should be noted that a negative attitude towards the novel was expressed by some Russian writers in the West, including V. V. Nabokov.

Nobel Prize

From 1946 to 1950, Pasternak was summed up annually for the court of the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1958, his candidacy was offered last year's laureate Albert CamiAnd Pasternak became the second writer from Russia (after I. A. Bunin), awarded this award.
The award of the award was perceived by Soviet propaganda as a reason to strengthen the injury. In the Writer's environment, this fact was also perceived negatively. This is what Sergey Smirnov said about the premium presentation:
... that they managed not to notice Tolstoy, Gorky, Mayakovsky, Sholokhov, but they noticed Bunin. And only if he became an emigrant, and only because he became an emigrant and the enemy of the Soviet people.
Despite the fact that the premium was awarded to Pasternak "For significant achievements in modern lyrical poetry, as well as for the continuation of the traditions of the great Russian epic novel," she had to remember the efforts of the official Soviet authorities only as firmly related to the novel "Dr. Zhivago", Anti-Soviet The essence of which was constantly detected at that time agitators, literary critics, lecturers of the Society "Knowledge". Pasternak was also provided with personal pressure, which, ultimately, forced him to abandon the award. In the telegram sent to the Swedish Academy, Pasternak wrote: "By virtue of the value that I received awarded award in society, to which I belong, I should refuse it. Do not think for insulting my voluntary failure. "
Despite the exception from the Union of Writers of the USSR, Pasternak continues to be a member of a lithofand, receive fees, publish. Due to the Nobel Prize published in the west, he was summoned to the Prosecutor General of the USSR R. A. Rudenko in February 1959, where he was charged under Article 64 of "Treason Motherland", but no consequences for him had this event maybe because the poem was published without his permission.
In the summer of 1959, Pasternak begins work on the remaining unfinished play "blind beauty", but soon the disease (cancer lungs) in the last months of life is causing him to bed.
Dmitry Bykov, Biographer Pasternak, believes that the disease has developed on the nervous soil during the etching and imposes responsibility for the death of Boris Leonidovich.
Pasternak died of gastric cancer on May 30, 1960 in Peredelkin. Hundreds of people (among them N. Korzhavin, B. Sh. Ocudzhava, A. A. A. Voznesensky) came on June 2, 1960 on his funeral, despite the Poet opal.

After death

Zinaida Nikolaevna Pasternak died in 1966 from the same illness as her husband. Soviet government refused to give her a pension, despite the petitions of many famous writers; She is buried in Peredelkin. Cyne Leonid Borisovich died in 1976 at the age of Dr. Zhivago.
Evgenia Vladimirovna Pasternak died in 1965.
In 1987, the decision to exclude Pasternak from the Writers' Union was canceled, in 1988, "Dr. Zhivago" was first printed in the USSR ("New World"), in 1989, the diploma and the medal of the Nobel laureate were awarded in Stockholm the son of the poet - E. B . Pasternaku. Under his own editors, several collections of the composition of the poet were published, in recent years there are numerous compilations, memories and materials for the biography of the writer in recent years.
Boris Pasternak 4 grandson and ten great-grandchildren.
"Dr. Zhivago" was shielded in the United States in 1965 by the director David Lin and in 2002 by Director of Giacomo Capripotti, in Russia in 2005, A. Peskanna.

Museums

The first State Museum of Boris Pasternak in Russia was opened in 1990 in Chistopol, where he lived in evacuation during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1943).
The State House Museum B. L. Pasternak acts in Peredelkin, in the house where the writer held the last years of life. A tombstone monument of the poet in Peredelkin in the last two decades was subjected to repeated desecration. In Moscow, at home in Lavrushinsky Lane, in which for a long time Pasternak lived, a memorial bottle of his memory is installed.

Bibliography

2005 - In October, the "Word" publisher released the first in the history of the writer, the full collected works in 11 volumes with a total circulation of 5,000 copies. The assembly was compiled by the son of the poet E. B. Pasternak and his wife E. V. Pasternak. Introductory article wrote Lazar Flashman.
The first two volumes of the assembly contained poems, the third - a story, articles, essays, the fourth - Roman "Dr. Zhivago", the fifth - journalism and dramaturgy, the sixth - poetic transfers. Extensive correspondence of the poet occupied four volumes (only 1675 letters). In the last, eleventh, there are memories of contemporaries about B. L. Pasternak.
The publication is accompanied by a multimedia disk, which contains the records of Boris Pasternak, reading his poems, his music, translations of dramatic works that have not included in the main assembly.
The full assembly included the draft edits "Dr. Zhivago", including fragments and options rejected by the author, the first editorial office of the transfer of "Hamlet", released excerpts from the Lieutenant Schmidt poem, unknown moderates from the poem "SPECKSKIA", translations from the Belgian poet Charles Wang Lerberg.
Postal Card of the USSR with the original brand, artist Y. Arzimenev, 1990
"When walking" - the cycle of Pasternak poems - completely issued posthumously in the "Favorites" (M., 1961).
"On early trains" - the book of Pasternak poems, first published in 1943.

According to Wikipedia

Name: Boris Pasternak (Boris Pasternak)

Age: 70 years old

Place of Birth: Moscow

Place of death: Peredelkino

Activity: poet, Writer, Prose, Translator

Family status: was married

Boris Pasternak - Biography

Surname Pasternak is well known in literary circles, he is not only a poet, prose, but also a translator. The development of his talent and the beginning of a creative biography was largely given by his father. To reveal the writer's gift, you need to start a story from the children's years Boris Leonidovich.

Childhood, family poet

Love the love of art Boris, of course, his parents. The mother played his piano perfectly, his father was a famous artist, he was friends with Lvi-Nikolayevich Tolstoy, made an illustration of his works. Leonid learned from his father to imprint the moments, and the mother selflessly love his business. The creative atmosphere reigned in the family from childhood. Home concerts were held on high level With the invitation of real professionals, musicians.

Composer Alexander Scriabin participated in such creative events. Little Bore, according to the parents, was destined to become a musician, he was engaged in the conservatory. The unexpected passion for philosophy served as a reason to stop the music.

Boris Pasternak - Study

Philosophy has seized Boris so much that he decides to study at the philosophical department of Moscow University. For this, the mother sends it to Germany to the city, which was engaged in learning with a philosophical bias. Everything worked at Boris fine, but, apparently, the philosophy was also not for him, and he was prepared quite another in the biography.

Boris Pasternak - Poems, Poetry

Failing love for the first time, having experienced a strong passion, the future poet is fond of writing poems. It turned out to be stronger than him, his favorite philosophy helped him to determine the new condition - the art of poetry. Returning to Moscow, it gets closer to other novice poets. They create their own narrow group "Centrifuge", Pasternak meets Vladimir Mayakovsky, who helped Boris find his gaze on the poetic world.

The war began, she went 1914, but the novice poet did not take to the front because of the serious injury of the leg obtained in orphanage. Then he settled on a military plant, worked in the library. The family because of the emigration of parents to Germany was divided, Boris with his brother remained to live in Moscow. In 1922, the poet was published by the book, the most diverse on the subject of the poems entered into it: nature, love, revolution. Everything that the poet writes, acquires a human living appearance.

Pasternak - Feature of poetry

Creativity Pasternak, one way or another, studied all his poets-contemporaries. He fell under the influence of its poetic dreams. But the revolutionary time was underestimated in someone's dreams. Its poetry can not be able to become the necessary anxious era of Russia, the syntactic structures become a bulk, the formulation is simple. The works of the poet are not printed, but to survive, he is engaged in translations.

His feather touched Creativity Goethe, Schiller, Bairon. The war stuck patriotic feelings of Pasternak, he writes poems about the war. But the author attracts prose. It not only delays him into its networks, but it turns out perfectly. I like critics, they give a wonderful assessment of the first story Boris Leonidovich. It is then born in many ways the autobiographical novel "Dr. Zhivago". In 1958, Pasternak award Nobel Prize.

Boris Pasternak - Biography of Personal Life

To understand the prose of Pasternak, you need to know everything about his life, about the Muse, which gave him inspiration for creativity. 1922 - Marriage Boris. He took in the wives artist Evgeny LurierIt was tenderness and femininity, the desire for goal and independence. It not only conquered a poet as a man, but also gave the opportunity to create. A year later, the son of Eugene appeared.

Nishchenskoe existence and the desire of his wife to make an artist's career, pushed the family man from the inside. Pulled oil into the fire of the poet's correspondence with Marina Tsvetaeva. The wife suits the scene of jealousy, and living in marriage for 10 years, Pasternak breaks his first relationships and marries another woman.

The marriage lasts for a long time, another son of the poet is born, but unfortunately, the spouse died from cancer tumor. It was Zinaida Nugauz managed to show what the present looks like family happiness. The woman had two children already, but it did not stop the poet in love. Everything was good, but Pasternak cooled to his passionately beloved once his wife. Already after the Great Patriotic War, Boris Leonidovich meets the one who inspired the poet, it was dedicated to her a lot poetic works.

Olga Ivinskaya worked as the editor of the magazine " New world" He rushed between two women, life put it before choosing. During this period, the poet was in the opal of the authorities, for acquaintance with him a new Passion of the poet sent for five years to the camp. Boris strongly helps Olga family.

Serious heart attack laid a poet to bed. Ivinskaya did not leave his bed, recorded everything he said. There were no facts of treason Pasternak, but it could not be faithful to some kind of woman, since he possessed in nature, which is peculiar to all creative people.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was born January 19 (February 10) 1890 in Moscow. B. Pasternak - Son Academician of Painting L.O. Pasternak and talented pianist R.I. Kaufman.

Having brought up in a professional artistic family, Pasternak early found artistic addiction. As a child, he was well painted; Under the influence of A.N. Scriabin was engaged in a musical composition. In 1909.refused the profession of the musician and in the same year he entered the Historical and Philosophical Faculty of Moscow University; in the spring of 1912. It goes to Germany, a summer semester is studying at the University of Marburg, is engaged in Professor Herman Kogen - the heads of the Marburg Neokantian school. However, with philosophy as the subject of professional classes, Pasternak is also crushed, although the philosophical problem remained the focus of Pasternak - from the early work "Symbolism and Immortality" up to the novel and letters recent years. In the almanac of "Lyrics" ( 1913 ) Pastenak poems for the first time. In the summer of 1913After passing the university examinations in Moscow, he completes the first book of poems "twin in clouds" (1914 ). In the pre-revolutionary years, Pasternak Member of the futuristic group "Centrifuge" (I. Aseev, S. Bobrov et al.). Its early experiments are marked by the influence of A. Blok. But Pasternak is organically not accepting symbols of overallity and overallity. Lower communication connects it with futurism. V. Mayakovsky - a picture close to him and in sense of kinship, and in an acute incessant dispute. At the same time, Pasternaka alien futuristic slogans about breaking with the past, with the "older" culture. The poetry of the young Pasternak already detects communication with the traditions of the Russian philosophical lyrics of the 19th century (M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev) and German (R.M. Rilke).

In the summer of 1917 Written "My Sister My Life" (publ. 1922 ), in which it was unlikely not the most important trait Pasternak poetry is its inseparable mucia with the world of nature, with life as a whole. The atmosphere of revolutionary changes was part of Pasternak poetry, expressing in an increase in the poetic tone, in the vorticultural scholars of images. Pasternak tear with the descriptive, with an external painting, landscape, refuses the traditional forms of poetic narration, breaks the usual syntax connections. The poet seeks to find a special form where "faces" are shifted and mixed, and subjectivity comes not only from the narrator, but as if from the world itself. Already in pre-revolutionary verses ("over barriers", "My sister", "themes and variations") there were first exits in Epos (poems "bad dream", "Decade of Presno", "Decay").

In 1921. The Pasternak family left Russia. It is actively rewritten with them, as well as with other Russian emigrants, among whom Marina Tsvetaeva was.

In 1922. B. Pasternak marries Artist Evgenia Lurie, from which the parents in Germany in 1922-1923 years. BUT September 23, 1923 They are born the son of Eugene (died in 2012).

Running the first marriage in 1932. Pasternak marries Zinaida Nikhaevna Neigauses. With her and her son in 1931. Pasternak traveled to Georgia. In 1938. They are born by the General Son Leonid (1938-1976). Zinaida died in 1966 from cancer.

In 1946. Pasternak met Olga Ivinskaya (1912-1995), which the poet devoted to many poems and considered his "muse".

New steps Pasternak-Lyrics for Eposa Made in the "High Disease" poem (first edition 1923 second - 1928 ), in the poems "nine hundred and fifth year" ( 1925-1926 ) and "Lieutenant Schmidt" ( 1926-1927 ) Pasternak takes a brave attempt to speak new, not mastered by language.

In the following years, Pasternak appeals to the dilemma: the path of poetry and the path of history, their ratio and dispute are the story "Airways" ( 1924 ) and the novel in verses "Spector" ( 1931 ), drawing the human destinies of the era of war and revolution.

In 1930-1931 Pasternak creates the book of poems "Second Birth" (ed. 1932 ). It opens with a lyrical cycle "Waves", filled with a feeling of latitude, suddenly opening the marine space. As before, Pasternak merges the house and peace, life and being. The poet wants to look at the life of "without indent". He is too dressed, intently penetrated to be content with a romantic haze, blurry, interest in exceptional out of everyday.

In the 20s Pasternak was engaged in translations of Hans Saksa, Kleist, Ben Johnson. Since the beginning of the 30s. He often visited Georgia, a lot translated Georgian poets - N. Baratashvili, A. Tsereteli, G. Leonidze, T. Tabidze, S. Chikovani, P. Yashvili. At the first All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers ( 1934 ) Disgrace disputes around Pasternak poetry. His position in the literature is gradually complicated, with which its departure is associated with the area of \u200b\u200btranslation. In the pre-war years and during the Great Patriotic War, Pasternak translated a lot of Western European poets. Excellent English, German, frenchHe takes a large series of transfers from Goethe, Shakespeare, Shelly, Kits, Vilan, Peterfi.

Before the war, Pasternak creates a cycle of poems "on early trains", where there is a departure from the former poetics and aspiration to the classically clear style. More distinct than before, the "new" measurement appears, the new face: the people - as life itself, its basis (Cycle "Artist", 1936 ). In August 1943 Pasternak's trip to the front as part of a brigade to prepare a book about the Battle of Eagle. The poet appeals to the report, essays, verses resembling diary records. In 1943. comes the collection "On early trains", which included verses of pre-war and military years, in 1945. - Collection "Earth Script". The poet consistently and persistently seeks to "clarify" language, simplifying the figurative system.

Almost all his creative life Pasternak writes and prose. In Almanacia "Our Days" ( 1922, No. 1) Printed the story "Childhood of Puver". Already here revealed deep kinship of prose and poetry Pasternak.

After the war, Pasternak decides to return to the novel in prose, conceived for a long time. The poet attached him great importance. In the center of the Roman "Dr. Zhivago" - an intellectual, a relative spa, standing on the tragic crossroads between the personal world and public being associated with the active action. In the novel, deep disappointment is expressed in the idea of \u200b\u200brevolution, disbelief in the possibility of social rebuilding of society. The Hero of the Roman rejects the cruelty of the White Guard camp and does not accept the revolutionary violence and sacrificial subordination of the personality of the fate of the revolution. With great power, the pages of the novel about the life of nature, love of heroes are written.

Roman's transfer abroad, his publication abroad in 1957. and awarding Pasternak Nobel Prize in 1958. "All this caused a sharp criticism in the Soviet press, which ended with the exception of Pasternak from the Writers' Union and his refusal from the Nobel Prize.

In 1952. Pasternak survived the heart attack, but despite this, he continued to create and develop. Boris Leonidovich began a new cycle of his poems - "When walking" ( 1956-1959 ) It was the last writer book. Incurable disease - lung cancer, led to the death of Boris Pasternak May 30, 1960 In Peredelkino.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, (1890-1960) Russian poet and prose

Born in Moscow, in the family of a famous artist. After graduating from the gymnasium in 1909, he entered the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University. Seriously fucked by philosophy. To improve philosophical knowledge in 1912, the semester studied at the University of Marburg in Germany. In 1913 he returned to Moscow.

His first collections of poems - "twin in clouds" (1914), "over barriers" (1917) - noted by the influence of symbolism and futurism (entered into the group "Centrifuge"), in 1922 the book of his poems "sister my life" was published, immediately nominated The author in a series of masters of modern poetry. In the 1920s, adjacent to the literary association "Lef". During these years, a collection of "Topics and Variations", the poems "nine hundred and fifth year" and "Lieutenant Schmidt" began work on the novel in the verses "SPECTOR" (1924-1930). In the 1930s, mainly engaged in translations (Georgian poets, V. Shakespeare, and, -The. Goethe, I.F. Schiller, R.M. Rilke, P. Vellen).

In 1943, he traveled to the front, the result of which they became essays and the book of poems "on early trains" (1943).

The world fame brought Roman "Dr. Zhivago". For this novel Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1958. Under the threat of expulsion from the USSR, the award refused.

Girl X is the right, nothing about his death is said, I would have added, "the injury from other writers was the cause of the poet's nervous disorder, which in the end led to the lungs and death cancer. Boris Leonidovich never managed to add a play "blind beauty." Pasternak died at home, in bed, with which he has not been raised long ago, in 1960, May 30 "

Life and creativity Pasternak briefly Standed in this article.

Pasternak Biography Brief

Russian writer, one of the largest poets of the 20th century, the laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1958).

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak was born February 10, 1890.in Moscow, in the family of Academician of Painting L. O. Pasternak. Musicians often gathered in the house, artists, writers, he grew in a creative atmosphere.

IN 1903 The year, the young man fell from the horse and broke his leg. Because of this, Pasternak remained chrome, although he hid as his injury.

Boris becomes a student of the fifth Moscow gymnasium in 1905 year. He continues to play music and tries to write works by himself. In addition, the future poet is engaged in painting.

IN 1908 Boris Leonidovich becomes a student of Moscow University. He is studying at the philosophical department. The first timid poetic experiments came to 1909, but then Pasternak did not attach them importance. After the issue, he jumped to "Musagetam", then to the futuristic union of the "Centrifuge". After the revolution only supported the connection with the "Lef", but no longer entering into any circles.

The first collection goes to 1916 year and called "over barriers".

IN 1921 The year Boris Leonidovich's family emigrates to Berlin. After that, the poet actively supports communication with all the collaborators by the country. A year later, he marries Eugene Lurie. They born the son of Eugene. Then the book of the poems "My Sister - Life" comes out. In the twenties, another number of collections came out, the first experiments appear in prose.

The next decade is devoted to the work on the autobiographical essays "Security Grem." It was in the thirties that Pasternak receives recognition. In the middle of the decade, the Book "Second Birth" appears, in which Boris Leonidovich tries to write in the spirit of the Soviet era.

IN 1932 year divorced with Lurie and marries Zinaida Nehigauses. Five years later, a couple are born a son, named after Grandfather Leonid.

Initially, the attitude of Soviet power and in particular Joseph Stalin to the poet was favorable. Pasternak managed to achieve liberation from the prison of Nicholas and Lion Humilyov (husband and son Akhmatova). He also sends the chief collection of poems and devotes two works.

However, closer to the Social Soviet government changes its location.

In the forties, the foreign classic translates the works of Shakespeare, Goethe and others. This makes a living.

The top of Creativity Pasternak - Roman "Dr. Zhivago" - was created ten years, from 1945 to 1955. However, the Motherland banned the novel, so "Dr. Zhivago" was published by abroad - in Italy in Italy 1957 year. This led to the condemnation of the writer in the USSR, an exception from the Writers' Union and subsequent injury.

1958 - Pasternak received the Nobel Prize for the Doctors Zhivago. Herbal was the cause of the nervous poet disorder, which eventually led to lung and death cancer. Boris Leonidovich never managed to add a play "blind beauty."

Pasternak died at home, in bed, which has not been raised long ago, in 1960, May 30.

Contemporaries describe Pasternak as a humble person, childishly gullible and naive. His literate, correctly set speech rich in interesting turnover and aphorism.