Do-it-yourself equipment for the production of building blocks. Manufacturing technology of cinder blocks at home

Maxim, St. Petersburg asks a question:

Good afternoon, tell me, please, how to make building blocks with your own hands? I am also interested in making adobe. Thanks in advance for your reply.

The expert answers:

Making building blocks with your own hands is not like that difficult task as it might seem at first glance. First of all, you need to take care of the shape, it is a kind of box without a bottom, it can be knocked down from wooden planks or welded from metal. The length of this form is 40 cm, width - 19 cm, height - 20 cm. For convenience, handles are attached on both sides.

The most common building material is expanded clay concrete blocks. To make them, you need to take 1 part of cement, mix it with 3 parts of sifted sand, add 5 parts of expanded clay, dilute with 2 parts of water. The solution is stirred until homogeneous, poured into a mold, leveled with a cutter (even board), carefully compacted with a special rammer. After about 12 hours, when the cement sets, the mold is removed. Dry the blocks in a place protected from the scorching sun and moisture. Drying takes approximately 3-4 weeks.

Our ancestors made building blocks from improvised materials, clay, straw, river sand and water. The technology for making adobe has successfully reached our days, but making it with your own hands is not so simple, you need a certain skill in working with clay, without which things can go down the drain. Clay is harvested in the fall, covered with a film, left for the winter, so it will become more plastic and pliable. Only fresh straw is taken, last year's straw is of little use for this purpose, since decomposition processes have already begun in it. Sand is taken from the river, be sure to sift it through a construction sieve. The number of components is determined only by trial, it all depends on the quality of the clay, if it is mixed with sand, then the proportion of the latter is reduced. Approximate proportions will be as follows: 1 m³ of clay accounts for 20 kg of straw and 25% sand.

First, they make a trial batch, roll up a clay ball, leave it in a sunny place for 1 hour, then throw it from a height of 1-1.5 m. If all the components are selected correctly, then the ball will remain intact. Excess sand will cause cracking or breakage. If there is not enough sand, then the clay will simply blur. In the old days, a wide hole dug in the ground was used to mix the mortar. They are doing the same now, only the pit is lined with a film, the solution is poured there, after which they put on rubber boots and knead. Previously prepared forms are taken out to a sunny place, poured clay mortar, leveled with a board on top, carefully rammed, left to dry in the open air, after about 2 weeks the adobe will be ready.

Can be done at home wood concrete blocks. To do this, you need to purchase cement from M 300 and above, sawdust, river sand and quicklime. First, cement and sand are mixed, lime is added, mixed, after which the turn of the previously sifted sawdust comes. The mixture is diluted with water so that it is more plastic, alumina sulfate or calcium chloride is added. The quality of the solution is determined as follows: a small ball is rolled up, clamped in a fist, if water flows, then cement and sand must be added. If the ball crumbles, then this means that there is not enough moisture in the solution. The form is covered with a film, the solution is poured, rammed, left for about 5 days, after which the blocks are removed and sent to dry (for 40-90 days). Using the recommendations of the experts outlined above, you can make building blocks at home.

Building a house from blocks is moving faster than from bricks. You can buy them freely, but many make building blocks with their own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for the construction of walls. It also speeds up the use of building blocks for the foundation. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic meter. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look, is not such a super complicated matter.

Where to begin?

And the beginning of everything is the manufacture of forms.

Forms

On sale there are forms for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape of the workpiece from it and weld the shape. They also make molds from wood, they are good for adobe blocks. The bottom is not needed here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

What makes DIY building blocks good is that they use material that you already have or you can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made on the basis of cement with different fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers sometimes do without it. Depending on the material chosen, it is possible to manufacture home-made building blocks of the following types:

cinder concrete;
blocks based on liquid glass;
adobe;
chip concrete or arbolite.

How the filler is used:

ash;
slag;
screenings;
crushed stone;
gypsum;
perlite;
expanded clay;
sawdust;
straw;
broken brick and more.

Blocks without cement

The manufacture of building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because the mixture contains liquid glass. Is it possible to negotiate with the nearest reinforced concrete plant and buy the main component there. The mix will be:

two dozen parts of river sand;
one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
4 parts of chalk;
3 parts of slaked lime;
2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

First, the sand is sifted;
chalk is added;
everything mixes well;
slaked lime is introduced;
kaolin or brick crushed to a state of powder;
liquid glass.

The feedstock should be homogeneous, pasty. Before pouring this dough-like mass, moisten the molds from the inside. If you wish, you can building blocks give color. To do this, add:

chalk of any color;
powdered red brick.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement.

Expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

cement - 1 part;
expanded clay - 5 parts;
sand - 3 parts;
water - about one part.

Technology

The manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete building blocks is, in general, the same as any other:

the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
rammed;
the form is removed after 10 minutes;
the product remains in place;
after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
in warm weather, the blocks will become hard after a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks are better with voids. To do this, inserts made of wood are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be taken out well, before inserting them, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

light weight;
frost resistance;
breathability;
moisture resistance;
strength;
small cost.

A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than a brick house, less mortar is needed for masonry.

adobe blocks

Components

For this type of block, the material is literally underfoot. All it takes is:

clay;
straw;
river sand;
water.

Selection features

In order for the characteristics of the building blocks to meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of the selection of components:

It is better to prepare clay in the fall, cover it with a film and let it winter - this will improve its quality.
Sand first sift, freeing from impurities.
Straw can be taken to the field where wheat, rye or barley have just been harvested. If the straw remains from the harvest of the past year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying down, it begins to sing.

How to determine the percentage of components

clay - 1 cu. m;
straw - 20 kg;
sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do it like this:

we combine all the components in small quantities and write down the proportions;
we make a batch;
form a ball;
leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
We throw it on the ground at a height of a meter and a half.

If all the components are matched in the right proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Added more sand than it should? It will break or crack. Not enough sand? The ball will float. So, in a practical way, we select the most best option.

Training

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a recess in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line the bottom with polyethylene. Although some kind of ready-made container is also suitable: a trough or old bath. Then everything is as it was done in the old days: we dress knee-high boots from rubber and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for products: we select a flat sunny place;
we bring the mixture with buckets;
filling out forms;
we compact;
we remove the excess by drawing a board along the upper edges of the form;
remove the form.

Finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they do not get rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried again. Will be ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this construction material environmentally friendly, durable, fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolit)

The technology for manufacturing blocks from sawdust concrete is similar to the manufacture of adobe blocks, but the components need not be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start manufacturing, you need to purchase:

cement - M300 or higher;
sand - a fraction no larger than 1.8 Mcr;
not slaked lime;
sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

sift sawdust;
mix dry cement and sand;
lime here and mix again;
add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
pour water;
In order for the components to adhere well to each other, we add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
we control the quality of the mixture.

For quality control, roll the ball and squeeze it in the palms. If water flows, then there is too much of it in the mixture, if the ball crumbles, there is a lot of sawdust or sand.

Let's start manufacturing

We line the form with plastic wrap;
lay the mixture;
rammer;
without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
take it out of the mold and dry it further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is to be large-scale, then it may make sense to invest in equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL on sale. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions of 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Issues Russian manufacturer- INTEK company.

Vibrating tables are widely used in the manufacture of building blocks. They allow you to solve the problem of ramming mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

movable table;
engine;
control panels;
sometimes a transformer is included.

Seal working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration generated by the vibration motor.

Working cycle

on the movable table we set the form;
put in the mold half or completely dry mixture;
start the engine;
drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

up to 75 kg;
from 75 to 160 kg;
from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should choose the best vibrating table for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are released by:

Russian company VPK;
Stroymash LLC;
plant "Red Poppy" in Yaroslavl and others.

Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:

Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
Germany - Wacker;
Italy - Batmatic;
France - Paclite.

Cinder block - an artificial wall stone made from a mixture of slag and cement, designed for erecting walls of one-story buildings. It is also used as an additional insulation in construction. frame houses. The production of this material is possible at home on your own. It is not recommended to make only foundation panels yourself. The requirements for the reliability of the foundation of the building are very high, so it is better not to save money and buy ready-made elements.

There are such varieties:

full-bodied - have the greatest strength, designed for erection bearing walls and partitions, facings;
hollow with a degree of voidness of 40% - they have higher heat and sound insulating properties due to the presence of cavities inside, they are cheaper, but inferior in strength due to the thinness of the walls;
hollow with a degree of voidness from 25 to 30% - have optimal proportions in terms of thermal conductivity and strength, the most popular.

Depending on the thickness of the blocks are:

wall - standard size 390 x 190 x 188 mm;
partition walls - 390 x 90 x 188 mm.

At self-manufacturing dimensions can be arbitrary, a prerequisite is the stability of dimensions.

Specifications

Cinder blocks have a relatively low thermal conductivity - from 0.20 to 0.65 W / m3 (better than that of a brick). Due to this, they are often used not only as a structural material, but also as a heater.
Density - from 750 to 1450 kg/m3. It differs from all other types in high strength - brand from M35 to M125. The parameter must be taken into account when designing communications, as it is difficult to cut.
Frost resistance is up to 50 freeze-thaw cycles without visible damage.

Advantages:

low price;
availability and variety of materials for manufacturing, the possibility of obtaining products with the required set of parameters suitable for specific purposes;
benefits for the environment - due to the use of waste from the metallurgical industry (slag), as well as the breakage of brick and concrete remaining during the demolition of old buildings, the number of construction waste dumps is reduced;
fire resistance;
is not a favorable environment for the development of fungi, mold, is not subject to damage by rodents;
ease of installation of walls.

Flaws:

very high degree hygroscopicity - it strongly absorbs moisture from the air, reliable lining on both sides is required;
the presence of substances hazardous to health (sulfur) - for their complete weathering, the blocks are kept in the open air for at least a year; upon purchase, it is necessary to check the environmental safety certificate;
out of necessity high-quality waterproofing, cladding, the total cost of the building is slightly lower than when using more expensive building materials, significant savings are obtained only when made by hand.

Utility, utility, industrial premises, garages are often built from slag concrete.

About block slag

This is a silicate metal processing waste, it is sifted through a sieve. Slag from incineration various kinds solid fuel (coal, firewood), contains radioactive components, so it is not used for the construction of residential premises.

Slag types:

granulated (granulated slag);
non-granulated.

For the manufacture of building blocks, the largest fraction of granular waste is selected, smaller (non-granular) are used for asphalt production, paving slabs. The price for 1 ton of material is from 100 rubles. Distinguish between non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy waste (blast furnace), the second option is preferable, since those obtained during the processing of non-ferrous metals are more expensive.

The composition of the mixture to obtain blocks

As a binder, cement grade not lower than M400 is selected. The filler either consists entirely of slag, or mixed - crushed stone (admissibly secondary), ordinary or expanded clay sand, fine expanded clay, crushed brick are added in a small ratio. Proportions for cinder blocks: for 8-9 parts of filler, 1.5-2 parts of binder. If cement grade M500, then it can be taken about 15% less than M400.

Slag usually makes up at least 65% of the aggregate volume. For example, out of 9 parts, at least 6 fall on it, the rest is supplemented with sand, gravel. But it is theoretically possible to use brick or concrete battle, screenings for do-it-yourself production. Regardless of the type of material, it is customary to conditionally call such products slag concrete. Classic proportions: 2 parts sand, 2 parts crushed stone, 7 parts slag, 2 parts M400 Portland cement.

Water is added in a ratio of about 0.5 parts. The finished mixture is semi-dry. To check the quality, a handful is thrown onto a hard surface. If the lump crumbled, but when compressed, it easily regains its previous shape, then the composition is suitable for use.

To obtain a colored block, colored chalk or crushed brick chips are added. To increase the strength, professional plasticizers are introduced. Sometimes gypsum, sawdust, ash are added as a partial replacement for slag.

It is better to mix the components in a concrete mixer or mixer, but such equipment is expensive. A small amount is kneaded by hand, the process is laborious.

Cinder block production technology

They are made in two ways:

manually - the quality of finished products is low, uneven, but generally meets the requirements of standards;
vibration casting, using a vibrating table or a vibrating machine - they are more durable.

In large volumes, they are made by vibrocompression. The equipment for this method is expensive, so it is not suitable for home production. The room should be well ventilated, with a flat hard floor. This necessary condition for drying and storage.

Regardless of the method chosen, the prepared mixture is first placed in special rectangular frames. They are made of plastic, wooden boards or metal sheets, always collapsible and without a bottom - for easy extraction. For the same purpose, before pouring, the walls are lubricated with grease or soapy water. It is more convenient to use formwork from several cells (usually from 4 to 6). When making from wood, boards with an absolutely smooth surface are chosen, otherwise knots and irregularities will cling when stripping.

Hollow formers are additionally attached to the bottom of the mold for hollow blocks - cylindrical or rectangular made of metal or wood. Instead of them, you can put glass bottles, after the mixture has solidified, they are taken out.

2. Do-it-yourself machine.

A simple ready-made machine for cinder blocks costs from 6,500 rubles. But if you want and have a set necessary tools and its details are easy to make at home on your own.

Procedure:

From four steel sheets 3-4 mm thick, weld a rectangular shape without a bottom with an internal size of 390x190x190 mm.
Along the perimeter of the top of the box, weld a steel strip-side.
Weld guides to the lower parts of the short sides for easy removal and movement of the machine.
cut out metal pipe round section with a diameter of about 6 cm, three parts of equal length.
Install the segments in a vertical position in a row along one line at a distance of about 4 cm from each other and connect them by welding or gluing jumpers between them. TO external parties end pipes also attach jumpers for connection with the walls. The exact dimensions of all parts depend on the diameter of the void formers and the length of the box.
Close the pipes from above with plugs. Insert the pipe structure into the mold and attach.
Install height limiters on the inner walls of the box.
Attach handles to the short sides.
From the fifth steel sheet cut out the clamping cover. During the production of blocks, it is put on the void formers so that they protrude. Therefore, in the cover there should be slots for pipes and jumpers between them, larger by 1-2 mm in size.
From above, weld two U-shaped handles to the received part. They are installed along the short sides of the cover vertically.
Attach to one of the long sides of the mold with bolts or welded studs a site vibrator motor. Since its cost is relatively high and it is difficult to obtain it, it is possible to use a two-shaft motor from washing machine. TO homemade engine attach balancers.

3. Manufacture of cinder blocks by hand.

Spread on a flat surface or floor polyethylene film. Put greased molds on it.
Prepare the mixture according to the recommended proportions.
Sort it into shapes. For hollow blocks, insert bottles (if there are no void formers).
Level the surface, remove excess mortar.
Remove the bottles after 5 hours.
After 24 hours, get the blocks.
Lay out on a flat horizontal surface.
After a week, fold in several rows and leave to dry for another 21 days. During the drying process, they are covered with a film. Optimal conditions- air temperature from +20 to +25°C, no direct sunlight.

If there is a vibrating table, the molds are placed on its surface. Vibration is turned on for about a minute. Exact time better define empirically by making test bricks. Exceeding the exposure time to vibration leads to poor quality. Then the structures with the compacted mixture are removed from the table and treated in the same way as with hand made(see paragraphs 5-8 of the instructions).

4. Do-it-yourself production of cinder blocks at home on a vibrating machine.

Manufacturing scheme using a simple machine:

Lay out pieces of plywood or OSB measuring 500x300 mm on the floor. They will serve as substrates for the blocks.
Install the machine on the first sheet of plywood.
Prepare the composition, observing the recommended proportions.
Fill in the form.
Turn on the engine for 20-30 s (for more exact definition optimal time of vibrator impact on cinder concrete, it is recommended to make test bricks and evaluate their strength, uniformity finished material).
Turn off the vibration - the mixture settles a few centimeters, fill the box to the top again. Turn on the motor and press the cover. It should rest against the height limiters on the inner walls.
After turning off the vibration, remove the machine from the block and move it to the next substrate.
Repeat all steps on each prepared plywood sheet.

The terms of readiness and drying conditions are the same as for manual production.

The use of cinder blocks in construction can reduce the cost of building walls several times. The manufacture of this material requires special equipment, the purchase of which is a rather costly process. We suggest studying recommendations on how to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands.

Cinder block - features of the material and its purpose

Cinder block is a building material appearance similar to stone, which is made using the vibro press method. For its production, a filler in the form of slag is used, and binder cement slurry appears.

There are two options for the production of cinder blocks:

industrial;
independent or home.

To make a cinder block with your own hands, vibrating machines are used small-sized type who are able to produce small batches of this material.

In relation to the main components of the cinder block, namely slag, it includes one of the materials in the form:

slag;
volcanic ash;
granite screenings;
crushed granite;
river gravel;
sand;
brick stone;
cement;
expanded clay, etc.

The material, the manufacture of which we will talk about later, has lower quality characteristics and durability. It is perfect for the construction of utility buildings, sheds, storage facilities.

Home-made cinder block does not allow you to spend the entire technological process in relation to all the requirements that are placed on it.

In order for the cinder block to acquire the necessary rigidity, it is necessary to withstand steaming, with the help of which it is saturated with moisture and heated to a certain temperature, which increases the strength of the cement. Although with the help of blocks made on a home vibrating machine, an excellent one-story building will be obtained, the service life of which will be at least 25 years.

Cinder block machine: manufacturing features

To build this kind of machine, you should have the skills to work with welding machine and locksmith tools.

As main part homemade machine for the cinder block, a matrix protrudes, which has a shape for installing the solution. The matrix looks like metal box, in which there are certain elements that provide voids in an already manufactured product.

It is the matrix that is a kind of machine, the manufacture of which will require the presence of:

welding machine;
grinders;
vise;
locksmith tool.

As materials you will need to purchase:

sheet of metal, 3 mm thick, 1 m² in size;
one meter steel pipe, with a diameter of 7.5 to 9 cm;
steel strip 3 mm thick and 30 cm long;
electric motor, power up to 0.75 kW;
fasteners in the form of bolts and nuts.

DIY instructions for making a cinder block machine:

1. First, determine the dimensions of the product that is necessary for construction. It is possible to measure an already finished cinder block, industrial production.

2. Cut out the side sections of the machine from the metal sheet, there should be two of them, and there is a partition between them. You get a box that has two equal parts.

3. A bottom wall remains in the voids, the thickness of which is at least 3 cm. Thus, it will be possible to determine the height of the cylinder that will limit the voids.

4. Cut the pipe into six pieces, the length of which will equal the height of the void.

5. To make each of the cylinders tapered, it is necessary to cut each of them to the center, and then compress with a vice and weld to each other by welding. In this case, the size of the diameter will become two millimeters smaller.

6. Weld the cylinders on both sides and connect them together on the long side of the block. They should be located in such a way that the voids that will be formed exactly copy the voids of industrial production.

7. A plate, 3 cm in size, is added to the extreme sections. It must have a hole that will ensure its fixation on the surface of the lugs.

8. On the central part of each of the matrix compartments, saw through the surface and weld the lugs to it. They will help provide an opportunity to temporarily attach the restraints to form a void. A mechanism will be obtained with the help of which cinder blocks will be produced as a monolithic or non-monolithic type.

9. Select one transverse wall on which to weld the bolts, in the amount of four pieces. They act as fasteners to fix the motor.

10. On the mixture loading side, parts in the form of an apron and blades should be welded.

11. Clean and polish all components for further painting.

12. Make a press, the shape of which will be exactly the same as the mechanism itself. For its construction, you will need a plate, the holes of which will be four millimeters larger than the diameter of the cylinder. It should easily fit into the box to a height of at least 5 cm.

13. To ensure the convenience of working with the press, weld parts in the form of handles to it.

14. Coat all components of the mechanism with an anti-corrosion primer, and after it dries, install the motor.

In order to make a vibration motor out of a standard electric motor, welded bolts in the form of eccentrics should be installed on its gross sections. They must match in axial space. Nuts are installed on the bolts, the speed and type of vibration depends on the amount of twisting of which.

Drawings of the machine for cinder block:

With the help of such a matrix, both walking and remote types of the machine are made. To improve it, you need to have a good locksmith tool and experience with it.

For the manufacture of this kind of blocks, any material in the form of clay, sawdust concrete, expanded clay concrete, etc. is suitable. The standard mixture should consist of one part sand filler, one part cement and three parts slag waste.

A very important role is played by the coefficient of moisture, which is contained in the finished mixture. For its optimal determination, it is enough to examine the composition, it should not fall apart, but at the same time it should be elastic and keep its shape well.

It is this workpiece that is placed in the matrix to obtain the finished cinder block. For the formation of voids, it is recommended to use glass bottles, broken brick or sharp-angled stone.

Please note that before starting work on the machine for the production of cinder blocks, all parts should be lubricated with oil, this will prevent the finished mixture from sticking to the metal. Turning on the vibrator is possible at any stage of production, but it is best to do this before pressing the finished block. In addition, the electric motor should be securely insulated, using an apron to prevent the solution from entering the surface of the motor.

Already finished cinder blocks should be kept outside, in summer, at a temperature of +12 to +30 degrees. In order for the blocks not to dry out, they are covered with plastic wrap.

Equipment for the production of cinder blocks and technology for their manufacture

The manufacture of a cinder block begins with the preparation of a concrete solution, which consists of cement, water and slag. All components are mixed together with a concrete mixer or mixer. Manual mixing of the solution takes longer and requires great physical effort to implement it.

All work is carried out exclusively at positive air temperatures, since water solidifies during frost. When the solution is ready, it is poured into a mold, which can be hollow or monolithic. Standard size each block 39x19x18.

When the block has an already compacted structure, it is removed from the mold, and the block itself is installed on the floor or on a pallet. The procedure for drying the cinder block lasts at natural air temperature, which should not be less than twenty degrees. Thus, it will be possible to obtain material suitable for further construction. In order to avoid drying out of the material, maximum air humidity should be ensured.

After the cinder blocks have dried, they acquire additional strength and are sent for storage in a dry place in the form of a warehouse.

Materials of various composition are used as raw materials. The choice of one or another raw material is influenced by the capabilities of the equipment on which the cinder block is made and the type of structure that will be built from it.

The most common options for fillers for the manufacture of cinder blocks with their own hands are materials in the form of:

brick waste;
sand;
crushed stone;
ash;
expanded clay, etc.

The amount of one or another ingredient depends on the requirements for the final product.

A fairly common component for the manufacture of cinder block is a plasticizer, which improves specifications finished material. In addition, the use of plasticizers increases the strength of the finished building, its resistance to frost and moisture.

After the manufacture of cinder blocks, the process of construction and the direct erection of walls from cinder blocks will follow. Another important factor affecting the quality of cinder block construction is finishing and insulation of the finished building.

The standard composition for preparing a mixture for cinder blocks consists of:

one part of cement;
nine parts of slag;
50% of the amount of cement water.

Another option for the manufacture of cinder blocks involves the use of:

four parts of small screenings;
four parts of granite slag;
one part cement to 50% water.

Production of cinder blocks - general requirements for the performance of work

For the manufacture of high-quality cinder block, the following rules should be followed:

know the exact recipe and composition of the mixture;
follow the technology of manufacturing cinder blocks;
have enough professional equipment.

In addition, the key to a high-quality cinder block made at home is the use of coarse sand, blast-furnace slag, high-quality cement with a minimum grade of 400. In addition, special equipment with a vibropress is required.

Burnt coal, which is used as a filler, is excellent for making slag. One of the important requirements for the production of cinder blocks is the observance of a symmetrical and even geometric shape. finished product. Since the amount of mortar required for the construction of the finished building depends on the number of irregularities and flaws in the cinder block. In order to avoid the appearance of this defect, it is necessary to fill the form to the top and even more, since when vibration is carried out, the finished mixture is compacted and reduced in size.

The vibroform is turned on every time with an interval of 6-15 seconds. Next, the vibration stops and the finished product is evaluated. If the solution is lower than the extreme line of the matrix, then a clamping cover is installed on it and vibration is turned on again. Next, the clamp rests against the limiter, the vibration is turned off, and the form is pulled out from the device.

Do-it-yourself cinder blocks: manufacturing instructions

When self-manufacturing cinder blocks, the composition of the mixture should be selected based on the type of cinder block machine. Since the quality of vibration directly determines the properties of the final product.

We offer a variant of the standard recipe for the manufacture of cinder blocks:

seven buckets of slag filler;
two buckets of sand;
two buckets of gravel;
one and a half buckets of cement;
one and a half to three buckets of water.

Please note that the amount of water affects the structure and quality of the blocks. The solution after pressing should not spread. If ready mix thrown to the ground and at the same time it will spread, and in the fist it will reconnect, then this type of solution is suitable for the manufacture of cinder blocks.

If a room is used for the manufacture of cinder blocks, then it must have a flat floor and good ventilation, but still, it is recommended to produce cinder blocks in the open air.

Home-made machines for cinder blocks involve the manufacture of this material according to the instructions below:

1. Pour the solution into the cinder block mold. Turn on the vibrator for five seconds. At not enough a little more mixture is added to the solution. Set the clamp, and turn on the vibrator again. When the clamping device is on the limiters, the manufacturing process is considered complete.

2. The vibroform is turned on for another 8 seconds and then the form is removed without turning off the vibrator.

3. Drying of the blocks takes a period of four to nine days. Full strength is achieved after a month. The main conditions for their storage are high humidity and temperature.

4. Transportation of blocks to the premises occurs after at least a day after their manufacture. In the presence of a plasticizer in the composition for the preparation of cinder blocks, their transportation takes place six hours after manufacture.

5. Storage of cinder blocks takes place in the form of a pyramid. After a few months, they become suitable for construction.

Cinder blocks are a popular building material from which buildings and structures for various purposes are erected. Since they are easy to make at home, cinder block machines are in rather high demand. If you have free time and desire, then you can try to build this equipment yourself.

The popularity of cinder blocks (as well as foam blocks, by the way) is in their unique composition, and machines for the manufacture of cinder blocks not only make it possible to obtain high-quality building materials with limited funds, but also make it possible to produce them for sale. For many, the production of cinder blocks has become a profitable activity that brings tangible income.

Cement;
Granular slag (which is a foundry waste);
Special fillers.

The result is blocks that are distinguished by high sound and heat insulation performance.

Making a mold for cinder block

On the network you can find drawings of a machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks of varying complexity, according to which it can be built with your own hands. These devices allow you to get both hollow and solid blocks. The simplest device is a collapsible form without a vibrator.

This form is used concrete mortar with high water content. It is also called "soft".

The sequence of obtaining blocks in a simple form

Filling the mold box or matrix with concrete;
Keeping the solution in the form until setting (several hours);
Disassembly of the form - the block comes in a free state.

Advice. It is convenient to form voids in blocks using champagne bottles, which fit well in size and do not break because they have thick walls.

The sides and bottoms of these molds can be made from metal plates or plywood sheets. Before pouring the solution into the mold, it should be lubricated with used machine oil.

Homemade machines with a vibrating device

Vibrating machines for the manufacture of cinder blocks are more advanced equipment. Getting blocks on them is faster and more convenient, since you do not need to wait for the mortar to set. In this case, the concrete solution is prepared more rigid and thick, it should have a slight shrinkage.

Technically, this is done in two ways:

using a vibrating table;

equipping the mold itself with an engine, on the shaft of which an eccentric with a displaced center of gravity is installed.

An eccentric machine is more convenient for the production of large quantities of material, since it allows you to get finished block in one pass without turning over.

Homemade machine according to the "laying hen" scheme

The given drawing of the machine for the manufacture of cinder block is one of the most simple.

Its design includes the following main elements:

molding box - matrix (it has no bottom);
vibrator on the side wall;
drawer handles designed for easy removal without damaging the shape of the impression;
replaceable sets of pressure plates;
void formers for various forms of voids.

The current standard provides for the established dimensions of one such block - 39 x 19 x 18.8 cm. In this case, the voidage should not exceed 30% .

Matrix manufacturing

Sheet metal is taken (from 3 mm);
A shape is cut out of the sheet according to the size of one block (5 cm is added to the indicated dimensions for tamping);
A through box is formed (the bottom is missing);

Important. It is necessary to weld the sheets from the outside, this will prevent the violation of the correct geometry.

Special strips welded from the ends give the box greater stability. For this, they are used profile pipes with a small section;
Upholstery is performed on the base of the matrix with sheet rubber, which will serve to protect the lower edges of the matrix from deformation;
An apron is formed for edging, which will prevent the solution from spilling when filling the form;
Handles are attached.

Machine diagram

The following is an exact drawing of a cinder block making machine, indicating exact dimensions. voids can be formed various shapes(rectangular or round).

Important. The path former must have a conical shape, which will allow you to easily remove the matrix from the raw cinder block.

Well suited for the manufacture of a void former round pipes. A conical shape with this workpiece can be given using a lathe.

The vibrator is made from a small power electric motor. For this, for example, a motor from washing machine power in 150 - 200 W. Center shifting is performed as follows.

An eccentric is attached to the engine axis, which can be made from a metal bar with an asymmetrically located hole. Dimensions, weight and shape must be determined experimentally. If the eccentric is too large, then the vibration will be excessive, as a result of which the concrete cast will fall apart.

This design can be improved by installing a mobile platform with levers. This will make it easier to lift and move around the area of the machine with the vibration shrink unit.

Stages of the cinder block manufacturing process

Blocks are formed in special forms which are pre-wetted. They contain a solution. Forms are placed on a vibrating plate, which is switched on for a few seconds (5 - 7 s);
As the solution settles, it must be added. When the vibrating plate is switched on again, it is necessary to wait for the full lowering of the clamp on the limiters. This will show that the formation is complete. After 5 - 10 seconds (even before the motor stops completely), the form should be removed;
Finished blocks must be dried. This process takes from a week to a month. Drying time depends on conditions (humidity, temperature, etc.);
The above equipment allows, when working together, to perform up to seventy blocks per hour. If the amount is small, then the solution can be kneaded by hand. However, a concrete mixer allows you to get more quality material and end product
After the cinder blocks have dried, they can be used to build walls - it is not difficult to build from blocks. At the same time, it is necessary to comply simple rules- the first two weeks the blocks are watered;
After that, they should be covered on the outside double layer plasters. This will prevent the slag from being washed away by rain. In a year, the material will disappear harmful substances and after that you can go to interior decoration and roofing work.