Wet facade mounting technology. Wet facade - wall decoration to last

When insulating his house, a prudent owner always prefers wall decoration with systems with an external location of insulation. Although interior wall work is easier and less expensive, the serious homeowner knows at least three main arguments in favor of an exterior solution.

Why choose outdoor insulation:

location "dew points"(zones of condensation) when the temperature drops inside and outside the house. If the insulation is located on the inner surface of the load-bearing wall, constant condensation makes it wet. This phenomenon is sharp reduces functionality applied thermal insulation - it loses its thermal protection properties, it becomes damp in the house, fungal mold appears, etc.;
thermal inertia level(heat resistance) of walls with external insulation is much higher. Simply put, a house that is insulated from the outside cools down much more slowly when the outside temperature drops;
external thermal insulation guaranteed to block all available "cold bridges" in the house structure, which are the main ways of heat loss.

Existing types of external facade systems are divided into two large groups, called "dry" and "wet". The first group of "dry facades" is also called prefabricated or hinged. An example of such systems would be vinyl or metal siding facades. Thanks to high practical efficiency, economy and decorative possibilities, "wet" insulation technologies called "wet facade" are very popular throughout the civilized world.

What is a wet façade system?

"Wet" technologies for the installation of insulated facades are based on the creation of a kind of multi-layered fortified cake. In the course of work, special adhesives, mastics and plasters are used, as a rule, they are mixed with ordinary water.

The wet mounting technique involves applying in strict order layers of the soil base, adhesive composition, gluing and additional strengthening with special means of a layer of heat-insulating material, creating a reinforcing layer with a special mesh, along which several layers are made that carry protective and decorative functions. As a result, it forms one system, with a number of undeniable advantages:

allows for special decorative and attractive, the absence of salt stains on the outer walls, which initially have a rough surface of any quality;
high efficiency and low weight design thermal fencing does not require a powerful load-bearing foundation, which, as a rule, makes up a significant part of the total cost of building a house;
external thermal insulation of the bearing wall allows, as in a thermos, to preserve and accumulate heat in the house, completely blocking numerous "cold bridges";
excluded the formation of condensate on the inner surface of the walls and their wetting - the "dew point" is taken out of the wall structure into the insulation material, from where it evaporates through the "breathing" outer layers of plaster;
the structural material of the house is reliably protected from the damaging effects of moisture - freezing is excluded. in microcracks concrete structures and corrosion of frame reinforcement;
"wet" facade gives the outer walls additional vibration and sound insulation.

Practical and efficient "wet" technology turns out to be cheaper to sell and are widely used not only during the finishing work of industrial buildings, but also in private and low-rise construction. However, in order for the listed advantages to please the owners of the house, one should strictly stick to technology requirements, selection of appropriate quality materials. One of the important features is the turnaround time. There are certain limits on the outdoor temperature, which are related to the properties of the materials used.

All plastering, painting and other “wet” finishing phases can be carried out at not less+5 degrees Celsius. The quality of the work and the service life of the finished facade will depend on how accurately all the conditions are met. Violation of the temperature regime, the use of materials that are not intended for the installation of a "wet" facade, can lead to cracking and even shedding of the outer layer.

The cost of arranging a wet facade

The cost of building facades using "wet" techniques is significantly lower hinged ventilated facades, requiring, in addition to the high cost of materials, additional costs for the labor of highly qualified installers. And in this case, as a rule, the cost of the installation itself is 30 to 50 percent from the total cost of a ventilated facade. In addition, it is necessary to take into account certain difficulties in finding truly qualified specialists, for example, to install a ventilated facade made of natural stone.

If the cost of only facing material (stone) starts from several thousand rubles per square, then the choice of unqualified personnel is fraught with the loss of significant funds. It is easy to compare the real cost of finishing the exterior walls of a house using “wet” and various hinged technologies by viewing price offers for all options from construction companies. Data on sites on the Web confirm the conclusion about high efficiency and optimal ratio "price-quality" technology "wet" facade. Its real value is approximately 76 - 18 percent from the amounts required for the implementation of facades made of fiber cement boards, aluminum composite panels, porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes or natural stone. It should be noted that a “wet” facade, made by hand, will cost even cheaper.

Physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation for the "wet" facade

Arranged on the outer surface of the load-bearing wall, using the “wet” facade technology, thermal insulation system consists of three main parts:

thermal insulation layer, fixed to the ground base with glue and special plastic dowels;
a layer of reinforced base, made on the basis of alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh and mineral glue of a special composition;
finishing layer, including a primer and a special plaster on a polymer, mineral or siloxane basis.

It is difficult to single out a more important part of the three listed. The correct choice of each determines the effectiveness of the entire system. Outer layer finish performs a dual role, being the aesthetically defining “face” of the entire finishing layer and, at the same time, reliably protecting the heat insulator from adverse external influences. In addition, the layer must pass well the evaporation of moisture condensed in the material of the thermal insulator.

Reinforced base necessary for reliable fastening at the level of adhesion of the finishing layer. And here you need a special alkali-resistant mesh. As a rule, this is a fiberglass-based material with a special coating. It is installed on a special glue, completely sinking into it. If you apply a regular mesh, without processing, in about a year nothing will remain of its reinforcing frame, and the top layer, the important function of which has already been mentioned, will simply peel off.

thermal insulation layer requires the use of appropriate materials. Its thickness is calculated by heat engineers, and the type is determined by the place of application and requirements fire safety. The most common and traditional materials are:

fibrous: wool from mineral and fiberglass, the fibers of which are obtained by drawing from natural melts: stone mineral raw materials, waste from metallurgical production and glass mass;
foamed gas-filled plastics with a cellular structure - foams, of which polystyrene foam is the most common;
arbolites (lightweight concrete) based on wood waste, flax, hemp, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener.

An important parameter of all thermal insulating materials (TIM) is their density. For fibrous TIM, the density should be at least 150 - 180 kilograms per cubic meter. Mineral wool preferred for facade decoration. They are more durable, non-flammable, have good sound insulation. Experts recommend using cotton wool on phenolic binders, as more water resistant. Since, in addition to density, the indicator of moisture absorption is important for TIM. This setting must be no more than 15%. Other advantages of stone wool include resistance to chemical and biological substances, environmental friendliness, light weight and ease of installation.

glass wool, due to the longer fiber, have a higher elasticity index. They also have high strength. But the heat resistance of the material is much lower and does not exceed 450 degrees Celsius.

Extremely common various polystyrene foam, for example, brands PSB-35, PPSB-S. They are less resistant to elevated temperatures and already at 100 degrees begin to melt and swell. With prolonged and constant exposure to sunlight, turn yellow and crumble. However, there are new modifications with increased resistance to sunlight and temperatures.

A new environmental material is also gaining popularity. wood concrete. It belongs to the category of lightweight concrete. It contains about 90% natural fillers: flax and hemp fire, sawdust, husks, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener. The density of wood concrete for thermal insulation is from 400 to 500 kilogram per cubic meter.

Depending on the type of insulation used, the appropriate adhesive composition is used. For example, for polystyrene boards bituminous adhesive is often used.

Wet facade installation technology

One of the options for the technique of performing a “wet” facade can be an exemplary step-by-step description of the order of the work stages. The start of all work must be preceded by careful preparation, including evaluation and foundation, on which, layer by layer, the entire finishing “pie” will be applied.

Preparatory operations for the installation of a wet facade:

the outer surface of the walls is cleaned of all types of dirt and remnants of old coatings;
for improvement bearing capacity, held draft plastering, leveling and strengthening of damages and cracks;
window slopes and doorways cleaned of old plaster;
to obtain the required adhesion, the surface is preliminarily carefully primed.

The required operation is support bar device. With its lower edge, the entire insulation system relies on a special U-shaped profile, called the "base base". With its marking and fastening around the perimeter of the house, all work on the direct installation of the "wet" facade begins. The profile performs several important functions:

is the basis for distributing the weight of the entire set of layers;
protects the bottom edge of the set from moisture.

The support plinth is mounted at a height of 40 centimeters from the ground level (from the ground). To take into account thermal expansion, between its horizontal bars, it is necessary to leave gap at 0.3 centimeters. In the profile fastening technology, self-tapping screws and dowels are used. Quantity per running meter depends on the total calculated weight of the facade layer in height. At least 5-10 points are needed per linear meter, i.e. the fastening step is from 10 to 20 centimeters. The corners of the plinth support strip are made of special corner profile.

After this, the work goes to the stage of fixing layer of thermal insulation. Most often, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene slabs are first glued to the prepared outer surface of the bearing walls. The method of applying the adhesive, which allows to simultaneously ensure the strength of fastening and economical consumption of the composition, provides for the application of a wide strip around the slab a couple of centimeters from the edge and dotted areas. The criterion for sufficiency is the rule according to which at least 40% of the insulation area should be covered with glue. The exception is lamella mats, their inner side completely covered with adhesive.

Rules for installing plates

Installation of plates, starting from the bottom row, based on the basement profile, is carried out according to the rules:

seams between slabs in adjacent rows must overlap, continuous vertical seams along the height of several rows are not allowed;
when sticking, the base of the plate is tightly pressed to the base, and the end, with a minimum gap, to the adjacent plate of the pasted row. It is necessary to strive to minimize the thickness of the seams;
adhesive protruding from the seams is immediately removed.

For extra reinforcement board material insulation, three days after the adhesive has dried, installation is performed plastic dowels special design. Their dimensions are determined by the thickness and material of the insulation, and the design includes a plate-type head and a plastic nail that expands the dowel. The correct choice of dowel takes into account that the hole depth for porous TIMs is at least 5 cm, and for solid - 9 cm. Consumption rate for square meter depends on the mass (thickness) of the insulation and is usually from 6 to 14 pieces.

The order of fastening with dowels:

symmetrically and evenly, according to the pre-made marking of the panel area, the required number of holes is drilled to the required depth;
nests for dowels are made in the material;
disc-shaped parts are installed flush;
bursting plastic nails are carefully hammered.

Reinforcement phase begins not earlier than 1 - 3 days after the final fixing of the thermal insulation layer. This stage includes:

processing the corners of window and door openings, joints and horizontal lintels, outer corners, for which a special corner profile is used;
the insulation material is covered with an adhesive composition, the layer thickness is from 2 to 3 millimeters;
a fiberglass construction mesh (a special alkali-resistant coating is required) is recessed into the adhesive layer;
the adhesive composition is applied, with a layer of up to 2 millimeters, based on the total thickness of the entire reinforcement up to 6 millimeters.

Finishing is the final phase of the "wet" facade and begins no earlier than the final drying of the reinforcing layer. This may take 3 to 7 days. Finishing includes plastering to the reinforcement layer. Its properties are subject to the following requirements:

high vapor permeability;
resistance to external moisture and other climatic factors;
mechanical strength.

For this, they are used special formulations for outdoor work. In addition, the decisive factor in the quality of work is compliance with temperature requirements: the working range is considered to be from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius. It is obligatory to protect the applied layer from direct sunlight.

The load-bearing structures of buildings do not carry the task of ensuring sufficient thermal protection of the premises. Brick, cinder block, wood, reinforced concrete panels or monolithic fencing elements do not meet the requirements for this parameter. Therefore they need additional processing heaters.

This is one of the methods of lightweight insulation, which allows you to:

Give wall panels additional thermal protection.
Increase the heat saving of the premises.
Give the building an attractive finished look.

Principal system of wall insulation using the “wet facade” technology

outdoor decorative layer plaster is used, thanks to which the facades acquire attractiveness. Thermal insulation of facades with a wet method involves the use of thermal insulation. The list of layers of the system from internal to external looks like this:

the actual wall;
adhesive composition;
insulation;
reinforced starting plaster layer;
decorative finishing plaster for external works.

The main advantage of the technology lies in the fact that the wet facade can be mounted in any climatic zones. Minus - work must be carried out at an ambient temperature of at least +5 0 C and not more than +30 0.

AT cold period the place of work should be a heated and hidden from the environment tent. This technology is called a wet facade because the binders are diluted with water and are wet at the time of application.

What insulation materials are used in wet façade systems?

Glass wool and mineral wool are strictly prohibited. This is due to the insufficient strength of these heaters. They are not able to withstand the mass of plaster. Because of this, they are prone to delamination. Styrofoam is also not included in the number of thermal insulation used.

Typical insulation for a wet facade - expanded polystyrene and basalt wool

Mounting a wet facade with your own hands, you involuntarily ask yourself the question “How thick should the insulation be?” The construction market is represented by a wide range of basalt wool of various thicknesses (from 2.5 to 20 cm). Among the proposed ones, you need to choose the one that fully satisfies the requirements. If there is a project, then this parameter must be specified in it.

If the work is carried out without design documentation, then the climatic conditions of the region must be taken into account. The indicator of the total heat transfer parameter can be found in reference books. The climate map of the Russian Federation, which is easy to find on the Internet, can serve as a help.

It is necessary to compare the resistance to heat transfer of the material wall panels with the indicated numbers on the map. The difference must be compensated with a heater. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the external plaster. It is not worth overestimating the performance of the insulated structure. The balance of humidity and temperature must be observed.

What else is required besides insulation?

The complete list of required materials is as follows:

glue for fixing the insulation to the wall;
aluminum profile;
dowels for fastening the profile;
plastic dowels for fixing the insulation;
insulation;
primer;
plaster reinforcement mesh;
dowels for fixing insulation and armature mesh (plastic);
starting plaster (basic);
finishing decorative plaster.

Wet façade tool kit

In addition, you will need the following devices:

perforator (for concrete, brick, reinforced concrete panels);
drill (for wooden walls);
screwdriver (for screwing dowels);
special spatula for applying glue;
a set of spatulas for applying and smoothing plaster;
containers for mixing building mixtures;
nozzle on a drill for kneading;
brushes for cleaning the wall surface before applying the adhesive.

It is possible to do the work yourself, but this requires elementary construction skills and routing on the installation of an insulated facade using the “wet method”. This is especially true for plastering work.

Wet facade insulation works in stages

The step-by-step instruction of the wet facade technology is as follows:

Wall surface preparation.
Priming of insulated walls - milestone surface preparation
This procedure involves cleaning the surface of any existing contaminants. In addition, it is necessary that it be even. The maximum difference per 1 m 2 of area should not exceed 1 cm. Irregularities, sinks should be leveled with plaster. If the wall has places with crumbling fragments, it is necessary to use a bonding primer. It is desirable to prime the entire surface. This will serve as additional protection for the wall.
Installing the plinth profile.
It will perform two functions: a level and a node that receives the load of the upper insulation plates.
Applying glue.
This procedure is performed with a special notched trowel. The adhesive composition is applied to the insulation boards, not to the wall.
Gluing.
The procedure is performed from the bottom up along the belts. Plates located above the base profile must rest on it. When pasting door and window openings, the slabs must be glued so that the corners of the openings are located within one solid slab. For this, special cutouts are made in the insulation.
Fastening of insulation boards with plastic dowels with a wide cap.
Work is carried out after the glue has completely dried.
Application of a base plaster layer, 3-5 mm thick.
The key stage of a wet facade is the application of a plaster layer with reinforcement
Reinforced mesh lining. Work is carried out until the plaster sets. It is important that the mesh is recessed into the plaster layer.
Leveling with finishing plaster.
Painting.
Finishing stage - surface painting

Armed with knowledge, materials and necessary technical inventory, you can start work on the installation of a wet facade.

Heavy and light wet facades

There are two types of wet facades:

A heavy wet facade is used in seismically unstable areas, as well as in cases where it is necessary to absorb thermal deformations that occur during periods of temperature changes. Due to the design features, the plaster remains intact (does not crack).

But there are also disadvantages. Such is the high cost compared to a light facade. This is due to the fact that the amount of plaster used can increase significantly, since the thickness of its layer can reach 20–40 mm. The armored mesh will also pull on the rise in price, because it should be metal, in contrast to the light wet facade, where polymeric materials are used.

Another disadvantage is a lot of weight. If the building is dilapidated and is subject to reconstruction, then the use of a heavy facade without special strength calculations can lead to collapse. For most cases, a lightweight system is suitable. Moreover, now there are companies on the market that can comprehensively provide high-quality materials.

Wet facade Ceresit - a popular system

The Ceresit trademark has developed a range of products for the installation of facades using wet technology. The complex includes all the components of the insulation cake:

glue;
heat insulators based on mineral wool or expanded polystyrene;
plaster mixes.

Those who decide to use the unified Ceresit wet facade system do not have to check the components of incompatibility. All components have been designed with given parameter. Moreover, each component complements the functions of the other and compensates for its shortcomings.

Summing up

Based on the foregoing, it can be seen that the wet facade technology remains the most reliable and best way to insulate a building. Having a description necessary action, everyone will be able to independently perform work and make the house warm, cozy and beautiful in appearance.

Some people are confused by the name "wet facade". In fact, this is a generalized name for all methods in which semi-liquid or liquid adhesive solutions are used to fasten insulation, reinforcing mesh or facing material.

For the first time this technology was applied in Germany in the 60s - 70s of the last century, when the question arose of increasing. It must be said what external insulation walls is the most correct, as it allows you to take out the "dew point" outside the interior, shifting it outward.

Therefore, even with a large difference between the internal and external temperatures, condensation does not form on the internal surfaces of the walls.

What is a wet facade

Wet facade it is a whole system consisting of several layers of specially selected materials. Moreover, they are selected so that their main physical characteristics- water absorption, thermal expansion, vapor permeability, frost resistance.

the thermal circuit must be continuous, that is, without slots, gaps and breaks;

the entire “layer cake” of the facade must be vapor-permeable (therefore, the materials are selected so that each subsequent layer in the direction from the inside to the outside has a greater vapor permeability than the previous one), then the house will “breathe”

Adhesive layer - the first layer consisting of an adhesive mixture. It is very important, since the density of the fit of the insulation to the wall depends on its quality.
Heat-insulating layer - with a low thermal conductivity (most often polystyrene foam and mineral wool are used). The thickness of this layer is determined by thermotechnical calculation, based on the properties of the material and operating conditions. It is very important that the material is fireproof.
Reinforced layer consisting of mineral adhesive and alkali-resistant reinforcing mesh. Serves for better adhesion of the surface of the insulation and the plaster layer.
Protective layer (decorative) - a primer and a layer that protects the insulation from external influences, and is also a finishing layer.

All materials used for a wet facade must have a certificate of conformity from an accredited center, and the insulation system as a whole must have a state-issued technical certificate.

Preparation for installation of the wet facade system

For work, it is best to choose a period when the temperature does not exceed +10 - 200C, the weather is dry. Scaffolding with a protective mesh is put up around the building, which protects it from moisture and sunlight.

If it is necessary to perform work in the cold season, then a thermal one is created around the building, providing a temperature of +5 - 100.

the walls are cleaned of old peeling plaster, paint and any contaminants (dirt, soot, dust, rust);
the surface is primed, surface defects are leveled with a cement mixture. If the surface is porous, then the primer is applied in 2 - 3 layers.

Before starting work, it is necessary to install a basement profile, the task of which is to align the facade horizontally and protect the insulation from external influences. The profile is installed at a height of about 0.4 m from the ground level, attached to the wall with dowels and self-tapping screws in increments of 10-20 cm.

A gap of approximately 3 mm is left between the profile strips, which is necessary for their thermal expansion.

completed installation of the roof of the building;
mounted ;
installed ventilation systems and;

windows installed;
all concrete work, pouring and floor screeding have been completed;
the primary wall decoration inside the building is completed;
the building is well dried and its complete shrinkage has occurred.

Sequence and installation technology

The insulation boards are fixed with glue.

glue is applied in a wide strip along the perimeter of the plate, stepping back from the edge of about 3 cm;
glue is applied pointwise in the middle of the slab in such an amount that in the end it covers at least 40% of the area of the slab;
the insulation is fastened in rows, from bottom to top, starting from the basement profile. The plates are glued in a run-up, firmly pressing them to the wall and to each other. Excess adhesive must be removed immediately.
when it dries completely (and this will happen after about 3 days), the insulation is additionally fixed with expansion dowels at the rate of 6-14 dowels per square meter of the wall. The amount depends on the mass and thickness of the insulation. If the wall material is solid, then it is enough to deepen the dowel into the wall by 5 cm, if it is porous, then by 9 cm;
before you install the dowel, you need to prepare a nest for it. Clamping sleeves should be flush with the surface of the insulation boards.

Work on the installation of the reinforcing layer is started 2-3 days after the installation of thermal insulation. First, window and door corner bevels, the outer corners of the building are reinforced, and lastly, the remaining planes of the walls.

a special adhesive composition is applied directly to the surface of the insulation and then a fiberglass mesh is embedded in it. The overlap of the mesh sheets should be 50 - 100 mm, otherwise cracks may appear at their joints;
a second layer of the same adhesive composition is applied on top, covering the mesh. As a result, the total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be no more than 6 mm, while the mesh is located 1–2 mm from the surface.

The wall surface is finished 4-7 days after the reinforcing layer has dried. The plaster must have high moisture resistance, vapor permeability, resistance to climatic influences and mechanical stress.

It is desirable to carry out work at a temperature of +5 to +300C in the absence of wind and precipitation in natural or artificially created shade.

Wet facade materials

Particular attention must be paid to the selection of insulation.
If expanded polystyrene is chosen, then it must be facade with a density of 15 - 18 kg / m3. Given that these plates are combustible, they must be treated with flame retardants.

It is possible to reduce the fire hazard of the entire structure by placing fire-resistant inserts of their mineral wool plates between the polystyrene plates (they are made at the junctions of floors, at window and door openings).

Mineral wool insulation has excellent and does not burn. The density of the insulation must be at least 135 kg/m3. The use of too soft insulation can lead to delamination of the finish layers. The best in terms of quality is basalt insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of "wet facade" technology

The thermal insulation properties of the building are increased by up to 30%.
saves space inside the building.
The cost of these systems is relatively low.
Using this method increases .
The light weight of the insulation does not require strengthening of the supporting structures of the building and foundation.

The service life of a wet facade is 25-30 years.
This method allows you to significantly improve the appearance of any building, regardless of its age. Renovation and repair of the facade during operation are carried out at the level of the finishing layer.

It is forbidden to finish the building during rainfall and high humidity, as this leads to uneven drying of the mortar.
At temperatures below +50, it is necessary to use scaffolding covered with foil and heat guns.
During the production of works, in order to prevent dirt and dust from getting on the facade, the surfaces must be protected from the wind.

It is necessary to protect the walls from sunlight, as they can lead to the drying of the solution and a decrease in its quality.

During the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to strictly observe the work methods recommended by the manufacturer of the purchased system. This guarantees the quality of insulation and the preservation of the attractive appearance of the building throughout the entire service life of the facade.

High-quality insulation and finishing of the facade of the house guarantee significant savings in thermal energy, which is especially important in the context of a constant rise in the cost of energy resources. In addition, the complex implementation of works makes the house more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. There are different methods of warming and decorating buildings, but the wet facade is considered the most modern: the technology of this finishing method is described in detail in this article.

Wet insulation of facadesoutside or inside: features of choice

Traditional building materials used for the construction of walls, such as brick, wall and concrete blocks, are characterized by increased strength and a fairly long service life. At the same time, they do not have a high level of thermal insulation, and therefore a significant part of the thermal energy simply escapes through the walls. In order to prevent this undesirable process, the walls are insulated.

Warming can be both internal and external. At the same time, the amount of material, the amount of work and the very organization of the process inside the house are more profitable and cheaper. At the same time, there are a number of serious arguments in favor of warming the house from the outside.

External methods, which include wet facade insulation, suggest the presence of the so-called dew point - this is the zone where condensate is released under conditions of temperature differences both in the middle of the room and outside. In the case of fixing the insulation on the inside of the load-bearing wall, there is a high probability of condensation, which leads to increased humidity in the room. Therefore, this method of thermal insulation is less functional and even dangerous to health, since against the background of dampness, fungi and mold appear on the walls.

With external thermal insulation, the level of heat resistance or thermal inertia of the walls increases significantly. In other words, a building that is insulated from the outside retains heat for a longer time with a significant decrease in temperature outside and slowly heats up in the summer heat.

With external insulation of the house, a wet facade eliminates all kinds of cold bridges, through which, in most cases, the main heat loss occurs in the case of arranging internal thermal insulation.

What is a wet facade:technology features

The external method of facade insulation has its own classification. There are dry and wet technologies. The first option, in turn, includes prefabricated or hinged facades. The main material used in this technology is vinyl or metal siding. A wet facade system is considered to be more practical, highly efficient, economical and attractive in appearance.

Important! A distinctive feature of a wet façade is its multi-layered nature, where each individual layer plays an important role in the process of insulation and decoration. To fully realize the functions, preference should be given only to high-quality materials.

The use of a wet technique allows you to get not only a good quality of insulation, but also beautiful decor at home. An important condition is the use of high-quality special solutions. The final stage is the process of applying plaster and painting - these are key components of the beautiful appearance of the building.

Wet facade technology involves the creation of a multilayer cake on the outside. The layers are fastened to the wall by applying special adhesive solutions, mastics and plasters, which are dissolved in ordinary water. Hence the name - wet facade. The work involves observing a clear order of priority in applying the layers: primer, adhesive mixture, heat-insulating boards, additional sizing, mesh reinforcement, plastering and painting.

Each phase involving the use wet method, whether gluing, plastering or painting, must be carried out at temperatures above +5 °C. Not only the quality of work and the degree of thermal insulation, but also the service life of the decorative insulation depend on the sequence of work, materials and compliance with the conditions. Otherwise, the facade will soon begin to crack and collapse.

Wet facade: pros and consoutdoor insulation technology

Wet insulation technology has a number of undeniable advantages and a certain number of disadvantages. The benefits include:

a high degree decorative and attractive facade;
the lightness of the heat-insulating layer, which allows the technology to be applied to buildings with weak foundations;
reliable thermal insulation that keeps heat in the house for a long time according to the principle of a thermos and excludes the appearance of "cold bridges";
additional protection of the house from destructive atmospheric influences (moisture, freezing, wind);
reliable sound and vibration isolation;
durability (facade made according to wet technology, can last up to 40 years);

eliminates the appearance of condensate and, as a result, dampness in the house, which occurs due to the “breathing” external plaster;
the cost of a wet facade is acceptable, especially in comparison with other methods of insulation;
technology doesn't steal usable space in room.

Speaking about the pros, we should also mention the disadvantages that this methodology has:

work should be carried out under optimal temperature conditions on the street (if the temperature is below +5 ° C, then it is almost impossible to achieve the desired result);
each layer requires a certain time to dry, so unforeseen precipitation can adversely affect the quality of insulation in the end;
the ingress of dust and dirt during operation also adversely affects the result, so the surface should be protected from wind.

Helpful advice! Insulation work on a building with a wet facade must not be carried out during rainy seasons. Therefore, it is better to plan installation for spring or summer, when there is much less precipitation.

Wet facade technology: step by step instructions

Based on the above advantages and disadvantages, the conclusion suggests itself that this technology allows you to create high-quality thermal insulation, subject to minimal financial investments. The main principle is a clear phasing in the application of all layers. The work execution technology includes three or four stages of wet facade formation. The photos clearly demonstrate this. Each of the layers fulfills its functional purpose.

layer of plaster	Main works	Executable function
Adhesive or preparatory	Preparing the base, installing fasteners and priming with glue	Determines the degree of reliability of fastening of the future structure
heat insulating	Fastening thermal insulation boards with glue and dowels	Provides a degree of insulation of the walls of the building
reinforcing	Includes installation of reinforcing mesh	Ensures the strength and reliability of the structure and serves as the basis for the final finishing layer
Decorative	Applying decorative plaster in a variety of ways and painting	Protects thermal insulation boards from weathering and ensures the external beauty of the walls

All stages perform a number of important functions that ensure the overall reliability, strength and durability of the structure, so each of them requires a responsible approach and detailed study.

Wet facade: installation technologypreparatory phase

Before starting work on insulation, care should be taken to prepare the base. To this end, the walls are thoroughly cleaned and all defects are eliminated. It is necessary to cover the cracks with mortar and level the surface. If the surface is heavily soiled, it is recommended to use detergents.

Next, the surface is tested for strength. To do this, small pieces of insulation are glued to the wall. If they hold securely and do not break into pieces, then you can proceed with the installation. If they are easily torn off together with the top layer of the wall, then the stripping should be carried out again.

After the wall is fully prepared, a primer is applied to it. And after drying - a layer of glue. If the surface of the house consists of a material with increased absorption, then the soil layer should be more solid. It's better to apply it twice. Old plaster from window and door slopes is recommended to be removed in advance.

On preparatory stage care should be taken to install the profile strip. The plinth profile will contribute to the uniform distribution of the load from the thermal insulation boards and protect the lower row of insulation from moisture.

Helpful advice! The smooth flow of the process can be ensured by a special facade insulation kit sold in hardware stores. The adhesive mixture for the wet facade ceresit has proven itself well.

The profile is mounted at a level of approximately 35-40 cm from the ground with a three-millimeter gap between the planks placed horizontally, in case expansion occurs under the influence of temperatures. The profile is attached directly to dowels or self-tapping screws. Their number depends on the density and weight of the selected material for thermal insulation. Most often they are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.

Thermal insulation stage for a wet facade: work sequence

Installation of the heat-insulating layer is one of the main stages, as it is the fastening of the insulation boards. The process itself requires a clear sequence and the implementation of a number of rules.

Applying glue to the board surface. The adhesive solution is distributed along the perimeter of the material with a wide strip, retreating from the edge of approximately 3 cm. In the middle, the adhesive is distributed dotted. The main thing is that more than 40% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe plate is covered with the adhesive mixture. If lamella mats serve as a heat-insulating layer, then the adhesive solution must be applied over the entire surface.

Slab laying. Wet facade insulation technology involves the installation of a heater "on the run" by analogy with brickwork. In this case, the tiles should be pressed tightly against each other and against the wall. Adhesive that has come out must be removed immediately. The laying process takes place from the bottom up, starting from the basement profile. It will take 3-4 days for the glue to dry completely.

Fixing plates with dowels. At the next stage, the heat-insulating layer should be additionally fixed with dowels. Their length should be selected based on the thickness of the insulation layer, the adhesive solution and the margin for recessing into the wall. If the degree of insulation density for a wet facade is high, then 5 cm is enough for a recess, for porous materials this figure should reach 8-9 cm. From 7 to 15 dowels will be needed per 1 m² of surface. Their number depends on the density of the heat-insulating plates, the diameter of the fasteners and the height of the insulation.

Even before installing the dowel, a nest is prepared under it. Given that correct fastening clamping sleeves will be placed close to the insulation.

Wet facade: technologylaying the reinforcing layer

The reinforced base is necessary to ensure a reliable level of adhesion of decorative plaster over the insulation. For this purpose, a special mesh is attached to the adhesive base, sinking it into the middle. The installation of the reinforcing layer begins at least two days after the application of the heat-insulating layer.

Helpful advice! For strengthening, it is recommended to use a mesh resistant to alkaline influences, made on the basis of fiberglass, which has a reliable coating. Otherwise, after a year, the reinforcing layer will begin to collapse, and the plaster will simply crumble.

First, the mesh is attached to the corner slopes in the openings of windows and doors, as well as at the junction of vertical slopes and lintels. Then they go to the corners of the building from the outside, and in the end - to the rest of the sections.

Related article:

The choice of the type of insulation. Features of materials, their advantages and disadvantages. The main stages of installation of insulation.

The process itself is the application of a layer of special glue. Then a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh is gradually gently recessed into it. It is overlapped, which ensures the formation of a reliable reinforced base. Excess material is cut off. The total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be a maximum of 6 mm, while the mesh itself is located two millimeters from the surface of the insulation.

When creating a wet facade on buildings with increased load or on basement floors it is necessary to use a reinforced armored mesh that can withstand higher loads. It is the reinforcing layer that plays a big role in the strength of the entire structure. It provides the wall resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences. It is equally important that the mesh resist the alkaline effects of the aggressive components contained in the plaster solution.

Wet facade plaster:decorative layer technology

The finishing layer plays a dual role, as it is responsible for the external attractiveness of the walls and at the same time serves as a protection of the heat-insulating layer from external negative influences. At the same time, the plaster must have a certain porosity in order to pass excessive condensate, providing a "breath" to the wall.

Decorative finishing is the final phase in the installation process, performed using the wet facade technology. The plaster begins to be applied only after the complete drying of the reinforcing layer. This will take about a week. At the same time, in addition to high decorative qualities, the plastered surface must meet a number of requirements:

have a high degree of vapor permeability;
be resistant to atmospheric influences in the form of rain, snow, fog and other precipitation, as well as to the influence of direct sunlight;
have high resistance to mechanical damage.

In order for the plaster to easily lay on the insulation, the plates must fit snugly against each other. Permissible error - maximum 3 mm. Otherwise, the next two layers will not be able to mask the flaws, which will affect the appearance of the entire structure. You will either have to apply a very thick layer of plaster, or put up with bumps. This fact indicates that it is necessary to select high-quality materials, as well as to use a special plaster mix - for outdoor work.

Helpful advice! Compliance with the temperature regime affects the quality of work and the durability of the plaster service. As in the case of fixing plates, working mixture should be applied at a temperature of at least +5 °C. The maximum indicator is +30 ° C, since excessive exposure to sunlight can adversely affect the quality of the plaster.

Species diversity of plaster finishing wet facade

The final stage in the complex of works on the creation of the facade by the wet method is the application of the plaster layer. A variety of methods are used to organize the thermal insulation layer. decorative finishes, the main ones are discussed below.

Mineral plaster. The material is a binding mixture, the basis of which is Portland cement. The main advantage of this type of coating is a high level of strength and vapor permeability. Finishing of this type is resistant to moisture, does not dampen and does not collapse. The next advantage is the affordable price. The disadvantages include a narrow choice of colors.

Silicate plaster is a kind of mineral, as it contains. It is well suited for decorating aerated concrete and foam block walls, as well as for use as part of the wet facade technology, since it has a high level of vapor permeability. However, it should be noted that before applying it, it will be necessary to cover the surface with a layer of a special primer.

Acrylic plaster basically contains resin in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The positive qualities of the material are elasticity and a high degree of adhesion in relation to different surfaces. To avoid cracking, acrylic is applied in a thin layer on a reinforced fiberglass mesh treated with a sealant.

Silicone plaster has a number unique properties, it is very flexible and viscous. Even if the building sags, the wall covered with a silicone layer will not crack. This finish is presented in a wide range color scheme and has the property of self-cleaning. Thus, the wall itself under the influence of precipitation will be cleaned of dust and dirt.

The basis of the wet facade: materials for work

Having considered in detail all the stages of work, the novice master will be able to assess his strength in terms of independent device wet facade with insulation. If a positive decision is made, then care should be taken to have a complete arsenal of materials and tools. The list below will take into account all the details. So, this technology assumes the presence of basic materials:

Thermal insulation boards as a base material require a special approach in the selection. It is necessary to calculate in advance the thickness of the plates, on which the degree of thermal insulation depends, and to study the characteristics of different heaters.
The base profile is selected taking into account the width and thickness of the selected heat-insulating boards. The number is calculated based on the size of the building.
Wet facade mesh, which serves as a reinforcement of the entire structure, is most often a rolled fiberglass material. For buildings with a large load, more reliable grids are used.
Wet façade adhesive is used to fix the slabs. Select it in accordance with the selected insulation.
Decorative plaster is applied at the final stage. You can use ready-made formulations.

Helpful advice! In the choice of materials for the manufacture of a wet facade, they are primarily guided by the qualities and characteristics of the selected insulation. For example, mineral wool glue is not suitable for fixing foam boards and vice versa.

Additional materials for creating a wet facade with your own hands

The above list of materials is considered basic, but far from exhaustive. If you do not take care of purchasing a complete set before making a wet facade, then a number of inconveniences and difficulties may arise in the process of project implementation.

The primer is applied at the preparatory stage in order to ensure better adhesion of the plates and the wall. The type of primer is selected in accordance with the type of decorative plaster.

The composition for plastering the protective and reinforced layers is applied directly to the insulation, although it is often confused with decorative plaster. These are different compositions - and this should be taken into account. One of the main differences is the higher price of plaster for finishing.

The paint is intended for decorating walls and serves as a certain protection against atmospheric influences. Do not neglect this material and save on it.

A necessary component are mushroom-shaped dowels. It would seem a trifle, but without them reliable fixation of the plates will not be ensured. Therefore, you should take care of their acquisition in advance.

Dowels for fixing the plinth are a separate element, very important even at the preparatory stage. The length of the dowel-nails depends on the material of the wall where the profile is attached. During the installation of the plinth, you should also take care of the presence of special elements for connecting at bends and in corners.

In order to purchase a complete set, manufacturers offer complete systems, which already include all the necessary materials and tools for creating a wet facade. At the same time, not every set takes into account the individual needs of the owners, and therefore, when buying such sets, you need to be careful.

Tools needed for wall insulation with a wet facade

The list of tools for performing work using wet facade technology should include almost the entire arsenal of an experienced builder and a number of special devices that will greatly facilitate and speed up the process. In particular, you will need:

a square required for marking right angles and angles of 45 °;
building level, designed to determine the degree of deviation of parts from surfaces in a horizontal or vertical direction;
tape measure for measuring the length and width of various materials;
metalwork hammer, designed to work with different materials;
saw with fine teeth for cutting foam materials;
construction mixer for mixing dry building mixtures of sand, plaster, glue, putty;
rollers for priming at different stages and for painting the finishing layer of decorative plaster;
swiss trowels used to cover the surface with various mixtures and to smooth them;
trowel with teeth, used for gluing and fixing by "embedding" the reinforcing layer;

a simple plastic trowel for applying putty and plaster compositions;
trowel for convenient mixing of the solution;
spatulas and trowels of various sizes;
cutter for deepening the dowels when attaching the plates to the wall;
sealant gun.

Helpful advice! The acquisition of tools should be taken care of at the preparatory stage. This list is maximum and extensive, but it is possible that additional tools may be needed in the process of work.

Wet facade insulation: variety of materials and features of choice

Facade heaters are divided into two large groups - products made of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. Foam materials are lightweight, quick installation and a high level of thermal protection. The main drawback of the material is its combustibility. Mineral wool for a wet facade is much more expensive, while being more reliable in terms of its performance. Plates made of this material do not burn, have a high level of vapor permeability.

The density of mineral wool for a wet façade must be at least 150 kg/m³, and the tensile strength must be at least 15 kPa. It is recommended to give preference in choosing to basalt fiber slabs. As for the foam, for insulation work, you should choose a special-purpose material with low flammability. Experts do not advise in this area to use extruded polystyrene foam, which has low vapor permeable characteristics and has poor adhesion to the adhesive solution.

In different conditions, different types of insulation boards are used. The choice is guided by the physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation, based on its specific purpose. In addition, each group of insulation has its own classification.

Mineral wool for wet facade: materials for manufacturing and their advantages

So, mineral wool slabs are the best suited for finishing facades. This advantage is due to a number of specific positive characteristics:

durability;

fire resistance;
excellent vapor permeability;
high level of heat and sound insulation;
resistance to chemical and biological substances;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation.

Besides, certain types wool, in particular products based on phenolic binders, have a high level of moisture resistance. The most preferred are diabase or basalt wool slabs for a wet facade. The price of such a heater is much higher than other analogues, but this is the case when they pay for quality.

Since the strength of mineral wool should start from 15 kPa, and the material itself should not react with plaster, the use of fiberglass boards in this area is impractical. This is due to the fact that such mineral wool is easily destroyed in alkaline environment and does not have sufficient tensile strength.

Fiberglass boards will begin to crumble under the influence of alkalis, which are contained in the base reinforced layer and adhesive solution. The pH level of these materials averages 12.5. The corresponding reaction does not begin immediately, but after a couple of years. Destruction occurs especially intensively under the influence of strong winds. Thus, a wet facade made of fiberglass boards will become unusable very quickly.

Additional qualities as criteria for choosing a mineral insulation for a wet facade

An important indicator in the choice of thermal insulation boards is the coefficient of moisture absorption. It is desirable that its level be at around 15%, since moisture absorbed into the material will lead to its inevitable deformation and adversely affect thermal conductivity. Slabs with a high degree of moisture absorption do not provide the required level of solidity of the facade. As a result, such a design will not last more than two years.

Helpful advice! The density index of the wet facade mineral wool should range from 150 to 180 kg / m³. Otherwise, the process of applying the finishing layer becomes more complicated and there is a risk of delamination of the entire thermal insulation coating of the facade.

The technology of a wet facade on mineral wool involves the selection of plates in such a way that the degree of vapor permeability from the first (preparatory) to the last (decorative) layer gradually increases. Compliance with this requirement will provide favorable conditions and prevent condensation in the middle of the structure. In the climatic conditions of Russia, most of the time throughout the year, the temperature inside the houses is much higher than outside. These conditions greatly increase the likelihood of condensation.

Wet foam facade: material features and requirements for its selection

a certain list positive qualities another group of heaters also possesses, the main raw material in the production of which is expanded polystyrene. It should be noted here:

low cost;
lightness of the material;
high thermal and sound insulation;
vapor permeability;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation.

The list of shortcomings of foam boards significantly exceeds the similar characteristics of mineral wool. The main disadvantage is the flammability of the material. In order to eliminate this shortcoming, manufacturers process the insulation with special chemicals- flame retardants. Thus, even in the event of a fire, the spread of fire will be suspended, that is, the flame can die out by itself.

Fire safety is also provided by special inserts made of non-combustible materials, in particular from mineral wool. The use of this method led to the emergence of a separate combined material.

Among other disadvantages of the material - low degree biosecurity. Insects and even rodents can settle in the foam. Also, expanded polystyrene plates are more fragile, which creates certain problems during installation, and less wear-resistant in operation.

Requirements for polystyrene boards for wet facade: price and quality

Before you buy a material for a wet facade made of expanded polystyrene, you should study its characteristics and compliance with all requirements. It must have a tensile strength of at least 100 kPa and a density between 15 and 25 kg/m³.

Helpful advice! The choice of material in accordance with all requirements for it and its correct installation, with strict adherence to the technology of installing a wet facade for insulation, guarantee its service life for 20-30 years. Repair of the decorative layer will have to be done a little more often, but the costs will be much less.

Quality material can be determined even by external data. Insulation granules should fit as tightly as possible to each other and have approximately the same size. Otherwise, such a foam will bring maximum problems, starting with the installation process and ending with direct operation. Low-quality coarse-grained material absorbs an increased amount of moisture, which, in turn, entails its deformation and leads to a loss of thermal insulation qualities and premature destruction of the facade

The shape of the heat-insulating boards made of expanded polystyrene should be the same as that of a regular rectangle. The error is allowed no more than 2 mm per 1 m. The differences in the thickness of the insulation can be a maximum of 1 mm, and the deviation on the surface of the front plane should not exceed 0.5%. Otherwise, it is impossible to insulate the facade of the house without defects. A wet facade from the outside will have low aesthetic characteristics, and its service life will be reduced several times.

Consumption of materials for arranging a wet facade: photos of private houses

As for other types construction works, the consumption of materials is approximately based on the required amount per 1 m² of the finished wet facade. Warming the house from the outside involves the following costs:

primers will need approximately 250 milliliters per 1 m²;
adhesive solution for fixing heat-insulating plates is spent at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m²;
the consumption of the insulation itself with a plate thickness of at least 5 cm corresponds to the area to be insulated;
dowels for fixing plates will need about 5 pieces per 1 m²;
mesh for a wet facade is consumed at the rate of 1.3 m² per 1 m²;
plasters for the leveling layer should be purchased based on the needs of 0.3 kg per 1 m²;

primer consumption under the finishing layer is approximately 0.3 kg per 1 m²;
finished decorative plaster will need about 3 kg per 1 m².

In order to correctly calculate the required amount of materials, you need to be guided by the instructions on the packaging of the material, but it is better to purchase ready-made kits. In this market segment, the Ceresit wet facade system has proven itself well. The technology of facade insulation using mineral wool boards involves the use of the Ceresit WM brand.

For insulation using polystyrene foam technology, the Ceresit wet facade is marked VWS. Plates for thermal insulation are treated with adhesive and fixed to the wall, a special protective layer with reinforced fiberglass. The system of the corresponding brand contains all the necessary materials.

Components of the price of the installation of a wet facade per m 2

The price of the finished wet facade includes the total cost of preparatory, installation and decorative work. The main costs are for materials based on their cost per 1 m² for a blank wall.

Important! The main component of the total cost of a wet facade is the price of insulation, which depends on its type, density and mineral additives.

total cost finished system represents the total price of the constituent components:

adhesive mixture for fixing insulation;
plaster mortar for the base;
mixtures for decorative plaster;
fiberglass mesh for the reinforced layer;
dowels and other fasteners;
two types of primer;
thermal insulation boards.

Finished systems usually do not take into account the cost of additional and optional parts, various profiles and auxiliary fasteners. Also, not all manufacturers offer thermal insulation materials in the complex. In this case, you should keep in mind the average cost of insulation. For example, the average price of mineral wool for a wet facade 10 cm thick is about 650 rubles. for 1 m². The cost of expanded polystyrene for the same indicators – about 250 rubles.

Thus, the price of a wet facade per m² with mineral wool slabs will be about 1200 rubles. A thermal insulation system made of expanded polystyrene will cost much less - about 750 rubles. for 1 m².

Arrangement of a wet facade: the cost of work form² to order

The total cost of installing insulation and decorating it includes payment for the services of craftsmen or contractors. This is the case if the work is not done independently. The total price ranges from 1000 to 2500 rubles per square meter. It all depends on the total amount of work, the type of materials and the method of decorating the finished wall. The main components and the average price of wet facade installation are shown in the table below:

Type of work performed	Cost, rub./m²
Installation and dismantling of scaffolding for construction	130 – 150
Surface primer for deep penetration	60 – 90
Fixing the insulation with adhesive and leveling the wall	370 – 450
Installation of a reinforcing layer with a base plaster layer and flush embedding	330 – 370
Wall priming with quartz sand	65 – 75
Decorative plastering of various types	240 – 350
Decoration with stone on the facade plinth	870 – 920

A wide range of prices for facade wet plastering is justified by the varying degrees of complexity of the decoration process. The list may also include additional work, such as installation decorative elements. Their cost is calculated separately and depends on the complexity.

Additional factors affecting the cost of wet facade work

The above services and their cost are not constant. The list can be much longer, and the price increases due to the appearance of additional costs. The final price per m² of a turnkey wet facade depends on a number of additional factors. In particular, you should take into account:

the original appearance and structure of the facade;

the presence of flaws and damage;
the level of complexity of the work performed;
the total number of openings for doors and windows, as well as their location;
quality characteristics of materials and their quantity;
total amount of work.

Helpful advice! The calculation of the cost is made individually for each specific case. Sometimes, even with an identical list of works and the same processing area, the price can differ significantly.

Thus, the total cost includes additional costs. For example, labor-intensive work at high altitude will require the installation of auxiliary scaffolding. The cost of their rental depends on the height and period of use. It should also be noted that work at height is much more expensive, as it requires special skills and insurance arrangements. The pricing is influenced by the costs associated with delivery and the features of individual facades.

Installation of a wet system will cost an order of magnitude cheaper than arrangement, but its further operation will cost more. Wet facade technology is usually used for insulation of private houses, and ventilated facade technology is used for finishing larger buildings. With what it is connected, we will consider below.

Ventilated facades: pricedictated by quality

Speaking about the scope of the wet facade method, it is worth mentioning such a feature as limited resistance to temperature extremes. Based on many years of research, the European Association of Plaster Type Thermal Insulation Systems came to the conclusion that the wet facade technology is not appropriate in all climatic conditions.

Even the most reliable and expensive materials, installation in compliance with all requirements do not give a long-term guarantee of service in the conditions of the inland climate of temperate latitudes, which prevails in a significant part of the territory of Russia. As a starting point for the application of the wet facade system, the scientists of the association took grapes, or rather, not the plant itself, but the cycle of its ripening. That is, in a zone where climatic conditions allow the ripening of at least one of its varieties, the use of technology is appropriate.

In conditions of constant rain and high humidity, for example, in close proximity to the sea, the use of this technology is undesirable. This is due to the weak moisture resistance of this type of facade. If the wall will be subjected to frequent mechanical stress, then the installation of a wet facade is also not recommended.

Based on the listed contraindications, an alternative facade technology was invented according to the plaster type in the form of a hinged thermal insulation system with air gap. In other words, a ventilated facade. What are the similarities, differences and advantages of this type of building insulation - we will understand further.

Helpful advice! You can check the quality of thermal insulation under a ventilated and wet facade using a thermal imager. Warm tones in the photo show heat loss, and dark tones show the heat resistance of the walls.

Comparative characteristics of a ventilated and wet facade: photos of houses and buildings

The hinged system differs from the plaster one in that when installing a wet facade, the plaster is applied directly to the thermal insulation layer. The ventilated facade involves the installation facade panel from fiber cement at a certain distance from the insulation, which creates the necessary protection against precipitation. In addition, thanks to the protective screen, excess moisture that has appeared behind the facade panel can evaporate through the air opening.

Thus, the ventilated facade has an additional number of functions compared to the wet method and provides:

additional protection against moisture, as well as sound insulation;
the highest degree of protection against ignition;
coolness in the room summer period, which allows you to save on air conditioners;
elimination of flaws on the wall in the form of irregularities and curvatures;
ease and speed of installation;
a wide range of design options;
additional thermal insulation, which is facilitated by the presence of an air cushion.

In addition, the fiber cement coating does not require additional maintenance and repair of the decorative layer after a few years. Hinged structure can last without intervention for several decades.

When solving the dilemma of which facade to choose, you can be guided by the following recommendations. A wet facade is appropriate when it is necessary to minimize the cost of finishing the building and minimize the load on the walls. In this way, it is possible to design perfectly even walls without observing special requirements for the strength and wear resistance of the facade.

The hinged sheathing, in turn, compensates for the unevenness of the wall and helps to hide any defects. Works on installation of a ventilating facade can be carried out at any time of the year, even at a negative temperature.

Areas of application for wet façade and ventilated façade

The scope of ventilated facades is much wider. They are used for insulation of private houses, finishing of multi-storey buildings and public buildings. The most widely used for decorating shops, cafes, shopping and entertainment centers and other public and commercial institutions.

Important! Wet facades are used for thermal insulation of low-rise buildings and utility rooms, as well as, if necessary, saving on insulation. As a budget option, this method is also applicable in the energy saving system of state institutions and public buildings.

In the cladding of ventilated facades, various materials, in particular:

porcelain stoneware plates;
aluminum and composite panels;
fiber cement;
high pressure laminate boards.

The main advantages of a porcelain stoneware facade are its durability, various colors and high aesthetic characteristics. But such material is quite expensive. The price of aluminum composite panels is more affordable. The material itself is universal, and thanks to a wide range of colors and structures, it allows to realize the most daring fantasies of the architect.

Fiber cement is a material imitating stone, resistant to moisture and sun. It is easy to install and open type mounts. It is most often used for facing residential buildings. Laminate panels are a new material that has different colors, textures, is resistant to weathering and fire, it is light, durable and environmentally friendly. In addition, it is cheaper than porcelain stoneware counterparts.

Wet facade technology for mineral wool: instructions, useful tips and secrets of the masters

If, after considering all kinds of insulation options, the choice was made in favor of a wet facade using mineral wool slabs, and it was decided to do the work yourself, then you need to take into account a number of secrets of the masters.

It's worth starting with the choice of material. So, on the Internet and special literature, you can find a recommendation regarding the replacement of mineral wool with fiberglass. This is a misconception, since over time, fiberglass plates begin to sag under vibration effects, and so-called cold paths form in the insulation layer.

To achieve the maximum thermal insulation effect, it is worth taking care of the insulation of not only the facade, but also the floor, as well as the ceiling. In particular, this applies to apartments above unheated rooms or on the upper floors.

Given that right choice materials and strict adherence to instructions, the warranty period of the facade can reach half a century. Additional protection of the finishing layer of plaster will be provided by coating with a special paint, which, moreover, will extend its service life. For this purpose, it is worth using water-dispersion paint with acrylic, silicone or silicate impurities. Its color variety includes more than a thousand shades.

Helpful advice! During painting, you should look at the design and estimate documentation, which indicates the original color of the building - the new shade must match it.

Conditions for successful insulation using wet facade installation technology: video recommendations

Wet technology insulation should take place in conditions of complete protection from frost and precipitation. If the work does not require delay and its completion occurs in adverse conditions, then you should take care of the construction of special scaffolding and cover them with a dense film, which will provide temporary protection from wind and moisture and create a small thermal circuit.

Before starting work on the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to tightly close all access to the interior of the room from windows and doors. It is better to complete all internal draft work in the house before the start of insulation. On the wall outside, a series of fasteners and brackets should be placed in advance, which will hold air conditioners, chambers, ebbs or downpipes.

It is necessary to work with adhesive solutions in the shade or with high cloudiness, as much as possible excluding the ingress of sunlight on the mixture. The distance between the thermal insulation boards and the reinforcing mesh must be at least 2 mm, which ensures the filling of the adhesive.

For the overall strength of the multi-layer structure, it is required to allow several days for each layer to dry. Haste in this case is unacceptable. The operational characteristics of decorative plaster depend on the conditions of the work. Optimal prerequisites are temperatures above 5 ° C, increased cloudiness, dry calm weather.

For plaster, it is necessary to select only materials for outdoor work that can fully withstand negative influences. The top plaster layer must have a high level of thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, be durable and resistant to mechanical, chemical and atmospheric influences.

House insulation wet facade: summarizing

Wet facade technology, although inferior in a number of ways performance characteristics ventilated facade, is the leader among existing methods insulation. Its advantages lie in the use of modern high-quality thermal insulation materials, the service life of some of them can reach half a century. Special exterior finish with high aesthetic characteristics not only guarantees the external beauty of modern residential buildings, but also makes this technology acceptable in the restoration of architectural sights.

To achieve the best result, you need to trust the work of certified companies, as well as use high-quality materials from manufacturers that have proven themselves in the construction market. To prevent the occurrence of chemical reactions, it should be noted that the individual components must be compatible with each other. Each subsequent layer should have an increased level of vapor permeability in relation to the previous one. Do not forget about the strength and density of materials and their compliance with fire and environmental requirements.

The design is designed to provide a high degree of sound protection in two directions (both inside and outside the house). The quality of the materials affects the longer service life of not only the insulation layer, but the entire house, protecting the walls from precipitation and mechanical damage. The facade closes the main structure from the effects of wind, frost, pollution, ultraviolet radiation and humidity.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of various options for decorative plaster in the wet facade system, finishing elements and color design allows you to implement on the outside of the building various style ideas, which cannot be done using other methods of insulation, for example, ventilated facade technology.

Creating a wet facade is one of the most simple ways facing the front of the building. This option is used quite often, because the work can be done without the use of sophisticated equipment and professional skills. But the process has certain rules and nuances, taking into account which allows you to get a reliable and durable coating.

From the name it is clear that this method involves the use of materials that have a liquid structure. That is, the final cladding is created by applying various types of plaster.

The “wet facade” system includes many layers, so the design resembles a pie. This method has been used for a long time, which indicates its effectiveness. Unlike the "dry" version, which is a fixation finishing materials on the base or frame using special holding devices or self-tapping screws, wet has a completely different technology.

The “wet facade” differs from simple facade plaster by the presence of powerful thermal insulation.

A feature of this method is the possibility of completely leveling the appearance of the dew point. This is achieved due to the fact that all elements have a common bond, and the surface is almost completely devoid of joints.

Since the structure being created refers to non-ventilated facades, all work is carried out with the obligatory thorough preparation of the base.

Advantages and disadvantages

System advantages:

Decorative. The texture and color of the outer layer depend solely on the design intent. Work in progress various types plasters, which can have a variety of textures and be painted in the desired shade. An excellent result can be achieved using a stencil that imitates stone or brick laying.
Availability. All materials used in the work have a democratic value. Naturally, the costs depend on the type of plaster and putty.
Light weight. The total mass does not exert a serious load.
Additional heat and sound insulation. The multi-level structure reliably protects against noise pollution, and also helps to retain heat and create a comfortable microclimate.
No condensation. It arises due to the fact that inland areas dew point appears on the walls. In this case, it moves into the insulating layer and excess moisture evaporates without any problems.

With external insulation, the dew point moves into the thermal insulation layer, respectively, condensate is completely absent

Significant disadvantages cannot be ruled out:

Installation of a wet facade is carried out only under favorable weather conditions. Temperature and humidity indicators largely depend on the specific product.
If precipitation occurs during the work, the process stops until the surface is completely dry.
Hot sunny days after the end of all procedures also negatively affect the quality: top layer with rapid drying, numerous cracks appear. This reduces the level of protection of the object and reduces the service life of the coating.

The correctness of the work is also important, any violations can threaten serious problems in the future.

For urban residents, a “wet facade” is, in fact, the only way to insulate housing well and for a long time without losing square meters.

System device

Wet facade device does not include complex schemes layout and placement of materials. It is important to accurately and consistently carry out the technological steps.

System structure:

Insulation is attached to the base with the help of an adhesive composition. The fixing solution must have good adhesion and not affect the material. Thermal insulation products are selected in such a thickness that is necessary for a particular case, taking into account the characteristics of the area. The best are modern views: foam plastic and foam plastic. As the main fastener, special dowels with a large cap are used.
A layer of mortar is laid on top of the thermal insulation. A reinforcing mesh is fixed on it and completely covered with the composition.
The cladding is plaster, which is applied with the necessary thickness depending on the selected product.

On a note! The last coating can be paint, which will protect the surface from premature destruction and give an attractive appearance.

The popularity of the “wet facade” external insulation system is largely due to the affordable cost of basic materials and ease of installation.

Do-it-yourself installation

The wet facade installation technology assumes that the installation of insulation and all subsequent layers is started after other activities have been completed. This list includes flooring or partial replacement of roofing and ceilings; protection of the foundation and preparation of the basement for further action; installation of all external and internal communications. Work is recommended to start after the building shrinks. Object including interior spaces must be well dried.

There is an opinion that under the "wet facade" the walls need to be carefully leveled, in fact, differences up to 20 - 30 mm can be leveled with mounting adhesive

To achieve a better result, the process is divided into several stages:

Training.
Insulation lining.
Creation of a reinforcing layer.
Finish events.

It is necessary to strictly follow the sequence of all stages.

Preparation of material and base

Work begins with the preparation and acquisition the right materials and tools:

The surface is cleaned from dirt and dust. If there is an old layer, then it is completely removed.
Much attention is paid to checking the coating for traces of fungus and mold. If there are damaged areas, then the problem is first eliminated.
Cracks and crevices are embroidered and smeared with putty.
If there is a strong skew of the base, then alignment is performed.
The surface is primed.

The initial treatment of the walls with a primer is mandatory, the composition is selected depending on the type of base (wood, brick, concrete, cellular concrete), if it was not possible to find a specialized soil, then you can take a universal

Further work is started after complete drying.

Insulation laying

The heater is purchased with a small margin. Fixing happens like this:

At the selected distance from the ground (this parameter is determined by further work with the base), the starting profile is set. It is fixed through special gaskets to ensure the mobility of the structure during thermal expansion. Alternatively, a suitable metal profile is used.
Thermal insulation boards are laid on the prepared adhesive. Fixing starts from the first row. The upper parts are offset to avoid the coincidence of vertical joints, for this one element is cut in half.
After the glue has set, holes are drilled and dowels are installed that fix the insulation.
If required, the joints are slightly foamed. Excess foam is cut off.

If the facade is even, then it is better to apply the adhesive on the insulation with a continuous notched trowel; when facing curved walls, the composition is applied in a thick layer in fragments, as in photo No. 1

The next step is started after 2-3 days, depending on the type of adhesive.

Creating a reinforcing layer

The reinforcing layer is created in the following order:

The base plaster mixture or adhesive is being prepared.
Application is carried out with a spatula. First, a thin layer is laid, equal in size to the first fiberglass mesh tape.
The reinforcing fabric is pressed into the solution and covered with the composition. The mesh joints are overlapped.

Mounting adhesive for fiberglass mesh can be applied to the “naked” insulation, if it is decided to use the starting plaster, then it is desirable to prime the insulation

The total thickness of this layer should not exceed 5–6 mm. It is necessary to wait for the surface to dry, then cover it with a primer and leave it to dry completely.

Finishing work

For this step, select facade plaster. It includes many types with different properties. The main requirement is vapor permeability.

After hardening of the starting reinforced layer, they begin to apply the finishing composition, which can be used as any decorative plaster for facades

The selected finishing mixture is prepared and laid in a small layer with a spatula. The solution is applied sequentially and carefully leveled with a rule. When working with decorative plasters the mixture is used according to the recommendations specified by the manufacturer. The final step may be priming and painting. To achieve the best decorative effect, a combination of shades is possible.

Installation of the “wet facade” system is not very difficult, but it takes time and effort.