Which end to plant an avocado. How to plant an avocado

The fact that avocados feel great not only in the hot tropics, but also on the windowsill, many lovers of domestic plants managed to make sure. But to grow an exotic tree in the open field middle lane not every experienced gardener will take the risk. Such caution is understandable: culture is extremely sensitive to low temperatures. And yet there are daredevils who, despite the difficulties, managed to "tame" a heat-loving plant.

Varieties of avocado

In cultural cultivation, 3 categories (races) of avocados are well known. However, for open ground mid-latitudes are not suitable for all of them. The Guatemalan and West Indian races are immediately excluded because of their thermophilicity. The latter does not tolerate even zero temperatures. But the Mexican avocado is worth a closer look. This race is able to endure temperatures down to -6 ° C. Of course, this indicator winter hardiness is very modest, however, with a well-organized seat, there is every chance of success.

Growing seedlings from fruit seeds

The technology of growing avocados from seeds is well known to lovers of home plant exotics. Trees for cultivation in the garden are grown in the same way:

To obtain seeds, several ripe fruits are selected. At least two seeds will be needed, since avocados do not bear fruit well in a single planting. For safety net, it is better to take a few seeds.
The selected fruits are cut, the bones are removed and washed under running water.
In the hard shell of each bone, 3-4 holes are drilled into which matches or toothpicks are inserted.
The bone on the spacers-toothpicks is fixed over a glass of water so that its lower blunt part is immersed in the liquid. V drilled holes water must not enter!
After 2-4 weeks, the shell will burst, and roots will appear a little later.
When the length of the roots reaches 3-4 cm, the stone is planted in loose nutrient soil, cleaned in heat and watered regularly.

This method of planting is very common among growers, however, when planting, there is a high risk of damage to the roots. If you germinate the bone in a different way, this problem can be avoided:

The bones are soaked in hot water(about + 50 ° C), after which the shell is removed from them.
The upper (sharp) part of the seed is cut off (1 cm), the cut point is treated with a solution of any fungicide.
Seeds are planted in separate pots with a diameter of 12-15 cm, filled with a soil-sand mixture. Sowing depth - about 2-3 cm. The cut should remain above the surface.
Germination takes place in a dark place at a temperature of +18–20° C. Seedlings appear in 20–30 days. During this time, crops are provided with regular moderate watering.

At home, seedlings are kept until they reach a height of 35–40 cm, after which they are planted in the ground.

A place for avocado

In the middle lane, growing such an exotic crop as avocado is possible only in a specially dug trench, since on open area the plant will die out in the first winter. Trench preparation is a laborious process, so it should be started in advance:

Having determined a warm, sunny area for planting, they dig a trench with a width of 1.2 m and a depth of about 1.5 m.
The extracted soil is discarded on 2 sides. fertile soil the top layer will subsequently serve as the basis for the nutrient substrate. From the poor earth of the lower layers, at the end of the preparation of the trench, a protective shaft is formed, covering the plantings from the northern winds.
The cold wall of the north side is made vertical, after which it is lined with bricks or sewn up with plywood sheets. To ensure uniform illumination of the future subtropical garden, it is recommended to paint plywood or brick white.
The slope of the opposite direction is made gentle, and so that it does not overgrow with weeds, the soil should be covered with a black film.
The bottom of the pit is drained with gravel, rubble or pebbles.
A "roof" made of polycarbonate is installed over the finished shelter.

In a thoroughly prepared trench, tropical trees will not only be able to fully develop, but will also comfortably endure the harsh frosty winter characteristic of the middle lane. By the way, in such a shelter, you can successfully grow other heat-loving crops - figs, lemons, laurels, pomegranates.

Landing in the ground

On the appointed day of landing, work is carried out as follows:

The soil of the fertile layer is generously seasoned with matured compost or humus.
The resulting mixture is poured into the trench with a layer of about 40 cm and carefully trampled down.
At intervals of 1.3–1.5 m, hills of earth 35–40 cm high are poured along the bottom of the trench.
The seedlings are placed on hills without disturbing the old earthy coma, and fill the space around them with a nutrient substrate.
The soil after planting is carefully compacted and watered abundantly.

The further development of seedlings will depend on how competent their care will be.

Watering mode

Avocados tolerate both drought and waterlogging equally poorly, so watering should be regular, but not plentiful. The need for the procedure is determined by immersing a wooden stick into the ground to a depth of 20–25 cm. If the soil is dry and crumbly, the plants need water. After watering the soil trunk circle loosen, providing an influx of oxygen to the roots.

top dressing

Quarterly, avocados are fed with complex mineral fertilizers. For these purposes, special fertilizers for citrus fruits are also suitable. Organics are applied twice per season - at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. Once a year, the trees are sprayed with compounds containing iron and zinc. In order not to burn the roots of plants, top dressing is applied after abundant watering.

pruning

Avocados are characterized by rapid growth, as a result of which the trees require formative pruning. Every spring, the tops and shoots of the trees are shortened so that they do not peek out of the trench, since excessively tall specimens will be very difficult to cover for the winter. Seedlings with a pyramidal crown are given a rounded shape by pruning. Formative pruning is not required for mature plants. For them, the procedure is sanitary in nature, during which diseased, weak or dry branches are cut out.

Wintering avocados in the open field

At the end of autumn, the "roof" made of polycarbonate, covering the landings, is removed. So that tropical trees do not suffer from severe frosts, the trench for the winter is closed with a shield of tightly knocked together boards. A thick layer of earth is poured over the shield. Until the snow falls, the structure can be additionally insulated with dry leaves or straw.

With the coming of spring wood flooring removed, dry leaves are removed from the trench, and the polycarbonate is returned to its original place. It is not worth overdoing the avocado in the shelter: in the heat, the plant will begin to rot. It is best to do this in the last days of April.

After 5–7 years, the lucky ones who managed to grow a full-fledged tree will be able to try the first harvest. Mexican avocado fruits weighing about 200–250 g have a thin skin and tender oily pulp. They are removed from the branches at the stage of technical ripeness, after which they are ripened, folded into a bag of thick waxed paper.

Recently, home flower growers have increasingly seen an interest in exotic plants. Now the turn has come to the avocado (it is also called the alligator pear). With patience and following the rules of growing at home, you can get a beautiful decorative tree.

There are no difficulties with propagating avocados at home, but it will take plenty of time. Only the opening of the bone will take about 2-6 weeks.

In nature, a tree grows up to 20 m, while in room conditions the ceiling becomes a limiter. But if there is a cottage in the southern region of the country, you can risk transplanting avocados to the site.

At home, an alligator pear will develop for several years, subject to certain conditions, decorating the interior of the room with its presence.

Exotic plants are poorly adapted to the Russian climate, so you have to try hard when creating the necessary conditions for growing avocados indoors.

Mode Requirements

A tropical plant needs moist air. It is recommended to purchase a special device for the farm that provides a suitable microclimate. As an option, place a pot of avocado next to flowers that release moisture. Or place the container in a pan with wet sand. This is especially important in hot summers and during the heating season.
The alligator pear loves plenty of light, but does not tolerate direct sunlight. An excess of ultraviolet radiation will become reddening of the leaves. Therefore, it is recommended to visit the blinds on the windows, allowing them to disperse the solar flow.
A here the temperature for the plant should be moderate and keep in the summer about 16-20 degrees Celsius. So no air conditioning here. In winter, the temperature will have to be made even lower, dropping to 10-12 degrees. This important point, since the plant needs a dormant period, in which it sheds leaves and rests before the next growing season.

The requirements for growing avocados may not suit everyone. For example, in winter period in a private house it is easy to comply with the necessary temperature regime if you take the tree to the insulated veranda. In an apartment, this is not realistic if there is no suitable room.

Growing an avocado tree from a stone step by step

To grow an exotic tree, you need a ripe fruit. An alligator pear is not difficult to find in a supermarket. If unripe avocados are sold there, it’s not scary - you can finish it at home by putting it in a paper bag with bananas or apples for several days.

This stage is the most important of preparatory moments. First you need to properly remove the bone from the fetus. Having made a size in the center to a depth of 1 cm, the seed material is removed with a spoon, making rotational movements.

Then the bone is thoroughly washed, trying not to damage the brown peel. Subsequent actions will depend on the chosen germination method.

This is the most common method used by flower growers. The bone is kept suspended over a container of water. To achieve this, take 3-4 toothpicks and stick them at equal distances from each other along the middle "rim". The penetration depth is about 3 mm.

Toothpicks serve as a support for the stone - they are placed on the edge of a glass or jar so that the blunt end of the seed is at the bottom. Water is poured into the container so that a third of the bone is in the liquid.

Throughout the entire time of germination, the water level in the container is monitored, periodically adding it. After waiting for the hatched roots to reach 3 cm, the avocado can be planted in a pot.

In this method of germination, there is another option, where the stone is not suspended, but placed on the bottom of the glass, topped up to the desired water level. Instead of a liquid, you can also use a hydrogel that can retain moisture for a long time.

private method

If in the first variant it is enough to wait for the roots to appear, then with closed method it is not realistic to see the processes, since the stone is immediately placed partially in the ground with the tip up and watered abundantly. The fact that the avocado has taken root is evidenced by the opening of the seed.

For growing an alligator pear, a universal soil mixture for indoor flowers is quite suitable. Although the culture in this regard is not picky, and the only condition is the looseness of the soil.

If there is a cottage, then the land can be taken from there by mixing garden soil with sand and humus. All components are taken in equal parts.

The soil mixture is placed in a prepared container, on the bottom of which they did not forget to pour a small layer of expanded clay or gravel. The pot is not completely filled with soil - you need to leave a free space from the edges of the order of 2 cm.

If the avocado seed was germinated in hydrogels, you can not wait until the roots appear. A signal that the seed has come to life will be a deep crack that has appeared on its body. From this point on, the alligator pear can be transferred to a pot of earth.

A recess is made in the center, into which a broken bone is placed with a blunt end, deepening it by half the length. In the same way, they plant a whole seed for germination in a pot.

If a bone is planted that has already taken root, the hole is made deeper and wider so as not to injure the processes.

While germination is in progress, the soil should be watered abundantly. As soon as a reddish sprout hatches, the irrigation of the soil is reduced.

How to grow an avocado from a seed: video

The period after which the first sprout will appear depends on several points:

it can take from 3 weeks to 2-3 months from the beginning of germination to open the seed;
the sprout, on the other hand, takes only 1-2 weeks to get out of the shell.

The subsequent growth rates will simply surprise the grower - the shoot will add 1 cm per day. Having become stronger, the sprout slows down and begins to grow leaves. This happens at a height of 35 cm from the surface of the earth. In just 3 months, the tree can reach half a meter.

Plant care at home

Avocados need a lot of care. It is very important to observe all the modes (temperature, humidity, lighting) indicated above. Other aspects are also included in home agricultural technology.

Watering is carried out no more than once a decade, so that there is no stagnation of water. Noticing that the leaves have turned yellow, the irrigation of the land is temporarily stopped.

In winter, this procedure is reduced, allowing the topsoil to dry completely. This will allow the tree to slow down in growth in order to calmly sit out the dormant period.

top dressing

From spring to autumn, avocados need additional nutrition. To do this, it is enough to apply fertilizers for ornamental crops to the soil once a month. It can be purchased at a flower shop.

This step in caring for avocados is very important. The tree itself does not give side shoots - they must be formed by pinching the top of the plant at a certain moment. If this is not done, the tree will grow rapidly upwards until it reaches the ceiling. If you don't stop him, the avocado will die.

It is the appearance of side shoots that will make the crown of the tree attractive. To avoid excessive thickening, resort to shaping pruning. Spend it in the spring, when the plant moves away from sleep.

The first pruning of the main shoot is performed when it has about 8-10 leaves. side shoots shortened above the 5th sheet. In the future, this procedure is carried out as needed.

If you plant 3 sprouts at once in one pot, then gradually you can braid a “pigtail” from the shoots, forming an original trunk. This will give even more decorative effect to the tree.

Initially, the bone is planted in a small container. As the tree grows, it should be transplanted, each time choosing a more spacious pot. For the first time, the plant is relocated when it reaches a height of 15 cm. In the future, it is desirable to carry out the procedure once a year. Most the best time for transplantation - February, when the active movement of juices begins.

Even in the usual conditions, avocados do not begin to produce immediately. And in home cultivation it is very difficult to wait for exotic fruits. The plant gives its first fruits when it reaches a height of 1.5-2 m. Therefore, in ordinary apartment the florist is unlikely to get a harvest.

Yes, and in private houses with walls of 3 m, it is not realistic to wait for the fruits. The tree feels the limited space and does not always spend energy even on flowering. Therefore, the avocado is better treated as a barren ornamental plant.

Diseases and pests

The premises are not typical conditions for the development of exotic plants. Therefore, the immune system of avocados is exposed to diseases and pests. Here we should consider the most typical dangers for culture.

The disease is dangerous because harmful microorganisms multiply in the soil and infect the roots. Therefore, the problem cannot be recognized in time. After the roots turn black and become brittle, the infection passes to the trunk, eating away at it from the inside.

A visual sign of the disease are sores crawling out over the bark. It is useless to treat the plant, it is not realistic to stop late blight, especially at this stage. Only decision- destroy the plant completely, removing the soil from the pot, and disinfect the container.

This fungal disease manifests itself immediately as a powdery coating. First, “flour” sprinkles the trunk, then the disease passes to the leaves, which quickly become covered with yellow-green spots.

Since dew does not penetrate the plant, it can be controlled. The tree is treated with any of the fungicides - Topaz, Hom or Oxyhom. The "Bordeaux liquid" also does an excellent job.

This insect that sticks to the plant is familiar to indoor and greenhouse crops. Tightly adjacent to the leaves, petioles, bark, scale insects are painted in a reddish hue. Noticing on indoor plants at least slight signs of a pest, measures must be taken immediately - the scale insect multiplies very quickly.

To get rid of the insect, all parts of the plant are washed with soapy water. For this, in 1 l warm water dissolve 1 tbsp. shredded laundry soap.

But this option is only suitable for a small tree. If the alligator pear has reached a significant size, then without insecticides it cannot be managed here. Therefore, you should keep "Fitoverm" or "Aktara" on hand, and for advanced cases, "Aktellik".

If a false scale attacked the tree, then it can be washed off in the shower, having previously been treated with soapy water. After 3 procedures in a pot, it is necessary to replace upper layer soil.

You can distinguish a true insect from an imitator by the shell coating - in a false shield, it is an integral part of the body.

This pest does not bypass any plant. Although the mite prefers to suck juice from soft tissues, it can often be seen on avocados. Although the plant has hard rough leaves.

The most favorable conditions for the appearance of a tick are dry air. Therefore, during the heating season, you need to pay more attention to humidity.

A sign of a pest invasion will be a cobweb, which can not always be seen on a plant. But the shedding of foliage is already a clear symptom of the lesion. Here without chemicals can no longer be dispensed with (Aktara, Fitoferm, Neoron).

To protect avocados from spider mites, measures are needed that include processing the plant. It is carried out according to a certain system:

primary spraying helps to destroy the bulk of the ticks;
after 10 days, with the help of "Neoron" they kill the newly hatched larvae;
after another week, the rest of the ticks are destroyed.

In order for beginner flower growers to be able to grow a tropical tree at home, it is recommended to pay attention to some points:

when the seed is germinating in the ground, the brown peel is not touched; but when using water or hydrogel, it is better to clean the seed to a green shell, then the process will go faster;
"seating" the bone in a pot, it is recommended to lay a small layer of expanded clay on the surface of the soil - this will allow the avocado to breathe;
if the trunk of the sprout is thin and too elongated, and the foliage is frail, the tree does not have enough light; therefore, it must either be moved to another window, or additional fluorescent lamps should be used;
after 3 years from the moment of cultivation, the tree can give color; but this does not mean that fruits will appear - for the formation of the ovary, one more plant of the same age is needed nearby; for pollination, they must touch each other with branches;
forming an openwork trunk from several shoots, they should not be tightly intertwined; you need to leave small gaps so that the trunks have room to expand.

It is recommended to start an alligator pear at home for those who are willing to sacrifice a significant amount of space, because the tree needs a lot of free space.

Avocado is a very beautiful ornamental plant that purifies the surrounding air. Its cultivation does not require large cash costs. An exotic tree needs only attention and optimal conditions development.

Avocado is a very useful fruit, but it is not easy to buy it in our country. First, avocados are often sold unripe or of inadequate quality. Secondly, it is quite expensive. To solve this issue once and for all, you can grow this fruit at home. How to plant an avocado from the seed at home?

How to plant an avocado from the seed?

How to plant an avocado seed at home

Do not think that growing a small avocado tree at home in a pot is extremely difficult. In fact, the bones of this fetus germinate very often, the main thing is to perform a consistent series of actions. To grow a sprout, follow the following step-by-step instructions:

First of all, choose the right fruit. It must be very ripe. A green avocado seed will not germinate;

Remove the brown husk from the bone;

Fill a glass with some water and place the bone in it, blunt end down. Make sure that the water covers it exactly half;

Put the glass on the windowsill and be patient. Do not forget to periodically add water;

As soon as the bone hatches and a sprout appears from it, transplant it into the ground. This plant is not capricious, so any purchased land for flowers will do. However, you can use the land collected in the garden;

Bury the bone in the ground halfway;

Make sure that the earth is constantly moistened. In this case, growth will occur very rapidly.

Sometimes people give up and believe that the bone will not germinate. In fact, you just need to wait. It can germinate from 3 weeks to 3 months.

How to care for an avocado sprout

Now you know how to plant an avocado seed, but that's not all. The emerging sprout must be properly looked after so that it begins to bear fruit.

Avocados love light and moisture. Place it in a well-lit area, but keep the plant out of direct sunlight. Spray the leaves regularly with water from a spray bottle. The tree grows up very quickly. Without your help, it will simply hit the ceiling and die, and side branches will not appear. Therefore, you need to periodically trim the top.

The avocado is known especially for being large and delicious fruit. Only a few people know that once planted in a pot, it grows quickly and becomes impressive relatively easily. ornamental plant with large, bright green leaves. It also blooms and will bear fruit at home, but these cases are very rare.

The natural climate for avocados is the tropics and subtropics of the United States. There the tree reaches 20 m in height and is evergreen. The fruits ripen from 6 to 8 months, and can weigh even 500 grams. Fruits on store shelves are much smaller and often unripe. Despite this, you can choose a good copy from which you will take a bone to grow a plant at home.

Plant in soil or grow in water?

Although opinions are divided on the question posed above, in fact, both ways of growing avocados at home are correct. The only difference is that a stone immersed in water germinates faster, while a stone planted in the ground takes longer to take root.

Planting an avocado in the ground

Having decided to grow avocados in the ground, you need to prepare a seed, a deep pot, soil and material to create a greenhouse, for example, a piece of plastic bottle or transparent film. We place the recently removed bone with the wide end into the previously prepared ground to a depth of 1-2 cm so that the narrow part protrudes slightly above the ground. The substrate for avocados should be light and have an acidity close to neutral. You can use a mixture of sand and peat (in a ratio of 1: 2). Water and cover the pot to keep it constantly high humidity. The pot should be placed in a warm and sunny place. Of course, we should not forget about constant watering. An avocado planted this way should sprout in about 6-8 weeks.

Sprouting avocado pits in water is the most correct procedure. In this case, the seed is carefully pricked from several sides onto a toothpick and dropped approximately 2/3 of its size into a glass vessel with water. The main function of the toothpick design is to hold the seed above the top of the vessel. The bone fixed in this way theoretically germinates faster, already after 2-4 weeks. However, in practice it is different. As a rule, avocados can be transplanted into the ground when it is visible in the glass. root system and a protruding green stem.

Growing at home

Avocados grow fairly quickly, but they need the right conditions to do so. The basis is to provide the plant with heat and optimal humidity soil. Best of all, the plant will feel at an air temperature of 21-24 degrees Celsius and with daily - skillful watering. From time to time, the leaves can be sprayed, but not with tap water. From such water on the plant may appear white coating, which then often becomes a hotbed of bacterial development and ends with the final death of the tree. Be sure to remember that avocados do not tolerate cold, and even more so frost. Thus, when opening windows in winter, it should not be on the windowsill. Another question is solar radiation, which should also be moderate. It is best to place the plant on a window located to the southeast or southwest.

In summer, avocados can be lightly fertilized (every two weeks). Mature trees can also be displayed on the balcony, but be careful that their leaves are not burned by the sun's rays. Young specimens require transplanting into larger pots. It is best to do this every spring. It is also worth knowing that young avocados grow rapidly in height. To avoid this and cause branching of the plant, the tallest shoots are pruned.

Avocado flowering and fruiting

Home-grown avocados look beautiful and often reach sizes that make them difficult to grow in urban apartments. V winter time the temperature should not fall below 10-15 degrees Celsius. In our climate, these plants rarely bloom and almost never bear fruit. If we are talking about the flowering of avocados - it is worth paying attention to a certain curiosity. Gardeners who had the opportunity to see the flowers of this plant were not at all delighted. Inflorescences emit a very intense, and not very pleasant smell.

Fruit may appear on a tree for which truly ideal conditions have been created. But this will not happen earlier than 5-6 years after planting. In addition, as mentioned above, it rarely comes to bear fruit. Despite this, it is worth planting and growing this plant at least in decorative purposes. In addition, there is always some possibility that we will wait for home-grown fruit.

Avocado can be grown at home, this fruit is exotic and has an unusual taste. It is not possible to grow avocados on the windowsill, as the plant has long leaves that reach 35 centimeters. The tree is shade-loving, if the direct rays of the sun do not fall on it, then the plant develops favorably. In order for it to bear fruit, it is better to choose a lit area, but hidden from the direct rays of the sun.

What is needed to grow avocados at home?

First, you need to choose the right site, it should be free so that the plant can develop well not only in breadth, but also in height. The site should be periodically in the shade so that the leaves of the plant do not burn. The tree is located in a place where there are no gusts of strong wind.

You can choose any soil, the tree is not picky, and tolerates acidity well. It is necessary to make drainage, and add humus in large quantities. The plant should not be located near water, as it will erode the roots.

The plant needs to create suitable climatic conditions that will be familiar to him.

Growing an avocado at home is not difficult, for planting you need to take a bone from a ripe fruit, for this it is cut in half. There are two ways to plant a bone, with and without germination, but first it is washed and dried.

In order for a seed to germinate, it must be partially submerged in water. Several holes are made in the stone, and toothpicks are inserted into them, placed on a container of water so that part of the seed is dipped into the liquid. Thus, the bone is supported by the edges of the toothpick, while controlling the level of liquid in the container. As a result, the sprout and root are hatched. If you lower part of the stone into water without using toothpicks, the sprout may be damaged. To avoid this, you can purchase germinated sprouts, which are immediately planted in pots.

You can plant a bone without sprouting, for this, earth is poured into the container, a recess is made by three centimeters, and the bone is placed in it with the blunt part down. Then they are covered with soil from above, and watering is carried out, it should be done regularly. With constant moist soil, the plant begins to hatch after two weeks.

The land for planting should be loose so that it does not compact when watering, otherwise the sprouts will hatch poorly, and the roots will not receive oxygen. To do this, you need to mix in equal amounts ingredients such as coarse sand, humus and earth.

Proper care of an avocado sprout

The plant needs regular watering, but an excessive amount of liquid can lead to poor development of the sprout, as a result, it will die. Water should be settled and warm. In winter, the soil surface should remain dry for two days, in spring and summer the plant requires abundant, but not excessive moisture.

The container with the plant should be placed in a lighted place, hidden from the direct rays of the sun, this will help the sprout to develop favorably and avoid burns. To provide the plant with light in the winter, fitolamps are installed.

Also in winter, it is necessary to spray the free area around the plant. The tree loves heat, so the temperature in the room should be from 18 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is low, then the leaves begin to fall off.

Top dressing is done in spring and summer period, for this use mineral fertilizers or special products for citrus fruits, in winter such actions are not carried out.

Pruning of the plant is considered important, if this is not done, the tree will be overly elongated and sparse. In order for the tree to branch, you need to pin the top over the eighth leaf.

The tree is developing rapidly, so it requires regular transplantation. When the plant is fifteen centimeters tall, it is moved to a freer container. Then, along with the land, the trees are moved to large containers annually. This procedure is carried out in spring period without changing the composition of the soil.

The plant is transferred to the site when it has a height of forty centimeters. After transplanting, the tree becomes thicker and begins to prepare for fruit. The tree begins to bear fruit in the sixth or seventh year. If there is no desire to wait, then you can purchase ready-made trees.

Ways to grow avocados at home

Avocados can be grown in three ways:

landing on open area. To land, it is necessary to remove the shell from the bone, and immerse it in the ground with the wide side down to a depth of two centimeters.
It is possible to germinate the bone open way, on water and air, using toothpicks, as described above. In this case, the planting material is not processed, that is, the shell is not removed. The plant is transplanted into the ground after the roots appear.
V big garden grafting is used. To do this, the root process is grafted onto an already grown seedling, such a plant can be moved to an open area after ten months.

When a crack appears between the cotyledons, it means that sprouts will soon appear, so the stone can be removed from the water and moved to the ground. It is better that the soil has low acidity, and consists of sand, humus and earth, while it will be loose, and oxygen enters the roots of the plant.

How to properly pinch a plant?

The tree develops and stretches quickly, so you need to do constant pinching so that it has the shape of a bush.

When pinching the crown, the plant begins to branch out so that it has a low shape, the stem is broken. This procedure is performed at a height of fifteen centimeters from the ground, while leaving up to four shoots.

When the trunk grows up to twenty centimeters, the tops are pinched, and the next tier of branches begins to form.

The first time a pinch is done over the eighth leaf, then the branches grow. After that, the branches are pinched over the fifth leaf. This procedure helps the tree form the correct shape.

What problems can arise when growing avocados?

The plant can be exposed to various diseases and pests, it starts spider mites and shields. To prevent this, it is necessary to increase the humidity of the air in the room, that is, to spray, then remove the insects with your hands, and process by special means. If the leaves are severely affected, then they are cut off.

Plant diseases can manifest themselves due to improper care, the leaves will fall off if excessive watering is done, the tree is subject to drafts or is located in a room with a low temperature. It also happens when there is a lack of moisture, so watering should be moderate. At insufficient lighting, the leaves lose color, then it is necessary to use special lamps.

If the plant is sick powdery mildew, then it is immediately processed with special compounds.

What are the benefits of avocado for humans?

Avocado fruits are of great benefit to the body:

skin aging slows down;
atherosclerosis is prevented;
menopausal symptoms are easing;
vascular function improves;
has a protective effect against arrhythmia.

The fruits contain a large number of useful elements that have a beneficial effect on health.

Characteristics of the avocado tree

Indoors, the tree does not have a great height, and will not be large, it can reach two meters. In an open area, a tree can grow up to seventeen meters. The leaves are dense, with a bright color and oval shape, they always retain a green color.

The trunk of the plant is long and bare, if improper care is taken, then the tree may have only a few leaves. If the necessary temperature, humidity was created for the plant, timely watering is carried out, and there is enough light, then it can become high and strong.

The plant is able to release a large amount of oxygen, which helps to purify the air in the room. The leaves and seeds of the plant are not eaten, as they contain many toxic substances.

For planting, seeds are used, which are taken from ripe whole fruits. In unripe fruits, the seed has not yet matured, and therefore it may not germinate, and if this does happen, the plant will be weak and may die.

Basic rules for planting an avocado seed at home

Planting material must be taken only from ripe fruits so that it can be easily pulled out. Also, the fruit must not be spoiled, not have signs of rot.
When piercing a stone to germinate it in water, the depth of the holes is made up to five millimeters.
When a part of the stone is placed in a glass, it is necessary to ensure that the water does not evaporate, constantly add it, and this area does not dry out, as a result of germination will not occur.
Germination can begin in the fifth week, in order for this to happen faster, charcoal is placed in the water.
If the stone was planted immediately in the ground, then the earth must be constantly wet, then sprouts will begin to appear.
The soil for planting should be loose so that air can freely flow to the roots. To do this, ordinary earth is stirred with humus and coarse sand.
After the seed germination occurs and the roots appear, the plant is moved to the ground, this must be done carefully so as not to damage anything.
The container for the plant should not be too tight so that the roots can develop well. In the future, it is required permanent transplant in a large container due to the rapid growth of the plant.
This plant loves heat very much, so the temperature should be at least eighteen degrees, if the tree does not have enough lighting, then this must be done additionally by installing fitolamps, especially in winter.
If you do not pierce holes in the bone, but simply immerse part of it in water, then the sprout may die.
The water in the germination container should be clean, if it acquires any shade, then it should be replaced periodically. To do this, the bone is taken out, the water is replaced, and it is placed back on the toothpicks.
If the plant is not planned to be moved to an open area, it is better to use the acquired land for planting. And if the land is taken from the site, then it must be pre-treated to prevent the development of diseases that have a negative effect on the plant.

How is the avocado plant propagated?

This plant can be propagated by seeds or cuttings. The cuttings are hard to root, so they are treated with a special growth stimulator.

In order to propagate avocados by seeds, it is necessary to plant a seed in a composition of peat and crushed expanded clay. The blunt end must be immersed in this mixture, and the sharp end remains above it. The container is covered with a film or glass, then humidity is preserved, but the condensate is periodically removed, while maintaining a temperature of at least eighteen degrees. Perform this procedure in the spring, it is favorable for good development. If the work is done correctly, the sprout will hatch after a month.

Avocado is exotic plant, requires some care, with correctly performed actions, the plant will actively develop and bear fruit. It is easy to grow it at home, the main thing is to create favorable conditions for the tree, since the plant is considered thermophilic, it also needs high-quality and proper watering required humidity and temperature. When planting, you must use only high-quality material.