Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases. How and how to feed fruit trees

It is important to realize that feeding fruit trees and shrubs spring is an important event on the way to obtaining a bountiful harvest. At the beginning of the growing season, any crop in or in the garden requires a supply of nutrients, without which full development and good fruiting are impossible.

What shrubs and trees need in spring

Most in spring fruit trees and bushes need nitrogen. It plays a key role in their growth, in the development of a powerful root system, in the formation of new leaves, flowers and fruits. Nitrogen-containing top dressing can increase yields, as well as significantly improve the quality of fruits.

In addition to nitrogen in the spring, garden plants need such chemical elements as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur, boron, cobalt, copper, manganese. There are two ways to feed shrubs and fruit trees:

Spring complex mineral fertilizers- are a product of the chemical industry and are developed taking into account the needs of specific types of crops in a certain period.
Organic feed- are the result of natural processes of nature (bird droppings or cow dung, compost).

Organic feeding is part of nature

The first spring feeding of horticultural crops

Experts advise feeding fruit trees and shrubs for the first time at the very beginning of spring. You should not wait until all the snow has melted, but the ground should thaw a little. For feeding during this period, use nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea). Spread them around each trunk in the snow, which, during thawing, will deliver nitrogen and other important chemical elements to the root system of fruit trees with shrubs.

During such feeding, it is important not to overdo it, as excess nitrogen will harm the culture. Having received an extra portion of this element, the tree will become so actively developing its crown and root system what's on tying and good development fruits will leave very little strength. How to calculate the amount of feeding? Very simple - use about 40 g for one young tree, and about 100 g for an adult tree.

Don't overdo it with nitrogen supplements

If you are a follower organic dressings, wait until the ground is completely thawed. Prepare a nutrient solution by adding 300 g of urea, 1.5 L of droppings, or 4 L of manure to a bucket of water. For reference: spend 3-4 liters of fertilizing per tree.

Second feeding of fruit trees and shrubs

During flowering and leaf formation, bushes and fruit trees especially need potassium and phosphorus. Potassium is necessary for the formation of new shoots, an increase in the sugar level in fruits, as well as for the resistance of crops to diseases and adverse external factors... Phosphorus helps to strengthen the root system of bushes and trees.

Experienced gardeners say that it is better not to purchase mineral fertilizers containing both substances at once, but rather to add them to the soil separately. First, phosphoric, called "superphosphate" - 60 g per mature tree... A little later, potassium (potassium salt, potassium magnesium, potassium sulfate, ash) - 20 g per tree.

Third and fourth spring fertilization of garden plants

It is very important to feed berry bushes and fruit trees in the spring after flowering for full fruit development. During this period, organics are best suited. From organic fertilizers, compost is especially fond of gardeners. They watered the root zone of flowering garden plants after diluting with water.

During the period of development of the set fruits, it is advisable to once again feed the garden crops with organic matter (mullein, compost, vermicompost). If this is not possible, then purchase a special mineral mixture, with a slight predominance of nitrogen. Either embed the fertilizer in the ground, or mix with mulch.

During the period of flowering and the formation of the ovary, fruit trees and shrubs need potassium and phosphorus.

Useful tips for feeding berry bushes and fruit trees

In the spring feeding of garden plants, there are some features that every gardener must know:
Carrier chemical substances water comes out of the top dressing to the roots of a tree or bush, therefore, after applying dry fertilizer, thorough watering is needed.
Liquid top dressing should not be applied to dry soil so that burns do not remain on the roots.
Horticultural crops do not need to be fertilized for the first year after planting.
Fertilizer is best done in the evening.

Each experienced gardener realizes how important it is to feed fruit trees and shrubs in the spring. Without it, the chances of getting a bountiful harvest are negligible. If you give the plant everything it needs, it will certainly thank you with an abundance of delicious fruits.

Timely feeding of trees is extremely important for their correct growth, amicable flowering and abundant fruiting. You can fertilize the garden in the spring, after the snow has melted, and if necessary, you can repeat the introduction of nutrients also in the summer and before the fall.

When feeding is required

Fertilization in the garden should be depending on the type of soil and varieties of trees and shrubs. However, there are several general principles... The most important thing for trees in spring is vigorous growth, which can be provided by fertilizers with a high nitrogen content, such as manure. However, in no case should you use fresh. Overripe manure or compost should be brought into the trunks for digging.

Other sources of nitrogen can be mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate or urea. Three to four weeks after nitrogen feeding you can apply mineral fertilizers with a high potassium content to the soil. It should be borne in mind that the introduction of additional nutrients into the soil is not so important for young trees and shrubs as for fruit-bearing ones. Although both of them will be grateful for additional food after a particularly cold winter.

Feeding methods

Tree feeding can be done different ways: you can fertilize the ground, providing root nutrition, or you can apply microfertilizers through the crown. The second method is often combined with pest control. The first use of fertilizers occurs when the garden is laid. Humus (or compost, or rotted manure), superphosphate, ash, and mineral compounds are introduced into the seedling pit. In the first year after such feeding, you can not apply additional fertilizers.

In the second year of growth, as well as before the start of fruiting, you can feed the tree with manure. The settled manure dissolved in water is one of the most the best fertilizers for orchard... Usually, it is not recommended to use fresh manure for fertilizing - it is preferable to scatter it in the garden in the fall for digging, and then in winter it has time to decompose enough to useful material passed into the soil in a form convenient for assimilation by plants. However, fresh manure can also be used for liquid top dressing. To do this, it is dissolved in water, in a ratio of one to five, and left for a week under a tight lid. This fertilizer should be applied after watering the trees. This feeding can be repeated in the summer, but no later than in the second half of July.

Video "Review of the most popular tree food"

Video review of the most popular feeding for, as well useful tips on their use.

Through the roots

it traditional way apply any fertilizers, both mineral and organic (manure, peat, compost). This method is based on natural life cycle any plant. The basic rule of root dressing of the garden is that in rainy weather, fertilizers are used dry, and in a dry tree, you first need to water it well and only then feed it.

Under apple trees in the spring, you can bring (about 4 kg per tree), or bird droppings diluted in a ratio of 1 to 15. Having opted for mineral fertilizers, you can make up for the lack of nitrogen in the soil with the help of ammonium nitrate - 30 grams per square meter... A little later, apple trees will need potassium, which can be obtained from 10-20 grams per square meter.

For pear growth, it is good to add organic fertilizers every two to three years, depending on the condition of the soil. The pear menu in spring is similar to the apple menu - 4 kilograms of rotted manure or compost and one hundred grams of superphosphate must be embedded in the soil. Stone fruits (cherries, plums) should be properly fed with organic fertilizers every two to three years, with an autumn digging. In the spring, a nutrient solution with nitrogen-containing compounds can be prepared for them.

Through the crown

This method of fertilizing can be compared to an ambulance. Foliar dressing can be relevant if you need to urgently replenish the lack of nutrients. Foliar dressing should be carried out after flowering. They can be repeated several times - a week after the end of flowering, a month after the first time, and in the summer, but no later than three weeks before harvesting - so all the nutrients will be assimilated, but will not be in excess.

Apply fertilizer to foliar feeding it is necessary in dry, but cloudy and cool weather, it is correct to do this in the morning or evening hours, thus you can guarantee the absence of burns on the leaves. For apple trees, you can use a urea solution (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water) - spray both on the leaves and on the branches and trunk. You can also spray the trees with an ash solution, which is good source calcium, phosphorus and potassium. To prepare top dressing, you need to insist a glass of ash in 2 liters hot water, then dilute the resulting suspension in 10 liters of water. You can use liquid manure for foliar feeding - dilute half a liter in a bucket of water, then strain.

The pear is a more delicate tree than the apple tree. It can also be fed with urea, but it will be correct to reduce the concentration - 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water. Kostochkovs need a little more nitrogen fertilizers for optimal growth. Therefore, the concentration of urea for foliar feeding should be higher - 3-3.5 tablespoons per ten liters of water. Also, for the growth of any fruit trees and berry bushes, micronutrient feeding is necessary. To do this, you can use a solution of complex mineral fertilizers.

How to understand that a plant is missing something

If the tree does not grow well, is covered with small leaves, the fruits do not set or ripen, then it is time to apply fertilizers. By outward appearance plants can sometimes determine which elements in the diet he lacks.

Pale green, yellowish or white leaves give out nitrogen deficiency, especially on sandy soils. If the plant grows poorly at the same time, flowering is delayed - it is necessary to add manure or compost. With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves can take on a dark green, bluish or purple hue. After detecting such a problem, it is necessary to apply superphosphate, nitroammophos or phosphate rock. When the plant lacks potassium, the leaves wrinkle, curl, flowers crumble, even from young trees. This problem can be solved by using potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. Well-nourished trees will create a well-kept garden that will delight both winter and summer.

Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reduce crop losses. Someone might say that it is troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case are repaid a hundredfold. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine best materials for mulching garden strawberries.

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Often gardeners mistakenly believe that the best time for feeding fruit trees and shrubs it is spring, because the plants were emaciated in the long winter and require a large amount of nutrients. In fact, this is not the case. To survive the long cold winter, our garden needs no less strength. Autumn feeding much more effective than spring, since plants depleted by fruiting are in dire need of nutrients. In addition, fertilizers increase the resistance of trees to diseases and provide high yield next season.

When to fertilize trees and shrubs in the fall

Autumn tree feeding begins in August and continues until late September / early October. It is during this period that the fruiting of shrubs ends and fruit trees, which allows you to begin work on preparing the garden for winter.

How to fertilize

Enrich the soil nutrients it is possible with the help of both mineral and organic fertilizers. Which one to give depends on the composition of the soil and the desired results.

Mineral fertilizers

It increases the immunity of plants to diseases and pests, improves the quality of the soil, saturating it with mineral compounds. Ash is an effective fertilizer for fruit trees and shrubs, since it increases the acidity of the soil, which has a positive effect on its fruiting.

Autumn fertilization of the soil with ash should be carried out no more often than once every three years. To add ash, a ditch with a depth of 10 centimeters should be dug around the roots of fruit trees and shrubs, add 100 g of ash there and fill the depression with soil.

Used to loosen the soil. In no case should you use pure wood waste to feed plants. This impoverishes the soil and binds some of its useful elements.

To turn sawdust into fertilizer, you need to make them overheat. Under natural conditions, this process can take up to ten years. Therefore, on the basis of sawdust, by composting them, it is possible to prepare an organic fertilizer rich in nitrogen.

To do this, the sawdust is piled up in a pit or heap, weeds, ash, and water are added to them. Also compost can be prepared using cow dung and . The finished fertilizer should look like peat.

Sawdust also makes an excellent mulch for fruit trees and shrubs. This cover is able to protect the root from freezing, and the plant from death. A layer of sawdust, laid around the root in autumn, protects it from the cold without disturbing air circulation. Another plus of mulching with sawdust is that weeds do not germinate through them.

Complex feeding

Complex fertilizers include fertilizers containing two or more nutrients. The advantages of these dressings are that their rich composition makes it possible to almost completely satisfy the plant's need for nutrients at all stages of the growing season.

These fertilizers can be double or triple, as well as complex (in the composition of one chemical compound includes several elements), mixed, which consist of a mixture simple fertilizers, and compound mixtures, which have several chemical elements are part of various chemical compounds.

The most common complex feeding:

nitroammofosk;
ammophos.

Features and norms of feeding

Among the huge variety of fertilizers for feeding fruit trees and shrubs, not all are suitable. By introducing top dressing, gardeners pursue certain goals - to increase yields, extend the fruiting period and increase resistance to diseases and pests.

Fruit trees

Each type of fruit crops requires compliance with certain standards of feeding, which is applied to the soil. trunk circle to a depth of about two centimeters.

Peaches. For feeding, a mixture of potassium salt and superphosphate is used in a 1: 2 ratio.

Did you know? The soil in French vineyards is considered precious, workers mustscrape it off your shoes to bring it back.

Pears and apple trees. For feeding, a mixture of (200 g) and 300 g of magnesium and superphosphate is used. Manure must be added to the mixture of mineral fertilizers.

Plums, apricots and cherries... These trees get their nutrients best from aqueous solutions, which are prepared by dissolving 3 tablespoons of superphosphate and 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water. To fully provide the plant with nutrients for the winter, four buckets of solution are needed for each tree.

Berry bushes

For many shrubs, you can take the same fertilizer composition, consisting of 4-5 kilograms of compost, 10-15 g of potassium sulfate and 20-30 g of superphosphate (per adult bush). This mixture should be introduced in a mature form, after it has settled for two weeks.

Black currant. Top dressing is applied shallowly under the bushes and dug up to 8-10 cm.

Raspberries. The mixture is applied with a tape under the bushes and covered with sand.

Gooseberry. In the case of this shrub, the compost should be replaced with ammonium nitrate (10-15 g), since the gooseberry does not tolerate acidic and waterlogged soils. The mixture is scattered in the root zone and the ground is hoe no deeper than 8 centimeters.

Strawberry

The introduction of phosphorus and potassium will help to significantly improve the yield of this crop in the next season, the mixture of which can simply be poured between the rows. It is prepared on the basis of 30 g of phosphorus and 15 g of potassium per 1 square meter.

From organic fertilizers for fertilizing strawberries, you can use slurry prepared from 1 liter of manure and 8 liters of water. After a short infusion, the slurry is ready for use.

Video: how to use organic fertilizers in the garden The autumn feeding of the garden is a responsible event that takes time and certain knowledge. Despite the fact that the fruits and berries have already been harvested, it is in the fall that the time comes to take care of the next season. Take it responsibly - and the plants will thank you with high yields.

How to feed fruit trees: reviews

When feeding, the tree more color will not tie and will not bring more fruits to maturity.

But with watering in August-September, provided that there are a lot of apples and heat without rain, then the harvest is much larger, because then the tree does not drop the crop.

We again had a mega-dry summer, in August-September I poured the SS from a hose under a tree at night 2 times a week, my grandfather-neighbor did not. His SS dropped everything at the end of August (but maybe because of the moth, and not only because of the heat, the grandfather is lazy and does not splash it), I did not drop it at all.

I will tell you - there is no worse thing than to see the North Sinap crumbling (the earth is not visible because of the apples) from carelessness at the end of August. Then, in the 20th (!!!) of September (!!!) I saw my grandfather walking around the tree and using a puller on a stick to pick up the few remaining apples. I burst out laughing. A typical example that plant the best Russian apple variety for a fool (my deceased grandfather planted SS in 1992 both for himself and for my neighbor) - a fool = a lazy person cannot get a harvest.

I confess: for the first time in 25 years this year I took pity on the North Sinap and took out several wheelbarrows of rabbit dung under it and dug up several wheelbarrows of rabbit dung - all the same, the tree will walk, since this fall, because of the apples, the leaves were not visible.

By the way, with regards to watering: I promised to continue watering young trees: Ligol gave last summer an increase of 1-1.5 meters from watering and ... And not a single apple on all three trees.

Common man

http://forum.vinograd.info/showpost.php?p=1380477&postcount=66

in the fall they are fertilized with potash fertilizers (nitrogen at a minimum). On nautsi - it was necessary in September. But even now it is not too late. I've overslept too correct timing, will have fun this weekend.

Yulia_novy

https://www.stroimdom.com.ua/forum/showpost.php?p=2484603&postcount=5

If fertilizers were applied during planting, then it is enough to add phosphate and potash fertilizers, this must be done before loosening the soil. For one square meter, 2-3 matchboxes need to be poured, or one phosphate matchbox per square meter. In the spring, it is best to fertilize with urea. 1/3 part matchbox in April, before loosening the soil, the same amount in May during the period, the same amount in May, before the trees bloom, in order to improve the number of fruit sets and 1/3 of the matchbox in June during the active flowering period.

http://agro-forum.net/threads/1329/#post-6115

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