Growing iris in the open field on a personal plot: features of the variety. Planting bearded irises

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Recently, lovers of perennial iris flowers are increasingly cultivating beardless varieties. But fans of the classics give preference to growing bearded irises - beautiful and strict flowers with a massive petal in the form of a "tongue" or "beard", which is a distinctive feature of this plant, its "highlight". By grouping iris varieties by flowering time, you can provide decorativeness from May to July.

In nature, there is such a flower that smoothly leads us from spring to summer. First, in early spring, wild irises bloom, they are replaced by "bearded" dwarfs and Spuria, and by the end of May the garden shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow thanks to the numerous varieties of tall bearded irises. In June, signaling the arrival of summer, Siberian and Japanese people delight us with their grace.

Perennial iris belongs to the family of iris, or iris. There are about 200 species native to Europe, Asia, Africa, North America. In the XX century. irises have been widely recognized by flower growers in most countries, and in terms of the number of varieties (more than 35 thousand), this culture has come out on top.

Even the most ancient frescoes can tell how an iris looks like. The history of the flower goes back centuries. Irises were cultivated in the gardens of the Egyptian pharaohs. V Ancient Greece whole fields were planted with them. Due to the variety of colors, the plant was given the name "iris", which in Greek means "rainbow". The ancient Greeks were in awe of the irises and considered them the messengers of the golden-winged goddess Iris, the messenger of the gods, the interpreter of their will.

Irises attracted people not only with their beautiful flowers. They were appreciated as medicinal plants, perfumery and confectionery raw materials.

Irises- perennial rhizome plants. The rhizome is located parallel to the soil level at a shallow depth and emerges to the surface in bearded irises. The rhizome, which contains the supply of nutrients, consists of annual links. The newly formed links end in a bunch of sessile leaves that die off every year. The leaves are broadly or narrowly xiphoid, straight or sickle-curved, most often collected in a fan-shaped bundle. In spring they are usually light green, in summer they darken.

And what is the difference between the description of bearded irises of hybrid varieties? The leaves of these plants are usually gray from a wax coating and, as a rule, persist until late autumn. Therefore, irises decorate the garden not only during flowering.

Peduncles branch and bear from 1 to 10 flowers or more. The number of branches depends on the species and variety. Stem height at different types varies greatly - from 15 cm in dwarf iris to 2 m in marsh.

The flowers, distinguished by their extraordinary grace and sophistication, consist of 6 perianth lobes arranged in two tiers: three outer petals are bent downward, and three inner ones are raised up and form a dome. The perianth segments are deployed in such a way that any detail of each "petal" is visible. What do iris flowers look like? bearded varieties? On their lower petals there are soft bristly outgrowths resembling a beard, which gave the name to the group.

The iris flower is remarkable for its sparkling, mysterious brilliance of the petals, especially noticeable in the slanting rays of the sun or under electric lighting. This is due to the peculiar structure of cells that focus light like miniature optical lenses. It is not for nothing that in the old days some precious stones of rainbow color were called irises.

The color of the flowers is distinguished by an extraordinary variety. There are solemnly velvety, mysterious black irises, but no less mysterious is the sparkling shine of white and light blue flowers, reminiscent of the transparency of ice or crystal. And between white and black - a whole range of blue, purple, pink, yellow, reddish and even brown shades. Neither painting nor photography fully convey the play of color, texture, graceful lines of these flowers. No wonder irises are compared with.

See what the iris looks like in the photo to once again enjoy the beauty of this plant:

Growing conditions for bearded irises

Now it's time to find out how irises are grown in home gardens. For hybrid bearded irises, sunny places are selected that are protected from strong wind... They can tolerate light partial shade from trees. Most varieties have very large flowers, for which gusts of wind and rain are especially dangerous. Therefore, during the period of mass flowering in windy, rainy weather, a garter of peduncles is required.

One more important condition for growing irises - the presence of light, loamy soil. If the soil on the site is heavy, it must be improved by adding sand and peat. Wood ash is introduced into acidic soils. Before planting, the site should be dug onto a shovel bayonet and all weeds should be carefully removed. Rotted manure is applied to a depth of 20-25 cm, without mixing it with the ground.

Irises are afraid of excessive moisture, so they grow best in areas with a low groundwater table. However, during the period of budding and flowering, they show an increased need for water. Good watering during this time it helps to prolong flowering and creates favorable conditions for pollination. Watering is best done in the evening.

The faded flowers of bearded irises are removed, and the peduncles at the end of flowering are broken out entirely. In late autumn, the leaves are shortened to 10 cm. Plants are covered with a small layer of mulch for the winter. Varieties that are not resistant to frost are covered more thoroughly. In the spring, after the snow melts, they carefully stir up the packed winter shelter. It is completely removed in early or mid-April, depending on weather conditions. Bearded irises, despite their southern origin, rather well in comparison with other perennials, tolerate spring frosts with temperatures dropping to -5 ... -7 ° С.

How to plant irises and how to care for them

How to plant irises correctly to ensure their lush growth? Plants are propagated by rhizomes. To do this, the root is dug up, divided into planting units, the so-called delenki, each of which consists of 1-3 year-old links. Before planting irises, root cuts are treated with crushed charcoal or potassium permanganate solution.

When is the best time to plant irises so that they rise on time? Optimal time for planting irises - 2 weeks after the end of flowering. With a lump of earth, they can be transplanted at any time. but late boarding(later September 10-15) leads to poor plant rooting. When planting, it is important that the divide is not buried. The rhizome is located almost at the level of the soil surface. A mound of earth is poured at the bottom of the hole and the roots are evenly spread along its slopes, covering them with earth and tightly squeezing them with your hands. Sprinkle abundantly with water, check once again whether the division is firmly planted. The rhizome should be horizontal and the fan of leaves should be slightly sloped. High and medium-sized irises are planted at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other, and low-growing ones - 15-20 cm.

The landing links are positioned so that there is room for "movement". The root system of irises is directed forward (along the growth of the rhizome), and the planted division will continue to grow with its part where the fan of leaves is located. When nesting irises, the plane of the leaves should be directed across the outlined circle.

If the soil is clayey and poorly permeable to water, it is recommended to plant the cut on a "pillow" of sand or fine gravel so that the water does not stagnate and the rhizome does not rot. When planting, the rhizome is not buried, but only sprinkled with a layer of earth no more than 2-3 cm - over time, it will itself get out to the surface.

After planting irises, when caring for plants, feeding is carried out at least three times. There are no universal recommendations on how to care for irises in terms of fertilization, but one rule must be remembered firmly: excessive feeding is harmful to plants. The first feeding is carried out in the spring, immediately after removing the shelter (nitrogen-phosphorus - 3: 1), the second after 2-3 weeks (nitrogen-potassium - 1: 1). At the end of flowering, add nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (3: 1: 3). The last dressing is very important for good flowering irises next year, it must not be missed. Top dressing is carried out at the rate of 10 liters of solution per 1 m2, or 6 iris bushes. During the summer, the soil around the plants is lightly sprinkled with ash 1-3 times, which is not only a top dressing, but also scares off pests, prevents diseases.

Here you can see photos of planting and caring for irises of various groups:

Now that you know how to care for irises, check out the most popular varieties.

Varieties of bearded irises with photos, names and flowering dates

Bearded irises are divided into 3 groups in height: undersized (25-36 cm), medium-sized (37-70 cm), tall (over 70 cm).

According to the flowering time, the varieties are divided into early, mid-early, medium, medium-late and late. The beginning of flowering of each of these subgroups can vary from year to year depending on weather conditions. For example, in the suburbs early varieties bearded irises bloom in mid-May and bloom until the end of the month. Mid-early bloom in the last five days of May and end flowering in the first decade of June. The mid and mid-late varieties that prevail in our gardens bloom throughout June. Late varieties blooming in early July are rarely grown.

According to the color of the flower, irises are divided into 13 classes: white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, red-violet, black, two-tone, two-color, edged, iridescent.

It should be noted that the green color of irises has a yellowish or brownish tint. There are no varieties with a scarlet, pure red color: irises have brown, terracotta, cherry shades. Pink irises are referred to as a light red color scheme. The brown color is classified as dark orange. Black has blue, purple, brown, dark cherry shades and is characterized by a special depth and velvety.

Below you will see photos and names of varieties of bearded irises blooming since mid-May, as well as read their description.

"Arkady Raikin". This iris variety got its name in honor of the great Russian comedian. Peduncle 80-100 cm, strong, short-branched, 5-7-flowered. Flower 12-13 cm, delicate reddish-pink color, the outer lobes are semi-wilted, the inner ones are slightly corrugated at the edges, the aroma is strong.

"Beverly Hills". The height of the bush is 50 cm, the peduncles are 80-85 cm. In the inflorescence there are 3-4 very spectacular flowers with a diameter of 17 cm. The upper perianth lobes are light pink, very wavy, the lower ones are paler, soaring. The beard is pink.

Blue Staccato. The height of the bush is 55-60 cm, the peduncles are 90-100 cm.In the inflorescence there are 4-5 very spectacular flowers with a diameter of 16 cm.

Pay attention to the photo of the flowers bearded iris of this variety - the upper perianth lobes are blue-blue, wavy, slightly fringed, the lower ones are white with a blurred blue border, the beard is golden-yellow:

"Burgomaster". The height of the peduncles is 100-110 cm. There are 5-7 flowers in the inflorescence. The outer lobes are violet-lilac with a brownish border, the inner ones are yellowish-cream. The beauty of the flower is emphasized by graceful corrugation.

"Guards". Peduncle 125-140 cm long, long-branched, 10-12-flowered. Flower 14-15 cm, sunny yellow with an orange beard, strong honey aroma.

"Gold of Canada". Peduncle 90-105 cm, strong, short-branched. The flower is light golden yellow with an orange beard, strong aroma. It blooms profusely, the bush grows quickly.

"Saprim Sultan". It has a powerful bush with strong peduncles up to 120 cm high and more. It has the largest flowers to date (over 20 cm in diameter). This variety of bearded iris belongs to two-color: the inner lobes are bronze-yellow, the outer ones are red-brown, velvety. Differs in excellent corrugation and extraordinary bubbly edges of the petals.

"Kentaki Derby". The height of the bush is 50 cm, the peduncles are 80-90 cm. In the inflorescence there are 5-6 flowers with a diameter of 16 cm. The perianth segments are light lemon-yellow, wavy, with fringed edges, on the lower ones there is a creamy white spot in the center. The beard is golden.

Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reduce crop losses. Some might say that this is troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case are repaid a hundredfold. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.

Succulents are very diverse. Despite the fact that “babies” have always been considered more fashionable, the assortment of succulents that can be used to decorate a modern interior is worth taking a closer look at. After all, colors, sizes, patterning, degree of prickle, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will tell you about the five most fashionable succulents that amazingly transform modern interiors.

Mint was used by the Egyptians as early as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will consider the most interesting varieties of mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in open ground.

People began to grow crocuses as early as 500 years before the advent of our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the heralds of spring next year. Crocuses are one of the earliest primroses that bloom as soon as the snow melts. However, the timing of flowering may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article focuses on the earliest crocus varieties that bloom in late March and early April.

Cabbage soup from early young cabbage on beef broth - hearty, aromatic and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook a delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup in this broth. Early cabbage cooks quickly, so it is put into the pot at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike fall cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready-made cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. The present cabbage soup turns out to be tastier than the freshly cooked one.

Looking at the variety of tomato varieties, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners are sometimes confused by it! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties "for yourself". The main thing is to delve into the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have a lot of energy and time to care for the beds.

Once very popular under the name of room nettles, and then forgotten by everyone, Coleus today are one of the brightest garden and indoor plants... They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding to suit everyone, Coleus require constant monitoring. But if you take care of them, the bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.

Salmon ridge baked in Provencal herbs is a "supplier" of tasty pieces of fish pulp for a light salad with fresh leaves of wild garlic. Champignons are lightly fried in olive oil and then poured with apple cider vinegar. These mushrooms are tastier than regular pickled mushrooms and are better for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill get along well in one salad, emphasizing the aroma of each other. The garlic pungency of wild garlic will saturate both the flesh of the salmon and the pieces of mushrooms.

Conifer tree or a bush on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers are even better. Emerald needles of various shades adorn the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils secreted by plants, not only aromatize, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most zoned adults conifers, are considered to be very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.

Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics under the shade of flowering trees have long become an integral part of the welcome of spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The financial and academic year begins here on April 1, when the magnificent cherry blossoms are in full bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura grows well in cooler regions - certain species can be successfully grown even in Siberia.

I am very interested in analyzing how the tastes and addictions of people to certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and was an object of trade lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for over 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. NS. about 6 varieties of quince were known, and even then methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.

Delight your family and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your kids will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then, with admiration, they will watch how the pieces of dough turn into real Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such an original cookie for Easter, read our step-by-step recipe!

There are not so many decorative leafy pets among tuberous crops. And Caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, rumors about the extraordinary capriciousness of the Caladiums never justify. Care and attention will avoid any difficulty in growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.

We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it goes with every side dish: vegetables, pasta, or whatever. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don't want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can do this ahead of time to keep everything hot), add the gravy and lunch is ready! A real lifesaver.

Among the multitude different varieties We will tell you about three of these most popular vegetables, which are distinguished by excellent taste and relatively unpretentious growing conditions. Characteristics of the varieties of eggplants "Almaz", "Black handsome" and "Valentina". All eggplants are medium-firm. For Almaz it is greenish, while for the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united good germination and excellent yield, but at different times. Skin color and shape are different for everyone.

When choosing bearded irises for growing on your site, first of all, decide on the size. The fact is that these flowers are different in their height: there are bearded irises that grow up to 70 cm, and there are those that rise no higher than 5 cm above the ground. The best varieties bearded irises must meet certain requirements, you will learn about them by reading this material.

Medium, tall and miniature bearded irises

Bearded irises are the most extensive group of irises, consisting of several classes.

Tall Bearded Irises (TV)- powerful plants with a height of 71 cm with a branched peduncle, many buds and large, sometimes up to 20 cm in diameter, flowers. In the suburbs, they bloom from mid-June to early July.

Medium-sized bearded irises (MB) - from 41 to 70 cm in height, are subdivided into three groups:

border irises (BB) with a flowering period similar to a tall bearded one, but with a proportionally smaller flower;
intermedia irises (IB) with a flower size of 10-13 cm and a flowering period in the Moscow region from the beginning of June; not necessarily highly branched, but forming a profusely flowering bush;
dining rooms, or miniature tall bearded irises (MTB) - with a high thin branched peduncle and relatively small (no wider than 8 cm) flowers, used mostly for a bouquet and a table, hence their name.

Standard Bearded Dwarfs (SDB)- 21-40 cm high, bloom in the Moscow region from the end of May.

Miniature Bearded Dwarfs (MDB)- the smallest, the height of such bearded irises is 5-20 cm. These flowers bloom very early (in the Moscow region from the first half of May).

Requirements for tall bearded irises

The modern tall bearded iris is a striking flower! Anyone who sees him is fascinated by his beauty and extremely surprised when he learns that growing luxurious irises is no more difficult than any other garden flowers or even vegetables in the garden. Perhaps, there have not been so many erroneous opinions about any culture that many, even very sophisticated gardeners, are wary of it, usually opposing new varieties to old ones. And it is completely in vain: among modern varieties there are plenty of those that can reliably and regularly bloom in middle lane and even have some advantage in resistance to the adversities of our harsh climate compared to historical varieties. Therefore, undoubtedly, it is worth striving for the acquisition of new varieties. But the main advantage of the new varieties is that they are immeasurably more beautiful than the old ones.

The progress of flower breeding for tall, bearded irises is astounding. The main focus is on the flower, because even just one flower - whether it grows in a garden or stands in a vase - is able to conquer the gardener's imagination and fall in love with itself forever. Until now, all the new ones appear color combinations, exquisite color patterns, instantly gaining immense popularity. But despite all the achievements in expansion colors irises, the focus is on the quality of the flower.

The quality of a flower means:

wide halyards, sometimes closing at the bases and closed standards, making the flower collected, rounded and expressive;
the density of the texture of the petals, which ensures resistance to atmospheric precipitation and a longer life of the flower;
grace and uniformity of the corrugation of the shares;
width, density and expressiveness of the barbs.

An example of great flower quality is Keith Keppel's ‘Paris Fashion’. Giant flowers also require peduncles proportional to their size - tall, strong, resistant to gusts of wind. So that the opening flowers do not interfere with each other, they must be "spaced" on sufficiently long branches, and in order to ensure a long flowering duration, there must be a large number of buds in the inflorescence.

Particularly attractive are the so-called exhibition varieties with 3-5 simultaneously opened flowers on a peduncle.

Considerable attention is paid to the garden attractiveness of iris - the health of the foliage, the rapid growth of the bush and the representativeness of its flowering, when the optimal number of peduncles on the bush, approximately equal to half the number of leaf fans.

Of particular interest are those varieties, the bushes of which do not emit flower stalks simultaneously, but for a certain period of time, providing exclusively long flowering... Remontant varieties have long flowering.

At correct selection varieties, the flowering of tall bearded irises stretches for 50 days.

The main requirement for iris varieties for growing in the northern regions is growth energy, it allows you to compensate for many other plant shortcomings. The next most important quality is frost resistance. The ability to withstand low temperatures in winter is related to the rhythm of plant development. Irises, the growth of which ends by the end of summer and the leaves die off, winter much better and, therefore, their flower buds are not damaged in harsh winters.

Tall bearded irises are a very thermophilic culture. So, in the Moscow region and to the north, only 20% of varieties of their total number are successfully growing. Therefore, my advice to amateur gardeners is to be interested in its frost resistance when buying.

Resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases is another important quality. Resistance to bacteriosis and heterosporia ensures healthy foliage, decorative planting and regularity of flowering.

The standard planting unit for bearded irises is usually a one-year iris rhizome growth. In the middle lane, they reach acceptable sizes by the beginning of August. This is the reason for the recommended planting time - the first half of August, however, good results can be obtained when planting before the beginning of September.

What rhizomes are better for planting: large or small, annual (short) or biennial (long)? The answer to this question depends on your goals: if you, by all means, want to see an iris flower the next year after planting, choose a large rhizome with a wide fan of 6-8 leaves. If flowering for the next year is not important for you, and the reliability of overwintering and plant survival are paramount, choose a medium-sized one-two-year rhizome with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm, with 3-4 leaves.

Agricultural technology for growing bearded irises: planting and care

The agricultural technique of growing bearded irises depends on the purpose of their cultivation, so it is impossible to give any universal scheme. Some grow irises, planting and annually digging planting material, usually for sale. Others plant irises to decorate the garden in a curb, mixborder, rockery or on a rocky hill, where it is advisable not to touch them for several years.

The most important factors successful cultivation are illumination and drainage. Also remember that irises are heat-loving plants. The more sun the irises receive in the garden, the better they bloom. A little shade in the morning or evening is of course acceptable, but only a few varieties of irises, such as the 'In a Flash' intermedia, will withstand a more serious shade. The southern slopes are preferable to the northern ones; a place near the southern wall of the building will also be good. It is good if the landing site is cleared from the prevailing cold winds.

With excessive soil moisture, the respiration of the roots is disturbed, and they partially die off, this leads to a slowdown in the development of plants.

In such conditions, bacterial rot also develops on the rhizomes of irises.

If the soil is sufficiently drained, irises can be planted on a flat surface, if the soil is heavy, clayey, then it is better to plant them on a hill or on ridges. The ridges are also more convenient from the point of view of arranging a winter shelter.

High soil fertility is the key to successful cultivation and productivity of tall bearded irises in central Russia.

Bearded irises work best on light sandy soils. Loam is also acceptable, but the addition of sand and organic materials (peat, composted sawdust, humus) significantly improves the structure and permeability of the soil, which leads to excellent results. It is only necessary to take into account that in order to improve the soil to a depth of 20 cm, it will be necessary to add about 100 liters of sand per 1 m2 of soil.

The optimum level of reaction of the soil medium (pH) is 6.8.

If you intend to grow irises on ridges, then their preparation consists of the following operations:

freeing the site from the roots perennial weeds;
delivery of compost or other available organic material to the site;
leveling organic matter on the site with the simultaneous introduction of wood ash or dolomite flour and mixing them with the soil with a pitchfork or a shovel.
introduction of mineral fertilizers under a rake: potassium sulfate and superphosphate, as well as ground or colloidal sulfur in an amount of 5-7 g / m2;
shaping the profile of the ridge and compaction of the soil to avoid its further subsidence and bulging of newly planted plants. The height of the ridge profile after compaction is approximately 7-8 cm;
delivery to the ridges of coarse-grained river or washed quarry sand in such an amount to form a layer of about 5-7 cm, and leveling it;
the ridge is ready for planting. To preserve the structure of the ridge, it is convenient to plant the bearded irises as follows: slightly push the sand apart by sticking a spade bayonet into it, place the roots of the iris cut into the gap, compact the soil around the roots and water the substrate to the planted iris cut so that it is in the layer sand.

Delenki are planted on the ridge in such a way that the trimmed part of the rhizome is directed towards the edge of the ridge, and the fan of leaves towards the middle. In this case, the growing roots will be directed towards the center of the ridge, which will facilitate further watering of the plants in the groove in the center of the ridge.

Irises can be replanted at any time during the growing season. However, replanting in spring can result in poor flowering this year. In the middle lane, optimal results are obtained when planting and transplanting irises in August: the plants have enough time for rooting and gaining sufficient mass to fully bloom the next year. Irises planted later, that is, in the fall, usually remain healthy, but do not have time to take root before the onset of cold weather. This can lead to bulging of rhizomes from the ground when the soil freezes. To avoid protruding rhizomes, additional mulching for the winter is required, or simply fixing the rhizome with a suitable improvised object.

A common mistake when planting and caring for bearded irises is over-deepening the rhizome. It is recommended to plant irises so that the back of the rhizome is at the surface of the soil. For the winter, it is better to sprinkle the open rhizome with soil, and in the spring it needs to be shaken off.

When caring for bearded irises, it is mandatory in the first weeks after planting irises for successful rooting. For adult specimens of bearded irises, watering is necessary for abundant flowering only when there is a lack of rainfall, especially in May, when there is often hot dry weather, sometimes in June-July. However, in August and even more so in September-October, adult bushes no longer need watering. At this time, the plant is preparing for winter, and its growth should not be stimulated.

Top dressing for irises should be given both in early spring and 3-4 weeks after flowering. A quick effect is given by top dressing with soluble fertilizers: in spring - complex with microelements, in July-August - with potassium phosphate.

For the successful cultivation of bearded irises, phosphorus is the most important from the main nutrients, so it is advisable to fill the soil with superphosphate (100 g / m2) or bone meal (200-300 g / m2) when preparing a plot for irises. For spring-summer dressings, you can use a complex fertilizer with a low nitrogen content, for example, NPK = 6: 10: 10. The autumn mixture has a NPK ratio of 0: 13: 18, it also contains magnesium and elemental sulfur, the latter being 5%. The spring feeding mixture has the formula NPK = 8: 37: 11.

The best organic fertilizer for irises is well-rotted compost.

Bearded irises successfully grow in one place for 4-5 years. The specific timing of the renewal of the bush depends both on the variety and on the agricultural technology used. Some time after planting, the iris bush thickens, which ultimately leads to the cessation of flowering. How quickly thickening occurs depends on the multiplication factor of the variety. Some varieties are also characterized by vigorous growth, and at the same time they are not too demanding on external conditions.

With the age of the bush, it is desirable to increase the amount of dressings. If these measures do not bring the desired effect, the bush must be dug out entirely, the soil must be renewed by adding ripe compost and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, and the 3-4 strongest shoots must be planted, shortening the leaves by about 2/3.

Many modern varieties do not need shelter for the winter. If the variety is chosen for the beauty of the flower, but is not winter-hardy enough, additional efforts will be required in preparation for winter. The main problems for irises in winter in the middle lane arise when an ice crust forms on the frozen ground without snow, which prevents the respiration of plants.

It is convenient to cover irises with spruce branches or oak leaves, which tend not to cake. To prevent such a frame from getting wet, it must be covered with a non-woven covering material or a film - under them the irises will not adhere in winter.

Irises the best way hibernate under a dry-air shelter with preliminary drying of the ridge, which is usually enough for one month. The easiest way to protect from rain is with a dense reinforced film laid on arcs or directly on the iris foliage. At the same time, the ends of the shelter should be open for free air circulation, and they must be closed for the winter. The tentative time for the construction of the shelter is the end of October - the beginning of November.

In the spring, the film is removed from the shelter as early as possible, immediately after the snow melts, and other material - as needed.

Varietal irises are propagated vegetatively, that is, by dividing the rhizomes. For accelerated reproduction, you need to remove the flower bud located at the base of the fan of leaves in the fall. After that, the lateral buds of the plant begin to grow, which in the spring form new powerful shoots. You do not need to dig out the rhizome to separate them. On a dry, sunny day, you need to shake off the ground, cut off the dried and yellowing leaves, and cut the remaining green leaves to the rhizome. The cut must be disinfected and left to dry in the sun. After a few days the wound is healed, the rhizome must be mulched with soil so that roots can form in the awakening buds. The division of the rhizome into kidney cuttings, which is often recommended for the propagation of irises, is much less effective method, since in this case the plant is severely injured and, as a result, flowering occurs much later.

For reproduction, dormant buds on 2-3-year-old links of rhizomes can be successfully used. To do this, pieces of rhizomes are cut out from the middle of the bush and simply transplanted to a new place.

New varieties of tall bearded irises for the middle lane

The description contains the following data: name of the bearded iris variety, originator, year of registration, characteristic of the flower, flowering period.

Sundress

Pirogov 2000

The top is golden smoky with a lilac bloom. Purple dots and strokes, golden smoky border along the white field of the bottom. Bright yellow pistil ridges glowing in the depths of the flower. Exceptionally vigorous growth and regular, profuse and long flowering. Early.

Queen

Sholupov 2003

Intense purplish violet with velvety texture and powerful crinkle. An exhibition peduncle easily holds several open flowers at the same time. Average flowering time.

Cranberry Sauce

Black 2002

Cranberry South

Silky-shiny flower with lilac-crimson overflow. The yellow beards accentuate the great depth of color. Average flowering time.

Darcy's Choice

Schreiner 2007

Aarsis Chois flower of original color with white beards on crimson halyards. Wonderful branched peduncle. Average flowering time.

Dawn To Dusk

Schreiner 2008

Aone To Dask

A two-colored pink-purple flower that takes on a unique gray tint on acidic soils: unexpected and attractive. Medium late.

Edgefield glow

Schreiner 2011

Edgefield Glow

Exceptional brightness orange flower with dark tangerine beards. This new variety of bearded irises has an incomparable color and excellent vigor not found in other orange forms. Medium early.

Never been kissed

Blyth 2008

Never Win

Kissed Fashionable reverse: blue top and pure white bottom. Luxurious flower of delicate color. Distinctive feature- the best corrugation to date. Medium early.

Palace symphony

Blyth 2007

Palace Symphonies

A purple-wine flower with almost black beards and exceptional corrugation. A variety that combines the best features of American and Australian breeding. Average flowering time.

Royal birth

Royal 2003

Royal Burf

Creamy white with golden halyard bases. Dense flower texture. Abundant flowering and steady growth. Medium early flowering period.

Undivided Attention

Ernst 2004

Antiwaged Attension

Deep pink, warm salmon color, denser in the center of the flower. Bright coral beards. Abundantly flowering cultivar. Medium late.

Warranty

T. Johnson 2004

Warranty

A huge hovering purple-black flower with a velvety texture on a tall peduncle. Medium late flowering period.

There is a special anti-vandal property - you don't want to rip them off! When the question arises of what flowers to plant near a house or an entrance, irises are often subconsciously chosen (they are cockerels, or irises). A huge number of different shades have determined their name: irises are named after the goddess of the rainbow.

They bloom in the spring, and some varieties bloom again in the fall. These perennial plants bloom especially magnificently in the 3rd year after planting. Rhizome irises are extremely unpretentious and are not afraid of winter. So the former became wild flower urban.

Maybe for some it will turn out to be a discovery, but under the general name "iris" there are actually very similar externally, but different plants: rhizome and bulbous iris. The latter, in turn, includes three genera:, and juno. Each of them has its own characteristics.

Planting irises

Rhizome irises photophilous. But they can bloom under a tree, especially in the southern regions. Most of all, they do not like excesses: excess and waterlogging of the soil can destroy them.

If you have a choice, purchase large rhizomes - they have more supply of nutrients. If the division has 7 or more leaves, the iris will bloom the next year, in the spring.

Optimal planting time bearded irises - late summer, August. But in practice, rhizome irises are divided and transplanted either during flowering, or immediately after its completion (within a month).

For all the simplicity of irises you cannot plant them in heavy soil... Add sand and peat, shovel well this mixture. Depleted soil can be fertilized with a minimum nitrogen content. On acidic soil irises grow vigorously leaves, but do not bloom or bloom weakly. In this case, soil with ash or chalk.

If groundwater close, think about soil drainage... Then you will avoid the most unpleasant disease for irises - root rot.

The earth is dug onto the bayonet of the shovel. Fertilizers (if necessary) are applied a week before planting. It should be planted shallowly so that the bud is at the surface level (the upper part of the rhizome cannot be covered with earth), the leaves should be arranged vertically. Leave about 40 cm between the plants for further growth. Water immediately after planting. The next watering is not earlier than 3 days later.

It happens, for some reason, you need to save the planting material for 2 weeks. Do not keep the rhizomes in plastic bags or in a damp cloth. Store them in a cool dry place, always with good ventilation.

Bulbous irises love the sun, moisture and well-heated fertile loose soil. The most undemanding to watering is Juno, she loves arid places. Sunny rocky slides are the best place for her.

Landing dates: in the middle lane - in the middle of September, in the south - in the middle of October. It is better to cover the planting for the winter. In the spring, they will grow very early, sometimes even the snow will not have time to melt. Planting depth - 2 bulb heights, but not less than 5 cm.

After flowering (May-June) for a month, when the leaves are about half dry, the bulbs need to be dug out. The main thing is not to miss the moment: if they are flooded with rains, the risk of fungal diseases will increase. The dug out bulbs are washed in a 0.2% solution of potassium permanganate or other, quickly dried and stored in a dry ventilated room until planting.

Per rhizome irises minimal care. At first, weeds are pulled out by hand, since root system flowers are located at the very surface of the soil. Loosening must also be done carefully. When the bearded irises grow, weeding and loosening will no longer be necessary.

Bulbous views require more care. In autumn yellow leaves and with brown spots must be removed. In exotic species, the leaves are cut to half the length. At the end of autumn, heat-loving varieties are sheltered. In early spring hurry to remove the "coverlet".

Withered flowers are always removed by cutting off the peduncle as close to the rhizome as possible.

Watering

In a dry summer blooming irises watered in the evening, making sure that no water gets on the flowers.

In windy places, tall irises are tied up: the peduncles can break under the weight of the flowers.

Top dressing

It is advisable to feed both rhizome and bulbous irises three times:

in the spring;
during the period of bud formation;
rhizome - in August, bulbous - within a month after flowering.

Protection from pests and diseases

You can spray irises against pests once every 2 weeks (if necessary). Treatments are most effective 6 weeks before flowering. Usually this is not necessary, pests are not the main enemy of irises.

If rot appears on the rhizomes, it must be cleaned out to healthy tissue, then treated with a special solution. Then the rhizome is dried all day in the open air, occasionally turning it over. The soil from the place where the iris grew is removed.

Types of irises

There are many types and varieties of irises, it is impossible to list them all in one article. Therefore, let's pay attention to the most popular ones.

Our market will help you choose iris varieties, where offers from the largest online stores are collected. ...

Iris Timescape 1 pc. 189 rbl WATCH
AgroSemFond

Iris bearded Fogbound (Iris germanica Fogbound) 219 rbl WATCH
Garshinka

Iris bearded Rustic Cedar 219 rbl WATCH
Garshinka

Iris germanica Thriller 219 rbl WATCH
Garshinka

Familiar to all cockerels - bearded irises.

Have bulbous xyphyums smaller size flower, but there are also plenty of varieties. The chic broadleaf Dutch varieties are especially beautiful:

"Blue Champion";
"Ideal";
"Symphony".

And narrow-leaved:

Seafire Beauty;
"Yellow Queen".

Some varieties iridodictium boast a delicate petal pattern.

By the flowers Juno flowers are rather narrow petals.

Your flowers will be healthy if you love them. Have a nice season!

Iris (Latin Iris), or Iris, or Cockerel- a genus of rhizome perennials of the family Iris, or Iris (Iridaceae). Irises grow everywhere and have about 700 species of all kinds of shapes and shades. In translation, iris means "rainbow". So named the flower Hippocrates in honor of Iris, the goddess of the rainbow. Legend says that when Prometheus gave people fire, a rainbow flared up - so nature rejoiced. The rainbow shimmered all day, evening and night, and when the darkness receded and the sun rose, everyone saw that amazing irises bloomed on the ground - flowers that looked like rainbows. Florence (translated as "blooming") got its name from the Romans because the fields around the city were dotted with irises. The iris flower has been cultivated for more than two thousand years. And they are grown not only as a decoration for gardens, but also as a valuable raw material for the production of essences in the perfumery industry.

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Planting and caring for irises (in brief)

Landing: species plants - by sowing seeds in open ground before winter or after stratification seed in the spring. Varietal - by dividing the rhizomes and planting them in the ground every 3-4 years after flowering.
Bloom: from May to mid-summer.
Lighting: bright sunlight in the morning.
The soil: fertile, drained, cultivated to a depth of 20 cm, in composition - light or medium, neutral or slightly alkaline.
Watering: regular, sufficient, during the budding period - abundant.
Top dressing: mineral complex fertilizers in liquid form before flowering. Do not feed during flowering. Do not use organics.
Reproduction: seed, vegetative (by dividing the rhizome).
Pests: gladiolus thrips, scoops, aphids, root onion mites, onion hoverflies, stem, strawberry and rootworm nematodes, slugs, bears, wireworms, beetles.
Diseases: bacteriosis, gray rot, fusarium.

Iris flowers - description

Irises are rhizome plants. Cord-like or filiform roots grow on the rhizome. Peduncles (one or more) are annual. The leaves are flat, xiphoid, thin, two-row, sometimes linear, with a waxy coating. They are collected in fan-shaped bunches at the base of the peduncle, there are almost no stem leaves. The flowers of irises are single, sometimes in small inflorescences, large, often fragrant, differ in an intricate graceful shape and are colored in the most different colors and their combinations. The flower has six petals (in fact, these are the perianth lobes). The three outer lobes are slightly turned downwards, and they usually differ in color from the upper lobes, which, having grown together at the bottom, form a tube. Irises bloom from May to July, two or three flowers bloom simultaneously from one to five days. Iris fruit is a three-celled capsule.

Growing iris - features

Many hobbyists refuse to breed irises, believing that this is a very difficult process. In fact, growing irises is by no means tedious and time consuming as it seems. You just need to know some of the subtleties that distinguish the care of these beautiful flowers.

At first, the peculiarity of irises is that their rhizomes grow horizontally and often become bare, coming to the surface. Therefore, irises in winter must be sprinkled with earth and peat so that they do not freeze. In the spring, this cover is carefully removed.

Secondly, irises love to move, and in one year they can shift their position to the side by a few centimeters. To make the rows look smoother, you need to plant irises with a fan of leaves along, not across the row.

Thirdly, bearded iris should be planted on the sand: sand is poured into the bottom of the hole and the iris root is spread over it. If planted deeply, the iris will either disappear or will not bloom.

Fourth, don't feed irises with organic fertilizers, they don't like them. Best view top dressing - mineral fertilizers in liquid form.

When and where to plant irises

There is a general consensus that irises should be divided and replanted immediately after flowering so that they have time to start before winter. But if autumn is warm and long in your area, you can take your time with the transplant. Actually, irises can be planted in spring, autumn and summer after flowering. The main thing is not to forget to transplant irises every 3-4 years, and Siberian irises - at least once every ten years, otherwise they degenerate, grow and stop blooming.

In the photo: Growing irises in a flower bed

It is necessary to plant bearded irises on slopes or hills that are well lit in the first half of the day, protected from drafts, so that there is an outflow of melt water and good drainage. Marsh and Siberian irises, on the contrary, love moist soil. But both irises like the soil rich, and if the soil on your site does not meet this requirement, apply oily garden soil or compost to the soil in the spring before planting, fertilize it with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. If the soil is acidic, add dolomite flour, chalk or wood ash. If there is loam on the site, add peat and sand, if, on the contrary, the site is sandy, add clay soil. To decontaminate the area before planting, spill the area with a fungicide and treat with herbicides against possible weeds.

Do not use manure to fertilize the site.

Planting irises in spring

Planting and caring for irises requires some knowledge, but not as much effort as it seems to beginner growers. Planting material, if it was stored over the winter or was bought in a store, it is better to treat it with growth stimulants such as EcoGel or Zircon before planting. Long roots must be carefully trimmed, rotten places must be removed, and the root must be kept for disinfection in a solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes.

The irises are planted as follows: sand is poured into a shallow hole, the rhizome of the bearded iris is placed horizontally on top, the roots are straightened, covered with soil so that the upper part of the rhizome remains above the level, and watered well. If you bury the entire rhizome, you can provoke its decay. Beardless irises on the contrary, you need to deepen it a few centimeters and, in addition, mulch to retain moisture with fallen needles or peat. The distance between the irises should be at least half a meter.

In the photo: How to properly plant irises in the open field

Planting irises in autumn

Irises are planted in spring in the same way as in autumn, or rather in late summer, namely after flowering. This usually happens from August to the end of September, although the sooner you plant, plant or transplant irises, the more you are sure that they will take root. You need to use a pitchfork to dig an iris bush, divide it into annual links with a leaf blade, carefully shorten the cord-like roots, cut out damaged or rotten places, disinfect a couple of hours in a solution of dark pink potassium permanganate, then dry for 4-5 hours in the sun. Planting irises is carried out in a way that is already known to you. The distance between low-growing irises is 15 cm, medium-sized irises - 20 cm, high-50 cm.

In the photo: Planting irises in a flower bed

Iris care

How to care for irises in the garden

Love for warmth and light is the main feature of irises. Concerning glaze, then it is important to strictly monitor the amount of moisture received by plants in the budding phase. During this time, watering should be regular and sufficient. In general, irises should be watered only when the soil near the roots becomes very dry.

Concerning feeding, then in most cases it will be sufficient to fertilize the soil during spring preparation plot. But if you think that plants need nutrition, then it is appropriate in the form of a solution of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers applied under the root during growth, but it is categorically impossible to fertilize irises during flowering.

In the photo: Iris rhizome

You will have to fight weeds throughout the growing season. Weeding carried out by hand, because the horizontally developing root system of irises is very close to the surface, and you can accidentally disturb it by working with a hoe. Occasionally, you still need to loosen the soil, only this must be done very carefully, trying not to damage the roots. And one more thing: do not be lazy to remove wilted flowers, otherwise they can become a breeding ground for pests.

Diseases and pests of irises

The more graceful and variegated the iris variety in the flower bed, the higher the likelihood of it being affected by diseases and pests. The main condition for the health of your plants is compliance with all the rules of agricultural technology of the species. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the "well-being" of irises throughout the growing season in order to see the problem in time and be able to eliminate it.

If the plant is affected by fusarium or another type of rot, the delay of death is similar: you need to immediately remove and destroy the diseased specimen and be sure to shed the remaining irises along the roots and under the root with a two percent solution of Fundazol. Use this drug as a preventive treatment of rhizomes before planting, then the risk of the likelihood of the disease will be reduced.

As a preventive measure against spotting of all types, irises are sprayed with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

In the photo: Iris rots

Of the pests, the irises are most often affected by scoops, eating away at the base of the peduncles, as a result of which they turn yellow and die. To avoid this problem, at the beginning of the growing season, irises should be sprayed twice with a weekly interval with a ten percent solution of karbofos.

They attack irises and gladiolus thrips, from which photosynthesis is disturbed in the leaves of plants, they become brown and dry out. Iris buds affected by thrips become ugly and discolored. The risk of infection by thrips is especially high during dry summers. You can eliminate the problem with the help of Karbofos, as in the case of the scoop, or by spraying the plants with a strained ten-day infusion of 400 g of shag with the addition of 40 g of grated laundry soap.

Iris pests can be slugs... To get rid of them, spread wet rags or burdock leaves between the iris bushes, which the slugs use as shelter, then collect them together with the slugs and destroy. There is another way to deal with slugs: in dry weather, early in the morning or in the evening, scatter granular metaldehyde over the area at the rate of 30-40 g per 10 m 2.

If you are not going to plant your irises this year, then it is best to cut the flower stalks after flowering. If the leaves begin to turn yellow, you can cut off the yellowness by making the tip of the leaf semicircular - it looks very nice, and your iris will still decorate the flower bed, and its rhizome will gain nutrients for growth and flowering next year.

If the autumn is warm, the irises can bloom again.

When the leaves finally dry out, cut them at a height of 10-15 cm and burn them to destroy possible pest eggs or pathogens.

In the photo: Reproduction of irises by division

Before the onset of cold weather, sprinkle the bare roots of irises with earth, cover the area with a layer of sand or peat 8-10 cm thick.If there is a possibility of severe or prolonged frosts, cover the area with dry foliage or spruce branches. If the winter is snowy, the irises will not need shelter.

If you bought or dug up rhizomes of bearded irises in the fall and want to keep them until spring, the best place to store them is in a cold, dry room. Fold the well-dried roots in a box and take them out to the balcony or loggia. You just need to first wrap each root in paper, cloth or sprinkle them in a box with dry sawdust or dry peat.

In the photo: Preparing irises for storage

All other types of irises are moisture-loving, therefore The best way to save the iris root until spring is to plant it in a flowerpot, after cutting off the long roots, disinfecting it in a weak solution of potassium permanganate and drying it after that. The root is not immersed deeply in the ground, lightly sprinkled with earth on top. In the spring, the sprouted root, together with an earthen clod, is planted in the ground.

Types and varieties of irises

Bearded irises

According to the flower shape, root irises are divided by botany into bearded and non-bearded ones. Bearded irises, so called because of the shaggy hairs on the petals, have their own classification (tall, medium-sized, curb, standard medium-sized, small-flowered medium-sized, medium-sized binders, standard dwarf, miniature dwarf, table, arylbreds, aryls and aryllopredbreds, arylbreds, arylbreds, arylbreds, arylbreds and aryl-like arylbreds). But this classification is for scientists, for amateur flower growers they are all just bearded irises of different sizes.

In the photo: Bearded irises

In culture, there are hundreds of varieties of tall bearded iris, which also exists under the name German iris. Iris Germanic - the most common type of bearded iris. Here are some popular varieties that will brighten up any garden:

Baltic Sea- strongly corrugated irises of deep blue color with blue beards;
Bewilderbest- corrugated creamy burgundy red with stripes and strokes of yellow and white;
Acoma- sky blue-ivory with lavender border, very popular with Americans.

German Iris (Iris germanica)

Non-bearded irises

The generalizing name is conditional, includes the following species: Siberian iris, Japanese iris, spuria iris, Louisiana iris, Californian iris, marsh iris and other irises (specific and interspecific). We will tell you about the most popular species in our latitudes:

Siberian Iris (Iris sibirica)

Whose natural color varies from blue to dark purple, although today there are already about 1000 varieties with different colors, for example:

irises white Snow Queen;
Imperial opal 80 cm high, pink lavender color, flowers up to 10 cm in diameter;
iris yellow with white border Batts & Suga.

There is only one drawback - Siberian iris is devoid of aroma.

In the photo: Siberian Iris (Iris sibirica)

Japanese Iris (Iris japonica)

He is the xiphoid iris, he is the Kempfler iris with large orchid flowers up to 25 cm in diameter, odorless. Japanese breeders have developed a multi-petal and terry garden form of Japanese iris, which is called hana-shobu. Unfortunately, this species is not frost-resistant, therefore, varieties bred specifically for our latitudes are recommended for flower growers.