Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems. The device and principle of operation of sprinkler fire extinguishing systems How does a sprinkler fire extinguishing system work

Some of the simplest, wittiest and most effective types automatic systems fire extinguishing are sprinkler fire extinguishing systems. The design is based on the use of the final elements of the plumbing system, which are able to open independently when the temperature in the room reaches a certain threshold value.

The history of the emergence and use of sprinklers reaches the beginning of the 19th century, and their widespread use in various modifications continues to this day. Efficiency and survivability similar systems is determined by the fact that they lack complex elements feedback or automatic devices based on semiconductor, computer or other circuits of increased complexity.

Everyone knows - what simpler system, the more reliable it is. The principle of operation of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system has not changed since its invention. Of course, new elements and materials are used, the efficiency of the application is calculated more accurately, they become more powerful, the response inertia is reduced, but the fundamental principles remain unchanged. This is the essence of all great inventions - they can only be improved, but fundamental changes are very difficult.

Water sprinkler fire extinguishing, originally conceived as a network of pipes constantly filled with water under a certain pressure. The nozzle system, covered with caps made of a material that easily breaks down when the temperature rises, is the main extinguishing agent. When a fire breaks out in the room, they melt or collapse from heating, and water from the pipelines is sprayed onto the hearth.
All subsequent improvements were mainly related to the design of handpieces and their locking locks. State of the art described by the name itself - sprinkler. It is a spray gun that sprays water under pressure.

Modern sprinkler fire extinguishing system, what is it?

The currently used sprinkler fire extinguishing systems differ from the classical ones in many details, which increase not only the efficiency and reliability of use, but also the period of their use. As at the beginning of the century, the main substance for extinguishing a fire is ordinary water from a city or local water supply. Its pressure in plastic or steel pipes is maintained at a constant level using a system check valves... In the event of malfunctions in the main water supply system or their temporary shutdown, the pressure in the sprinkler system is maintained at the required level for initial operation. System advantages:

Work in automatic mode;
Lack of power supply;
Absence complex schemes feedback;
Always ready to work;
Long service life.

When one of the sprayers starts spraying water, the pressure drops and the standby pump of the autonomous water supply is turned on, which is an indispensable part of modern sprinkler-type fire extinguishing systems. The design of the classic atomizer has also undergone changes over the decades of operation. Until now, the most effective is the atomizer, where the water is shut off by a valve, which is kept closed by a fusible external insert.
The insert is located with outside to exclude the cooling effect of water from the water line, which can increase the response time of the system.

Modern sprayers are designed for effective work within 12 m² of serviced area. In this case, one or more neighboring devices may be triggered, which do not lead to a significant pressure drop in the system. This ensures the required duration of operation of the automatic fire extinguishing sprinkler system, which increases its efficiency. Disadvantages of the system:

Inertia of response;
Dependence on the work of the water supply network;
Contraindications to extinguishing electrical wiring;
Dependence on air temperature.

For the effectiveness of fire extinguishing with the help of sprinkler systems, the fact is that not only the fire is extinguished with water, but also the surrounding surfaces and objects are wetted, which significantly reduces the risk of fire.

Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing works without human intervention, but is part of a single system the opposite fire safety... Pressure sensors are triggered by a drop in pressure in the supply pipelines and send an alarm signal to the central panels of the fire alarm systems. Primary fire suppression is the initial part of fire suppression.

Dry sprinkler fire extinguishing systems

Application of sprinkler systems classic look limited to the use of water as a working substance. At negative temperatures, it can freeze and not only paralyze the operation of the system as a whole, but also destroy its supply pipes, which should be in a filled state almost constantly. Application chemical compositions to lower the freezing point is not very justified, due to the possibility of the appearance of sedimentary components clogging the device, up to the loss of performance.

But a solution was also found here - a dry sprinkler fire extinguishing system. It is called dry because, in standby mode, the underwater pipelines are filled not with water, but with compressed air. In many ways, this became possible when steel pipes began to be replaced by plastic ones that can not only withstand significant pressure, but also not corrode when interacting with atmospheric oxygen.

The operation of a dry sprinkler system is also based on the application of the fundamental laws of physics. When one of the sprinklers is triggered, that is, when one of the low-melting partitions or inserts collapses, the compressed air will escape through the valve and the required vacuum will appear in the pipe, slightly exceeding the usual one. Atmosphere pressure... This will trigger the valves in the water system, which is located in a warm room or underground and is not subject to freezing.

Water from this system fills the pipes and is sprayed onto the trigger sprayer. Modern systems equipped with devices for fast blowdown of the network. When one sprinkler is triggered to relieve pressure, the others also open, and the pressure in the pipelines drops almost instantly.

Due to the complexity and constant readiness of the system for operation, the design and maintenance of a sprinkler fire extinguishing system is carried out only by organizations that have the necessary licenses to carry out work of this kind. Sprinkler systems are certified fire-fighting facilities, and all their parameters are strictly regulated by the relevant GOSTs and SNiPs.

Deluge fire extinguishing systems

Drencher fire extinguishing systems are an option for sprinkler systems, although most experts consider them independent system fire extinguishing. Pipelines are installed according to the same schemes as in sprinkler networks. But the main difference between sprinkler and deluge fire extinguishing systems is the method of excitation. Drencher sprayers are activated by a signal from a central console or fire detector, and not from the actuation of a thermal lock. In many cases, this reduces the inertia of the system's response and increases its efficiency.

Deluge systems are used at objects of any type and purpose. The difference can only be in the condition of the pipelines. Dry systems are used on unheated objects or any other points where the possibility of an explosion or sudden intense fire is excluded. In all other cases, water-filled deluge installations are installed.

The use of automatic fire fighting systems is the most reliable way property protection. Before choosing one or another fire-fighting structure, it is necessary to understand the features of each of them, and how the principle of operation differs from powder or deluge models.

The device and design of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system

It is no coincidence that sprinkler-type fire-fighting devices are called systems, i.e. complex equipment, the action of which is based on the interaction of constituent assemblies and elements. The sprinkler fire extinguishing system device consists of:

piping designed to transfer, distribute and spray water or foam;
sprinklers (sprinklers) installed on pipes and spraying the incoming liquid over the area of the room;
pumps to increase pressure when supplying water;
water tanks and access to a centralized plumbing system;
sound and light warning devices.

The functions of control and signal sensors are performed by the sprinklers themselves, the heads of which are made of heat-sensitive materials.

In a large room, the pipeline consists of individual segments with autonomous system activation, which makes it possible to use it locally. Depending on the power and location of the fire, a different number of sprinklers located in the temperature rise zone are connected.

The pipeline is constantly filled with water and is ready to start operation. V winter time if indoors negative temperatures, then the water is drained from the pipeline, and the inner space is filled with air under pressure, which is easily displaced by water if necessary.

For spacious rooms with high ceilings, equipment with by hand activation, since the temperature during local ignition does not reach the critical values required for automatic melting of the sprinklers.

The scheme of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system provides ( see the diagram above):

length and branching of pipelines
the relative position of the sprinklers taking into account the maximum coverage of the territory.

Methods of sprinkler placement with overlapping zones are used, which provides a reinforced water shower or without overlap, in which a minimum number of sprinklers are used.

For high premises possible use wall models sprinklers, which makes the structure more complex, but increases its efficiency and reduces water consumption and property damage during extinguishing.

Principle of operation

As with any fire-fighting equipment, sprinkler devices are designed to suppress fire by spraying extinguishing agents. The principles of operation of a sprinkler fire extinguishing system are based on the use of liquid, foam, gas or water-gas mixtures.

The main operating element is a sprinkler, which simultaneously performs the functions of a sensor and a sprayer. In addition to this, other sensors that respond to temperature or air composition can be used. Such devices increase the speed of the system, but complicate the principles of its control. Another chain is added to the circuit, consisting of sensors and a control unit that activate the equipment before the sprinklers melt.

To a large extent, for a sprinkler fire extinguishing system, the principle of operation is based on the pressure difference inside the system and outside. In the passive state, these two pressures are balanced, and the shut-off valve hermetically shuts off the water supply to the sprinklers. After the high temperature dissolves the sprinkler heads and creates pressure differentials within the system, the valve opens and pressurized water is pumped into the room through the spray holes of the sprinkler.

How much pressure should a sprinkler fire extinguishing system be?

Requirements for the pressure level are formulated in SP 5.13130.2009 and other regulatory documents. The pressure in the sprinkler fire extinguishing system is indicated in the accompanying technical documents and must be observed during operation. Compliance with pressure standards is one of the mandatory questions of equipment performance checks.

The requirements of the joint venture indicate the permissible maximum and minimum indicators of what pressure in the sprinkler fire extinguishing system is considered acceptable.

Note!
So, the maximum pressure at the sprinkler can be no more than 1 MPa or 10 atmospheres, but other indicators are also allowed if they are fixed in the technical conditions for protecting the property.

The optimal pressure level in a two-pipe automatic fire extinguishing system is selected based on the fact that the fire-fighting equipment must operate within a certain time, i.e. the inertia of the installation should not exceed 180 seconds.

For air sprinkler structures, the minimum pressure can be 0.01 MPa, with a further decrease, a signal is given to turn off the compressor.

Operating rules

The operation of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system must be maintained for a long time and constantly maintain the equipment in working order.

During operation responsible person is obliged to observe:

system integrity;
the level of its filling with water or other extinguishing solutions;
connecting to electrical equipment(pumps, pumps, alarms) and the presence of voltage in the electrical network;
consistent indicators technical specifications specified in the documentation for the equipment;
arrange regular maintenance and checks on fire extinguishing capabilities
in case of failure of at least one of the constituent elements, take care of the repair or dismantling of the equipment and replace it with a new model.

Conclusion

The principles on which sprinkler fire extinguishing devices work have made this equipment the most common and in demand due to its ease of operation and high degree reliability.

Fire is the number one natural disaster, especially in areas with buildings and structures of various types and destination. Humanity is fighting fires all the time, so there is experience in extinguishing them. One of the most effective options is a sprinkler fire extinguishing system, which got its name from sprinklers, they are also sprinklers, they are also sprinklers.

In fact, it is small appliances, hollow inside with large quantity small through holes through which the pressurized water flows out. The sprinklers themselves are attached to pipelines (threaded connection) through which the water from the pumps moves to the end point of the spray.

This is an extensive network of pipelines in which water is always under pressure. This is necessary in order for the network to react instantly when the first fires appear. Therefore, the sprinkler system includes:

A jockey pump that maintains the pressure inside the network. It is small in power and volume. Its task is not to deliver the amount of water required to extinguish the fire. But it can be used to extinguish a small fire.
The main pump that provides the required volume of water. Their number is determined by the branching of pipelines and the number of sprinkler sprinklers.
Piping connecting pumps and sprinklers.
Sprinklers themselves.

How this scheme works. It's all about the sprinklers, or rather, their thermal lock, which supports the valve that closes the holes. The lock is a hermetically sealed glass flask, inside which a special heat-expanding liquid is pumped. Under the influence of the rising temperature from the fire, the liquid expands in volume, presses on the glass from the inside of the flask, which leads to its cracking. The flask bursts, opening the water supply.

Through the small holes, the latter begins to spray under the pressure created by the jockey pump. If several glass flasks burst from an increase in the air temperature inside the room, then the jockey pump can handle this volume of required water on its own. But if the fire becomes large, that is, a large number of sprinklers are included in the work, then the main pump is turned on, providing the required volume of water.

In addition to these elements, the network necessarily includes signaling: light and sound. Optionally, various containers in which the required volume of water is stored. If the object is small, then the pumps are connected to the water supply.

Since a sprinkler is a fundamental element of a sprinkler fire extinguishing system, it must be described in more detail. First of all, you need to deal with thermal locks - glass bulbs. They are standard devices in size. But in terms of speed of response, they differ strikingly from each other. Therefore, manufacturers color liquids in different colors.

The first two positions belong to the category of low-temperature elements, the rest to high-temperature ones.

Purely structurally, the models differ from each other in only one element - a rosette, which forms the direction of splashing water or foam. There are three main models here:

Standard, round rosette that creates irrigation flow in its own shape in all directions. Manufacturers offer two types of water sprinklers of this type: installed with an upward outlet (SVV brand) and a downward outlet (SVN brand).
The outlet has a visor that redirects the flow of sprayed water. They are used only if it is required to focus on a particular area, for example, to create water curtains or to provide cooling of technological equipment.
Sprinkler, inside of which a cap with a large number of small holes is installed on the side of the supply pipeline. It is this cap that creates the finely dispersed type of water spray. Typically, these devices are used in sprinkler fire extinguishing systems at facilities defined by class "A" according to the degree of fire hazard.

The quality of sprinklers is indicated by some requirements:

The tightness of the device. Since the entire sprinkler fire extinguishing system is constantly under pressure, any leaks are leaks through which water will pour into the premises. So this parameter is considered the main indicator of the quality of the device.
Durability and reliability of the fixtures. Shock loads, the negative impact of aggressive environments, changes in humidity and temperature - all these sprinklers must withstand throughout the entire operation.
The reliability of the glass bulb. It should only burst under the influence of the required temperature.
The intensity of the water spray. It all depends on the diameter of the holes, which varies in the range of 8-20 mm.

Requirements for the state of fire extinguishing agents

Since fire extinguishing is various options the substances used to extinguish the fire, and these are gases, water, foam, all kinds of water-dispersed solutions, then the attitude towards them in terms of the created pressure is different.

For liquid substances, the pressure is at least 1 MPa (10 atm.).
For gases - not less than 0.01 MPa.

These are just the recommended values. Real indicators are determined on the basis of technical documentation, which is formed at the design stage of the sprinkler system. At the same time, the documents must indicate the maximum and minimum value of the pressure of fire extinguishing agents inside the pipelines. The correct observance of the parameters is controlled by the state fire protection agency.

How does a sprinkler fire extinguishing system work in general

It should be noted that the entire engineering scheme of fire extinguishing of an object is a set of measures to prevent the occurrence of casualties among people and reduce damage to property. Therefore, the sequence of operations is as follows.

The fire sprinkler is triggered first. That is, a glass bulb bursts in it from a rise in temperature.
This is the signal for the jockey pump and for the security control panel.
Through the latter, work is performed with elevators, if any are present at the facility. They are called automatically to the first floor, their doors are opened and locked in this state. According to fire safety rules, elevators cannot be used during a fire.
Ventilation is also automatically turned off via the remote control. In the process of a fire, it becomes a channel through which fire and smoke move between floors and rooms. This cannot be allowed. It is very important to close the air valves in all rooms.
The alarm goes off.
When the fire level rises, the jockey pump is turned off, the main pumping equipment is turned on.

It turns out that sprinklers play the main role in the sprinkler system. They are the ones who close several different systems safety, and more specifically: control, alarm and pumping piping.

The installation of a sprinkler fire extinguishing system is basically the assembly of the entire network exactly with the calculations carried out, which relate to the volume of water required to extinguish the fire source. In this case, the area of the focus is selected to the maximum.

First of all, an irrigation map is created, where the exact locations of the sprinklers are indicated so that they cover the most dense spraying of fire extinguishing agents. That is, when extinguishing a fire, there should not be a single area that has not been flooded with water or other material. Depending on the water pressure in the pipes, the irrigation area will vary in direct proportion. That is, the higher the pressure, the larger the area that will be filled with water from one sprinkler. The map must indicate in which position the sprinklers will be installed: upward or downward.

There are other restrictions on the location of the sprinklers:

before lighting fixtures- 1m;
to the walls - half the distance between the sprinklers, if the object belongs to the category of fire hazard K0 and K1, and within 1.2 m at K2 and K3.

After drawing up the irrigation map, a general project of the fire extinguishing system is created, where the pump installation locations and the layout of the pipe junction are indicated. The difficulty lies in accurately choosing the diameters of the pipes that will be scattered throughout the premises. Direct dependence - what larger area, the more fire sprinklers have to be installed, the larger the pipe diameter will have to be used in them.

Advantages and disadvantages of sprinkler installations

The advantages include:

high efficiency of extinguishing fire;
simplicity of design;
ease of installation and preventive measures;

No one would argue with the assertion that fire is one of the worst disasters that can happen in life, since its consequences are rarely minor. The task of automatic warning and fire extinguishing systems is to prevent a fire or its spread in order to protect the life and health of people, as well as material values and equipment. Nowadays, one of the most common are automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems, which will be discussed in this article.

In accordance with regulatory documents, automatic fire extinguishing installations must be provided in buildings for a specific purpose. These include various production, administrative and public buildings with a large crowd of people, the device of such systems in private construction is not provided for by the norms. Regardless, some homeowners still equip their homes. fire alarm, and even fire extinguishing. For this, a sprinkler and deluge system is used, extinguishing the flame with water or other liquid compounds or gases.

The deluge scheme is designed to extinguish a fire in large areas with a large amount of water, therefore, it is most often used in a fire to cool various hazardous objects, which can easily ignite or in order to create between the source of fire and the rest of the room water curtain... The volume of water supplied per unit of time by the deluge system is so great that the consequences of its operation can exceed the damage from a fire. The peculiarity of this method is that fire pipelines are filled with water only after a fire, by a signal from an automation system or by manual activation.

In turn, a sprinkler fire extinguishing system is a network of pipelines with water sprays installed on them, operating locally. Its main difference from the drencher one is that each water sprinkler (sprinkler) operates independently in automatic mode if there is a certain temperature in the area of its location. Thus, in the event of a local fire in the room, one or more sprinklers located in the elevated temperature zone will work, this is the principle of operation of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system.

Sprinkler system device

In a typical heated building, the piping to which all sprayers are connected are constantly filled with water or other pressurized compound. It is provided by a special pump, and in the event of a fire, it will pump water from a water supply network or a fire tank to maintain pressure. In accordance with the norms, for these purposes, at least 2 or even 3 pumps are provided, one of which is working, and the rest are backup.

In unheated structures, the sprinkler installation provides for the emptying of the network in winter. To avoid freezing of water in the pipelines, they are filled with compressed air, which is quickly released from the system after the automatic valve is triggered during a fire, and the pipes are filled with a flame extinguishing agent. However, under such conditions, the time before the start of irrigation with water increases, which means that the probability of the spread of fire increases.

Modern fire extinguishing systems can also be turned on manually. This is especially true in structures with high ceilings, where local fire does not always raise the temperature in the area where the sprinklers are located.

The tasks of calculating and designing these systems should be performed by specialized organizations that have all the necessary permissions, since the responsibility of this work is very high. As a rule, the following sprinkler system diagrams are used during development:

with overlapping irrigation zones;
without overlapping irrigation zones.

The first type of schemes is different reliable work and involves the use of critical facilities, but requires a large number of sprinklers and, accordingly, water to extinguish the fire.

A scheme without overlapping zones also has the right to life, since it is more economical in installation and does not require a large water consumption.

The distance between the nozzles is determined depending on the chosen scheme, the height of the ceilings and technical characteristics devices. Typically, foam fire extinguishing sprinkler installations are located in the upper part of the room, under the ceiling, so that the flow of water or foam in the form of a torch is directed downward. However, there are also wall options sprinklers, they are used with too high ceilings industrial buildings or to protect valuable equipment. In addition, the circuits often involve the function of switching on at least two sprinklers in order to prevent false triggering.

Sprinkler design

As the name suggests, water sprinkler fire extinguishing is based on the work of the main element of the circuit - the sprinkler. In simple words, this is an atomizer equipped with a so-called thermal lock, which plays the role of a trigger. Usually, a glass bulb with a liquid or a fusible link acts as a thermal lock. In standby mode, the lock restrains a compressed Belleville spring, at the end of which there is a valve cover that blocks the path of water. The sprinklers themselves and their parts are made of non-ferrous metals that are resistant to corrosion.

Glass bulb or fusible link designed for a specific temperature threshold environment... When this threshold is exceeded, the liquid inside the flask expands and destroys it, respectively, the fusible link loses its rigidity and the thermal lock opens. A spring is released, which lifts the valve cover and thereby opens up a stream of pressurized water. Further, the structure of the body ensures its high-quality spraying. At the same time, the water pressure in the system begins to decrease, which fixes the sensor and turns on the fire extinguishing pump.

Sprinklers for fire-fighting systems must comply with the following quality indicators:

Tightness. Since the device is constantly under high pressure, then this indicator plays an important role. Leakage is unacceptable, because water can get on expensive equipment, documents, people, and so on.

Strength. A well-made sprinkler should not lose performance from external influences such as high or low temperature, the influence of aggressive media, resistance to shock loads. In addition, the outlet of the device must operate at a maximum pressure of the outgoing jet up to 1.25 MPa.

Reliable operation of the thermal lock. He must refrain from false switching on the sprinkler during sudden temperature changes.

Sensitivity and speed of response. For low-temperature sprinklers, the maximum turn-on time is up to 300 seconds, for high-temperature sprinklers - up to 600 seconds.

Irrigation intensity. This indicator should correspond regulatory requirements applied to nozzles with different outlet diameters (from 8 to 20 mm).

Conclusion

As a method of local fire fighting, sprinkler fire extinguishing is the most effective, its work often prevents the intervention of fire brigades and, most importantly, harm to life and health of people.

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The sprinkler fire extinguishing system is one of the most popular automatic fire fighting systems used at various facilities. Sprinkler fire extinguishing is a network of pipelines filled with liquid or other substances, along which special sprinklers are placed. The word splinker comes from the English word for sprinkler or sprinkler.

In fire safety, a sprinkler is a nozzle, through which, when the command "fire" is automatically given, it is produced by spraying liquid. The system does not work by supplying water with a continuous stream, but creates a finely dispersed water mist that is dispersed throughout the room. As a result, water consumption is reduced and property damage is significantly reduced.

Main functions

Distinguish between water and gas-filled installations, the so-called dry-pipe structures.

The main tasks of the sprinkler system:

detection of a source of ignition;
raising the alarm;
initial work to contain the fire and the emergence of fire brigades.

Due to the irrigation of the premises, a sprinkler fire extinguishing system:

allows you to reduce the temperature at the source of ignition;
helps to evacuate people;
to ensure the possibility of urgent evacuation of valuable property.

Differs in high reliability and low percentage of false alarms. Sometimes you can find the name "clinker fire extinguishing system", but this is just an erroneous name used by customers who are far from knowing fire terminology.

Application area

A sprinkler fire extinguishing system is a type of equipment whose use procedure is approved by a regulation in the field of fire extinguishing.

Sprinkler systems for water fire extinguishing are required to be installed by the owners of certain real estate, which include:

computer data storage (server, data center, and so on)
underground or underground car parks
buildings with a height of more than 30 m, except for residential complexes
buildings in the construction of which were used metal constructions and combustible insulation materials with an area of more than 800 sq.m.
retail facilities with a total area of 3.5 thousand sq. m. ground floors and from 200 sq.m. basement rooms
warehouses and retail facilities where flammable or flammable materials are located
warehouses with installed racks and shelves above 5.5 meters
halls for exhibitions with an area of more than 1 thousand square meters.
halls (cinema, concert, etc.) with a capacity of more than 800 seats

Facilities not included in the approved mandatory list can use the sprinkler units as they wish. The units can serve both huge premises and ordinary apartments.

Advantages and disadvantages

Sprinkler fire extinguishing is one of the most common methods of protecting premises from fires. His widespread promotes whole line positive factors, including:

relatively low cost of equipment, installation and consumables;
the ability to use it in a room of any size;
fully automated system control and launch;
does not consume electricity;
availability and low cost of water;
ease of installation in the presence of centralized water supply;
lowering the temperature at the place of ignition;
harmlessness to health;
makes it possible to evacuate people and valuable property;
minimal damage to property due to the smallest spray of liquid;
gives a small percentage of false positives;
has served for many years.

At the same time, AUPT sprinkler is not universal solution for all cases, since it has a number of significant limitations, such as:

installation is possible only at facilities with centralized water supply;
can not be used in rooms where electrical equipment is located;
reacts to temperature changes, therefore it is not used in industrial or household premises where operations are performed that cause air heating;
not suitable for use at facilities with possible negative temperatures;
it takes some time to turn on (inertia);
triggering occurs at high temperatures (minimum 79 ° C);
is a one-time installation, since after triggering it is necessary to replace all sinclairs.

System Requirements

A sprinkler fire extinguishing system is one of the fire safety systems to which strict requirements are imposed, formulated in regulatory documents, SNIPs, GOSTs, orders, RD and so on.

The main indicator that the equipment must meet is the speed of response and extinguishing of the fire at the time of its ignition. The level of possible damage and spread of fire to neighboring objects depends on this.
A relationship is established between the temperature level to which the system reacts and the response speed, i.e. the inertia of the system depends on the thermal level. At t = 79˚С, the sprinkler lock must collapse within 300 seconds.
There are separate requirements for the maximum permissible nozzle spacing. The sprinklers should not be spaced more than 4 m as the water dispersion radius is 2 meters.
the frequency of control activities is established and Maintenance systems.
Each set of equipment must have a passport, quality certificate and other accompanying documents.

Note!
If the systems are installed at facilities with autonomous water supply, then the complex must provide an additional pump and power supply.

There are special requirements for the design and installation of equipment, which ensure the operability of the system, taking into account the characteristics of the structure (height, number of rooms, type of floors, and so on).

Code of practice

All equipment related to fire safety is strictly regulated. The rules and regulations relate to various indicators and are set out in a number of normative documents, including:

ФЗ dated 22.07.08, No. 123-ФЗ on technical regulations of requirements to ensure fire safety
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390 concerning the fire regime, dated 04/25/12.
NPB 88-2001 on design standards for fire extinguishing and signaling installations
SP 5.13130.2009 on the norms and rules for the design of fire protection systems
a number of other documents

Legislation defines the norms for the installation of equipment that are mandatory for a sprinkler fire extinguishing system, including:

room parameters
permissible number of sprinklers
capacity of pipelines and water storage tanks
acceptable sprinkler locations
distance limits from the sprinkler to other objects (roofs, sockets, ceilings, walls, partitions)
the presence of protective grilles
position of sprinklers

Installation and operation of systems is carried out in compliance with all standards.

Installation features

Installation of a sprinkler fire extinguishing system is carried out in accordance with the approved technology and adherence to the sequence of operations.

Distribution units, water tanks and control unit are installed in a separate room with limited access.
redundant control unit is located on the security console
for the installation of pipelines, seamless pipes with external and internal galvanization are used
connection of pipes is ensured by welding or pressure testing
sprinklers crash into the system during the connection
the system is fastened to the ceilings with rubber clamps, the distance between the fasteners should not exceed 1.5 m.

The installation of a sprinkler fire extinguishing system requires a reliable connection of all nodes and ensuring high strength of the system.

Fire extinguishing sprinkler test

Conclusion

If you have questions about the sprinkler fire extinguishing system and you want to see in practice what it is, just look carefully at the ceiling while in a cinema, art gallery, server room or underground parking lot.