Characteristics of modern educational systems around the world. Education system in different countries

Polyektova Daria

The project work contains a small study of the education system in different countries ah of the world in order to compare the characteristics of school education on different continents and the relationship of the education index with the development of the economy in the country.

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EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE PANORAMA OF COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

Relevance of the project For the classification of countries in the world, many different indicators are used, according to which you can make a short description of the characteristics of the country. One of these indicators is the human potential index, the criterion of which is the education index, in the calculation of which two indicators are taken: the literacy level of the adult population and the cumulative share of students in the population. What picture can you imagine about the country if you know about the number of literate people and the number of students among the population? Hypothesis: Do the digital indicators of the education index affect the economic characteristics of the country?

Goals and objectives of the project The goal of the project: to compare educational systems in different countries of the world. Objectives: Conduct a study of the structure of education systems in the countries of the world on each continent. 2. Compare the features of school education around the world. 3. Classify countries by education index and economy. 4. Arouse interest in education among the audience.

There are 289 states in the world

Japan Education in Japan is a cult supported by family, society and government. The saying is quite applicable to the Japanese education system - “live and learn.” In their lives, the Japanese study for almost a quarter of a century, starting from the age of 3, that is, from kindergarten. In elementary school, children are taught from 6 to 12 years. After completing the sixth grade, young Japanese, having mastered the phonetic alphabet, receive only basic knowledge of hieroglyphic writing. By the end of elementary school, they have mastered about a thousand characters. This is quite a lot, considering that you need to know one thousand eight hundred hieroglyphs to read newspapers. at the first grade school, where the Japanese spend three years, the luggage of hieroglyphs increases to two thousand. foreign language, basics of technology, home economics, musical literacy, receive primary knowledge of art history. This concludes compulsory education. The next stage is a secondary school of the second stage, in which students study until the age of 18. This is a paid education.

France Education in France is compulsory from 6 to 16 years old. The basic principles of French education: freedom of teaching (public and private institutions), free education, neutrality of education. The primary school curriculum, set by the French Ministry of Education, for the various disciplines provides sufficient time for each of the 7 main areas of education. mastery of speech and French; life together; mathematics; knowledge of the world; art education. Secondary education is divided into two stages (college and lyceum) and lasts seven years. College education is compulsory, lasts four years (sixth to third grade) and is divided into three cycles: Adaptation cycle - Sixth grade Central cycle - Fifth and fourth grades Career guidance cycle - Third grade

India The country ranks seventh in the world in terms of area and second in terms of population. India is a country rich in ancient traditions. Children in India go to school from the age of 4. In some schools, children are taught separately. They study 6 days a week, 6-8 lessons. The school studies Hindi, English, mathematics, computer science, history, geography and natural sciences (chemistry, physics, biology), from 6 to 10 grades - Sanskrit. From 10 to 12 grades, students can study in depth their chosen subjects, which they independently choose, as well as teachers. There are summer and winter vacations, as well as for various national and religious holidays. Summer vacations last from May to June. Children go to school on July 1st. Winter holidays start at the end of December and last approximately 10 days.

USA Speaking about American schools, I would like to add that America does not have a single central secondary education system. Each state has its own rules for high schools. All fifty states in America, from Hawaii to Delaware and from Alaska to Louisiana, have their own laws governing education. The US school grading system is alphabetic. A- Excellent B - Good C - Medium D - Below Intermediate F - Unsatisfactory The school system in the United States is divided into several levels and is almost the same as the European system of education, but with some differences: In fact, it is a kindergarten, the purpose of which is to prepare a child for school. It begins at the age of 5 and is optional. Secondary school already starts at the age of 11-14. During this period, American students study compulsory subjects such as English and mathematics, and can also choose other additional subjects. Higher education starts from grade 9 and ends at 12. In addition to compulsory subjects, those that are compulsory in many higher educational institutions are studied. For example, a foreign language.

Finland Finland has been at the top of the list of European countries with the most competitive economy, the least corrupt government, and the most efficient education system for several years. Studying there is not only prestigious, but also cheap, because higher education is free, and the associated costs are relatively small compared to other European countries. Preschool education in Finland is free and optional. The choice is up to the parents, however, when the child turns 6, he must undergo preparatory education in kindergartens or schools. General education in Finland is compulsory and provided free of charge. This applies not only to Finnish children, but also to children of foreign nationals. Compulsory schooling takes 9 years and begins after children reach the age of 7. The country is proud of its 100% literacy rate. Stages of school education in Finland: Junior general education school - from 1 to 6 grades Senior general education school - from 7 to 9 grades Secondary school (gymnasium) - 3 years

Lesotho The education system in Lesotho is underdeveloped and education is not compulsory. Primary schools (duration of study is 7 years) children attend from the age of 6. Secondary education (5 years) begins at the age of 13 and takes place in two stages - three and two years. Primary education covers 98% of children of the corresponding age. The higher education system includes the University of Lesotho (located in the suburb of Manzini Kvaluseni, opened in 1964 as component University of Botswana, Swaziland received the status of an independent university in 1976), agricultural and pedagogical institutes.

New Zealand A lot of attention is paid to education in New Zealand. Every sixth dollar from the budget goes to the development and support of education. In this regard, it is of high quality, and it costs significantly less than higher education of the same level in European countries. There are about 440 schools in New Zealand. Most of them are public and, therefore, free. In addition, there are more than a hundred private schools in the country where parents pay for the education of their children, but these institutions also receive subsidies from the state. All New Zealanders are required by law to complete secondary education. They usually go to school from the age of 5-6. Primary school education lasts 8 years: from the first grade to the eighth. At the age of thirteen, children go to secondary school, where they study in grades 9-13, prepare to enter universities and institutes.

Brazil The full educational cycle in this state includes: 8 years of primary (basic) education; three years of secondary education; higher education - from four to six years; compulsory or optional additional education. In accordance with the Brazilian Constitution, primary (basic) education is free and compulsory. Not only the parents of the children are responsible for fulfilling these conditions, but also the state itself (including the states, federal district, government and municipality). The most frequent and serious problem in Brazilian schools is when children drop out of school because they are not being followed by their parents. This state is widely used child labour despite the fact that children under 16 are prohibited from working, and at the same time primary education is compulsory. And the reason for this is very simple - parents need their children to work and earn money. Private schools are very popular in this country. Higher education in Brazil is also optional. But most of the federal investment is aimed at its development.

England All education in the UK takes place in English. In general, the education system in England is quite different from ours. Studying in the UK starts at the age of 5. At this age, children enter preparatory school. Then they go to primary school and only then to secondary school. The education system in England has evolved over the centuries and today it meets high quality standards. The first important normative document was the "Education Law" of 1944, which, although it was mainly devoted to school education, largely streamlined the education system in England as a whole. Education in England is compulsory for all citizens between the ages of 5 and 16. There are two sectors of education: public (free education) and private (paid educational institutions). Before going to school, 3-4 year old children in England are brought up in kindergartens or Baby Centers. From the age of 5, compulsory education begins, and children go to school for toddlers. From the age of 7 they move to the elementary school, and from the age of 11 - from the elementary to the secondary school. The country's secondary education system includes united, grammatical, technical, modern, special and private schools, among which the elite ones stand out. education or acquisition of the necessary specialty.

MOU Kesovogorskaya secondary school MOU Kesovogorskaya secondary school is one of the total number of basic schools in Russia. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, education in our country is compulsory until the age of 18 and is free. Includes preschool education, primary education, basic education, secondary education, specialized secondary education and higher education. In 2014 our school turns 80 years old. http://www.kgschool.ru/ Preschool group Primary grades Secondary level

Thus, after examining the sources that reveal the meaning of the structure of education in different countries world, I came to the conclusion that: Firstly, the structure of the education system in the countries of the world is the same, it includes preschool, primary and secondary education. The difference remains in the time span of these stages. Secondly, among the features of school education, it can be noted that in some countries, only primary education is enough, that vacation time is determined by climatic characteristics, wearing a school uniform is mandatory, there are significant differences in the assessment of students' knowledge, and in many countries the most important assessment is the one obtained for the exam. In the senior classes, education is focused on obtaining specialization and choosing a higher educational institution. Thirdly, countries by the educational system can be classified according to the economic level of development: Conclusion: developed developing countries with economies in transition Poor countries England, USA, New Zealand, France, Japan Brazil Russia Lesotho

Thank you for attention!

Select a country from the list provided and find out all the features of studying in it. Read in-depth reviews of the education system and educational levels, the most popular educational institutions, tips for admission and home improvement.

Europe

North America

Asia and Oceania

Studying abroad opens up many attractive prospects for students: the opportunity to gain colossal international experience, make new friends from different countries, perfectly master at least one foreign language, get a good world-class education and get acquainted with another culture. Now, when geographical boundaries between countries are becoming more conventional due to the high mobility of people around the world, everyone has a chance to get an education abroad.

Virtually every country has universities and colleges that willingly host international students and offer special programs and scholarship schemes for overseas applicants. With such a wide selection - almost all Earth, - it is not so easy for a future student to decide on a future place of study. If you have already started to think about how to choose a country for further study, there are several key factors that should be taken into account.

The most important thing is to assess how highly the universities of a particular country are ranked in the field that you plan to study.

Many European countries are traditionally strong in the humanitarian field. Italy and France are very popular among future art historians, cultural experts, historians and, of course, fashion designers. Great design schools are also famous for Great Britain, which, however, deservedly ranks one of the first places in the quality of education in all areas. Are you dreaming of a career in business, economics or finance? There are many good business schools in Europe, but the undisputed leader in this area is the United States. Many promising opportunities will open up for future engineers and scientists in the field of exact sciences in Germany, especially if you are planning a scientific career in the future.

Another important factor for choosing a country of study is the language. Sometimes students choose this or that country precisely because they already know the corresponding foreign language. Some, on the contrary, are first determined with the country of study, and then they begin to master the language. By the way, in many countries, for example in Holland, Germany, China or Singapore, training is conducted both in the state language and in English. In any case, a good command of the language is essential and gives additional benefits upon admission, so it is worth paying more attention to language practice.

An important role is also played by your attitude to the mentality of the country where you will study. As in the case of the language, for some students it is the love of the local culture that becomes the decisive criterion when choosing a place of study. Countries such as Great Britain, France and Italy enjoy immense popularity among students due to centuries of rich culture. But it should be borne in mind that this concept includes not only history and art, but also traditions, cuisine, religion, manner of dress, peculiarities of mentality and much more. Therefore, for successful cultural adaptation, it is necessary not only to know the language and past of the country, but also to have a good idea of ​​it. modern style life, assess how well you can fit into it.

Studying abroad is somewhat of a challenge.

Especially for very young people who have left home for the first time. This is a serious test of strength and readiness for adulthood, but at the same time, one of the best, unforgettable periods for any student. If you want to broaden your horizons, get a new source of inspiration and learn about the world, then the best way to do this is to go to study in another country.

The education system is a kind of hierarchical structure of educational institutions that allows a person to master knowledge, skills and abilities in the learning process.

The education system is individual for each country. In this article we will try to provide information about the main systems that exist in the modern world. We hope that this information will be useful and will help you to choose a high-quality study program abroad.

• Education system in Australia

Australia's education system is built on the British model. Educational institutions in this country offer courses that can satisfy any request. Australia's education system has a good reputation throughout the world as a result of careful control over all educational institutions in the country. Foreign nationals now have the opportunity to study at all levels of the Australian education system other than pre-school education.

Australians have been in school for 12 years. Australia is dominated by public schools. 70% of students study in public schools, the rest in private schools. School graduates receive a state certificate called Year 12. To enter the most prestigious universities, a child not only needs to know English, but also to pass entrance exams. Australians study at TAFE public colleges. Higher education can be obtained at the university. The learning process is divided into 2 parts, a bachelor's program and a master's program.

• UK education system

The British education system has the right to be called the most traditional and the highest quality. Established many centuries ago, the education system in Britain has not changed today. All British children are required by law to study between the ages of 5 and 16. Education at school begins with a pre-preparatory school, after a year, two students move to primary school, where education lasts until the age of 11-13. After that, the secondary school stage begins, which ends with the passing of exams for the GCSE secondary education certificate. This completes the compulsory secondary education and then you can go to work or go to college. In order to enter the university, students need to pass A-level exams. The IB program is becoming more and more popular in British schools. The education system in England ends with higher education, which, like most countries, will be divided into a bachelor's program (3-4 years) and a master's program (1-2 years).

• Education system in Ireland

Education in Irlanlia at all levels is one of the highest quality in the world. School education in Ireland, like in other countries, consists of three stages: primary, secondary and high school. At the last stage, 6-8 selected subjects are studied in depth, in which, as a result, exams for a certificate of maturity are passed. This certificate is similar to the British A-level or IB. Higher education consists of 2 levels; Bachelor's degree, Master's degree. After graduating from the master's program, students can earn an academic degree.

The education system in Europe depends on the country

• Education system in Poland

Secondary education in Poland lasts 12 years, the first 8 grades are the basic level, and the four senior grades are the lyceum. There are two types of lyceums - general education and technical.

The higher education system, as in many countries, consists of universities and vocational colleges. The program of colleges and academies is designed for 3-4 years, upon completion, a licentiate, engineer or bachelor's diploma is issued, depending on the educational institution and specialty. A complete university education leads to a master's degree. A doctorate degree is awarded after passing certain examinations and defending a thesis.

• Education system in the Czech Republic

The educational system of the Czech Republic is similar to that of other European countries. Czechs begin their education at the age of 6-7 and go to basic school until the age of 10. When the children are 11 years old, they go to gisnaz. The program of the gymnasium includes compulsory disciplines and elective subjects. General education lasts up to 16 years. After that, schoolchildren go either to special colleges or remain in the gypsy school to get a diploma and go to university.

After leaving school, most of the students go to universities.

• Education system in Japan

School education in Japan lasts as long as 12 years, more than half of which goes to primary school due to the prohibitive difficulty of learning the native language. At least each student must master 1850 hieroglyphs (these requirements were established by the Japanese Ministry of Education). Throughout their education, children learn not only their language, they have to spend a lot of time studying the history of their native country.

After graduating from high school, students enter a higher educational institution. For foreign students, training in English is provided at universities in Japan. The Japanese education system is adapted for international students. Educational institutions in this country offer not only programs for studying the Japanese language, but also programs for obtaining bachelor's and master's degrees.

• China's education system

The educational system in educational institutions of the People's Republic of China includes: - preschool education, primary school, junior high school, complete high school, university, postgraduate study.

The education system in China starts with preschool education... Kindergartens accept children from the age of 3 years. Primary education in China starts at age 6 and is 6 years old. The main subjects of study are: Chinese language, mathematics, science, foreign language, moral education, music, etc. Sports education is considered an important part of primary education.

Secondary education in China has three stages. The first stage is free, students have the opportunity to study the following subjects: mathematics, Chinese, a foreign language, physics, chemistry, moral education, computer science, etc. The second stage is three years of study. The third stage, the final one, is 2 years of study. At the last stage, students study in professional and specialized schools.

Students from Ukraine have the opportunity to receive an international secondary education diploma, which is taught in English. The Chinese language is studied as an elective. There are three types of higher education in China: courses with special curricula (duration of study 2-3 years), bachelor's degree (4-5 years), master's degree (additional 2-3 years). Recently, China has been actively developing international cooperation in the field of education. Chinese universities are actively accepting international students and adapting teaching.

• Education system in the USA

Historically, America has no single national education system. Each of the 50 US states has its own department of education, which sets educational standards for the state. The education system is highly decentralized. In accordance with the 10th Amendment to the Constitution ("the rights not delegated by the Constitution to the United States government and not prohibited by it for the states remain with the states themselves"), the federal government does not have the right to establish a nationwide education system, determine policies and curricula for schools and These decisions are made at the state or district level.

And yet, educational programs in the 50 states are very similar. Americans attribute this to common factors such as the social and economic needs of a country, the frequent movement of students and teachers from one part of the country to another, and the role of nationwide agencies.

The American education system is organized around three basic levels: primary (including preschool and primary school), secondary and higher. It is mandatory starting at age 7 in 29 states, at age 6 in 18 states, and at age 5 in 3 states.

In total, there are about two and a half thousand colleges with a four-year course of study (bachelors) and universities in the United States. Almost 15 million students study in them. Along with private higher education in the United States, there is a state form in the form of public (public) universities and colleges. Each of the 50 states has at least one public university and several colleges. Even 40 years ago, half of school graduates entered universities.

Four academic degrees are established in the United States: Associate's- this degree is awarded to a graduate of a secondary specialized educational institution or technical school; Bachelor "s- bachelors degree; Master's- master's degree; Doctorate- doctor degree.

In order to get a specialty in a college or university, you need to take a certain number of compulsory subjects and several optional ones. The education system in America is adapted for students from Ukraine. School graduates can directly enroll in the first year of the university by providing an English language exam and a high school diploma. If the level of English is not enough to start studying, students can take a preparatory program at the university or college.

• Education system in Spain

Spain is not only a country of warm sea, ardent flamenco and famous paella. It is also a prestigious European education. Every year, thousands of students from all over the world come to Spain to pursue a prestigious Spanish education. Thousands of students come to Spain every year Higher education in Spain meets high European standards and is very affordable.

In the process of obtaining higher education in Spain, special emphasis is placed on a professional orientation in education. Subjects that are directly related to the future specialty are studied from the 1st year. Public universities in Spain are the oldest academic traditions combined with modern teaching methods, including the most advanced technologies. Huge scientific libraries and high-class laboratories.

• Education system in Switzerland

Switzerland is a small country in the heart of Europe. Despite its small territory, it borders on five European countries: Germany, France, Italy, Austria and the Principality of Liechtenstein. Such a convenient location attracts many tourists here, as well as those who want to get a European education. Foreigners make up about 8% of the country's population.

Secondary education: In addition to the inevitably close communication with native speakers of the main European languages, a healthy climate, opportunities to engage in any kind of sports, Swiss boarding houses can be considered the most comfortable in Europe. Children live here in rooms for one or two people, eat varied and tasty (French, Swiss, Italian cuisine, if necessary - kosher food). This is probably why studying in a Swiss boarding house is 30% more expensive than in the UK.

Switzerland is Europe in miniature. Is it any wonder the variety of school programs and certificates of secondary education offered there: from Swiss Matura to English A-level, from German Аbitur, Italian Maturita and French Baccalaureat to the international program International Baccalaureate, while all programs include the study of 2-3 foreign languages ...

Higher educationSwitzerland: Switzerland has 12 official higher education institutions (10 cantonal universities: in the German-speaking part of the country: in Basel, Bern, Zurich, St. Gallen, Lucerne; in the French-speaking part of the country: in Geneva, Lausanne, Friborg, Neuchatel; in the Italian-speaking part of the country: in Ticino - and 2 federal technological institutes: in Zurich and Lausanne).

• Turkish education system

The education system in Turkey is identical to the education in Ukraine. Primary education in Turkey, like in Ukraine, lasts 8 years, and secondary education 10 years. Thus, our Ukrainian students can get higher education in Turkey, since our graduation certificate meets their requirements in universities.

Today in Turkey, the most prestigious is the scientific lyceum, which trains future doctors, engineers, scientists, researchers. Usually successful students choose this one. There are also a number of other lyceums: translation, polytechnic, lyceum that trains specialists in computer technology and others.

After graduating from school or lyceum, students take an entrance exam to the university in which they want to study. If they get a passing grade, the state pays for their studies.

In Turkey, higher education is two-stage: bachelor's and master's degrees. After graduation, students receive a bachelor's or master's degree.

Today, such specialties as engineering, medicine, pedagogy and lawyers are in great demand in Turkey.

The organization that I help foreign students to enroll in Turkish universities is called OSYM (Orgenci Sceme re Yerlrestime Merkeri). You can find the necessary information on the organization's website (oysm.gov.tr).

• Education system in Austria

Austria is a country of traditional winter tourism. Along with Switzerland, this country is a kind of ski "Mecca" for Europeans. Today tourism is the main source of income for Austria, covering the traditionally negative trade balance.

In Austria, a system of tourist services has long been formed and debugged. Many towns and villages such as Bad Gastein, Millstatt, Ischgl or Mayrhofen have turned into major European resorts, and former villagers are engaged in the hotel business. Ski tourism has changed Austria and the Austrians - today it is their life and hope for the future.

The Austrian education system has a high degree of freedom and offers a wide range of educational programs. Education in Austrian universities was free until 2001, the same year the accreditation of private universities began. The largest universities are Vienna (the oldest university in Austria, founded in 1367), Vienna Economic, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg universities. Since 2009, tuition at public universities in Austria is free. To enter Austrian universities, Ukrainian students must provide a certificate of secondary education Matura, as well as pass a knowledge test German language OSD (level C1 and C2).

• Education system of Canada

In Canada, you can get an excellent education, enjoy a beautiful and peaceful environment, and learn a lot about this fascinating country. Canadian schools are renowned throughout the world for their academic excellence, career preparation, cutting-edge technology and exceptional English or French as a second language programs.

Canada has one of the highest living standards in the world. In addition, this country is famous for its clean ecological cleanliness and safety. The UN has repeatedly ranked Canada in first place in the ranking of countries in the world in terms of quality of life.

Canada has over 350 universities and colleges offering a wide variety of degrees and degrees. Canadian universities are renowned for their academic and research programs, and colleges outperform other colleges in the world in advanced technology and in meeting the latest industry and commerce requirements. A degree, diploma or certificate from you in Canada can help open the door to the best companies the world.

Canadian universities are famous all over the world high quality, both teaching and research work. They range in student numbers from a few hundred to 50,000 and offer a full range of degrees, from bachelor to doctorate in a variety of disciplines.

• Education system in Greece

Education in Greece is public or private and is coordinated by the Ministry of National Education.

The oldest universities in Greece are Athens (founded in 1837) and Thessaloniki (founded in 1925). Athens is also home to the Athens Polytechnic Institute and a number of other higher education institutions, including the Higher School of Economics and Business and the School of Political Science. However, classical universities are still fairly closed to foreigners.

However, for international students wishing to study hospitality and tourism management, Greece provides an excellent opportunity to obtain an international diploma and paid internship in the best cruise companies in the world.

• Education system in New Zealand

Thousands of students choose to study in New Zealand because of its unique nature. New Zealand offers not only high quality educational programs, but also a great environment.

New Zealand is almost the same size as the UK, but only 3.8 million inhabitants live here. Stunning beauty temperate climate and the relaxing atmosphere make this country ideal for students and tourists.

New Zealand offers international students a complete education system, where each student will find "their" program.

The education system in New Zealand was created on the basis of the British. New Zealand has 8 national universities and 20 polytechnic institutes.

New Zealand offers a wide variety of:

• English language courses
• preparatory courses for admission to universities
• university undergraduate programs
• postgraduate programs

Each university has its own timetable, but in general, the academic year starts in late February or early March and lasts until October.

Each year is divided into two semesters with a break in July. Some universities offer "summer courses" from November to February to help you prepare for university or brush up on your language skills before starting the next stage of your studies.

The academic year at polytechnic institutes usually lasts from February to June and from July to November. Some semi-annual courses may start in July.

Language schools offer a wide variety of courses that can last from a few weeks to one year

• The education system in Holland

The Netherlands is a thriving industrialized country, and its education system was not borrowed from any state, but appeared and developed in Holland itself and is associated with all the traditions and customs of the country.

I'm terribly interested ...

The Russian secondary education system will be fundamentally reformed in the coming years. Discussion of this reform has been the most popular topic on the Russian agenda since the end of 2010, only high-profile disasters, revolutions and military actions are more popular. Meanwhile, neither the public, nor officials, nor experts can clearly and clearly tell about what kind of school Russia needs in 10 years.

Classical education or emphasis on high technology? Uniformity for the sake of national cohesion - or a kingdom of blossoming complexity? Free education of a good level - or will parents have to pay for almost everything, except for the notorious "physical education and life safety"? Not only is there no consensus about all this in Russian society, but also there is no clarity: even experts, when speaking to the public, prefer to speak in long, meaningless phrases.

It may be easier to understand the desired direction of reform by taking a quick look at some of the world's most famous school systems. These are the most developed European countries, in the past the metropolis of great colonial empires - as well as the current world leader of the United States and representatives of the two fastest growing educational systems in the world.

In a two-part series, SP provides an overview of the national school traditions of France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, South Korea and Finland.

The secondary education system that has developed in France, like most European systems, consists of three levels - primary (ecole primaire, from 6 to 11 years old) and senior (college, college - from 11 to 15 years old, then lycee, lyceum - from 16 to eighteen). This is a fairly conservative system that has existed since small changes for over 100 years - since the 1890s. State education is compulsory for children from 6 to 16 years old (the lyceum, as an analogue of Russian grades 9-11, mainly prepares students for admission to universities). At the same time, education is free in public schools, but there are also private alternatives.

Private schools - mostly paid for students, but less constrained by the state framework - also provide their graduates with state sample diplomas. There are two types of such schools, based on their relationship with the state: subsidized (sous contrat) and unsubsidized (hors contrat). In the first of them, the government pays salaries to teachers, and schools follow the national program and standard timetable, and in the second, there are no subsidies from the government, but there is an opportunity to teach children according to non-standard programs.

Among government-subsidized schools, there are also two categories: "contrat simple" and "contrat d'association". Contrat simple: The school meets government curriculum and exam requirements by receiving a teacher salary subsidy. Contrat d'association: In addition to the "contrat simple", the school is partially controlled by the state in terms of teaching methods and the selection of teachers, receiving funding for running costs and salaries. To receive funding for such a contract, schools must prove that they have a specific philosophy that is not available in state system... Usually private schools have a religious (Catholic) orientation. Such a system has been in effect in France since 1959 (the so-called Debray laws).

The cost of tuition in private schools depends on many factors, but, in general, is not particularly prohibitive in the European framework. So, education in one of the oldest and most elite schools - Ecole de Roches - in 2008 cost 27 320 euros per academic year.

We also note that 80% of schools in France are state-owned, and the smallest category is non-state-subsidized institutions, there are only about 20% of them in the country (there are less primary schools, about 9%, secondary ones a little more than 30%). There are also more teachers in public schools than in private ones - but in terms of the number of schools, non-governmental institutions benefit.

Almost all religious (Catholic) educational institutions, as well as schools for children with disabilities, etc. are among the non-state schools in France. In other words, in private sector ousted are those schools that bring up obviously non-standard people or do it in non-standard ways.

elementary School in France, it is not much different from the advanced version of the Russian one - small classes, a playful approach to subjects, lack of grades in most schools. But at the age of 11, after graduating from elementary school, young French people go to college, which is considered the first stage of secondary education. In college, classes are counted in reverse order: the student enters the sixth grade, after four years finishes the third. Then comes the final - and, unlike Russia, obligatory for everyone - stage of the lyceum, which takes two years. There are two main types of lyceums - general education (general) and technological (technologique), but within each category there are many profiles, specializations - roughly what they are now trying to teach Russian schoolchildren to.

The second class of the lyceum (that is, the first in chronological order) is general education, here it does not reach specializations yet. The first grade already has many directions - branches of training leading to different types of undergraduate studies (this is the name of the exam for an analogue of our maturity certificate, in fact, the first specialized work or student project). Some lyceums even offer programs such as astronautics or aeronautics as profiles.

Among the differences between French specialization and Russian projects is the special status of the French language as a subject. All without exception pass the state language test after the first grade. The mark for this test is taken into account when passing the exam for the bachelor's degree.

The very same exam for a bachelor's degree is preceded by the last, "diploma" class, aka "terminal". Preparation for the final exam is extremely serious, since its results are taken into account when applying to universities. In general, in three years of high school, the French manage to decide on their future specialty, and to demonstrate their level to those around them, to submit a kind of application for a further career.

Germany

Based on the same Prussian education system as the Russian school, the education system in Germany today is much more diversified and, according to some analysts, less democratic. Critics of the German school system usually point to the fact that the main choice of the future for a child is made even in elementary school - later, if the family's capabilities did not initially allow choosing a good school, it is extremely difficult, almost impossible to break into the ranks of the elite.

So, primary school in Germany teaches children from 6 to 10 years old (or up to 12 years old in Berlin and Brandenburg). In it, children learn to read, count, write, study natural history. Differences among primary schools are mainly in the availability and quality of extracurricular activities. Then comes the turn of high school - from 10 to 19 years old. And this is where specialization and social stratification among schools becomes apparent.

The choice of the type of school, as stated by German laws, is made individually for each student in accordance with the recommendation of the school, the wishes of the parents, the level of school grades, as well as the result of entrance exams. Since the level of development and the availability of recommendations is related to the primary school in which the child studied, the choice of school often depends on the family's capabilities.

The types of secondary schools in Germany are as follows: basic school (Hauptschule) - designed for 5-6 years of study and involves further education in a vocational school; a real school (Realschule) - designed for 6 years of study, and a high score obtained based on the results of training in a real school allows you to enter the senior grade of the gymnasium, and then to the university; finally, the most thorough education is given by the gymnasiums (Gymnasium) - there education lasts 8-9 years.

As a rule, a gymnasium specializes in three main areas: humanitarian (languages, literature, art), social (social sciences) and technical (natural sciences, mathematics, technology). Upon completion of training, a secondary education diploma (Abitur) is issued. The German Abitur is the equivalent of a Russian high school diploma and a British A-level diploma. Gymnasiums are focused on entering the University.

In addition to these three types, there are also general schools (Gesamtschule) - they combine various features of the gymnasium and real schools, allowing you to simultaneously receive humanitarian and technical education.

In addition to public schools, state sample certificates are also issued by private educational institutions. These are, as a rule, religious, elite, closed schools. The range of educational services provided by private traders is wider than the state - for example, only in such schools you can get a German certificate for a foreign student.

Private schools in Germany (public education is expected to be free) charge more expensive tuition fees than French ones - for example, in prestigious German schools, the full cost of an academic year is about 40,000 euros.

Great Britain

British high school is perhaps the most distinctive education system in Western Europe. And at the same time, almost the most prestigious - regardless of the PISA-type tests, British schools magnetically attract students from all over the world, not excluding Russians.

"They teach - many, we - educate gentlemen" - this phrase is attributed to the director of one of the most prestigious British schools. In fact, this is the essence of the carefully built brand of British secondary education.

Education in the UK is compulsory for all citizens between the ages of 5 and 16. There are two sectors of education: public (free education) and private (paid educational institutions, in which a year costs 40-50 thousand US dollars). In addition, there is a big difference between the educational systems of different parts of Britain: one system developed in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the other in Scotland.

One of the most distinctive types of high school in the United Kingdom is the Boarding School, with a tradition dating back to the early Middle Ages. Initially, these schools appeared at monasteries, in particular, Benedictine ones. Although the monastic boarding schools were charitable, for half a millennium British boarding schools have been paid.

Now boarding schools have a reputation for being "aristocratic" - the fact is that once it was schools of this type that raised several generations of British people who conquered half the world. And now some of the boarding houses that have existed for many hundreds of years under one roof and one name can be called clubs for the descendants of the most aristocratic families of the former empire.

In addition to these schools, there are many other types of educational institutions in the kingdom. According to the age of the students, they are divided into schools of the full cycle (All-Through schools), this is an approximate analogue of our educational complexes "from kindergarten to graduation ball"; and for schools for each individual age: preparatory schools - kindergartens, from 2 to 7 years old, in which, in addition to the usual kindergarten classes, they also teach to read and write, junior schools - elementary schools, from 7 to 13 years old, ending with a special exam Common Entrance Examination, without which the path is closed further. In addition, there is an alternative system - Primary School from 4 to 11 years old, with a further transition to the Secondary School stage.

Next, after Junior, there is a senior school, Senior School - teenagers from 13 to 18 years old study in it. Here, children first undergo a two-year training for passing the GCSE exams, followed by another two-year program: A-Level or International Baccalaureate.

In a parallel system, this age "closes" Secondary school, which teaches children from the age of 11. An analogue of the Russian gymnasium, Grammar school is an advanced program for children aged 11 and over. Graduation classes for applicants further to universities in Britain are called Sixth Form, these are 2 senior years of study (16 - 18 years).

In Britain, there is still a strong tradition of separate education for boys and girls. This is especially noticeable in the world of traditional boarding schools, most of which are "separate". However, the schools of the “new formation” are, on the contrary, mostly mixed.

As for the form of ownership, both private and public schools are widely represented in the UK. Free secondary education, of course, is guaranteed by the state, however (similar to Germany) for a successful career you need to finish the "right" school. And such schools are traditionally private (this was the prevailing form of ownership until the twentieth century) and are quite expensive for parents.

Compulsory education in Britain is valid for children under 16. Then (after receiving A-Levels) the system of educational loans begins to operate. Moreover, a university graduate begins to give them away only when he gets a job with an earnings of at least 21 thousand pounds a year. If there is no such work, there is no need to repay the debt.

The length and age of compulsory education for children in the United States varies from state to state. Children start at the age of 5 to 8 and graduate at the age of 14 to 18.

At about the age of 5, American children go to elementary school, kindergarten. This kindergarten is not compulsory in some states - however, almost all American children attend kindergarten. Although translated from German kindergarten literally means "kindergarten", kindergartens exist separately in the United States and are literally called "pre-school" (preschool).

Primary school continues until fifth or sixth grade (depending on the school district), after which the student goes to middle school, which ends in eighth grade. High school is grades nine through twelfth, so Americans, like Russians, usually complete secondary education at age 18.

Those who have completed secondary education can go to community colleges, also called junior colleges, technical colleges or city colleges, which, after two years of study, issue an associate's degree. ) comparable to secondary specialized education. Another opportunity to continue your studies is to go to colleges or universities, where they receive, usually four years, a bachelor's degree. Those who have received a bachelor's degree can study further in order to obtain a master's degree (2-3 years) or PhD (analogous to a Russian candidate of sciences, 3 years or more). Separately accredited faculties and universities issue Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Law degrees, for which special training is also required at the bachelor's level.

Free public schools are run primarily by democratically elected school boards, each of which has jurisdiction over a school district, whose boundaries often coincide with county or city boundaries, and which contain one or more schools at each level. School boards set school curricula, hire teachers, and determine program funding. States regulate education within their borders by setting standards and examining students. State funding of schools is often determined by how much their students have improved on examinations.

The money for schools comes mainly from local (city) property taxes, so the quality of schools is highly dependent on the prices of the houses and how much taxes parents are willing to pay for good schools... This often leads to a vicious circle. Districts where schools have earned a good reputation attract parents who want to give their children a good education. Home prices are soaring, and the combination of money and motivated parents is taking schools to an even higher level. The opposite is happening at the other end of the spectrum, in the poorer areas of the so-called inner cities.

Some large school districts have established magnet schools for particularly talented children in their jurisdiction. Sometimes in one district there are several such schools, divided by specialty: a technical school, a school for children who have shown talent in the arts, etc.

Approximately 85% of children are enrolled in public schools. Most of the rest go to paid private schools, many of which are religious. The most widespread network of Catholic schools, which was started by Irish immigrants in the second half of the 19th century. Other private schools, often very expensive and sometimes with a lot of competition for admission, exist to prepare students for admission to prestigious universities. There are even boarding schools that draw students from all over the country, such as the Phillips Academy in Exeter in New Hampshire. The cost of education in such schools is about US $ 50,000 per year for parents.

Less than 5% of parents, for various reasons, decide to educate their children at home. Some religious conservatives do not want their children to be taught ideas with which they disagree, most often the theory of evolution. Others believe that schools cannot meet the needs of their laggards or, conversely, genius children. Still others want to protect children from drugs and crime, which are a problem in some schools. In many places, homeschooling parents form groups in which they help each other, and sometimes even different parents teach their children different subjects. Many also supplement their lessons with distance learning programs and classes at local colleges. However, critics of homeschooling argue that homeschooling is often substandard and that children raised this way do not acquire normal social skills.

Elementary schools (elementary schools, grade schools, or grammar schools) usually teach children from the age of five to eleven or twelve. One teacher teaches all subjects except Fine Arts, Music and Physical Education, which are taught once or twice a week. Academic subjects usually teach arithmetic (occasionally basic algebra), reading and writing, with an emphasis on spelling and vocabulary improvement. The natural and social sciences are taught little and not in a variety of ways. Social sciences often take the form of local history.

Often in elementary school, instruction consists of art projects, field trips, and other forms of learning through entertainment. This stemmed from a stream of progressive education in the early twentieth century, which taught that students should learn through labor and everyday activities and the study of their consequences.

Secondary schools (middle schools, junior high schools, or intermediate schools) typically teach children between the ages of 11 or 12 to 14 - sixth or seventh to eighth grade. Recently, the sixth grade is increasingly included in secondary school. Typically, in secondary school, as opposed to primary, one teacher teaches one subject. Students are required to take classes in math, English, science, social studies (often including world history), and physical education. Students choose one or two classes themselves, usually in foreign languages, arts and technology.

In high school, the division of students into ordinary and advanced streams also begins. Pupils who do best in a given subject can study in an advanced ("honor") class, where they progress through the material faster and have more homework assignments. Recently, such classes, especially in the humanities, have been abolished in some places: critics believe that isolating high-performing students does not allow poorly performing students to catch up.

High school (high school) - the last stage of secondary education in the United States, lasting from ninth to twelfth grade. In high school, students can choose their grades more freely than before, and only have to meet the minimum criteria for graduation set by the school board. Typical minimum requirements are:

3 years of natural sciences (year of chemistry, year of biology and year of physics);

3 years of mathematics, up to the second year of algebra (mathematics in secondary and high schools, as a rule, is divided into the first year of algebra, geometry, the second year of algebra, introduction to analysis and mathematical analysis, and is passed in that order);

4 years of literature;

2-4 years of social sciences, usually including the history and government of the United States;

1-2 years of physical education.

For admission to many universities, a more complete program is required, including 2-4 years of a foreign language.

Students must choose the rest of the classes themselves. The set of such classes is very different in quantity and quality, depending on the financial situation of the school and the inclinations of the students. A typical set of optional classes is:

Additional sciences (statistics, computer science, environmental science);

Foreign languages ​​(most often Spanish, French and German; less often Japanese, Chinese, Latin and Greek);

Fine arts (painting, sculpture, photography, cinema);

Game art (theater, orchestra, dance);

Computer hardware (computer use, computer graphics, web design);

Publishing (journalism, yearbook editing);

Labor (wood processing, car repair).

In some cases, the student may not be in any of the classrooms at all.

In high school, especially in the last two years, a new type of advanced class is emerging. Students can take classes to prepare them for the Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate exams. Most universities count a good mark on these exams as an entry-level course in the relevant subject.

Grades, both at school and in universities, are issued according to the A / B / C / D / F system, where A is the best grade, F is unsatisfactory, and D can be considered satisfactory or unsatisfactory depending on the circumstances. All marks, except F, can be appended with "+" or "-". Some schools do not have A + and D− grades. From these marks, the average (grade point average, abbreviated GPA) is calculated, in which A is counted as 4, B - as 3, and so on. Grades for advanced grades in school are often raised by a point, meaning A counts as 5, and so on.

South Korea

Primary school is attended by children aged 8 to 14 years.The list of subjects studied in primary school includes (but does not exhaust it):

Korean

Mathematics

Exact sciences

Social Sciences

art

Usually all of these subjects are taught by one class teacher, although some specialized disciplines may be taught by other teachers (for example, physical education or foreign languages).

Progress through the levels of the educational system from primary to high school is not determined by the results of various examinations, but solely by the age of the student.

Until the late 1980s, English was usually first taught in high school, but now it is being taught in the third grade of primary school. The Korean language is strikingly different from English in terms of grammar, so learning English is difficult, but with relatively little success, which is often a topic of thought for parents. Many of them end up sending their children to additional education in private educational institutions called hagwon. More and more schools in the country are beginning to attract foreigners for whom English is their native language.

In addition to public elementary schools, there are a number of private schools in Korea. The curriculum of such schools more or less corresponds to the state, however, it is embodied at a higher level: it is proposed more teachers for fewer students, additional subjects are introduced and higher educational standards are set in general. Hence, the natural desire of many parents to place their children in such schools is understandable, which, however, is stopped by the relatively high cost of education in them: $ 130 per month of classes. This cannot be compared with the prestigious countries of Europe and the United States, but in relation to the income of Koreans, this is very decent money.

Primary schools are called "chodeun hakkyo" in Korean, which means "elementary school". The South Korean government changed this name in 1996, from the former "gukmin hakkyo", which translates to "civic school." It was primarily a gesture of restoring national pride.

Korean school education is divided into secondary and higher education (education in secondary and high schools, respectively).

The high school entrance exams were abolished in 1968. In the late 1980s, students still had to take entrance exams (however, without competing with other candidates), and the result of admission was determined either randomly or by place of residence relative to a particular educational institution. Schools, whose rank was previously determined by the level of students, were equalized in receiving state support and the number of poor students distributed. However, this reform did not completely level the schools. In Seoul, students who did well in the entrance exams were admitted to more prestigious schools without being tied to a district, while everyone else entered the school in their "own" district. The reforms were applied equally to public and private schools, admission to which was strictly controlled by the Ministry of Education.

Unlike the United States, where the class number usually rises gradually from 1 to 12, in South Korea the class number starts at one each time it enters elementary, middle and high school. To distinguish between them, the class number is usually indicated along with the educational level. For example, the first grade of high school will be referred to as "First grade of high school", "chunghakkyo il hacknyeon."

secondary school

In Korean, high school is called "chunhakyo", which literally means "high school".

The Korean high school has 3 grades. Most students enter it at the age of 12 and graduate, respectively, by the age of 15 (by Western standards). These three years correspond to approximately 7-9 grades of the North American educational systems and 2 and 4 grades (form) of the British educational systems.

Compared to primary, South Korean secondary schools place much higher demands on their students. Dress code and hairstyle are almost always strictly regulated, as are many other aspects of a student's life. As in elementary school, students spend most of the day in the same classroom with their classmates; however, each subject is taught by its own teacher. Teachers move from class to class, and only some of them, excluding those who teach "special" subjects, have their own audiences, where the students go themselves. Class teachers play a very important role in the life of students and have a significantly greater authority than their American counterparts.

High school students have six lessons a day, usually preceded by a special block of time in the early morning, and a seventh lesson that is specific to each specialization.

Unlike the university, the curriculum does not vary much from one high school to the next. The core of the curriculum is formed by:

Mathematics

Korean and English

Also a number of exact sciences.

"Additional" items include:

Various arts

Physical education

History

Hanchcha (Chinese character)

Doing home economics

Computer lessons.

Exactly what subjects and in what quantity are studied by students varies from year to year.

The duration of the training sessions is 45 minutes. Immediately before the start of the first lesson, students have about 30 minutes at their disposal, which can be used at will for self-study, watching programs broadcast by a special educational channel (Educational Broadcast System, EBS) or for doing personal or class affairs. In 2008, schoolchildren attended full-time classes from Monday to Friday, and half-day every first, third, and fifth Saturday of the month. On Saturday, students are engaged in additional activities in any circles.

In the late 1960s, the government ended the practice of high school entrance examinations, replacing them with a system in which students from the same district were enrolled in high schools on a random basis. This was done in order to average the level of pupils in all schools, however, to some extent the difference between rich and poor areas persisted. Until recently, most schools were open to one gender only, but recently new secondary schools are accepting children of both genders, and the old schools are also becoming mixed.

As in elementary school, students move from class to class regardless of their performance, as a result of which the same subject in the same class can be studied by students with completely different levels of training. Grades begin to play a very important role in the last year of high school, as they affect the student's chances of admission to a particular university, for those who primarily want to pursue a scientific rather than a professional technical career. In other cases, grades are needed simply to please parents or teachers (or to avoid their righteous anger). There are several standard exam forms for certain subjects, and teachers of "scientific" subjects are required to follow the recommended teaching aids however, secondary school teachers generally have more authority over course curriculum and teaching methods than university teachers.

Many high school students also take additional courses ("hagwon") after class, or study with private tutors. Special attention given to English and mathematics. Some of the "Hagwons" specialize in only one subject, while others - in all key subjects, which can turn into a second round of school classes with often even more workload on the student immediately after the first (official) one. And, in addition, the most persistent also attend martial arts circles or music schools.

They usually return home late in the evening.

A special attitude in Korean schools is to technical support. By 2011, according to the declarations of the Korean government, the country's schools have completely switched from paper textbooks to electronic ones.

Finland

In Finland, every child has the right to preliminary primary education, which generally begins one year before the start of compulsory education, that is, the year the child has his sixth birthday. Pre-primary education can be obtained in school or kindergarten, family kindergarten or other suitable location. This is decided by the municipality.

A child begins compulsory education in the year he turns seven and lasts until 16-17. The state guarantees free basic education. This includes tuition, textbooks, notebooks, basic stationery, and school meals are also free.

In grade 3, the study of English begins, in grade 4, the child chooses an optional foreign language (French, German or Russian). In the 7th grade, the study of compulsory Swedish begins.

Second stage

Oulun Suomalaisen Yhteiskoulun lukio

After receiving basic education, students have a choice:

Receive a professional education, after which you start working in your specialty. Training takes place in vocational schools (Fin. Ammatillinen oppilaitos): in particular a vocational school (Fin. Ammattiopisto), you can also choose training in production under a contract (Fin. Oppisopimuskoulutus).

Continue your studies at the lyceum, where there is a serious preparation for entering a higher school. Students who go to the lyceum must show a sufficiently high degree of preparedness (the average score of the grades received in the main school will be this definition). In Finland, lyceum graduates are applicants - they apply to a higher school, while still high school students.

It is interesting that, as in Russia, in Finland there is a "hidden fee" for some types of secondary education. So, if textbooks are provided free of charge in a general school, then you need to buy them in a gymnasium - this is about 500 euros per year, and you need to pay the entire amount right away. As for private schools, you will have to spend 30-40 thousand euros a year on education there.

Which system is the most suitable as a benchmark for Russian secondary education? Irina Abankina, director of the Institute for Education Development at the Higher School of Economics (HSE), spoke about this briefly for SP:

This is a very difficult question. In short - perhaps no system suits us completely. On the one hand, the historical roots of our education system go back to Germany, it is common knowledge. At the same time, an active secondary school reform is underway in Germany itself. In the UK, their traditional model is now also changing - Michael Barber is doing this. Despite the fact that these are excellent and prestigious systems, there are still many questions there.

On the other hand, according to the results of international tests - the same PISA - ahead for last years countries broke out South-East Asia... Miracles have shown Shanghai, the vanguard of Chinese education, has impressed Taiwan; earlier South Korea and Japan rushed forward no less actively.

This means that the eastern model of education is also worth asking about. And this Eastern model, frankly, is not as pleasant for the observer as the European or American one. These are full classes - up to 40 people! It is a tough discipline reminiscent of the golden years of the Soviet school. But this is also a factor that was absent in our old school - universal tutoring, that is, tutoring. It is very difficult to prepare a student well there without individual - paid - lessons. According to Professor Mark Breir, who works at Shahnai University, the size of the tutoring market in Shanghai reaches 2.5% of GDP. In the budgets of most families, spending on additional educational services is a significant item.

As for Russia, I repeat that none of the existing systems in the world suits us without adaptation. Building new school for the country, it will be necessary to combine solutions from all over the world. ""

Http://www.svpressa.ru/society/article/40314/

There are no two identical educational systems in the world. Each country may differ in the age and duration of the beginning of education, the set of subjects and exams, and other characteristics. It is better to start choosing a specific educational institution for your child, first of all, with the existing features of education in the country. This will help you make a balanced and deliberate choice.

UK educational system

Age at the start of training: 5 years

Stages of training: Preparatory School (4-11 years old), Secondary School (11-14 years old), GCSE (14-16 years old), A-Levels (16-18 years old)

The educational system of Great Britain is a tradition that has evolved over centuries and a quality standard that is recognized throughout the world. British children spend 12 years in school. This is related to the difficulties with admission to a university for Russian graduates - they need an additional year of study - Foundation.

At the age of 15-16, students take the GCSE (General Course of Secondary Education) exams. This completes their compulsory education. Those preparing for college take an additional two years in the A-Levels program. 3-4 subjects are chosen for study, to which they devote all the time. This level of in-depth preparation actually corresponds to the first year of college.

There are especially many private schools in Great Britain. Usually these are institutions with a name and history, as well as a very high cost of education. Foreigners are welcomed to British schools - a real international educational environment is created here.

Almost a hundred British universities are included in world rankings - and not just included, but confidently occupies positions within the first two hundred. The most prestigious universities in the country are united in the Russel Group. Higher education in the UK is paid and it is not a cheap pleasure. However, the investment quickly pays off as diplomas are recognized all over the world.

US educational system

Age at the start of training: 5 years in 3 states, 6 years in 18 states, 7 years in 29 states

Stages of training: Junior School (6-11 years old), Middle School (11-15 years old), High School (15-17 years old)

Higher education: paid

There is no unity in the states of the United States on educational issues, because each of them has its own educational standard. Thus, it is possible to study at school, for example, in California and North Carolina, in completely different ways. Not only the age of the beginning of training differs, but even the dates of semesters and the set of subjects.

In the United States, there is no general timetable for schoolchildren. In order to get a diploma, you need to get a certain number of credits (points) in each direction. The courses, for which he will receive these credits, the student chooses himself. There are also no classes in our usual understanding - each of the students has his own set of disciplines. There are many private stakes in the United States, and it is believed that they can get a better education than public stakes. There are many schools where only daytime education is provided - in this case, foreign students live with a host family.

The association of prestigious universities in this country is called the Ivy League. The country's educational institutions occupy the top lines of many international educational rankings. For example, most of the best business schools in the world are located in this particular country; here they came up with an MBA program, which today does not need a special introduction in any country in the world.

The universities also have a credit system, that is, independent choice a student of disciplines for study in addition to the compulsory ones. Foreigners, including Russians, can enter educational institutions immediately after leaving school. For those who need to improve their level of English, as well as certain specialized subjects, there are preparatory programs.

French educational system

Age at the start of training: 6 years

Stages of training: Primary school: 6-11 years old, College (11-15 years old), Lyceum (16-18 years old)

Higher education: free at public universities

Young French people start their studies at the age of 6, while most of them go to study at public schools - the share of private educational institutions does not exceed 17%. At the age of 15, they take the National du Brevet diploma exam. Only students who have successfully passed it pass to the lyceum, and the rest receive a certificate of graduation from high school and can get a job.

Education at universities in France is free, with the exception of registration fees. They are paid equally by both local and foreign students, but the amounts usually do not exceed a few hundred euros. Students from other countries also receive social benefits equal to local ones, for example. Compensation for travel expenses and rental housing.

In addition to universities in France, there is also a system of Higher Schools, which often provide an even more prestigious education. It is not difficult for a foreigner to enter a university in France, but the procedure for entering a higher school will be much more complicated.

Private universities in France offer many programs with training in English, but education in them will be completely paid, and therefore much more expensive than in a state university in French.

German educational system

Age at the start of training: 6 years

Stages of training: Grundschule (6 to 10-12 years old), High School (11-18 years old)

Higher education: depends on the region

In Germany, education is controlled by the state, but most states bring their own characteristics into this process. Secondary schools in Germany are divided into 4 types: Gymnasium - the most prestigious, Realschule - secondary education in every sense, slightly above the required standard, Hauptschule - the base necessary for those who do not plan to continue their studies. Depending on the choice of school, the duration of study can be from 9 to 13 years. There is also a Gesamtschule where you can study in any of the three above programs.

Education in German universities is no longer universally free for foreigners. Now each region is pursuing a separate policy in this area, but the total number free software is constantly decreasing. The most prestigious for study in Germany are technical specialties - German universities in this area are included in the first hundred of many international rankings.

Educational system of Canada

Age at the start of training: 6-7 years old

Stages of training: Primary school (6-11 years old), High school (11-15 years old), High school (15-17 years old)

Higher education: paid

The Canadian education system, in general, corresponds to the structure of this process in the United States. A child can go to school at the age of 6 or 7, and the duration of education is 12 years. To assess the performance of students in Canadian schools, not points are used, but percentages. An indicator of 50% in all subjects is a prerequisite for the transition to the next year.

The official language of instruction in Canada can be English or French. Each province determines not only the language, but also the basic content of the learning process.