Column formwork step-by-step installation instructions. Forms for pouring columns: self-production and installation Do-it-yourself pouring columns

IN housing construction concrete columns are used as supports concrete floors upper tiers. At correct filling they are capable long time withstand heavy loads. Do-it-yourself concrete pouring technology does not involve the use of sophisticated equipment. It is important to follow the basic rules for the installation of formwork, reinforcement and pouring. This will be discussed further.

Formwork is distinguished by three characteristics:

according to the design features: there are removable and non-removable, the latter remain part of the column;
in shape: they can be square, rectangular, round, oval, multifaceted;
according to the material of manufacture.

ABOUT last feature should be told in more detail.

Plastic formwork is assembled from individual elements

Formwork made of metal can be angular, panel and beam-transom. Differs in reliability and allows to increase productivity of work. The disadvantage is that it is heavy, and therefore it will be difficult to fill the columns with your own hands.
Plastic formwork weighs little, it is easy to clean it from concrete. Requires careful handling (plastic is a fragile material).
Wooden: the most convenient for those who cast concrete columns with their own hands. Assembled from plywood OSB boards, boards, beams. For its construction, tools and devices for working with wood will be required. The technology does not allow casting round and oval columns.
Cardboard: the cheapest formwork, comparable in performance to plastic. Can only be used once.

Cardboard formwork is dismantled after the concrete has set.

Important: making concrete columns with your own hands using metal formwork almost impossible, as it requires the use of lifting equipment.

Calculation of the pour volume of the column

To pour the column, it is important to know exactly how much concrete is needed. Filling must be done in one step, otherwise the strength of the structure will be reduced. Ordering extra concrete is a waste of money. The calculation of the amount of concrete mix consists of the following steps.

We calculate the volume of the column (circular section) according to the formula V=πr 2 h, where:
Determine the diameter and height of the column using a tape measure.

π=3.14 (constant), r – column radius, h – column height. To calculate a rectangular and square column in section, we use the formula V = abc, where a is the height, b is the depth and c is the width. In the case of polygonal, oval and other structures of complex shape, the height is multiplied by the area cross section. It is important that all parameters are indicated in SI units of the same dimension (in meters).

We add 10% to the result, taking into account possible losses of the concrete mixture at each stage of work. In the case of the construction of a reinforced concrete column, there is no need to compensate for losses, due to the small volume of reinforcing elements.

Beam-transom formwork installation technology

Beam-transom formwork is an ideal form for do-it-yourself concrete columns. It provides a high-quality surface and can be used to erect columns with a section of any configuration. Formwork installation is carried out in stages.

Beam-transom column formwork

The flooring is made of beams and board material(plywood or OSB). Flooring is required for assembly work.
Maintaining a distance appropriate specifications, crossbars are placed on the flooring.
Formwork beams made of wooden beams are installed across the crossbars. Fastening is carried out with clamps (clamps).
Laid on top of the beams sheet material and fasten it with screws.
The rigidity of the structure is provided with the help of bars that are attached to wooden beams(to the bottom ends).
Holes are drilled along the edges of the sheets for the coupling screws.
The shields are connected to each other with coupling screws.

Note: in order to make a formwork for a round column, a special hinged insert is installed between the panels. Formwork for columns of high height is assembled from formwork connected by overlays.

How to make cardboard formwork

Do-it-yourself formwork for concrete columns is made of thick cardboard and chain-link. The amount of mesh (in square meters) is determined by the formula S=2 πrh. Further actions consist of the following steps.

Taking into account the dimensions of the column, the frame is folded from the chain-link mesh. Cardboard is laid inside the frame and the contour of the column is formed.
Supports are installed that fix the shape of the structure.
Pouring concrete mix.
The chain-link is dismantled after the concrete has hardened (after 28 days) and the cardboard is removed.

Formwork from boards and beams

A do-it-yourself concrete column in the field of cottage construction is most often constructed using formwork made of plywood, beams and boards. The peculiarity of the material allows you to create columns of square, rectangular, less often - polygonal sections. In this case, the following rules must be observed.

Boards of wooden formwork supported by slopes

The thickness of the boards used should not be less than 20 mm. Minimum Thickness OSB boards and plywood - 16 mm.
Knowing the dimensions of the column, shields are assembled, which are then connected into a single structure. Shields are reinforced with diagonal bars.
Shield connections are made with self-tapping screws.
The inner walls of the wooden formwork are covered with waterproofing (roofing material, polyethylene).
The formwork is dismantled after the concrete has completely hardened.

Stages of installation of formwork from wooden panels

Column reinforcement: basic principles

A concrete column can be strong enough if properly reinforced. For this, reinforcement with a diameter of at least 10 mm is used. Reinforcement pins are installed along the perimeter of the formwork (in the middle of it) at a distance of at least 10 mm from the walls. Every 0.5 m, horizontal elements are laid and fastened. Fastening is carried out by welding and knitting wire.

Formwork reinforcement with vertical and horizontal elements

At the end of the article - do-it-yourself installation of concrete columns (a video that clearly demonstrates the main stages of work).

Columns are load-bearing engineering structures that provide the structure with vertical strength and rigidity. Depending on the generated level bearing capacity and the method of manufacture, today several types of columns are being built: metal, prefabricated and monolithic. As one of the main methods of erecting a column structure, pouring concrete columns is considered the most common.

The erection of columns helps to reduce construction time.

Therefore, the most popular, cost-effective and frequently used in self construction are monolithic columns. Virtues metal racks and monolithic columns are considered to be very fast erection, which reduces construction time.

Process features

Metal columns are installed using special equipment.

At the extreme corners of the house (in places of least load), the columns can be made of steel square pipes with a total cross section of 150 mm, which are connected to the base and ceiling surface with anchors.

The only disadvantage of using this type of columns is that there are enough of them. complex installation(using a crane). This is not always advisable when self installation and concrete columns.

Small brick walls can also act as columns. On the verandas and the porch, you can use columns made of rounded logs or wooden beam. They are fixed on a concrete base by installing them in steel cups pre-fixed with anchors, followed by concreting.

The most important column structures in the house are the columns placed in the central part of the building.

Concrete laying in columns: a- up to 5 m; over 5 m high; c - with thick reinforcement; d- formwork scheme with removable shield; 1 - formwork; 2- collar; 3- tub; 4- vibrator with flexible shaft; 5 - receiving funnel; 6-link trunk; 7- hinged vibrator; 8, 9 - pockets; 10 - removable shield.

In most cases, columns of a certain (calculated) section with a metal reinforced frame are made here, which are cast from concrete using inventory formwork.

Pouring concrete columns is a responsible event that requires certain knowledge and skills of the performer of the work. Ideally, pouring the columns with concrete should be done in one step to avoid the appearance of intermediate cold joints.

At the same time, it is important to ensure that cold seam columns had a strictly horizontal position. Otherwise, the column will be subject to destruction.

List of tools

To carry out the effective pouring of columns with concrete, you will need the following set of tools and construction equipment:

A concrete pump is necessary for the construction of columns.

corner with a right angle;
wooden spacers with stakes;
level (you can use water);
screws (if possible using a screwdriver) and nails;
hammer (sledgehammer);
metal wire;
reinforced rods (or mesh);
boards with a maximum width (for creating formwork panels);
external or internal vibrators (or concrete pump), which, if necessary, can be replaced with a metal rod;
roulette;
concrete mixer (or any equipment for mixing concrete mortar);
anchor bolts;
various types of clamps;
metal rod.

Construction stages

Pouring columns with concrete implies the following construction steps

Formwork for columns: shield, anchor, brace.

Reinforcement works

When arranging columns, the installation of vertical reinforcement with an average diameter of 12 mm or more is usually used, consisting of 4 main bayonets (rods) placed in the shape of a square (at its main corners). For the convenience of installing the reinforcement of columns with a height of more than 3 m, it is necessary to equip scaffolds with decking more than 1 m wide with fencing with a height of 0.8 m every 2 m in height. The frame bases of the columns can be assembled in different ways.

With small dimensions, volumes and weight, the column frame can be installed in the future formwork box, which is done manually by tilting the finished frame structure. If the diameter of the reinforcement is not more than 16-20 mm and it is heavy enough, then it would be more expedient to pre-assemble the base of the frame, and then knit it in place, installing individual rods. When placing the finished frame of the columns and its further unfastening, all kinds of supports and boards are used.

During the ligament (or welding) work on the installation of vertical frames of columns, it is advisable not to stand on their rods. Between themselves, the reinforcing bars are fastened with special clamps (metal wire) at a certain distance from each other, which is usually 40 cm.

Formwork installation

In normal cases, a formwork box is assembled with the required internal dimensions (for example, 25x25 cm). Attach very carefully. The formwork is mounted on 4 sides of the prepared reinforced column.

Wooden spacers with stakes are installed on all sides of the column. For high column dimensions, the formwork is mounted on 3 sides, and the remaining side is built up during the concreting process. The formwork structure box (from boards, plywood, etc.) must be leveled and fixed with screws to hold the concrete solution inside. With the help of a corner, the correspondence of right angles is checked.

concreting

Has its own nuances. When casting columns, one of the main parameters is considered. For standard monolithic columns, concrete with mobility P2-P3 is used, and when pouring columns of heavily reinforced structures, it is desirable to use concrete with a mobility value of P4 or higher. This type of concrete mixture is also called cast concrete. This type concrete tolerates the process of laying in the formwork quite well, even without the involvement of various vibrators and concrete pumps. When conducting

Concrete columns are bearing structures providing vertical rigidity to buildings. By type, the column is monolithic and metal, the choice of which depends on the required bearing capacity. The purpose of the columns is to serve as a support for the upper floors, balconies, terraces and other building elements. concrete columns it is possible to make it yourself, it can be ordinary elements from square pipe or more original beautiful designs that can add zest appearance buildings.

The column is intended for decorative design buildings, and also performs the function of a bearing element of structures. They are mounted on balconies, terraces, verandas, porches, as supports to support ceilings, for interiors and personal plot. Due to the heavy load on the supports, they are made, adhering as much as possible to compliance with existing norms and rules.

Kinds

The following types are inherent in concrete columns:

square;
round;
rectangular.

When working with a concrete column various kinds distinguish the following types of production technology:

Prefabricated supports are factory-made structures that are transported to the place of work, where they are installed. Prefabricated columns have the following advantages: relatively low price, speed of installation, speed of drying of the solution.
Monolithic. Pouring into molds is carried out at the construction site. When working with monolithic columns, the following advantages are distinguished: the ability to monitor the quality of laying the concrete solution, the absence of mixture leakage. Of the shortcomings, they observe: a long time for manufacturing, waiting for the mixture to solidify in the form.

Installation Features

You must remember to follow the installation rules.

Square supports are installed along the edges of the corners of buildings and structures, fastened with anchors to the ceiling and the base of the structure. However, it is worth paying attention that do-it-yourself installation of a square pipe is a laborious and complex process, therefore experienced builders it is not recommended to engage in the installation of this type of columns with your own hands. Support structures can be in the form brick wall small area. Supports made of wood or logs are installed on the porches or veranda.

During installation support element in concrete base, first, steel glasses are fixed with anchors, and then the support is installed and concreted. Of great importance in the construction of houses are supporting structures located in the center of the structure. In this case, column supports with a design section of metal reinforcement are used and followed by pouring with concrete mortar and installing formwork.

Do-it-yourself concreting of column elements is an important event that should be carried out with responsibility and having a certain amount of knowledge and skills in the production of work. Concreting into molds is carried out continuously, keeping the horizontal position, which will help to avoid the formation of intermediate cold joints and protect the structure from destruction.

Construction stages

The construction of concrete supports consists of the following stages:

prepare before starting work the right tools and materials;
clean the surface of construction debris;
proceed to the installation of formwork;
carry out work on reinforcement;
then the concrete solution should be poured and after it has dried, the formwork should be dismantled.

The concrete mixture must have a plastic consistency and, after hardening, be strong. The strength of the structure is affected by the components of the concrete solution and specifications reinforcement, which should have the following properties:

strength;
ease of welding;
low possibility of formation of corrosion on the product;
good adhesion.

Preparation of tools and materials

For high-quality pouring of the supporting structure with concrete mortar, you will need the following tools, equipment and materials:

concrete pump;
rectangular corner;
hammer;
building level;
metal wire;
wooden spacers;
reinforced mesh;
screwdriver;
nails and screws;
wide boards;
vibrators;
device for mixing concrete mass;
roulette;
steel bar;
anchor;
water;
cement;
sand;
lime.

Formwork installation

They fix the formwork, observing the strength and reliability of the structure. The mold is installed on four sides of the support using wooden spacers. If the column is high, the formwork is fixed on three sides, and the fourth side is built up when pouring concrete. When mounting the form, observe the evenness of the structure, which is checked building level. The leveled formwork is fixed with screws, with the help of which the concrete mixture is held inside the product. Next, check the correspondence of the corners with a rectangular corner.

Reinforcement

When installing a column, vertical reinforcement is used, the diameter of which is about 1.2 centimeters or more. The vertical reinforcement consists of four rods, which are located at the corners of the square shape. To facilitate the installation of reinforcement, the height of which is more than three meters, floorings are equipped with a step of two meters.

The support frame is assembled various methods. Having small size, weight and volume of the supporting structure, the frame is mounted in the future shape of the formwork, doing the work with your own hands by tilting the finished frame. With a large weight of the reinforcement, its base is pre-assembled and the rods are tied already at the place of work, where individual rods are installed. By placing finished structure, use a variety of boards and supports. The reinforcement rods are fastened to each other with a metal wire, keeping a distance of about forty centimeters.

concreting

Starting to lay the concrete mixture, pay attention to the features of concrete. This composition has mobility, which plays an important role in concreting columns. Movable concrete is easy to place and does not require tamping with vibrators and the involvement of concrete pumps during operation. Concreting takes place in even layers in a horizontal position. When laying the mixture, it is periodically rammed with metal rods.

If necessary, seal the solution. can not do without a deep vibrator. Air bubbles are removed from the concrete by tapping with a hammer on the exposed formwork. When concreting columns, the reinforcement cage is periodically aligned in the center. For laying the mortar, cement is chosen, which is part of the M400 concrete, which will require one part, and two parts of sand and two parts of gravel and crushed stone are taken to prepare the mixture. Dry ingredients are poured with water in the volume required until a homogeneous thick consistency is obtained. At the end of the process of laying the prepared concrete mixture, they begin to install the reinforcement, which is fixed with anchors.

The laid concrete is left to dry in a place with optimal temperature and humidity conditions. The surface of the concrete is periodically irrigated with water and, if necessary, covered plastic wrap to avoid exposure to a mixture of precipitation and direct sunlight.

Formwork dismantling

After the concrete mortar hardens and gains its maximum strength characteristics, they begin to dismantle the formwork. Formwork removal is entrusted to qualified workers. Dismantling begins with the removal of the side parts of the formwork, which do not bear the load on the structure. It is important to dismantle the formwork after making sure of the strength of the concrete that is being installed. building codes and rules. Determine the strength of the concrete solution in the laboratory, conducting trial tests of samples of the material. Stripping is carried out according to a strict sequence, ensuring the safety of structural elements.

Output

For successful manufacturing concrete columns, it is important to take into account the following points: the type of soil, the height of the construction object, the climatic features of the area and the purpose of the construction object.

Observing the technological sequence of installation and the correct preparation of the concrete solution, you will get a strong and reliable foundation with a long service life.

In the architecture of facades and interiors, columns are increasingly used. It's not only beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical utilitarian fragment of the design.

It allows you to support floors or beams, while not taking up much usable floor space.

You can buy a ready-made column, but it is more convenient and cheaper to make it yourself. The easiest way is to lay out a brick, but a monolith is much stronger and more reliable, and for its manufacture it will be necessary to make a formwork.

According to the method of use, they are fixed, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

Metal. Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easy and quick to assemble, provide the correct geometry, and quickly dismantle.
Wooden. Usually homemade, reusable. They are knocked down from boards and bars. Cheaper, but more difficult to provide with their help correct form, especially other than a rectangle.
Plastic. usually round shapes are made. You can buy ready-made, or you can make formwork from plastic pipes suitable diameter.
Cardboard. are made of thick cardboard impregnated with special adhesives. The form is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, however, they can be made independently, given some of the features of this construct.

Peculiarities

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines quite specific loads on the form.

The formwork experiences significant pressure at the bottom and very little at the top.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several props.

Also, the form must be rigid so as not to fold, not to bend under the weight of concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work in compression, so it is extremely important to avoid distortion of the structure. If the form arches, then the support made in it can easily crack under load. The column bears bending loads very poorly.

It is very important to clearly maintain the vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical generates an imbalance of loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

Self assembly form

With your own hands, the easiest way is to make a wooden formwork for square or rectangular supports. The sequence is:

In order to make the boards easier to remove later, they can be upholstered with oilcloth from the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose even boards so that the pillars do not have bends or curvature.

Alternatives

You can also make your own mold out of cardboard. But since only ordinary cardboard is available at home, to reinforce it, you will need to use an additional metal reinforcing mesh or a wooden frame.

It is worth remembering that this is a one-time formwork for columns, after the concrete has hardened, the cardboard will have to be torn off from it, like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make formwork in a mesh frame. First taken steel mesh with square cells, not prone to stretching.

It is folded into a cylinder of the desired diameter, securely fastened in this position by wire or welding.

Then a folded cardboard is placed inside, which, after laying, straightens and rests against the grid. It is not easy to find sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter poles, so you will have to use several sheets, fastening them between them with an overlap of adhesive tape.

The design turns out to be very unstable, so wooden supports are required.

Such a one-time formwork is suitable for round columns; rectangular or square ones cannot be filled in any way.

You can make a non-removable polystyrene foam formwork with your own hands.

This option is used for facade works, it allows you to get very even surfaces, uniform with foam-insulated walls.

However, this fixed formwork low-strength, so it also needs a supporting frame.

Price

Since everything is supposed to be done by hand, the price of molds for pillars is determined by the cost of materials. If you make formwork from wood, then you will need to pay about 6-7 thousand rubles per cubic meter of pine.

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Styrofoam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

When pouring columns with concrete, reinforcement work is carried out at the beginning.

We install reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12 mm in the form of a square (at the corners). These rods are installed vertically, they are also called column rods. For ease of installation reinforcing cage scaffolds with fences are installed every 2m of height.

The frame is mounted in several ways.

With relatively small masses and dimensions of the future column, the frame can be turned over to the formwork body. If the frame turns out to be heavy (this is possible when using reinforcement with a diameter of 16 mm or more), then it is more efficient to assemble only the base separately, and fasten it already at the pouring site. It is forbidden to stand on the rods to be welded when bandaging or welding. When welding, it is most convenient to use a portable welding machine. Select welding inverter can . Rebars can be welded together with wire, at a distance of 40-50 cm. For such purposes, you can use a special gun for a bunch of fittings.

We install formwork.

To begin with, we assemble the formwork body. Special attention it is worth giving it a fix. The formwork is fixed during installation with all sides of the future column (with a typical column - from four).

We mount wooden spacers on each side of the future column. If the column is high, then a slightly different method is used. The box body is mounted on three sides, and the latter is built up directly during concreting. During installation, the box is leveled and fastened with screws. Corners are mounted on the sides to withstand a right angle of 90 degrees.

Concreting process.

One of the most important parameters when pouring concrete columns is the mobility of the concrete mixture. Mobility refers to the ability of concrete to be distributed under the pressure of its mass. To measure mobility, a concrete cone is used. It is filled with concrete in layers. Then it is lifted and the mixture settles under its own weight. How much the cone sags, such mobility can be assigned mobility. Distinguish between flexible and rigid concrete mixtures. Mobility is marked with the letter “P” and a number from 1 to 5.

Draft	Designation


From 10cm to 15cm
From 16cm to 21cm
over 22cm

When pouring columns, concrete P2 or P3 is used. And with a large number of fittings - P4 or P5 (cast concrete). It is excellent for pouring into formwork without the use of a flexible shaft vibrator. As the filling increases, the mobility increases.

Pouring is done using a concrete pump or or as it is also called a bell. To do this, the tray is removed from the tub, and a funnel is installed in its place. On it with a clamp we install a canvas sleeve for pouring concrete. And we put its free end in the formwork.

Filling is done in layers. Layers go horizontally and STRICTLY in one direction. As filling, the mixture must be carefully compacted, removing excess air from the mixture. To do this, the mixture is pierced evenly throughout the volume with a metal rod. After that, you need to go through the vibrator. Be sure to make sure it is grounded.

If it is not possible with a flexible shaft, then you can periodically tap on the formwork with a hammer or rubber mallet. In the process, be sure to make sure that the formwork does not “leave” anywhere, and the reinforcement frame always remains strictly in the center.

The composition of the concrete mixture: 1 part of M400 cement, 2 parts of sand, 4 parts of gravel or crushed stone (size from 20 mm), and water. The amount of water is taken from the calculation of obtaining a homogeneous mass. When the column is filled, reinforcement is attached to it with the help of anchors.

We remove the formwork.

When the concrete gains full strength, the formwork is removed. Usually full strength concrete mixtures achieved in the period from 20 to 25 calendar days, subject to optimal conditions solidification.