Fortune spindle reproduction. Multicolored euonymus leaves for the garden

Sometimes our attention is drawn to a shrub with dark green toothed shiny leaves and bright fruits. They look so attractive that you want to try them. This is euonymus. Are the fruits of the euonymus edible and where can they be attributed to poisonous or medicinal plants? There are more than 200 species of euonymus and is widely used in garden design. Some species of this plant have yellow, cream, red leaves or silver-white spots in the center or along the edges of the leaf, therefore they are widely used to form hedges.

Correct planting of euonymus seedlings

Before planting euonymus seedlings, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the features of the species of interest. The most common varieties of euonymus are:

• Warty euonymus Is a shrub up to 2 meters or a tree up to 6 meters in height with bright green foliage covered with black warts. The plant has flowers of a brownish hue, pink fruits with reddish-brown seedlings.
• European spindle tree- a small tree, most often growing bushy. The dark green color of the foliage becomes red in autumn. Fruits are pink with orange seedlings. There are more than 20 decorative forms of this type.
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  Winged euonymus is a strongly branched shrub or tree with tetrahedral branches, greenish flowers, collected in an inflorescence. The fruits are bright red. The species has more than 20 varieties.

• Fortune's eonymus- the creeping shrub belongs to evergreens. Numerous forms of this species differ in the color of the leaves.
• Japanese euonymus- refers to both indoor and garden plants... The leaves are large, dense, dark green with a light rim. The plant is not able to withstand temperatures below 5 degrees, so it must be kept in a cool place in winter.
Planting a spindle tree requires choosing a place in the garden. It should be spacious, since the plant can grow significantly. It is necessary to carry out the landing of the euonymus in early spring or in the fall. To do this, you need to dig a hole, which in volume should be twice the size of the plant's roots. We cover the bottom with drainage. For this purpose, we use sand, expanded clay, broken brick. Place a layer of humus on top of the drainage. We put the seedling, straighten the root system and sprinkle with moistened soil. From above we carry out the compaction and watering of the plant.

Important! To retain moisture in the soil, the surface of the earth is mulched with peat or bark... This will prevent surface crusting and weed growth.

Conditions for growing euonymus in the garden


The euonymus feels better in diffused illumination. In the sun, green leaves turn yellow, and brown spots form on multi-colored ones. In the shade, the plant grows very slowly, and the decorative leaves lose their brightness. Optimum temperature for euonymus growth is 18-22 degrees. The plant does not like stagnant water and acidic soil.

Important! Euonymus does not like clay soil.

Before planting a spindle tree, many do not even think about whether it is poisonous or not. This must be taken into account when planning flower beds near playgrounds, since euonymus is a poisonous plant. The lethal dose for an adult is 35 fetuses. Since the fruit is very attractive, it can generate interest in children. This is dangerous!

Pruning the crown of euonymus


Euonymus belongs to shrubs, therefore it requires regular pruning. It is necessary to cut the plant in spring and summer. In the spring, a sanitary haircut is carried out: dry and damaged branches are cut off and the crown of the plant is formed. Summer haircut is decorative. It gives the shrub a regular geometric shape. The shrub easily tolerates dry weather, so it does not require frequent watering.

Important! The sap of the plant is also poisonous. Therefore, when trimming, protect your hands with gloves.

Transplanting euonymus plants

The transplantation of young plants is carried out from the beginning of February. Do not combine plant transplantation with rejuvenating pruning. Adult bushes over 7 years old should not be replanted. If there is a need to transplant the bush to a new place, then it is carefully dug in in the spring and transferred with an earthen lump to a new place. Watering the plant should be regular until the foliage is released.


Winter hardiness of adult euonymus plants is high. Young plants up to three years old can be covered with dry foliage for the winter, and adults are not afraid low temperatures therefore do not need shelter. To prevent freezing of roots in a snowless winter trunk circle the plants are covered with sawdust or fallen leaves.

Reproduction of spindle tree at home

Consider the methods of reproduction, cultivation and care of euonymus.

Seeds


If you are going to propagate euonymus using seeds, then you should know that you need to collect them after opening the bolls. It is necessary to plant seeds immediately after collection. If you delay with this process until spring, then it will be more difficult to do this, since they must be soaked for three days and artificially create conditions for germination that exist in nature in autumn and winter. This process is called stratification. For professionals it is not difficult, and for amateurs it is not as difficult as troublesome.

Did you know? The orange substance of euonymus is used by Indian women to paint a spot on the forehead.

In nature, euonymus reproduces by seeds with the help of birds. They eat the fruits of the plant, and the hard seeds are not digested and the droppings fall into the ground and germinate.

By dividing the bush

This breeding method is most often used for dwarf varieties of euonymus. This is easy to do, since root system the plants are shallow. It is necessary to carefully separate the part of the plant with young shoots and rhizomes. Before planting, the shoots are cut off, leaving 1/3 part.

Cuttings


This method is used in June - July. For this, a plant that is at least five years old may be suitable. It is necessary to cut cuttings at least 7 cm long with one internode from the shoots mother plant... To stimulate root formation, the cut of the cuttings is treated with a root root. The cuttings are placed in a mini-greenhouse or under a film, the soil in which is well fertilized. 3-4 cm of sand is poured over the ground, it will retain moisture well. The result is obtained in a month and a half.

Root offspring

Reproduction by root suckers is carried out in early spring. For this, part of the roots with an earthen lump is separated, and the height of the growth should not exceed 50 cm. The thickness of the offspring's roots should be about one and a half centimeters, and the length - 30 cm. It is planted in a permanent place.

Possible diseases and pests of euonymus, ways of dealing with them

Pests are very fond of euonymus. It is exposed to the effects of apple moth, hawthorn, aphids, spider mites and scale insects. Often this ability is used as bait for pests in apple orchards. All pests gather on the euonymus and are destroyed chemical means, but fruit trees remain without chemical treatment. Consider how to recognize diseases of shrubs and what means to deal with each pest.




Application and useful properties of euonymus

Euonymus is a medicinal plant. For medicinal purposes, the bark and twigs of the plant are used. It contains organic and fatty acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, which are involved in metabolism.

In spring and summer, motley green, in autumn, fiery-bright bushes of euonymus can increasingly be seen on our household plots... A hedge is created from it, planted on alpine hills and as a free-standing tree. This ornamental plant gives the garden a unique look, and not only gardeners love it. Evergreen varieties of euonymus are successfully grown at home. Its tough and dense mottled leaves serve as a backdrop for flowering plants. Single euonymus look great. They lend themselves well to shaping. Therefore, indoor bonsai are often grown from euonymus. Planting and caring for this plant at home is not difficult, but if kept incorrectly, euonymus can show character.

The appearance of the euonymus and its life in nature

The Bereskletov family contains about two hundred plants. They can be seen in almost every corner. the globe, excluding the extreme north. Wild representatives of euonymus settled in forests in temperate and subtropical climates, some, but their minority, settled in the tropics. 20 varieties grow on the territory of Russia.

In Latin, euonymus is called Euonumus, which means “glorious name”. For the similarity of leaves with laurel, the plant is also called a pseudo-laurel. And the name euonymus has Slavic roots. Our ancestors gave the plant many nicknames, here are some: brusclet, heather, privet, as well as wolf bast and wolf earrings. Associations with the image of a wolf appeared not by chance. The euonymus thickets form a dense undergrowth, the very thicket where predators are found.

Euonymus is a plant that is evergreen or sheds leaves in the fall. It can be an upright or creeping branchy shrub, miniature or large, tree about 5 meters. Adult euonymus shoots are covered with bark, and sometimes with wart-like growths. The cross section of the branches different types very different, except for the usual - rounded, there is a tetrahedral.

The foliage of the euonymus is harsh, leathery, glossy, egg-shaped, the size varies from 2 to 5 cm. The color is from dark green to pale. In horticulture and floriculture, forms with colored foliage are common. Spots and strokes of whitish, yellow or cream color are scattered on the leaf.

Euonymus, which lives at home, blooms extremely rarely. And bushes and trees growing in the wild usually bloom in May. The plant does not become more beautiful from this.

Small inflorescences, whitish or yellow-green, are collected in drooping clusters and often smell unpleasant. And the fruits of euonymus, they ripen in early autumn, are very attractive.

On thin peduncles, colorful boxes of incredible shape hang down. They can be scarlet, purple, burgundy-purple in color, with wings or thorns. But this appearance is deceiving - the fruits of the euonymus are poisonous, like all parts of the plant.

Euonymus is a plastic, patient and undemanding plant. It perfectly tolerates the most Spartan conditions, and is good at pruning and shaping. Thanks to this, original bonsai are grown from euonymus. If you correctly cut and shape the stalk, you get a chunky mini-tree with a fluffy and variegated crown.

Remember: euonymus poisonous plant, it should not be placed in rooms where there are children and pets. The highest concentration of substances hazardous to health is in the fruits of the plant. Don't try them. 35 fruits is a lethal dose for an adult. Poisoning is manifested by weakness, vomiting, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias. With a very severe injury, paralysis occurs and it is possible death.Observe safety precautions when working with euonymus. Wear gloves, and when trimming, wear safety glasses. If the juice gets on the mucous membranes, rinse them big amount water.

There are many legends and stories about the euonymus. One of them says that a poisonous euonymus was raised by an evil witch as punishment for people. But later she repented and endowed him medicinal properties... Then the witch turned into a feathered robin, for which the fruits of euonymus are harmless. By eating them, the robin helps new bushes grow.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus

Evergreen euonymus is most often grown as a houseplant: Japanese and rooting (forchuna) - and less often deciduous species: European and winged. Forms that shed their foliage turn red-yellow in the fall, like street trees... They lose leaves, and in the spring they wake up again. Evergreen euonymus can also lose leaves, but this is not the norm, but the result of improper care.

• Japanese spindle tree, except for the Land of the Rising Sun, is widespread in Korea and China. This thermophilic plant does not tolerate severe frosts. In the northern countries, including Russia, it is grown only in home and greenhouse conditions. It is a compact, well-leafed shrub. Leaves up to 8 cm long, in the form of an elongated oval, along the edge with small notches. There are evenly colored and variegated varieties. In the clusters of inflorescences there are two to three dozen tiny (1 cm each) greenish-yellow flowers. Fruit pods are orange or pink. The most popular varieties of Japanese euonymus are: mediopictus - a shrub with yellow-golden leaves with a green edge; latifolius albumarginatus - euonymus with green foliage, decorated with a patterned white border; microfilla is a miniature (up to half a meter) shrub with small (2–2.5 cm) white-green leaves; aureo-marginata is a variety with bright green leaves with a golden edge.
• Rooting euonymus (forchuna) is an evergreen creeping shrub that does not exceed 60 cm. At the same time, the length of the branches reaches 3 meters. Its homeland is China, the plant can also be seen in the Crimea and Transcaucasia. The leaves of this euonymus are small (2–6 cm), dense, saturated green. They are small, pointed, egg-shaped. The plant is frost-resistant, it is grown both in open ground and in indoor conditions. Varieties of euonymus forchun differ in leaf color. Gracilis - a variety with leaves of a creamy yellow hue, with age they turn white along the edge, red in the middle. Vegetus is a creeping bush with thick stems, large rounded leaves and yellow fruits. Emerald Gold is a bush with branches about one and a half meters. Small cream-colored foliage along the edge is painted with bright yellow spots, turns red in autumn.
• Dwarf euonymus is an evergreen upright shrub. Grows up to a meter. Rigid narrowish leaves with a sharp tip and slightly curved edges. This euonymus is often shaped like a bonsai. In nature, it is common in the mountains of the Caucasus, Moldova, China and Romania.
• Warty euonymus, or few-flowered, grows in countries Western Europe and in central Russia. This is a two-meter shrub or tree. Its greenish bark is provided with wart growths. The foliage is light green, the flowers are brownish, the fruits are pink-red. In autumn, the leaves turn pink. Warty euonymus is grown as a garden ornamental plant.
• European euonymus is native to mountainous Asia Minor. This bushy tree is no higher than 6 meters. On green young shoots there are longitudinal cork outgrowths, and adult branches are almost black. Leaves are leathery, large, turn red in autumn. Ripe fruits are dark pink with orange. The species easily tolerates drought, frost and polluted air. There are over two dozen decorative forms of this species, including weeping euonymus, aucubal, purple, silver-spotted.
• Winged euonymus settles on rocks and in the mixed forests of the Far East, Sakhalin, Japan and Korea. A branched shrub grows up to 2 meters, the tree is about 4 m. The branches are tetrahedral, the leaves are like a diamond, the fruits are scarlet. There are about 20 shapes and varieties. The most common is compactus. it compact bush in the form of a dome. Leaves are pale green in summer, turn red in autumn. The plant is winter-hardy, but does not tolerate drought and heat well.

There is gutta-percha in the bark and roots of warty and European euonymus. This substance is similar to rubber. It is used as an insulating material in electrical and radio devices, in the chemical and shoe industry, and in dentistry. From the stems of euonymus they make a special charcoal - fusen, with its sticks artists draw sketches.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus in the photo: Japanese, European, forchuna and others

Japanese aureo-marginata euonymus
Warty euonymus
Euonymus rooting vegetus
European euonymus
Winged euonymus
Euonymus japanese latifolius albumarginatus
Euonymus Japanese mediopictus
Japanese spindle microfilla
Rooting spindle tree (fortune)
Rooting euonymus (fortune) Emerald Gold
Japanese euonymus

What does euonymus need

Euonymus is not a gentle plant of the tropics, but a harsh inhabitant of a temperate climate. Therefore, in winter too warm air it is harmful to him, and he is not very picky about humidity. Some forms in nature are used to limited lighting; there is not enough sun in the undergrowth. Single-color indoor euonymus happily turn green even in partial shade. But the more whimsical variegated varieties will need a lot of light to preserve the color.

Table: principles of caring for a plant at home

Rooting euonymus (forchuna) in regions with a relatively warm climate is used in winter for landscaping glazed balconies. The plant spends the summer in the garden, and at the end of autumn it is placed on the balcony. The temperature should not drop below -5 degrees. In order for the euonymus to winter comfortably, its roots are insulated. Under the container with the plant, it is necessary to lay polystyrene, the top should be mulched with peat or sawdust. And wrap the pot with foam rubber, batting or other insulation.

Insulated euonymus can spend the winter on a warm balcony

Pot, soil, planting and replanting

It is recommended to replant euonymus annually, at the beginning of the growth period - in the spring. For young bushes, this procedure is mandatory, for adults over 5 years old - you can carry it out after 2-3 years. The euonymus is not capricious in the choice of soil. It develops well even in not very nutritious soil, it is more important that it is porous and light.

• Universal soil for indoor plants.
• Sod, humus and leafy land in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. Be sure to add coarse sand to the mixture.
• Sod land, peat and sand in a ratio of 3: 0.5: 0.5.

However, for the spindle trees, from which the bonsai are formed, the soil should be denser and heavier. Part of the loam should be added to it. So the root system will be better anchored in a small volume of soil.

Choose a container for planting and replanting a spindle tree not deep, but wide. Its roots are located near the surface, without going deep. For large bushes, it is better to take a ceramic pot, it is more stable and more actively evaporates moisture. If you want the euonymus bush to remain small, limit its growth to the size of the planting container. The more modest the volume of the pot, the slower the plant will develop.

How to transplant euonymus at home

1. Before planting, sterilize a new pot by rinsing with boiling water, heat the drainage and soil substrate. Do not forget about safety measures when working with euonymus.
2. Put a drainage layer 2–3 cm on the bottom. Pour a part of the soil on top, moisten it.
3. Remove the plant from the old pot and carefully, without disturbing the clod with roots, move it to the new one.
4. You can inspect the roots, if there are rotten ones, carefully remove them.
5. Gradually fill the earthen ball with new soil, compacting the void between it and the wall of the pot. In the process, you can shake the container slightly so as not to leave empty areas.
6. Water the plant and place it in a slightly shaded place.
7. When the euonymus adapts, move it to bright light. Long stay in the shade is harmful to variegated forms.

Video: euonymus forchun is planted from a pot in a garden, how to distinguish a noble plant from cheap fakes

Or, when planting a spindle tree, you can abandon the traditional pot and try the original kokedama. This is a newfangled direction of bonsai, which was invented in Japan. "Koka" is moss and "lady" is a ball, that is, it is a ball-like lump of earth wrapped in moss. It takes years to grow a bonsai tree, and to make a kokedama, you need certain ingredients and two to three hours. Euonymus is a suitable plant for such an experiment.

Video: kokedama from euonymus

How to care for a plant

The euonymus is distinguished by its masculine stern character. But, like any man, this bush cannot do without caring care... It includes watering and feeding, keeping the crown clean and trimming. Otherwise, your euonymus will become like a "neglected garden".

Water and feed

From spring to autumn, euonymus loves to drink plentifully. He's not too picky, but he still prefers more sophisticated drinks over chlorinated tap water. Rainy, thawed, filtered or at least settled lukewarm water. To determine the frequency, monitor the condition of the topsoil. Once dry, water.

V summer heat euonymus will be delighted to be sprayed, but the water should also be soft and warm. You can even wash the plant under a mild shower. Do not forget to monitor the purity of the leaves, the dusty euonymus not only looks bad, but also develops slowly.

With the onset of autumn cold weather, water procedures must be stopped. It is enough only from time to time to wipe the foliage from dust with a damp cloth. An exception is euonymus left in warm, hot rooms, they will suffer from dry air, and spraying will be appropriate.

The euonymus bush must be kept clean

Watering in the fall and winter should be limited. When kept cold, minimize. If the euonymus hibernates on a glazed balcony, it is practically not watered.

During the active growth of shoots and leaves, in spring and summer, the euonymus will well accept feeding. You can alternate between organic and mineral complexes, adding them to irrigation water every two to three weeks. Any fertilizer is suitable for ornamental-leaved plants; euonymus is not very picky. In winter, when he is resting in the coolness, food must be stopped.

Cutting the euonymus

Usually the bush is cut at the very end of winter. First of all, thin, elongated twigs are removed. To increase bushiness, pinch the tops of the shoots. Thus, they stimulate the awakening of the dormant lateral buds. If you want to grow a sapling, cut off the bottom shoots, leaving a bare stem and a lush “cap” on top.

Pinch the shoots regularly in summer to improve branching. Perform hygienic pruning in the fall. Cut out weak, dried branches, if necessary, renew the shape of the crown.

Skillful florists form various shapes from the crown of the euonymus. It can be given a spherical or conical or cubic appearance. Plants from which bonsai are grown are pruned according to special rules.

We provide peace

The resting time for the spindle tree is winter. Deciduous forms, even when indoor growing in the fall, they change the color of the foliage, and then completely or partially discard it. In evergreen varieties, the leaves should be preserved. But with excessively dry and warm air, they can also fall off. To stop leaf fall, you need to lower the temperature in the room. You can put the euonymus closer to the window and cover it from the heat by placing an impromptu screen on the windowsill. Or, conversely, take it to the glassed-in balcony, insulating the pot.

Already in November, watering the plants is gradually reduced, feeding is canceled - during dormancy it is superfluous. And the lighting of the euonymus needs to be bright in winter.

Care errors - table

Diseases and pests - table

Video: euonymus grows poorly due to spider mites and poor soil - error correction

Reproduction of euonymus

Domestic euonymus reproduces by cuttings, dividing the bush and seeds. The last method is the longest and most difficult, but sometimes it is the only option. For grafting and dividing, you need an adult euonymus bush.

Cuttings

In the middle or late summer, cut semi-lignified cuttings (7 cm each) of the euonymus, which is less than 5 years old, from the tops of the shoots. There should be one internode on the handle.

1. Treat the cut of the cutting with phytohormone (Epin, Zircon or others).
2. Fill the container with a mixture of peat and sand, moisten.
3. Deepen the cuttings, tamp the substrate carefully, leaving no voids.
4. Cover the seedlings with plastic wrap, a bag, or a jar.
5. Place in a bright and cool place.
6. Moisten and air the plantings regularly.
7. Rooting usually lasts 6-7 weeks. When new leaves begin to appear, transplant the cuttings into separate small (7-10 cm) pots with nutrient soil.

By dividing the bush

This method is combined with the transplant of a spindle tree, which is formed in the form of a bush. It is not suitable for tree-like specimens. Take an adult, healthy plant with a developed root system. This will handle the operation without any problems.

1. Carefully remove the plant from the pot, inspect the roots, marking the place of division.
2. Use a sharp, clean knife to separate part of the rhizome with shoots. Sprinkle the cut with crushed coal.
3. Cut the shoots on a separated plant two-thirds, plant it in a moistened soil for euonymus.
4. Keep the detached plant cool and partial shade until it adapts.

Seeds

Indoor euonymus can also be grown from seeds purchased or collected from a garden bush. Their germination rate, according to gardeners' reviews, is 60-70%.

1. Stratify before sowing ( cold period). Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth or place in the sand and refrigerate for three months (at a temperature of 0 + 3).
2. Remove the seeds from the refrigerator and place in a lighted place, cover the top with foil to preserve moisture.
3. Spread the warmed seeds on a light sterile substrate (peat and sand), sprinkle with a small layer of sand.
4. Spray the plantings with a spray bottle with warm water.
5. Close the container with foil or a transparent lid.
6. The best result will be obtained by planting the seeds in a bottom heated greenhouse. Seed development requires a constant high temperature of 22–27 ° C.
7. Once every 3-4 days, control the moisture content of the soil, spray when dry, ventilate the crops.
8. The sprouts hatch in one and a half to two months.
9. When they have hardened and real leaves appear, cut the seedlings into separate cups. Protect young plants from drafts and cold air.

Euonymus has a real male character, he does not like greenhouse conditions. In addition, this plant is a protector. It is believed that euonymus growing near the house, or better in the house itself, protects its owners from harm. Others are associated with a bright euonymus bush. folk signs... They say that plants with yellow fruits attract money into the house, with red ones they lure love, and with orange ones they bring happiness. True or fiction, you can find out only by getting to know the euonymus better.

Autumn will not seem dull if there is an euonymus on the site. The plant is a shrub, tree, or creeping carpet. Decorativeness in the beauty of variegated leathery leaves, catkins made of poisonous berries. Planting and caring for euonymus is an exciting experience.

Euonymus varieties use in culture

Euonymus represents plants between deciduous and evergreen species... In nature, it is found in the undergrowth of the middle zone, sometimes in the tropics. Used in culture for landscape gardening. Decorativeness lies in the autumn color of the leaf blade, hanging catkins of bright inedible seeds. Cultural forms lost their high growth, appeared dwarf varieties.

As examples of various forms of euonymus, consider several of the hundreds of species:

• , represents a short tree or bush, purple in autumn with orange fruit earrings;
• , shrub 2 meters, grows wild in the form of undergrowth in the Far East, red in autumn;
• Fortune, a creeping groundcover with variegated leathery leaves, home to China;
• Japanese, evergreen shrub that can be grown at home and is used to grow bonsai trees.

Fortune's eonymus in landscape design photo

The creeping shrub is distinguished by its decorative leaves. Among the many variegated varieties, there are fringed and spotted ones, with white and yellow patterns along the green field. Wherein large leaves, leathery to the touch, hold their shape well.

Fortune for landscape decoration middle lane irreplaceable shrub. The groundcover is evergreen. It is worth covering a low bush for the winter; with the melting of the snow, a bright juicy spot returns summer. In addition, the shrub can be trimmed and keeps its shape well.

Flowers euonymus shrub throws out imperceptible against the background of variegated leaves. But in the fall, the bush dresses up in earrings made of inedible berries. Only the creeping form evergreen can be kept from freezing where frosts reach -20 degrees. Cover the bushes in late autumn to avoid damping. The covering material can be pine spruce and coarse shavings that allows air to pass through.

Another property of Fortune is used by designers. Liana 3 meters long is capable of climbing vertical walls. So that it does not slip, it is necessary to prepare supports for which the aerial roots will hold. So you can drape from immodest eyes places of waste storage, outbuildings.

Breeding Beresklet

Reproduction of spindle trees in natural conditions occurs due to the transfer of seeds by birds. The berries are poisonous to humans, but they serve as food for birds during the winter months.

Under cultural conditions, it is easier to propagate by root layers and cuttings from spring - classic ways... To do this, in the spring, lignified cuttings are rooted in a greenhouse, planting developed plants in the ground in August.

An easy way of breeding is to root the branch in a hole. Since euonymus tend to release roots in internodes, the twig is pinned to the soil and buried in small area on which roots are formed. Later, the branch is separated from the mother bush. In euonymus in autumn, as in the photo, is irreplaceable.

With his victorious color, he reminds us that life is eternal and there is no reason for despondency. Autumn has its own colors. And the gray cloudy day is getting brighter. Designers love to use in the exposition and separately standing trees, dressed with a multicolored leaves, bright bunches of berries.

Undeservedly forgotten, euonymus reappeared in the landscape design of estates.

What you need to know about euonymus

For landscaping, cultivated forms of plants, dwarf varieties and shrubs are used. Where it is cold in winter, lonely plants are grown in pots and tubs, storing them in a cool place for the winter.

In nature, euonymus grows under the canopy of trees. With a bright sunny color, the decorative effect of the leaves is lost. The best temperature for a plant is 18-22 degrees. The warmer, the more often you need to moisten the leaves and clod of earth. If the euonymus is to winter outdoors, its branches need protection. It is best to make a fur coat for the bush from the spruce branches of coniferous trees.

The plant is poisonous. Only 35 berries for an adult is a lethal dose. You cannot plant it in a place accessible to children.

Where to place a plant in the country

If you need to grow a lone tree, Maak's euonymus will do. This species loves sunlight and cannot stand shade. For European varieties, the shade of mature trees will be the best place.

For a hedge, you should purchase Sakhalin or sacred euonymus. These plants give root branches and are ground cover plants.

The soil under the euonymus should be light with an alkaline or neutral reaction. The plant does not like clay, is grateful to

Watering the bush should be moderate. All euonymus do not like stagnant moisture and high ground water.

How to Grow a Lonely Tree in a Potted Culture

Like any young, rapidly developing plant, euonymus is planted in a small container, in light soil. First, they are transplanted every year, then less often. In the summer, culture is kept on the street, on winter period arrange in a cool room with a temperature above 5 degrees.

In a warm room, the plant also overwinters, but it can shed its foliage. Keeping a plant indoors is not easy. Leaves are lost from heat, moldy from moisture, turn pale in the shade.

Adapted for breeding as indoor plant Japanese spindle tree. Its leathery blue-green leaves are more resistant. During growth, the young tree is deformed, creating bizarre branches.

Spindle tree in the garden - video

Euonymus is a plant that is not very popular in garden plots in central Russia. Meanwhile, the cultivation of euonymus, planting and caring for it is not difficult at all. It can be a great decoration. autumn garden, after all, in terms of decorativeness in autumn, it has no equal among other trees and shrubs.

The main decoration of this plant is leaves and earrings. In autumn, the leaves turn yellow, red, orange, purple colors, and one sheet can combine several colors. Earrings are pale green in early autumn, in October they turn purple, scarlet, yellow. If we also consider that this plant is unpretentious and winter-hardy, then we can advise every gardener to grow it on his site.

Types of euonymus

Euonymus is a woody plant that is widespread in Europe and Asia. The euonymus family includes short trees and shrubs, both evergreen and deciduous. In total, there are about 200 species of it, in our country no more than 20 are grown. Let's list the most common of them.

European

Distributed in deciduous forests of Europe and Asia Minor. European spindle tree is a tree no higher than 6 meters in height, looking more like a shrub. European spindle tree is a cold-resistant species, easily tolerates drought, grows well in the polluted city air. European spindle tree is perfect for, because it tolerates pruning well. There are several subspecies of the European variety: weeping, dwarf, with different leaf colors - purple, silver-spotted.

Winged

This species grows in Korea, Japan, China and Sakhalin. Winged euonymus grows in deciduous forests, along rivers and mountain streams. Most often, winged euonymus is a shrub no more than 3 meters high or a tree about 4 meters high. Unpretentious to light and soil moisture, although it grows better in well-lit places. Winged euonymus has high winter hardiness, but in very severe frosts, the ends of the branches can freeze and require pruning. It got its name "winged" because of its branches, which look like wings.

Fortune

Distributed in China. Fortune's spindle tree is very different from other species. This is an evergreen creeping shrub that grows well in central Russia. It is frost-resistant, since its creeping shoots are completely covered with snow in winter. Forchuna's euonymus has many decorative subspecies, they differ in the color of the leaves.

The most decorative of these is the Emerald Gold subspecies. Its evergreen leaves are edged with a yellow border in the form of stripes and spots. In autumn, they take on a bright pink color, so Emerald Gold has been decorating the garden for several seasons.

Fortune's euonymus easily tolerates pruning. In varieties with variegated leaves, it is advisable to remove green shoots if they are knocked out of the bulk. Fortune's eonymus is irreplaceable as a ground cover crop.

Japanese

An evergreen shrub that is grown both in the garden and as a houseplant. In the wild, Japanese euonymus can grow up to 7 meters in height. He needs certain conditions for full growth.

Japanese euonymus is also of several types.

• Pseudolavr, or indoor. It grows only in greenhouse or indoor conditions, it does not tolerate low temperatures at all.
• Microfillus. This is a Japanese euonymus with variegated leaves, up to 50 cm high.
• Japanese dwarf spindle tree- a creeping shrub, which, in addition to decorative leaves, has beautiful flowers.

Reproduction and cultivation

Basically, the plant propagates by cuttings, layering, dividing a bush or seedlings, very rarely - by seeds.

• Propagation by cuttings.

Cutting is best done at the end of June. Cuttings about 8 cm long with one internode are cut, planted in a greenhouse in a previously prepared and fertilized soil. After about 1.5 months, when the cuttings give roots, they are transplanted to a permanent place in the open field. Forchun's euonymus, Japanese euonymus reproduce by cuttings.

• Propagation by root layers.

The root layers are separated in the spring, immediately after the soil thaws. Layers should be no higher than 50 cm in height; it is advisable to keep a lump of earth on the roots. You can plant it directly in open ground or in a greenhouse for growing up to the height of a standard seedling. Forchun's euonymus and Japanese euonymus are propagated by root layers.

• Reproduction by dividing the bush.

In this way, dwarf species with superficial roots are most often propagated. The shoots are carefully separated from the mother plant, leaving a part of the rhizome, cut it by 2/3 and planted in a permanent place. By dividing the bush, Japanese euonymus, Fortchuna, multiplies.

• Reproduction by seedlings.

For seedlings, pits are prepared in advance, their size will depend on the size of the seedlings. At the bottom of the pit, it is advisable to pour broken brick and sand as drainage. When planting, you need to ensure that the roots of the seedling are straightened, and the root collar is not covered. The earth needs to be compacted from time to time so that no air remains in it.

The distance between seedlings depends on the variety and on the purpose of planting, if it is hedge, then you need to plant the plants denser. Plantings are watered and mulched abundantly to retain moisture. Saplings propagate European and winged euonymus.

If the seedlings have to be transported, the roots are wrapped with paper or a damp cloth. Before planting in the open field, you need to prepare a mixture of equal parts of water and clay, add a few crystals of potassium permanganate and lower the roots into this mixture for a few minutes.

• Reproduction by seeds.

Seeds are harvested in autumn, sown directly into the soil. For the winter, plantings are mulched with foliage or straw. If the seeds are stored until spring, then they need to be soaked in warm water for several days, then placed in the refrigerator for 4-5 months for stratification.

Planting and leaving

Planting a spindle tree requires compliance with the following simple rules.

• When choosing a place for planting, it must be remembered that the plant grows strongly both in height and in width. Therefore, the distance between the euonymus and other plants and buildings on the site should be sufficient.
• A slightly alkaline soil is suitable for the plant; lime must be added to the acidic soil in advance. Heavy soil is diluted with sand or peat in a ratio of 1: 5, and compost is also added. Top with peat mulch to retain moisture.
• Dwarf species can be placed in containers or boxes and brought home for the winter.

Care for euonymus is quite simple and consists in watering, feeding and pruning.

• Water the plant as the soil dries out abundantly, but infrequently. Frequent watering only require young seedlings if the summer is very hot. Trunk circles, to retain moisture, are mulched with peat or.
• Plantings are fed twice per season: in spring and autumn mineral fertilizers... Can be brought under the plant in spring organic fertilizers, for example sprinkle with diluted slurry.
• Pruning is carried out in the spring, before the buds bloom. Cut out old, weak and broken branches. Pruning is useful for the plant, after which it begins to actively branch. In tree species, a crown of various shapes can be formed: a cone, an ellipse, a ball. This will give the landings an additional decorative effect.

Diseases and pests

The plant is most often affected by stem rot and powdery mildew. Trunk rot is fungal disease... It is very difficult to treat it, therefore prevention is necessary in the form of treatment in spring and autumn with a Bordeaux mixture. All infected parts of the plant are removed and burned. When powdery mildew appears on the branches and leaves, it is necessary to treat it with a fungicide 3 times with an interval of 10 days.

Pests are spider mite, caterpillars and aphids. To kill ticks and aphids, they are sprayed with Aktellik or Fitoverm. The caterpillars are harvested by hand. It is noticed that if the caterpillars attacked the euonymus, then on fruit trees that grow next to it, there are no caterpillars.

Decorative use

Fortune's euonymus is used as a ground cover plant, to decorate rocky gardens and alpine slides... Some of its varieties can twine around the support. Forchun's euonymus can winter indoors in winter gardens. Quite often, Fortune's euonymus is planted for landscaping balconies.

Japanese dwarf euonymus is used as a bonsai, subject to pruning of branches. For landscape design Japanese euonymus is good as a tub plant, because it does not tolerate low temperatures.

European spindle tree is used for garden decoration both in groups and singly. With the help of pruning, the crown of the European spindle tree is given various forms, which look very elegant and unusual. Planted along the fence, the European euonymus creates a hedge.

On rocky hills, winged euonymus looks spectacular in the form of a bush, it takes root with lower branches and grows well. Winged euonymus can also surround the site with a hedge. In compositions of trees and shrubs, winged euonymus looks harmoniously next to a juniper. In addition, the winged euonymus feels great in the polluted city air.

In a word, it is worth planting this extraordinary plant on your garden plot to admire its beauty on gloomy autumn days.

Euonymus are evergreen or deciduous shrubs, trees of the Bereskletov family. This genus is widespread in the subtropical and temperate climates of the entire planet. The main places of their growth are deciduous forests. Scientific name on Latin- Euonymus, which means a plant with a good name.

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Features of growing euonymus in different climatic conditions

Euonymus is a plant that in most cases grows in the form of shrubs. It has smooth oval-shaped leaves of various colors... The fruit is a leathery capsule of various colors, which is divided into 4 compartments and resembles a flashlight in shape.

The genus includes about 142 species. They grow in different climatic conditions. The following types of euonymus are mainly known:

• warty (verrucosus);
• European (europaeus);
• dwarf (nanus);
• winged (alatus);
• Fortune (fortunei);
• Japanese (japonicas).

A medium-sized shrub, the stems of which are covered with small dark warts. Blooms in May and June. Prefers alkaline soils. Leaves are oval, in autumn they acquire a reddish-pink tint. Flowers are collected in paniculate, nondescript inflorescences. Distributed in the European part of Russia, in most of Western Europe.

A shrub that grows wild in most areas of central Russia. Its branches are tetrahedral, with corky ribs. Flowers are medium-sized, green, appear in April and June. The fruit is a rectangular box of a reddish hue.

Low shrub with thin shoots. The leaves are narrow, linear-oblong, greenish-gray. The flowers are brown or pale green and bloom in June. The fruit is a yellow or pink four-lobed capsule. They grow in subtropical regions of Europe and Asia.

Deciduous shrub, which is mainly distributed in the Far East, China, Japan. Leaves are ovoid, elongated, smooth, shiny, turn reddish in autumn. May and June bloom in simple, single flowers. The fruit is a brightly colored box.

A creeping, evergreen shrub that can grow in central Russia. His homeland is China. Leaves are leathery, shiny, with uneven edges, often variegated in color.

An evergreen shrub with leathery, dense leaves. The flowers are yellowish, collected in umbellate inflorescences. It is this species that is used for growing in apartments.

Spindle tree in the open ground and at home (care)

Consider how to grow this plant on summer cottages and an apartment.

Outdoor care

In order for the euonymus to delight the gardener for many years, he needs periodic care.

Landing. Planting can be done early spring or autumn - in October... Most euonymus prefer slightly alkaline or neutral soils, so ash should be added to the planting pits. They are not very demanding on lighting, but in the shade variegated varieties can lose brightness and turn green.

Watering. You need to water the euonymus moderately... It has dense, leathery leaves, which allows the plant to slowly evaporate moisture and therefore the soil does not need constant moisture. It is better to mulch the trunk circle, which will allow you to cope with the drying out of the soil in the summer.

Top dressing. You need to feed the euonymus 2 times per year... The first feeding is done in the spring and various organic fertilizers are used. The second is carried out at the beginning of autumn and phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers are used for this.

Pruning. Eonymus need constant formative pruning... They can be used to create excellent examples of topiary art.

Preparing for winter. Spindle trees winter well in the middle lane, but young specimens in the first years should be covered with non-woven material.

Home care

For apartments and winter gardens use euonymus:

• Japanese;
• Fortune.

You won't need special care for this plant, but you need to know some subtleties.

Lighting. Houses euonymus are placed on windows with bright, but not direct light. Openings of a western or eastern orientation are suitable.

Temperature. These plants do not like very high temperatures in summer, and in winter they must be kept in a cold room at a temperature of +4 degrees.

Humidity. The euonymus has leathery leaves and therefore this plant practically does not need additional humidification of the surrounding air.

Soil and dressing. For planting home spindle trees, any neutral soil that is offered in stores for decorative deciduous plants is suitable. The flower is fed once a month using fertilizers that do not contain a large amount of nitrogen.

Pruning. Domestic euonymus needs constant pruning, as this plant grows quickly enough (annual growth can be 20 cm).

Propagation of euonymus bushes by cuttings

Most often, euonymus is propagated by green cuttings. They are cut at the beginning of summer from young, slightly lignified shoots. They are planted in mini greenhouses, in a mixture of nutritious soil and sand. Before planting, the cut is dusted with root. Rooting takes place in 2 months. If young seedlings are in the open field, then at the end of autumn they are carefully covered with non-woven material.

Diseases of the euonymus plant

In most cases, euonymus is affected fungal diseases... Leaf diseases:

• powdery mildew;
• white, brown, brown spotting;
• viral mosaic.

Diseases of branches and trunks:

• diaport necrosis;
• cucurbitar necrosis;
• phomopsis necrosis;
• tubercular necrosis;
• cytosporous necrosis.

To protect euonymus, it is necessary to use approved fungicides, while it is necessary to strictly monitor the timing of spraying and the rate of consumption of drugs.

Euonymus fruits - application

V folk medicine infusion is made from the fruits of euonymus. It can be used as:

• laxative;
• stimulant of sexual activity.

To prepare the infusion, you must use half a teaspoon of the fruit and 400 ml of boiling water.

When using the fruits of euonymus for treatment, it must be borne in mind that they are poisonous in their raw state.

Euonymus is widely used in gardening household plots, but it can grow well in conditions winter garden or an apartment. The decorative foliage of this plant will always delight the grower, but it's worth a little effort.

Watch a video about keeping Japanese spindle tree at home: