Homemade electric generator from an asynchronous motor. How to make a wind generator with your own hands How to make the simplest generator

Problem electrical networks in our country it is not so much that the electricity itself is permanently becoming more expensive, so much that in some corners it simply does not exist. This, in turn, necessitates the purchase of a generator.

And what to do?

Today the generator market is so wide that you can find any model you are interested in, up to one that is capable of providing energy to a small village.

This is good, of course, but the catch is that the cost of such devices sometimes reaches several monthly salaries. Therefore, the question arises: is it possible to make an electric generator with your own hands?

We use for this ... an old chainsaw

First of all, I would like to immediately note the fact that we will be considering the option with the maximum "exhaust", since it simply does not make sense to make a device on our own to provide a couple of three.

We believe that a chainsaw engine is best suited for this purpose, since a device based on it is quite simple to design and make with your own hands. Moreover, such an electric generator will easily provide an average electrician vacation home standard sizes.

What about the model?

We have decided on the device, now let's see which model of the chainsaw to choose. And if we take into account the fact which old saws are most widespread, then it is best to stop at Druzhba or Ural.

Where can I get a generator

Most the best option - this is an old generator from a KAMAZ truck, it is possible from any other agricultural machinery.

What are the requirements for old equipment

But, in principle, we will not need more than 1.5, since this is quite enough. The advantages of a generator from a car are, first of all, that the voltage in it is stable and maintained even in those cases when the engine speed is different - one thousand or one and a half thousand per minute.

A few words about the converter

Due to the reasons indicated by us earlier (revolutions are meant), the use of a conventional two hundred and twenty-volt motor is impossible. It is for this reason that our do-it-yourself electric generator additionally needs a converter. There are a great many such converters today, and it will not be difficult for you to find them.

About joining the structure

How to connect the whole structure together? Note that the best option in this case it is a specially selected plug-in unit. If required, it can be easily connected to the saw or dismantled in record time.

Therefore, such an electric generator will be mobile, you can take it with you, for example, on a hike, since there you will need all its many functions like nowhere else. Fastening as a whole can be carried out using one of the following options:

1. A special bracket, assembled with your own hands.
2. Used saw bar.

As for the connection, it is best to make it a belt, since the chain version makes too much noise during operation, moreover, it will periodically need lubrication. The belt should be selected in such a way that our device is as close as possible to the chainsaw.

Some other characteristics

The output of our generator must be connected to a battery, which will be suitable for its capacity. To do this, you must use an ammeter (thirty to forty amperes for this purpose will be more than enough).

The battery should be attached to the voltage converter described above.

We highly recommend that you also think about the presence of a voltmeter in the resulting structure, since there are a number of reasons for malfunctions that can lead to banal damage to a device so valuable to us.

How is the generator used

To begin with, we note that our do-it-yourself electric generator does not provide for any speed regulator. That is why we have to select the rpm on our own, but in such a way that the engine “growls” a little.

Let's not hide that this simple procedure will to some extent increase fuel consumption during operation. But in order to significantly facilitate the functioning of the mechanism, we need a battery with the appropriate capacity, which we talked about in one of the paragraphs earlier. At peak moments, when the load is extremely large, it is the battery that must take on the lion's share of the load.

Consequently, you will achieve a certain stability, which will have a positive effect not only on the strength of the output voltage, but also on the operation of the mechanism as a whole.

Advantages and disadvantages of do-it-yourself generators

From this point of view, a self-assembled electric generator has both advantages and disadvantages. But first, let's talk about the advantages:

1. the main advantage is the so-called "do it yourself", that is, the realization that you made the device yourself and you have something to be proud of;
2. the second advantage is the reduction in material costs. Having made a generator with your own hands, you will spend several times less money than you would have needed to purchase a factory device;
3. if all work is done correctly and professionally, then the generator will turn out to be very productive and reliable.

Now a few words and cons of this kind of device:

1. without the appropriate skills and knowledge, you can easily screw up the whole process, so it is better in this case to contact more experienced people in this regard;
2. that's all, we do not observe other shortcomings, and this is a rather positive moment.

So, today we have examined how the manufacture of an electric generator takes place on our own, and also examined the pros and cons of this device.

Also useful information here.

Video lesson on how to assemble an electric generator

It is difficult not to notice how the stability of electricity supply to suburban facilities differs from the supply of city buildings and enterprises with electricity. Admit that you, as the owner of a private house or summer cottage, have repeatedly encountered interruptions, inconveniences and damage to equipment associated with them.

The listed negative situations, together with the consequences, will cease to complicate the life of lovers of natural spaces. Moreover, with minimal labor and financial costs. To do this, you just need to do wind generator electricity, which we talk about in detail in the article.

We have described in detail the options for making a useful household system that eliminates energy dependence. According to our advice, an inexperienced home craftsman can build a wind generator with his own hands. The practical device will help you to significantly reduce your daily expenses.

Alternative energy sources are the dream of any summer resident or homeowner whose site is located far from central networks. However, getting bills for electricity consumed in a city apartment and looking at the increased tariffs, we realize that a wind generator created for domestic needs would not hurt us.

After reading this article, perhaps you will make your dream come true.

Wind generator - perfect solution to provide a suburban facility with electricity. Moreover, in some cases, its installation is the only possible way out.

In order not to waste money, effort and time, let's decide: are there any external circumstances that will create obstacles for us in the process of operating a wind generator?

To provide a summer cottage or a small cottage with electricity, it is enough, the power of which does not exceed 1 kW. Such devices in Russia are equated to household products. Their installation does not require certificates, permissions or any additional approvals.

The principle of operation of the wind turbine

A wind generator or wind turbine (WPP) is a device that is used to convert the kinetic energy of a wind flow into mechanical energy. The resulting mechanical energy rotates the rotor and is converted into the electrical form we need.

The principle of operation and the device are described in detail in the article, which we recommend to read.

The wind turbine includes:

• blades forming a propeller,
• rotating turbine rotor,
• the generator axis and the generator itself,
• an inverter that converts alternating current to direct current used to charge batteries,
• battery.

The essence of the wind turbine device is simple. During the rotation of the rotor, a three-phase alternating current is generated, which then passes through the controller and charges the battery direct current... Then the inverter converts the current so that it can be consumed by powering the lighting, radio, TV, microwave, and so on.

The detailed design of a wind generator with a horizontal axis of rotation allows you to well imagine which elements contribute to the conversion of kinetic energy into mechanical energy, and then into electrical energy

In general, the principle of operation of a wind generator of any type and design is as follows: in the process of rotation, there are three types of force effects on the blades: braking, impulse and lifting.

This scheme of work of a wind turbine allows you to understand what happens to the electricity produced by the operation of a wind generator: part of it is accumulated, and the other is consumed

The last two forces overcome the braking force and set the flywheel in motion. On the stationary part of the generator, the rotor forms a magnetic field so that the electric current flows through the wires.

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Classification of types of energy generators

There are several criteria by which wind turbines are classified. How to choose the best device for suburban property is described in detail in one of our website.

So, wind turbines differ in:

• the number of blades in the propeller;
• materials for making blades;
• the location of the axis of rotation relative to the earth's surface;
• step sign of the screw.

There are models with one, two, three blades and multi-bladed.

Products with a large number blades begin to rotate even with a slight wind. Usually they are used in such works, when the process of rotation itself is more important than generating electricity. For example, to extract water from deep wellbores.

It turns out that the blades of a wind generator can be made not only from solid materials, but also from affordable fabric.

The blades can be sail or rigid. Sailing products are much cheaper than rigid ones, which are made of metal or fiberglass. But they have to be repaired very often: they are fragile.

As for the location of the axis of rotation relative to the earth's surface, there are also horizontal models. And in this case, each variety has its own advantages: the vertical ones are more sensitive to every breath of wind, but the horizontal ones are more powerful.

Wind turbines are divided according to step characteristics into models with fixed and variable steps. The variable pitch allows you to significantly increase the rotational speed, but such an installation is distinguished by a complex and massive design. Wind turbines with a fixed pitch are simpler and more reliable.

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Rotary wind turbine

Let's figure out how to make a simple windmill with a vertical rotary axis of rotation of the rotary type with our own hands. Such a model may well meet the needs for electricity. garden house, various outbuildings, as well as highlight in dark time days adjoining territory and garden paths.

The blades of this rotor-type plant with a vertical axis of rotation are clearly made of elements cut from a metal barrel.

Our goal is to manufacture a wind turbine with a maximum power of 1.5 kW.

For this we need the following elements and materials:

• 12 V car generator;
• 12 V helium or acid battery;
• semi-hermetic switch of the "button" type for 12 V;
• converter 700 W - 1500 W and 12V - 220V;
• a bucket, a large pot or other large container made of stainless steel or aluminum;
• automotive relay of a control lamp of charge or battery charging;
• car voltmeter (any is possible);
• bolts with nuts and washers;
• wires with a cross section of 4 square mm and 2.5 square mm;
• two clamps for securing the generator to the mast.

In the process of performing the work, we will need a grinder or scissors for metal, a construction pencil or marker, a tape measure, nippers, a drill, a drill, keys and a screwdriver.

A controller for a system that generates electricity can also be assembled by hand. The rules and schemes of manufacturing will be introduced in the article, with the content of which we advise you to familiarize yourself.

The initial stage of manufacturing the installation

We start making a homemade windmill by taking a large cylindrical metal container. Usually, an old boil, a bucket or a saucepan is used for this purpose. It is she who will be the basis for our future wind turbine.

Using a tape measure and a construction pencil (marker), we will apply the markup: we will divide our container into four equal parts.

When making cuts in accordance with the instructions contained in the text, in no case do not cut through the metal to the end.

The metal will have to be cut. To do this, you can use a grinder. It is not used for cutting containers made of galvanized steel or painted sheet metal, because this type of metal will necessarily overheat. For such cases, it is better to use scissors. We cut out the blades, but do not cut them to the very end.

Simultaneously with the continuation of work on the capacity, we will redo the generator pulley. In the bottom of the former pan and in the pulley, you need to outline and drill holes for the bolts. Work at this stage must be treated with the utmost care: all holes must be located symmetrically so that no imbalance occurs during the rotation of the installation.

This is how the blades of another design with a vertical axis of rotation look. Each blade is made separately, and then assembled into a common device

Bend the blades so that they do not stick out too much. When we do this part of the work, be sure to take into account in which direction the generator will rotate.

Usually the direction of its rotation is oriented clockwise. The bending angle of the blades affects the area of \u200b\u200baction of the air currents and the speed of rotation of the propeller.

Now you need to fix a bucket with blades prepared for work on the pulley. We install the generator on the mast, fixing it with clamps. It remains to connect the wires and assemble the circuit. Prepare to write down the wiring diagram, wire colors and pin markings. Later, it will certainly come in handy. We fix the wires on the device mast.

To connect the battery, you need to use wires with a cross section of 4 mm². It is enough to take a segment with a length of 1 meter. This is enough.

And in order to connect a load to the network, which includes, for example, lighting and electrical devices, wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm² are enough. We install the inverter (converter). This will also require a 4 mm² wire.

Advantages and disadvantages of a rotary windmill model

If you did everything carefully and consistently, then this wind generator will work successfully. At the same time, no problems will arise during its operation.

If you use a 1000 W converter and a 75A battery, this installation will provide electricity and video surveillance devices, and burglar alarm and even street lighting.

The advantages of this model are as follows:

• economical;
• elements can be easily exchanged for new ones or repaired;
• special conditions for functioning are not needed;
• reliable in operation;
• provides complete acoustic comfort.

There are also disadvantages, but there are not so many of them: the performance of this device is not very high, and it has a significant dependence on sudden gusts of wind. Air currents can simply disrupt an impromptu propeller.

In order to accurately select the model of a wind generator of the required power, before starting work, we advise using the formulas given in the recommended article.

Assembly of axial wind turbine on neodymium magnets

Since neodymium magnets appeared in Russia relatively recently, axial wind generators with ironless stators began to be made not so long ago.

The appearance of magnets caused a rush of demand, but gradually the market became saturated, and the cost of this product began to decline. It became available to craftsmen, who immediately adapted it to their various needs.

Axial wind turbine based on neodymium magnets with a horizontal axis of rotation is a more complex design that requires not only skill, but also certain knowledge

If you have a hub from an old car with brake discs, then we will take it as the basis for the future axial generator.

It is assumed that this part is not new, but already used. In this case, it is necessary to disassemble it, check and lubricate the bearings, thoroughly clean off sediment deposits and all rust. Don't forget to paint the finished generator.

A hub with brake discs, as a rule, goes to craftsmen as one of the components of an old car that has gone to junk, so it needs to be thoroughly cleaned

Distributing and securing magnets

Neodymium magnets should be glued to the rotor discs. For our work, we will take 20 magnets 25x8mm.

Of course, you can use a different number of poles, but the following rules must be observed: the number of magnets and poles in a single-phase generator must be the same, but if we are talking about a three-phase model, then the ratio of poles to coils must be 2/3 or 4/3 ...

When placing the magnets, the poles alternate. It's important not to be wrong. If you are not sure if you are placing the elements correctly, make a hint template or apply sectors directly to the disk itself.

If you have a choice, buy rectangular rather than round magnets. IN rectangular models the magnetic field is concentrated along the entire length, and in round ones - in the center.

The opposing magnets must have different poles. You won't confuse anything if you use a marker to mark them with minus or plus signs. To identify the poles, take the magnets and bring them close to each other.

If surfaces attract, put a plus on them, if they repel, then mark them with minuses. Alternate poles when placing magnets on disks.

The magnets are installed in compliance with the rule of alternation of policies, along the outer and inner perimeters there are plasticine sides: the product is ready for filling with epoxy resin

To securely fix the magnet, you need to use high-quality and strongest glue.

Epoxy can be used to enhance the secure hold. It should be diluted as indicated in the instructions, and filled with a disc. The resin should cover the entire disc, but not drain from it. You can prevent the possibility of dripping if you wrap the disc with tape or make temporary plasticine fences made of polymer strip around its perimeter.

Single-phase and three-phase generators

If we compare single-phase and three-phase stators, then the latter will be better. A single-phase generator vibrates under load. The reason for the vibration is the difference in the amplitude of the current, which arises due to its inconsistent return at a time.

The three-phase model does not have such a drawback. It differs in constant power due to phases compensating each other: when the current rises in one, it falls in the other.

According to the testing results, the return of the three-phase model is almost 50% higher than that of the single-phase model. Another advantage of this model is that in the absence of unnecessary vibration, the acoustic comfort is increased when the device operates under load.

That is, the three-phase generator practically does not buzz during its operation. When vibration is reduced, the life of the device is logically increased.

In the struggle between three-phase and single-phase devices, the three-phase one invariably wins, because it does not buzz so much during operation and lasts longer than a single-phase

Coil winding rules

If you ask a specialist, he will say that before winding the coils, you need to perform a careful calculation. The practitioner will rely on his intuition in this matter.

We chose a not too fast generator option. Our procedure for charging a twelve-volt battery should start at 100-150 rpm. Such initial data requires that the total number of turns of all coils is 1000-1200 pieces. It remains for us to divide this figure between all the coils and determine how many turns there will be on each.

A wind turbine at low speeds can be more powerful if the number of poles is increased. In this case, the frequency of current oscillations in the coils will increase. If a larger wire is used to wind the coils, the resistance will decrease and the current will increase. Don't overlook the fact that higher voltages can “consume” current due to winding resistance.

The winding process can be made easier and more efficient if you use a special machine for this purpose.

It is not at all necessary to do such a routine process as winding coils manually. A bit of ingenuity and an excellent machine tool that easily copes with winding is already there

The performance of homemade generators is greatly influenced by the thickness and number of magnets that are located on the disks. The total final power can be calculated by winding one coil and then spinning it in the generator. The future power of the generator is determined by measuring the voltage at specific no-load rpm.

Let's give an example. With a resistance of 3 ohms and 200 rpm, 30 volts are output. If you subtract 12 volts of battery voltage from this result, you get 18 volts. We divide this result by 3 ohms and we get 6 amperes. The volume is 6 amperes and goes to the battery. Of course, in the calculation we did not take into account the losses in the wires and on the diode bridge: the actual result will be less than the calculated one.

Usually the coils are made round. But, if you stretch them a little, then you get more copper in the sector and the turns will be straighter. If we compare the size of the magnet and the diameter of the inner hole of the coils, then they must match each other, or the size of the magnet may be slightly smaller.

Already finished coils must correspond in size to magnets: they must be slightly larger than magnets or equal to them.

The thickness of the stator that we are making has to correlate correctly with the thickness of the magnets. If the stator is made larger by increasing the number of turns in the coils, the disk space will increase, and the magnetic flux will decrease. The result may be as follows: the same voltage is formed, but, due to the increased resistance of the coils, we will get a lower current.

Plywood is used to make the mold for the stator. However, the sectors for the coils can be marked on paper using plasticine as borders.

If fiberglass is placed on top of the coils at the bottom of the mold, the strength of the product will increase. Before applying epoxy resin you need to grease the form with petroleum jelly or wax, then the resin will not stick to the form. Some people use tape or film instead of lubricant.

The coils are fixed between themselves motionless. In this case, the ends of the phases are brought out. The six outside wires should be connected with a star or delta. Rotating assembled generator hand, test it. If the voltage is 40 V, then the current will be approximately 10 amperes.

Final assembly of the device

The length of the finished mast should be approximately 6-12 meters. With such parameters, its base must be concreted. The windmill itself will be attached to the top of the mast.

So that it can be reached in the event of a breakdown, it is necessary to provide at the base of the mast special mountwhich will allow the pipe to be raised and lowered using a hand winch.

The mast with a wind generator attached to it rises high, but the prudent master made a special device that allows, if necessary, to lower the structure to the ground

To make a screw, you can use a PVC pipe with a diameter of 160 mm. It will be used to cut a two-meter propeller, consisting of six blades, from its surface. It is better to develop the shape of the blades yourself empirically... The goal is to increase torque at low revs.

Protect the propeller from too strong wind. A folding tail is used to solve this problem. The generated energy is stored in batteries.

To the attention of our readers, we have provided two options for wind turbines, made by hand for 220 V, which enjoy increased attention not only of owners of suburban real estate, but also of ordinary summer residents.

Both wind turbine models are efficient in their own way. These devices are able to demonstrate especially good results in steppe areas with frequent and strong winds. They are efficient enough to be used in an organization and in the supply of electricity. And they are not so difficult to build with your own hands.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

This video shows an example of a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation. The author of the device explains in detail the nuances of the design of the installation made by hand, draws the attention of the audience to mistakes that can be made in the process self-made a wind generator, gives practical advice.

Please note that it is not easy to reach a device that is raised to a decent height. Reinstalling such a wind turbine will most likely be problematic. Therefore, the folding structure of the mast in this case will not be superfluous.

This video shows a rotary windmill with a vertical axis of rotation. This installation is not high, made in an original way and is distinguished by high sensitivity: even a slight wind sets the blades of the device in motion.

If you live in an area where winds are not considered a rare phenomenon, the use of this particular source of alternative energy may be the most effective for you. The above examples of self-manufacturing wind turbines prove that making them with your own hands is not so difficult. Wind energy is a publicly available and renewable resource that can and should be used.

We invite visitors interested in the topic of the article to express their opinion in the comments and ask questions that have arisen in the course of familiarization with the material.

Many newbies electricians are interested in one very popular question - how to make electricity free and at the same time autonomous. Very often, for example, when going out into the countryside, there is a catastrophic lack of an outlet to recharge the phone or turn on the lamp. In this case, a homemade thermoelectric module, assembled on the basis of a Peltier element, will help you. With the help of such a device, you can generate a current of up to 5 Volts, which is quite enough to charge the device and connect the lamp. Next, we will tell you how to make a thermoelectric generator with your own hands, providing a simple master class in pictures and with a video example!

Briefly about the principle of action

So that in the future you understand why certain parts are needed when assembling a home-made thermoelectric generator, first let's talk about the device of the Peltier element and how it works. This module consists of thermocouples connected in series between ceramic plates, as shown in the picture below.

When an electric current passes through such a circuit, the so-called Peltier effect occurs - one side of the module heats up, and the other cools down. Why do we need it? Everything is very simple, if you act in the reverse order: heat one side of the plate and cool the other, respectively, you can generate electricity of small voltage and current. We hope that at this stage everything is clear, so we turn to master classes that will clearly show what and how to make a thermoelectric generator with our own hands.

Assembly workshop

So, we found on the Internet very detailed and at the same time simple instruction on assembling a home-made electricity generator based on a furnace and a Peltier element. First, you need to prepare the following materials:

• The Peltier element itself with the parameters: maximum current 10 A, voltage 15 Volt, dimensions 40 * 40 * 3.4 mm. Marking - TEC 1-12710.
• Old power supply from a computer (only a case is needed from it).
• Voltage stabilizer with the following specifications: input voltage 1-5 Volts, output - 5 Volts. In this instruction for the assembly of a thermoelectric generator, a module with a USB output is used, which will simplify the process of recharging a modern phone or tablet.
• Radiator. You can take it from the processor immediately with a cooler, as shown in the photo.
• Thermal paste.

Having prepared all the materials, you can proceed to making the device yourself. So, to make it clearer for you how to make a generator yourself, we provide step-by-step master class with pictures and detailed explanation:

The thermoelectric generator works as follows: you fill up the wood inside the oven, set it on fire and wait a few minutes until one side of the plate heats up. To recharge the phone, the difference between the temperatures different sides was about 100 o C. If the cooling part (radiator) will heat up, it must be cooled by all possible methods - gently pour water on it, put a mug of ice on it, etc.

And here is a video that clearly shows how a homemade wood-fired electric generator works:

Generating electricity from fire

You can also install a computer fan on the cold side, as shown in the second version of a homemade thermoelectric generator with a Peltier element:

In this case, the cooler will consume a small fraction of the power of the generator set, but in the end the system will have a higher efficiency. In addition to telephone charging, the Peltier module can be used as a source of electricity for LEDs, which is no less useful option generator applications. By the way, the second version of a homemade thermoelectric generator looks a bit similar in appearance and design. The only upgrade, apart from the cooling system, is the ability to adjust the height of the so-called burner. For this, the author of the element uses the "body" of the CD-ROM (one of the photos clearly shows how you can make the structure yourself).

If you make a thermoelectric generator with your own hands using this technique, you can have up to 8 Volts of voltage at the output, so in order to charge the phone, do not forget to connect a converter, which will leave only 5 V at the output.

Well, the last version of a homemade source of electricity for a home can be represented by the following scheme: an element - two aluminum "bricks", copper pipe (water cooling) and hotplate. The result is an efficient generator that allows you to generate free electricity at home!

Coziness and comfort in modern housing largely depends on the stable supply of electrical energy. Uninterrupted power supply is achieved different ways, among which it is considered quite effective homemade generator asynchronous type, made at home. A well-made device allows you to solve many everyday problems, starting from the production alternating current and ending with providing power to inverter welding machines.

The principle of operation of an electric generator

Asynchronous generators are AC devices capable of generating electrical energy... The principle of operation of these devices is similar to the operation of asynchronous motors, therefore they have a different name - induction electric generators. Compared to these units, the rotor turns much faster, respectively, the rotation speed becomes higher. An ordinary asynchronous AC motor can be used as a generator, which does not require any circuit conversions or additional settings.

The switching on of a single-phase asynchronous generator is carried out under the action of the incoming voltage, which requires connecting the device to a power source. Some models use series capacitors to provide independent work due to self-excitation.

In most cases, generators require some kind of external propulsion device that generates mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical current. The most commonly used are gasoline or diesel engines, as well as wind and hydraulic power plants. Regardless of the source of the driving force, all power generators consist of two main elements - a stator and a rotor. The stator is in a stationary position, allowing the rotor to move. Its metal blocks allow you to adjust the level electromagnetic field... This field is created by the rotor due to the action of magnets at an equidistant distance from the core.

However, as already noted, the cost of even the smallest devices remains high and out of reach for many consumers. Therefore, the only way out is to assemble the current generator with your own hands, and pre-lay all the necessary parameters in it. But, this is not at all simple task, especially for those who are poorly versed in circuits and do not have the skills to work with tools. Home master must have specific experience in the manufacture of such devices. In addition, all necessary elements, parts and spare parts with the required parameters and technical characteristics. Homemade devices are successfully used in everyday life, despite the fact that in many respects they are significantly inferior to factory products.

Benefits of asynchronous generators

In accordance with the rotation of the rotor, all generators are divided into devices of the synchronous and asynchronous type. Synchronous models have more complex design, increased sensitivity to line voltage drops, which reduces their efficiency. Asynchronous aggregates have no such disadvantages. They are distinguished by a simplified operating principle and excellent technical characteristics.

The synchronous generator has a rotor with magnetic coils, which significantly complicates the movement process. In an asynchronous device, this part resembles an ordinary flywheel. The design features affect the efficiency. In synchronous generators, efficiency losses are up to 11%, and in asynchronous ones - only 5%. Therefore, the most effective will be a home-made generator from an asynchronous motor, which has other advantages:

• The simple housing design protects the motor from moisture ingress. This reduces the need for too frequent maintenance.
• Higher resistance to voltage surges, the presence of a rectifier at the output, which protects connected devices and equipment from breakdowns.
• Asynchronous generators provide efficient power for welding machines, incandescent lamps, computer technologysensitive to voltage surges.

Thanks to these advantages and a long service life, asynchronous generators, even those assembled at home, provide uninterrupted and efficient power supply. appliances, equipment, lighting and other important areas.

Preparing materials and assembling the generator yourself

Before starting the assembly of the generator, you need to prepare everything necessary materials and details. First of all, you need an electric motor, which can be made on your own. However, this is a very laborious process, therefore, in order to save time, it is recommended to remove the required unit from the old non-working equipment. Water pumps are also best suited. The stator must be assembled with a finished winding. A rectifier or transformer may be needed to equalize the output current. Also, you need to prepare electrical wireas well as electrical tape.

Before making a generator from an electric motor, it is necessary to calculate the power of the future device. For this purpose, the engine is connected to the network to determine the rotational speed using a tachometer. 10% is added to the result. This increase is a compensatory value that prevents excessive heating of the engine during operation. The capacitors are selected according to the planned generator capacity using a special table.

In connection with the production of the unit electric current, it is imperative to ground it. Due to the lack of grounding and poor-quality insulation, the generator will not only quickly fail, but also become dangerous to human life. The assembly itself is not particularly difficult. Capacitors are connected to the finished engine in turn, in accordance with the diagram. The result is a do-it-yourself 220V alternator low powersufficient to supply electricity to a grinder, an electric drill, circular saw and other similar equipment.

During the operation of the finished device, the following features must be taken into account:

• It is required to constantly monitor the engine temperature to avoid overheating.
• During operation, a decrease in the efficiency of the generator is observed depending on the duration of its operation. Therefore, periodically the unit needs breaks so that its temperature drops to 40-45 degrees.
• In the absence of automatic control, this procedure must be periodically performed independently using an ammeter, voltmeter and other measuring instruments.

Is of great importance right choice equipment, calculation of its main indicators and technical characteristics... It is desirable to have drawings and diagrams that greatly facilitate the assembly of the generator device.

Pros and cons of a homemade generator

Self-assembly of an electric generator saves significant cash... In addition, a self-assembled generator will have the planned parameters and meet all technical requirements.

However, such devices have a number of serious disadvantages:

• Possible frequent breakdowns unit due to the impossibility of hermetically connecting all the main parts.
• Malfunction of the generator, a significant decrease in its productivity as a result of incorrect connection and inaccurate power calculations.
• Working with homemade devices certain skills and care are required.

Nevertheless, a home-made 220V generator is quite suitable as an alternative option for an uninterrupted power supply. Even low-power devices are able to ensure the operation of basic devices and equipment, maintaining the proper level of comfort in a private house or apartment.

Electric generator source of alternative energy

It is worth clarifying the definition “ electric generator". Most have associations with gasoline or diesel generatorsbuilt on the basis of an internal combustion engine. Of course, a do-it-yourself electric generator, an indispensable component of a car, and household power plants based on an internal combustion engine are the most common industrial designs. By definition, an electric generator is a device that converts different kinds energy into electrical.

The energy of the atom at home cannot be used (not on the same scale). The energy of the sun, wind, moving water and thermal energy (ICE) to use on forces.

Electric generator and solar energy

Solar battery - an alternative source of energy, not very powerful, but as an auxiliary (backup) system is already quite widespread.

It directly generates electricity that is used to charge the battery. Of course, the power plant operates during the day and the power depends on the length of the daylight hours. If you look at the map of insolation of Russia, you can see that the duration of the "sunshine" in half of the territory is from 1700 to 2000 hours per year, and in the southern regions (surprisingly, in Yakutsk) more than 2000 hours.

The efficiency of such batteries ranges from 9% to 25% of the declared power (depending on the type of element), the most common are models with an efficiency of 14-19%. If you do not go into distinctive features batteries, in most cases, to get 1 kW of electricity, a panel with an area of \u200b\u200b7 to 10 sq. m. And now you can multiply by the number of hours of sunshine and get a good figure for annual savings ...

What else are good solar panels - ease of installation. If you do not mount the system according to the "sunflower" principle, with a rotation relative to the position of the sun, then the scheme of a solar generator is very simple.

Electric generator and solar battery

DIY electric generator: the location of the stationary battery

for year-round operation it should be + 15 ° to latitude, for summer months it should be subtracted 15 ° from latitude. Although for small systems it is possible to increase the power up to 50% by tracking the azimuth of the sun, since the deviation of the battery from the perpendicular of the sun beam by no more than 15 ° gives 99% solar radiation. The height of the sun does not need to be tracked as it mostly falls within a 30 ° range. The main thing is to take all this into account when installing the battery, for example, on a pitched roof.

Solar panels

In addition to stationary systems, you can buy or make with your own hands a portable solar power plant, the power of which will be enough to recharge a phone or tablet somewhere in nature.

Mobile electric generator

Electric generator and wind power

Wind is another environmentally friendly form of energy. But if solar energy it is simple (from the point of view of the end user) to be converted into electricity using photocells, then a wind power generator is a complex engineering structure, requiring a whole range of works. In fact, at home, you need to repeat the industrial installation.

Wind power generator

The main components: engine - multiplier (gearbox) - DC generator - battery charge controller - battery - voltage converter.

A wind turbine, or wind wheel, can be with a horizontally oriented axis and a vertical one. In the first case, this is the familiar (and most common) propeller design.

Horizontal wind generator

The vertical axis is wind turbines based on a Darrieus or Savonius rotor. Of the two, making an electric generator with your own hands is easier according to the second option.

Vertical wind generator

DIY electric generator: each scheme has its own advantages.

Vertical-axial ones have an efficiency of no more than 15%, but they also have a much lower noise level, and the Savonius rotor is quite simple from the point of view of a wind turbine. In addition, this type is less dependent on wind strength and does not require orientation relative to the direction of the air flow.

Horizontally axial modifications have a higher efficiency, but require orientation relative to the direction of the air flow (with a weather vane, or a shovel) and protection from strong winds. In addition, they are quite noisy, not only due to aerodynamic noise, but also mechanical ones (after all, the support bearing is “noisy”). Plus, you need a big propeller to generate decent power. But nevertheless, it is this type that is used in almost all industrial designs.

Now about the propeller, its size and the number of blades. There is already a strictly verified, including empirically, table of the dependence of the power of the installation on the wind speed, blade size and their number.

In order not to be confused with fractions, it is worth giving a simple alignment at a wind speed of 4 m (the efficiency of the horizontal "windmill" is 0.35, the efficiency of the generator is 0.9, the gearbox is 0.8):

• diameter 2 m: 2 blades - 10 watts, 3 blades - 15 watts, 4 blades - 20 watts, 6 blades - 30 watts, 8 blades - 40 watts;
• diameter 4 m: 2 blades - 40 watts, 3 blades - 60 watts, 4 blades - 80 watts, 6 blades - about 120 watts.

In principle, with increasing diameter, the dependence is not entirely linear, but general idea gives. To get 500 watts at a wind speed of 4 m per second, the diameter of the wind wheel for 2 blades is 14 m, 3 blades - 11.48 m, 4 blades - 9.94.

• Why were 4 meters per second chosen for the calculation?

As a rule, for middle band In Russia, this indicator is the ceiling for average monthly values. For example, for Moscow and the region, the average monthly wind speed during 2012 generally fluctuates around 2.5 m / s. So when choosing a wind power generator, you should first inquire about the statistics in the region, and then calculate whether it is worthwhile to strain, but if there are available materials and components, then why not make such a device.

Now about the blades - the most crucial moment. Sailing blades (like those of old windmills) have low efficiency, so aerodynamic ones are needed, like an airplane wing.

You can even carve them out of wood, although many craftsmen cut plastic pipe... But here there are nuances.
With a small number of blades, it is more difficult to balance them and vibration is also possible. A wind wheel with 2-3 blades refers to high-speed, linear speed at strong wind at the end of the blade it can reach up to 200 m / s (the bullet of the Makarov pistol is 400 m / s, and the bullet speed of the Saint-Etienne dueling pistol of the 1835 model is 168 m / s).

Plastic is a brittle material, it can crack at high speed in the presence of vibration. Therefore, it is best to use more "slow" wind wheels with 6 blades and a diameter of 2-3 meters for making a wind generator with your own hands.

Wind generator

And to make them take PVC pipe for pressure water supply with a wall thickness of 4 mm. We cut out the blades, grind their edges and grind them to obtain the required aerodynamic characteristics.

• Then a "star" is made of sheet steel to assemble the propeller.

After installing the blades, the wind wheel must be balanced. To do this, it is installed in closed room on a vertical support with the axis level strictly horizontally and ensure that the wheel does not turn arbitrarily at any position of the blades, otherwise vibrations will occur.

Simultaneously with balancing, the position of the blades in space relative to the vertical is checked. For this, a fixed reference point is used at the lower (or upper) point, determining the distance from this point to each blade when it is opposite it.

Unfortunately, without the use of a factory electric generator or DC motor, it will not be possible to make a wind generator.

Theoretically, it can be made, but why ... You can always find and buy a low-speed DC electric motor with permanent magnets and a voltage of up to 100 V. You can also install a car motor, but it requires high speeds, and therefore a gearbox. You can choose a bicycle motor that has a maximum power of 250 watts at 200 rps, at 24 V (enough with a margin).

After the propeller and the choice of the generator, it is necessary to make a frame with reliable design (after all, the "plane" is on a leash).
Then make a swivel unit attached to the frame and carrying the wind wheel and generator, with a brush collector (if it is possible to pick up a factory one, then it is better to use it).

And to protect against the hurricane wind, install a movable side shovel with a spring tie on the hinge. In strong winds, the spring force will not be sufficient to align the shovel perpendicular to the blades. And the wind force will simply turn the blades along the direction of the wind. When normal speed flow, the spring will rotate the blades perpendicular to the shovel.

It remains to assemble the structure: the propeller to the generator, the generator to the frame, the frame to the frame, a shovel is attached to it on a stretch, the frame to swivel mechanism, the generator to the current collector, and already from it there are wires to the electrical part.

This whole structure is mounted on a mast.

The electrical part of the wind generator is the simplest: the diode bridge is connected to the battery through the fuses and the voltage controller, and the voltage is distributed further from it. Constant - for powering devices with the appropriate type of power supply. And to obtain alternating current, a voltage converter is used.