Street coverage of the local area. Who is responsible for the lighting of courtyards and the local area

Outdoor lighting plays a very large role in the infrastructure of any settlements. It is especially important for urban areas. Moreover, it is necessary to pay out to street coverage of the local area.

Outdoor coverage of the territory near the house

Lighting of the local area should be based not only on the law established by the authorities, but also on the relevant requirements and norms. About what should be known in this case, will tell you today's article.

House territory and its features

The local area is the honor of the land plot, which is adjacent to the apartment building.

Note! According to the Law of the Russian Federation, the property or use of the owner of a concrete apartment building is applied to the local household territory.

Part of the courtyard near the house

As the Law of the Russian Federation speaks about city land plots, the composition of the national property in the framework of the local area includes:

• the land plot on which the house was erected on a lot of apartments. Borders for the land plot of an apartment building are indicated in the state cadastral accounting;
• elements of landscaping, improvement (lighting systems);
• other objects that are intended for servicing this house. There may be thermal points, various transformer substations, as well as garages or collective parking lots, playgrounds. But all the described objects must be within the boundaries of the land plot installed by the cadastr.

Therefore, in order to understand the real boundaries of the spike territory, which the law of the country is talking about, you need to have detailed information about this land plot. For this, it is necessary to apply to the appropriate authority of state cadastral accounting. Here they give out the cadastral statement of a particular land plot. This discharge must contain the following data:

• size and borders of the local area;
• information about the owner.

As the owner, i.e. One who is responsible for this territory can act:

• city (municipality);
• the right to use is provided to owners of this apartment building;
• outdoor territory owned by the owners of the house.

Any delimitation of powers conducted between tenants (users) and the city (owners) must be enshrined in a special agreement, as the law says.

Note! The law also says who pays for coverage of the territory around an apartment building.

Lighting the yard

A copy of the contract should be kept in your HOA or management company, as well as in the local administration.
The signed agreement for the right to ownership of urban areas contains the following information:

• conditions of operation of the land plot (lighting, etc.);
• right and responsibility for renting territories to third parties.

But in a situation where owners of an apartment building belong to the area of \u200b\u200bownership of the local house, there are certain nuances.

Features of the ownership of the local territory tenants

In a situation where his tenants are in the role of owners of the land plot around the apartment building, the law will contain the following points:

• in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, it is indicated that residents of urban homes for a large number of apartments are obliged to pay for the costs that are on the content of common property, inclusive of the outdoor lighting system, commensurate its share in the right of common property. This means that the municipality is not only paying for street lighting;

Note! The share in the right of common property will be proportional to the total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, which belongs to a person with ownership.

• according to the Housing Code, the owners are obliged to choose one of the options for managing a multi-apartment house. This may be the management of HOA, managing a specific organization or other specialized consumer cooperative.

As a result, the responsibility in this situation will be assumed to one of the above-listed persons. Therefore, before requiring the installation of high-quality lighting of the given territory, it is necessary to establish not only that the law speaks, but also who has the right to ownership of this land plot and is responsible for him (who pays, repairs, etc.). As they say in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the entire cost of servicing the street lighting system is included in utility services, as well as the structure of the residential premises.

What else should be known about the local area and its backlight

The law (for example, the Housing Code, etc.) argues that outdoor and internal coverage of urban infrastructures (apartment buildings, house territory, etc.) should be based on their organization for certain norms and requirements. All the rules installed for urban local land plots are prescribed, as well as internal premises, in SNiP. Here, first of all, on the issue of organizing street lighting, the role of lighting levels is assigned.

Loading norms of the local area

The fact is that each object of the local area (entrance, driving road, flowerbeds, etc.) must have their own specific level of illumination, which is based on both the purpose of the object and the visual system of the person. This means that the backlight of each object of the railway area should not cause discomfort at the observer, as well as create full lighting.
This means that when organizing the outer illumination of the courtyard of urban apartment buildings, branched for these structures (defined by the municipality) should be based on the norm established in SNiP. Moreover, to underestimate the level of illumination below the established boundaries is strictly prohibited.

Requirements for the organization of the court lighting

The regulatory documentation (SNiP) contains all the requirements that must be observed and adhere to the organization of outdoor coverage of the local area of \u200b\u200bany apartment building. To today, as the law says (Housing Code of the Russian Federation and other documents), the following requirements include:

• the backlight must be organized for any entrance. This means that the entrance to the entrance should be covered in the dark;

Lighting an entrance

• the number of fixtures installed along the roadway should be such that the light comes from them is not lower than the installed level of illumination;

Note! The management company or other organizations responsible for organizing outdoor lighting, on the basis of the level of illumination, determine the style of lanterns, restriction of them by functionality, etc.

• high-quality and full illumination should be organized for road linen, as well as playgrounds and parking spaces.

The achievement of the required level of lighting in different areas of urban can be achieved in the following ways:

• installing wall lights over the entrance to the entrance. At the same time, the height of the placement of the lanterns may be different. The higher the lantern is and more powerful the light in it, the more there will be a circle of light formed by the lighting device;
• lantern pillars placed along the carriageway. With the help of such lanterns, which are placed on the top of the post, you can highlight all the areas of the yard: playgrounds, parking spaces, sidewalks and a driving part.

For the optimal outdoor backlight of the local house of the apartment building, it is worth using both lighting options: facade wall lamps and lamppost poles. In such a situation, it is possible to achieve an optimal level of the illumination of the yard at minimal costs that will be balanced by economy sources of light, as well as the number of lanterns and wall lamps. In this case, the darkened areas of the territory can be avoided with a high probability.

Features of food outdoor lighting

For urban apartment buildings as a source of outdoor lighting system, the building of the apartment building is used.

Lighting in the courtyard high-rise

To take into account the consumed electricity in this situation, a common electric meter is used. In this regard, expenses will be distributed to all owners. In this regard, to reduce the costs of this article to illuminate streets and courtyards, located near apartment buildings began to install economical light sources: luminescent, gas-discharge and LED light bulbs. From this list of maximum electricity savings can be achieved using LED light sources.
Some believe that it is possible to reduce the cost of payment of the outdoor electricity lighting system using motion sensors.

Motion Sensor

These devices showed high efficiency at home, but on the street as an element of a system of outdoor illumination of the apartment territory of an apartment building, they demonstrated a less successful result. The fact is that here the operation of the motion sensors will not be completely correct. This is due to the fact that at least the time to turn on the lighting and can be programmed depending on the natural level of illumination, the device can react to the flight of birds or moving pets. As a result, the frequency of false positives in those moments when the light is not needed, will be several times higher.

Note! The frequent switching on and off of light is often more negative for the external lightweight power grid than the constant light.

Modern lighting instruments of HOA and the HCC, equipped with photocells, are definitely deprived of the above problems, as there are several modes of operation (for example, duty).

Additional features of external lighting

Since the lighting devices of the outer backlight of the local area of \u200b\u200bany apartment building can be located within the reach of human reach, without the use of additional funds (for example, stairs), then additional protection of the lamps from the vandals is needed. In this regard, all lighting plants located on the territory of the apartment building should be equipped with anti-vandal devices.

Anti-vandal defense of the lamp

It will prevent premature damage to the lamp.

Conclusion

It is necessary to approach the organization of lighting at the local area of \u200b\u200bany apartment building not only taking into account the letter of the law, but also the rules that need to be adhered to. This will allow quality to highlight the house and spend the minimum of strength, time and money to support this system.

On a note

The rating of the information openness of the official sites of the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation in 2012: 1. Federal Communications Agency. 2. Federal Service for Supervision in Communication, Information Technologies and Mass Communications. 3. Ministry of Education and Science. 4. Federal Road Agency. 5. Federal Archival Agency. 6. Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation. 7. Federal Tariff Service. 8. Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Elimination. 9. Ministry of Communications and Mass Communications. 10. Federal Bailiff Service.

Replies Denis Radchenko, Head of the Treaty and Legal Department of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations:

First of all, it is necessary to find out what instance is responsible.

Outline coverage issues are under the control of executive (state or municipal) authorities, which, in turn, attract a contractual basis for organizations serving technical objects that provide lighting streets.

As taxpayers, the inhabitants of any settlement have the right to know how the budget is consumed allocated for the maintenance of the streets, influence the choice of contractors attracted to ensuring the lighting of streets, including through deputies.

23981 09/02/2019 6 min.

Lighting in a private area plays an important role in creating favorable conditions for recreation and life in the house. Today's assortment of street lamps has dozens of various types of lighting, with which you can create a special atmosphere on the site. They illuminate tracks, arbors, facades of houses.

Outdoor Lighting Private House

The main tasks of street lighting:

1. Decorative. Creating an attractive design on the territory
2. Duty. Lighting of the main ways for convenient movement in the daytime
3. Protective. Lighting the site to prevent the penetration of foreign on the territory.

Street illumination of the private house and garden plot is not only a way to illuminate the territory, but also a kind of signaling (in the presence of motion sensors or) and duty backlight. Outdoor lighting can be classified by two categories: outdoor lamps and lamps.

Garden lights for a country house

Lanterns for the street allow quality to highlight the territory and create a unique landscape design. The devices are great for the beautiful lighting of garden tracks and architectural objects.

The range of types and styles of the lanterns allows you to choose an option even for the most picky owner of the private section: classic, Hi-Tech, French, English and oriental stylization and many others. With the varieties of street lighting lanterns on the posts, you will familiarize yourself with.

Lamps for the country area and yard

No landscape design of private territory do not cost without street lamps. Devices are indispensable with both functional and aesthetic point of view. Properly selected and placed lamps are completely unrecognizable plot and give him an original style. Install the outside of the house is usually wall mounted, and illuminate the local area, the entrance.

Views: Wall Mounted, Pendant for the Outdoor Territories

Distinguish:

• Suspended
• Wall mounted
• LED
• With motion sensors
• With light sensors
• Embedded in the ground or sidewalk lamps.

Details about the size of border stones told.

All types of lamps for cottages or homes are characterized by tightness and resistance to environmental impacts. You can buy any of them in specialized lighting stores.

When selecting lighting devices for giving or house, more attention should be paid to the lamps, since they are affected by the light effects:

• Suspended. Total suspended from the ceiling. Hold with a chain with an adjustment of height to 1 m. The best places to use suspended models: the exterior of the building, as well as canopies, arbors and other remedies.
• Wall mounted. These models are installed on the facades of buildings, supports, low columns and consoles. They can also be embedded in steps or wall due to a plastic body with a special fastening, and also to do.
• LED. LED models effectively save electricity (2-3 times compared with other types of clarification) and differ in aesthetically enjoyable appearance. As well as increased service life and high reliability. Such models work perfectly at low temperatures and possess shockproof properties. Read also about LED spotlights for street lighting.

• With light sensor. Devices with light sensors automatically turn on all or selective number of luminaires with twilight.
• . Permanent lighting in the dark time of day is an excessive waste of electricity. The motion sensors will help to avoid this, with which the lighting will be turned on only when a person moves through the territory. Tip: In order for the sensor does not react to domestic animals, it is necessary to reduce its sensitivity slightly. Ideally, it is best to combine lamps with motion sensors and illumination into one system, which fully automates the lighting.
• Embedded. They are devices embedded in soil, sidewalks and steps. Allow to illuminate the road to home, swimming pool or gazebo.

Installation of street lighting

Independently install street lamps for a country house- not so difficult. The main thing is to comply with some important rules and explore possible ways of installation.

Poles for the street

The lampposts allow not only to establish powerful lighting on the territory, but also perform aesthetic function in landscape design. To effectively install the column, you must compare the following parameters:

• Approximate pillar height
• The power of the light source
• The intensity and brightness of the lamp.

Only with a competent analysis of the above factors, the posts will be installed correctly, and the owner of the site will avoid the creation of "blind zones".

When installing columns, it is important to know the depth of the freezing of the Earth (for example, in Moscow it is 140 cm, and in the northern regions - up to 240 cm).

Brackets for installation outside the house

Brackets are an independent support for lanterns and lamps. Thanks to the brackets, the lamps are installed on the facades of houses, walls, lampposts and other places, which allows them to be used to illuminate the yard.

How to make outdoor lighting with your own hands

For independent installation of outdoor lighting, you will need three large groups of instruments:

1. Lighting devices. Lamps, lanterns and so on.
2. Control equipment. Equipment for controlling and automation of street lighting. For example, setting such parameters so that the lighting is turned on at a certain time of the day or even on a particular day.
3. Communications. This group includes various cables, pipes, terminals, ties and other things used during installation.

Stages of mounting

Work on the installation of lighting consists of several large-scale stages.

Design

If your house has a swimming pool or street staircase, then such lighting will look very sophisticated.

First of all, it is necessary to create a plan and split all the lighting devices into groups, such as devices for lighting tracks in the garden in one, and the illumination of the facade to another.

Preparation

After that, the selection of seats for devices begins, pits in them. They will serve as a formwork for the subsequent fill of the foundation. All pits need to be connected with shallow (about 400 mm) trenches. Then, from an extreme hole for the lamp, a trench is laid to the house to start the wires into the electrical panels.

All information about street LED lights on the posts will find.

Locking communications

The next stage lies in the installation of electrical cables. A layer of sand is covered in the trench and the wire is stacked, wrapped in a special metal sleeve. Each group of instruments must be connected by a separate cable. All cables need to fall asleep 100 mm layer of sand and to lay a brick in one layer.

Instead of bricks, you can use crushed stone, which will also help protect cables from mechanical damage.

Where lamps will be installed, it is necessary to remove the wires of the loop outside. Then pour the pit with concrete, and the ditches fall asleep the burdens.

Installation of devices themselves

First you need to disassemble the lighting device: separate the lamp from the installation element. Then fold the cable into the loop and cut it, clean the ends and turn through the installation item.

After mounting the setting item, you need to connect the lamp to the wiring and install it on the heel.

Important: do not forget about grounding. In the absence of grounding there is a high chance of electric shock and the output of lighting devices. Therefore, the entire outdoor wire must be laid in a triple cable.

Lighting automation

In the simplest version, the lighting automation is collaboration and motion sensors. When installing the control system, you must install an individual sensor for each group of lighting instruments.

This system allows you to include only individual groups of instruments. For example, only duty lighting. This will significantly save funds.

Outdoor lighting as part of landscape design

Outdoor lighting plays a huge role in the landscape design of the territory. There are only a few correctly selected and installed lanterns, and the garden will get a completely different view in the dark time.

Depending on the desires of the owner of the private house, the plot can be issued in a variety of styles. It may be lanterns in the "Modern" style, which will become an excellent addition to modern landscape design. Or, on the contrary, use the measured style "Ampir", with which the garden will acquire a peaceful and harmonious appearance.

Where to position the lamps

A beautiful effect can be achieved when installing lanterns near branching trees. The devices will dispel light through the foliage that the area will add an atmospheric view.

Such devices allow you to beautifully make a facade of the house and give it an attractive view in the dark time.

Do not forget about decorative lighting. Cute and cozy lamps along the gardens tracks. They can be constructed independently due to special forms.

How to make a form for garden tracks learn.

When choosing lamps for decorative facade decoration, low-power models 3-5 watts will be suitable. And with the design itself, you should pay attention to the backlight vector. For example, if you need to issue the first floor, then the lamps are best located between or under the windows, and the light is sent to the corners of the building and just down.

The angular models of lamps can be placed in the area of \u200b\u200boverlaps between the second and the first floors, and the light is directed down.

The advantages of street LED lamps on the pillars are set out.

Lamps for arbors

In the arbors are used suspended lamps. Brightness and type of lighting instrument are selected according to the appointment of the arbor. This may be a place for cozy evening conversations or reading and learning. For the first case, lamps with soft and scattered lighting are needed, and for the second - brighter and powerful sources of lighting.

Video

The video illustrates how to install a lamp for the illumination of the garden plot with your own hands:

Street lamps for home ― this is a great way of creative realization of the owner of the private site, as well as the opportunity to continue to protect the territory from outside. Recently gain popularity. It is not only convenient, but also economically. With street lighting, the site is transformed in the dark time of the day, creating a charming and pleasant atmosphere in the yard.

Many of us more than once had to return home in the dark time. At such moments, a person understands how important the lighting inside the apartment building and around it. But what to do, if there are no light in the entrance, nor in the courtyard? Who to contact and who is responsible for this? Let's deal with this issue

In this article:

Lighting an entrance

With the onset of darkness in the entrance and on the stairwells of the residential building, light must be included. First of all it is necessary for the safety of residents. Lighting in the entrance of an apartment building should meet the following requirements:

• in public premises, a system of general illumination is used;
• if there are more than 6 floors in the house and employs more than 50 people, the building must be equipped with evacuation lighting;
• evacuation lamps are installed in the main aisles and in front of the elevators;
• it is allowed to use incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps;
• it is recommended to cover the lamp anti-vandal, impact-resistant glass or metal mesh;
• the intensity of light must comply with the established standards.

The standards of illumination are governed by special regulatory documents, SNiP and GOST and are normalized at VNC 59-88. Values \u200b\u200bin suites for common areas are presented in the table:

The tenants have the right to complain about the management company not only on the fact that there are no lamps, but also that their light is not enough intense.

Lighting in the basement

Special requirements are put forward to the organization of the basement illumination due to a special microclimate indoor. As a rule, there is always wet, dampness may be observed, so the lamps must respond to electrical safety and fire safety standards.

Power must be reduced to 42 watts using a lowering transformer. The luminaire case is necessarily ground. It is not recommended in the process of laying cables to combine copper and aluminum wires, which react under the influence of moisture. Wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes, which are called sleeves.

Lighting of the local area

Before dealing with what provisions should be the lighting of the local area and the courtyard of an apartment building, it is necessary to deal with what is included in this concept - "house territory". According to the law, this is:

• the land plot on which the house was built, its dimensions are determined by cadastre;
• elements of improvement (here included, including lamps);
• objects intended for the operation of the house (thermal points, transformer, children's and sports grounds, car parkings).

Immediately lighting the courtyard of an apartment building can be carried out in three ways:

1. Lantern under the visor above the door in the entrance. It is convenient because you can take a low-power lamp, the light will not need a lot. The disadvantage is that there will be only a small plot in front of the door.
2. Lantern over the visor entrance. It is advisable to take a lamp with a light stream at least 3500 lm and circular light light. Place at an altitude of 5 meters at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. But, despite the fact that the entire courtyard is illuminated in this way, the area next to the door remains in the dark.
3. Combining the two previous options. The most optimal way to illuminate the yard, but it consumes a lot of electricity.

To illuminate adjacent territories, the standards are also developed, which are presented in the table:

Some tenants insist on the installation of lighting devices with a motion sensor in order to save electricity. Such lamps make sense to put inside the entrances, while on the streets they will work not entirely correctly. On the street, the sensor can work from the movement of the animal, and the light will turn on when this is not required.

Who is responsible for the lighting of the house?

According to the Federal Law No. 131, local self-government bodies are responsible for the illumination of streets, roads and courtyards. But maintaining the performance of the lamps is responsible for residents at home.

According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, liability for light inside residential buildings and in the house area lies in the management company with which the tenants have concluded a contract. In the very text of the agreement, it is written out which services is provided by the Criminal Code, for which it is responsible and what is the procedure for emerging problems or controversial issues.

What to do if the tenants found that in the entrance, public areas, in the basement or on the adjacent territory there are no light? They need to take the following steps:

1. A certificate is drawn up in which the problem is described.
2. The act signs at least 3 people. It can be neighbors, a senior entrance or chairman of the house.
3. The act attached proof of the existence of the problem. For example, a photo of the absence of light in the evening.
4. Documents are transferred to the control company.
5. For seven days, the employees of the Criminal Code check and analyze information, eliminate malfunctions and constitute their own act about the problem.
6. The document in which all actions adopted to eliminate the problem are transmitted to applicants.

If the management company does not cope with its responsibilities, refuses to perform what is written in the contract, the tenants have the right to terminate the agreement with it and conclude an agreement with another organization.

Who pays the lighting of the courtyard and the entrances of an apartment building? According to the FZ, the territory around the house, as well as the entrances, is common property. The costs of lighting and troubleshooting are imposed directly on the tenants of the house. And expenses are divided into each owner, depending on the area of \u200b\u200bits apartment.

Attention should be paid, whether this house territory is documented that this area is the common property of this one at home. If there are no such marks, then the inclusion in the receipt of payment is illegally.

Lighting multi-storey houses is strictly regulated by laws and sanitary standards. If one of the important parameters is not observed - there is no light at all, it is not bright enough, the lighting is organized without taking into account the security of tenants, the residents of the house have the right to apply to the management company, the local administration or even to court.